CN104063902A - Finite element modeling method based on real material microstructure - Google Patents
Finite element modeling method based on real material microstructure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a finite element modeling method based on a real material microstructure. According to the method, various kinds of digital image technical processing are carried out on SEM scanned pictures, conversion from bitmaps to vector diagrams is achieved, and accordingly the real material microstructure can be mapped into a two-dimensional finite element model. By means of threshold segmentation, gray processing, binarization processing, repeated switch-off and switch-on operations and the technology converting the bitmaps into the vector diagrams, defects presented in the images or reinforcements are clearly segmented from a substrate, and besides attributes of the defects or the reinforcements can be respectively defined in finite element software. According to the method, a high-precision finite element model of the real material microstructure is built directly through the SEM pictures, a digital model is close to a real structure, and authenticity of the finite element model in the calculation process and in calculation results is improved. The method can be widely used in the field of optimization design field taking the defects and heterogeneous material performance judgment into consideration.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the finite element modeling technical field that contains more defect or heterogeneous material.
Background technology
Workpiece is in the process of producing, or for active or passive, federation introduces and is mingled with or defect in structure organization, and such as the snotter in the shrinkage cavity producing in casting process, dispersion-strengtherning, these all have conclusive effect to the performance quality of product.In the performance of exploration material; we usually can use the method for finite element modeling; analyze its performance and destruction situation in the situation that being subject to various loading; and various defects or the existence that is mingled with are huge on the impact of its performance; therefore, how to set up that to be close to actual finite element model be extremely important.
Traditional finite element modeling method is confined to finite element software itself, is just configured to artificially Utopian aggregation model, and has ignored the structure of material internal, and such result makes us being difficult to accept completely.Such as the impact of the existence of wanting the hole defect in simulation material on mechanics of materials feature, if the size that constructs material internal hole and distribution situation that can not be correct, and manually go artificially to dig out some holes out, simulation mechanical characteristic is out differentiated with actual conditions like this.In order to address this problem, just the true micromechanism situation of material must be incorporated in the modeling process of finite element.
The appearance of scanning electron microscope SEM has been taken us to microcosmic to the visual field of material from macroscopic view, and by the interior cross section of scanning material, we can see being mingled with or defect wherein clearly.And along with the development of digital image processing techniques, apply various image processing softwares, such as Photoshop, CorelDraw, we can be mingled with these or the profile of defect shows, and can remove tiny defect.And bitmap changes the technology of polar plot into, just directly will be mingled with or profile and the finite element software of defect are combined togather, for Reality simulation heterogeneous microstructure provides possible to the impact of material property.
Also there is scholar to pass through computer programming, in conjunction with Digital Image Processing ABC and computerese, the micromechanism of material is shown in finite element, but the realization of this method needs the support of powerful computer programming knowledge, this makes threshold undoubtedly one, makes this method be difficult to be accepted by most people.
Summary of the invention
In order to reflect more accurately the impact of material internal structure on material property, the present invention, in conjunction with digital image processing techniques, in conjunction with the conversion between each software, provides a kind of finite element modeling method based on the true heterogeneous microstructure of material.The method by material internal pattern such as hole, crackle, be mingled with and be reflected in really in finite element modeling, the micromechanism of material can be reflected in finite element modeling.The method has changed traditional finite element modeling thinking, be based upon on the basis of Digital Image Processing, true microstructure morphology and the finite element of material are combined, in modeling process by the real defect of material or be mingled with and be mapped in finite element model, allow simulation process more be close to reality, the confidence level of result of calculation is had to a raising.In addition, the present invention, by the cooperation between various software, has save complicated programming process, makes the users that are unfamiliar with programming language more acceptant more.
Technical scheme of the present invention is specific as follows: a kind of finite element modeling method based on the true heterogeneous microstructure of material, comprises the following steps:
(1) utilize SEM surface sweeping electron microscope to obtain the microstructure morphology of required research material, saved as digital picture pattern;
(2) utilize Photoshop image processing software to carry out gray scale processing to obtained digital picture, Threshold segmentation, the Digital Image Processing processes such as switch closed procedure, reduce tiny flaw or fine impurities, clear performance major defect or impurity profile;
(3) in CorelDraw drawing instrument, change gained to defect or the profile bitmap of impurity be polar plot, round and smooth defect or the edge being mingled with;
(4) polar plot step (3) being obtained carries out format conversion and finally changes the compatible form of finite element software in AutoCAD, UG;
(5) obtained polar plot is put into grid division in finite element software.
Described step (1) is carried out in accordance with the following methods: utilize scanning electron microscope the subject material surface that will study choose one can represent tissue in defect or the region that is mingled with, for convenience of successive image work for the treatment of, require to take the pattern that gained photo can clear performance goes out each defect or is mingled with.
Described step (2) is carried out in accordance with the following methods: 1) gray scale processing: the photo obtaining by SEM is intercepted to needed region, and obtained sectional drawing is carried out to gray scale processing, sectional drawing is converted to gray-scale map (gray-scale map can with a matrix representation, the gray-scale value that each element of matrix is this picture element);
2) Threshold segmentation: obtained picture is drawn to its histogram, contrast Wave crest and wave trough is chosen suitable threshold value and is cut apart, picture overall region is divided into two parts, matrix and defect or be mingled with, wherein to show as gray-scale value be 0 to be black for defect or be mingled with, matrix gray-scale value is 1, is white;
3) switch closed procedure carries out image denoising: remove small shade, large defect, macroscopic-void, large snotter are retained;
4) by through processing after picture in Photoshop with * .jpg formatted output, for next step is prepared.
Step 2) in the photo that obtains because have too much tiny flaw or due to the little shade of taking reason and producing, the existence of these small shades can affect the speed of subsequent calculations process Computer greatly, so need to remove.By this step by large defect, macroscopic-void, large snotter retains, and ignores tiny flaw.
Described step (3) is carried out in accordance with the following methods:
1) picture of deriving in step (2) is imported in CorelDraw software;
2) click editor's bitmap option, depict therein and in bitmap option, select the string diagram of profile in depicting, defect or the outline that is mingled with are showed;
3) regulate details in setting options, level and smooth, turning smoothness option to observe parameter and change the impact on picture detail, select most suitable parameter, then click and determine, CorelDraw can export defect or the profile being mingled with after the round and smooth processing of refinement;
4) finally export as by CorelDraw * .dwg or the * .dxf form that AutoCAD software is compatible, put into finite element software for next step and prepare.
Described step (4) is carried out in accordance with the following methods:
1) polar plot of the * .dwg obtaining by CorelDraw or * .dxf form is first opened in AutoCAD, clicks layout1 or Layout2 in operation window under AutoCAD, saves as * .dwg or * .dxf;
2) open UG mapping software, the * .dwg that upper step is obtained or the file of * .dxf import to UG the inside, and figure is modified, and remove unnecessary limit;
3) in UG, export as * .igs, * .CATIA V5, * .sat form, prepare for next step imports in finite element software.Taking ABAQUS or Ansys finite element software as experimental subjects, step (5) is carried out by the following method: A. opens the sketch module of ABAQUS, the * .sat formatted file that in importing, step generates, can in sketch, see obtained micromechanism polar plot, and can operate again interpolation or delete line, import two dimensional model by setting up part by sketch afterwards, grid division afterwards.
B. open ANSYS software, import the * .sat formatted file generating in step (4), because import as line, therefore first generate face by Preprocessor/Modeling/Creat/Areas, then by grid division order, gained two-dimensional surface is carried out to grid division.
Contrast and be existingly mingled with or the finite element modeling method of the material of defect containing, the invention has the advantages that:
One, obtain the microstructure of material by SEM, select representative region to carry out Digital Image Processing.Can showing the snotter clear-cut in material.Arrive the transformation of polar plot by bitmap, various being mixed in finite element software in material can be showed completely, use the method to carry out modeling, gained model has cogency more.
Two, by Photoshop and the powerful image processing techniques of CorelDraw, can effectively suppress the noise in image, neglect small defect, and can round and smooth contour edge, make can avoid the appearance of singular point in FEM (finite element) calculation process.
Three, ripe software function, and clear software operation interface also can make the personnel of more shortage computer programmings, accepts very soon this method, has saved a large amount of pre-treatment time, makes the popularization of this method become possibility.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 sets up true microcosmic finite element model process flow diagram;
The original SEM microphoto of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 intercepts representative area;
Fig. 4 gray scale is processed picture;
Fig. 5 Threshold segmentation binaryzation picture;
Fig. 6 image denoising is processed picture;
Fig. 7 CorelDraw profile extracts operation interface;
Fig. 8 depicts bitmap and obtains lines of outline figure;
Fig. 9 AutoCAD exports as * .dxf form interface;
Figure 10 UG exports as CATIA V5 form interface;
Sketch module situation in Figure 11 ABAQUS;
Grid division situation in Figure 12 ABAQUS;
In Figure 13 Ansys, generate face situation;
Grid division situation in Figure 14 Ansys.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention belongs to finite element modeling pre-treatment part, in conjunction with digital image processing techniques, and the bitmap-converted technology that is polar plot.On the basis of the true micromechanism of material, by the micropore hole in material structure be mingled with and show in numerical simulation.The assistant software of mainly using has: Photoshop, CorelDraw, AutoCAD, UG, Ansys, ABAQUS etc.The present invention skips loaded down with trivial details programming process, directly at the enterprising line operate in the basis of existing ripe software, simple to operate, is easily accepted by beginner.Do an analysis with regard to APS-TBCs (thermal barrier coating) material applying on airspace engine turbo blade below.
APS-TBCs (Thermal Barrier Coating Layers Prepared By Plasma Spraying) is in the process of producing, owing to being material stacking from level to level, therefore can produce between the layers a large amount of holes, correlative study shows, porosity in APS-TBCs can reach 10-15%, the existence in these cavities changes the mechanical property of thermal barrier coating, and too high porosity can cause the decline of the Young modulus of thermal barrier coating, makes it declined by loading capability.In thermal barrier coating service environment, may also can be subject to the shock from external particle, the existence in these cavities also has a great impact the expansion of clashing into the micro-crack producing.Therefore pattern and the porosity of studying hole play an important role to the life prediction of thermal barrier coating! Present stage, numerical simulation was widely applied in scientific research except experiment.How the pattern of coating Hole and finite element are combined, seem particularly important.According to the method for this patent, the finite element model that foundation is contained true hole pattern by we.Concrete steps are as follows:
The whole process flow diagram of modeling as shown in Figure 1.
(1) utilize SEM surface sweeping electron microscope to obtain certain studied model APS-TBCs microstructure morphology, saved as digital picture pattern, as shown in Figure 2;
(2) intercept the once region of thermal barrier coating pottery that will study, as shown in Figure 3.Utilize Photoshop image processing software to carry out gray scale processing to obtained sectional drawing, according to scale in figure, determine that picture is of a size of 155*388 (relative size) as Fig. 4.
Again image being carried out to Threshold segmentation, is binary map by image change, and as shown in Figure 5, wherein black represents original hole part, and white represents pottery.The noise of introducing while having a large amount of tiny defects and picture to produce in the picture obtaining like this, Fig. 5 is carried out to minimizing tiny flaw or the fine impurities such as switch closed procedure, the main hole defect of clear performance, result as shown in Figure 6, in figure, small stain has been corroded or has deleted, and only leaves large hole.Fig. 6 is saved as to * .jpg form.
This step has operated in image processing software Photoshop.
(3) in CorelDraw, open Fig. 6, click and depict bitmap option, select the profile wherein string diagram option in depicting, carry out therein the extraction of profile.And profile is carried out to round and smooth processing, and reducing the appearance at wide-angle turning, Fig. 7 is shown in concrete operations, the benefit of operation is like this, improves the quality of grid division, controls the appearance of singular point.Obtained lines of outline figure is derived to form * .dxf or * .Dwg formatted output with CorelDraw.Institute's contour images that obtains as shown in Figure 8.
This step has operated in the CorelDraw of mapping software.
(4) polar plot step (3) being obtained is because form disunity can't be placed directly in finite element software, need to import to and in AutoCAD, save as * .dxf or * .Dwg form, in AutoCAD, also can modify to figure, delete those small defects, amendment is afterwards as Fig. 9.Now completed the conversion of bitmap to polar plot, and can by finite element soft Ansys compatibility.Again by step 3) figure that obtains imports in UG, be output as ABAQUS can be compatible CATIA V5 and * .sat form, as Figure 10.So far finite element previous work completes.This step has coordinated with AutoCAD and UG.
(5) obtained polar plot is put into finite element software such as grid division in ANSYS or ABAQUS.
A. open the sketch module of ABAQUS, the * .sat formatted file that in importing, step generates can be seen obtained micromechanism polar plot in sketch, and can operate interpolation again or delete line.As shown in figure 11;
Grid dividing condition, as Figure 12, only makes reference here.Select overall fabric, be of a size of 2, trellis-type is CPE4R.Also can local refinement, no longer explain at this.
B. open ANSYS software, import 4) in the * .sat formatted file that generates because import as line, therefore first generate face by Preprocessor/Modeling/Creat/Areas, as shown in figure 13; By grid division order, gained two-dimensional surface is carried out to grid division again, divide effect as shown in figure 14.
Above finite element modeling process is the finite element modeling doing between ceramic body and its Hole.Same method goes for the description to reinforcement real topography in reinforced particulate.And this kind of method is also applicable to other finite element softwares, and strong adaptability way is flexible.
Through above discussion analysis, the present invention has directly set up finite element model on the basis of the true microstructure morphology of material, has retained the impact that in its structure, large defect has been removed small hole, and the round and smooth processing in edge more can promote mesh quality.This invention, taking the support between each software as platform, is reduced to software interfaceization operation by programming process loaded down with trivial details tradition, and the staff of convenient more multicomputer programming technique weakness uses.
Claims (7)
1. the finite element modeling method based on the true heterogeneous microstructure of material, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) utilize SEM surface sweeping electron microscope to obtain the microstructure morphology of required research material, saved as digital picture pattern;
(2) utilize Photoshop image processing software to carry out gray scale processing to obtained digital picture, Threshold segmentation, the Digital Image Processing processes such as switch closed procedure, reduce tiny flaw or fine impurities, clear performance major defect or impurity profile;
(3) in CorelDraw drawing instrument, change gained to defect or the profile bitmap of impurity be polar plot, round and smooth defect or the edge being mingled with;
(4) polar plot step (3) being obtained carries out format conversion and finally changes the compatible form of finite element software in AutoCAD, UG;
(5) obtained polar plot is put into grid division in finite element software.
2. according to a kind of finite element modeling method based on the true heterogeneous microstructure of material described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (1) carries out in accordance with the following methods:
Utilize scanning electron microscope the subject material surface that will study choose one can represent tissue in defect or the region that is mingled with, for convenience of successive image work for the treatment of, require to take the pattern that gained photo can clear performance goes out each defect or is mingled with.
3. a kind of finite element modeling method based on the true heterogeneous microstructure of material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (2) carries out in accordance with the following methods: 1) gray scale processing: the photo obtaining by SEM is intercepted to needed region, and obtained sectional drawing is carried out to gray scale processing, sectional drawing is converted to gray-scale map;
2) Threshold segmentation: obtained picture is drawn to its histogram, contrast Wave crest and wave trough is chosen suitable threshold value and is cut apart, picture overall region is divided into two parts, matrix and defect or be mingled with, wherein to show as gray-scale value be 0 to be black for defect or be mingled with, matrix gray-scale value is 1, is white;
3) switch closed procedure carries out image denoising: remove small shade, large defect, macroscopic-void, large snotter are retained;
4) by through processing after picture in Photoshop with * .jpg formatted output, for next step is prepared.
4. a kind of finite element modeling method based on the true heterogeneous microstructure of material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step (3) carries out in accordance with the following methods:
1) picture of deriving in step (2) is imported in CorelDraw software;
2) click editor's bitmap option, depict therein and in bitmap option, select the string diagram of profile in depicting, defect or the outline that is mingled with are showed;
3) regulate details in setting options, level and smooth, turning smoothness option to observe parameter and change the impact on picture detail, select most suitable parameter, then click and determine, CorelDraw can export defect or the profile being mingled with after the round and smooth processing of refinement;
4) finally export as by CorelDraw * .dwg or the * .dxf form that AutoCAD software is compatible, put into finite element software for next step and prepare.
5. a kind of finite element modeling method based on the true heterogeneous microstructure of material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step (4) carries out in accordance with the following methods:
1) polar plot of the * .dwg obtaining by CorelDraw or * .dxf form is first opened in AutoCAD, clicks layout1 or Layout2 in operation window under AutoCAD, saves as * .dwg or * .dxf;
2) open UG mapping software, the * .dwg that upper step is obtained or the file of * .dxf import to UG the inside, and figure is modified, and remove unnecessary limit;
3) in UG, export as * .igs, * .CATIA V5, * .sat form, prepare for next step imports in finite element software.
6. a kind of finite element modeling method based on the true heterogeneous microstructure of material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (5) is carried out in accordance with the following methods: this step is carried out in finite element software ABAQUS, open the sketch module of ABAQUS, the * .sat formatted file that in importing, step generates is seen obtained micromechanism polar plot in sketch, then operates interpolation or delete line, import two dimensional model by setting up part by sketch afterwards, then grid division.
7. a kind of finite element modeling method based on the true heterogeneous microstructure of material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (5) is carried out in accordance with the following methods: this step is carried out in finite element soft Ansys, open ANSYS software, import the * .sat formatted file generating in step (4), generate face by Preprocessor/Modeling/Creat/Areas, then by grid division order, gained two-dimensional surface is carried out to grid division.
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