CN104062507B - A kind of accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument - Google Patents

A kind of accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument Download PDF

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CN104062507B
CN104062507B CN201410302974.5A CN201410302974A CN104062507B CN 104062507 B CN104062507 B CN 104062507B CN 201410302974 A CN201410302974 A CN 201410302974A CN 104062507 B CN104062507 B CN 104062507B
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circuit
accumulator
constant
audion
optocoupler
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CN104062507A (en
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高玉琴
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Jiangsu River Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
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高玉琴
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Abstract

A kind of accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument includes square-wave pulse circuit for generating, the square-wave pulse signal of its output controls constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit, accumulator is carried out charge and discharge, make formation ac voltage signal in accumulator, described ac voltage signal is amplified by one ac amplifier circuit, the amplification signal of ac amplifier circuit output delivers to a detecting circuit, detecting circuit converts amplification signal to d. c. voltage signal, and d. c. voltage signal is sent to the internal resistance value that display display is corresponding;Accumulator can be inputted a constant alternating current by the charge and discharge circuit being characterized in described, the internal resistance of accumulator is formed an ac voltage signal, described ac voltage signal is proportional with the internal resistance of accumulator, it is not necessary to data processing unit just can draw the internal resistance of accumulator;This measuring instrument measurement error less than 2.5%, simple in construction low cost of manufacture.

Description

A kind of accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument, specifically a kind of have alternating current can be allowed to pass through accumulator in the internal resistance of accumulator, form the electronic circuit of alternating voltage.
Background technology
The instrument measuring accumulator internal resistance at present mainly has two kinds, one is that accumulator is carried out transient large current discharge by instrument, measure transient voltage in accumulator to drop, then the internal resistance of accumulator is calculated according to Ohm's law, another kind is to inject alternating current to accumulator, accumulator is formed alternating voltage, calculates the internal resistance of accumulator according to alternating voltage and alternating current;Both circuit structures are all more complicated, it is necessary to current sensor, A/D converter, device for high-power power electronic and intelligent control chip, manufacturing cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument, this measuring instrument can precisely measure out the internal resistance of accumulator, and circuit is simple, low cost of manufacture.
The technical scheme is that, accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument includes square-wave pulse circuit for generating, the square-wave pulse signal of its output controls constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit, accumulator is filled, electric discharge, make formation ac voltage signal in accumulator, constant-current charging circuit is connected with the positive pole of accumulator with the outfan of constant-current discharge circuit, the minus earth of accumulator, the input of one ac amplifier circuit is connected with the positive pole of accumulator, described ac voltage signal is amplified, the amplification signal of ac amplifier circuit output delivers to a detecting circuit, detecting circuit converts amplification signal to d. c. voltage signal, d. c. voltage signal is sent to the internal resistance value that display display is corresponding;
It is characterized in that,
Described square-wave pulse circuit for generating includes the time-base integrated circuit IC1 that model is NE555, optocoupler LED1, LED2, the pin 3 of time-base integrated circuit is connected by the light-emitting diodes tube anode of resistance R12 and optocoupler LED1, the light emitting diode minus earth of optocoupler LED1, the phototriode of optocoupler LED1 switchs as the switching of constant-current charging circuit;The pin 7 of time-base integrated circuit meets voltage stabilizing positive supply V+ by the light-emitting diodes tube cathode of optocoupler LED2, the light-emitting diodes tube anode of optocoupler LED2, resistance R13, and the phototriode of optocoupler LED2 switchs as the switching of constant-current discharge circuit;The pin 4,8 of time-base integrated circuit meets voltage stabilizing positive supply V+, the pin 2,6 of time-base integrated circuit is connected with the pin 3 of time-base integrated circuit by resistance R11, the pin 2,6 of time-base integrated circuit is by electric capacity C11 ground connection, pin 1 ground connection of time-base integrated circuit, the pin 5 of time-base integrated circuit is by electric capacity C12 ground connection;
Described constant-current charging circuit includes audion T21, T22 of positive-negative-positive, the base stage of audion T21 connects positive supply V1 and resistance R21 ground connection respectively through Zener diode DW21, the emitter stage of audion T21 is connected with the base stage of audion T22, the emitter stage of audion T22 meets positive supply V1 by resistance R22, the colelctor electrode of audion T21, T22 connects the colelctor electrode of the phototriode of optocoupler LED1, and the emitter stage of the phototriode of optocoupler LED1 receives the positive pole of accumulator E;
Described constant-current discharge circuit includes audion T31, T32 of NPN type, the base stage of audion T31 meets positive supply V1 respectively through resistance R31, by Zener diode DW31 ground connection, the emitter stage of audion T31 is connected with the base stage of audion T32, the emitter stage of audion T32 passes through resistance R32 ground connection, the colelctor electrode of audion T31, T32 connects the emitter stage of the phototriode of optocoupler LED2, and the positive pole of accumulator E received by the colelctor electrode of the phototriode of optocoupler LED2.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the square-wave pulse of the exportable symmetry of pin 3,7 of time-base integrated circuit, the phototriode making optocoupler LED1, LED2 is respectively turned on and cut-off, control the switching of electric current in constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit, realize the constant current charge and discharge to accumulator, be equivalent to accumulator inputs a constant alternating current, the internal resistance of accumulator is formed an ac voltage signal;The AC constant-current source that this constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit are constituted compared with traditional alternating-current constant-current source circuit structure, its simple in construction, constant current is stable;Described ac voltage signal is proportional with the internal resistance of accumulator;The electric current exported due to constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit is constant and known, so current sensor and corresponding current measurement circuit can be saved;Ac voltage signal owing to being formed on accumulator internal resistance is proportional with the internal resistance of accumulator, can save data processing step, correspondingly can save intelligent chip or data processor;The control of constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit realized by described square-wave pulse circuit for generating by optocoupler coupling, it is to avoid interfere between square-wave pulse circuit for generating and constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit, reduces measurement error.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the electrical schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the electrical schematic diagram of ac amplifier circuit.
Fig. 3 is battery tension and the oscillogram of ac amplifier circuit output voltage.
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
The accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument of the present invention, including square-wave pulse circuit for generating, it is controlled by constant-current charging circuit and the constant-current discharge circuit of the square-wave pulse signal of square-wave pulse circuit for generating output, constant-current charging circuit is connected with the positive pole of accumulator with the outfan of constant-current discharge circuit, accumulator is filled, electric discharge forms ac voltage signal in accumulator, the input of one ac amplifier circuit is connected with the positive pole of accumulator, described ac voltage signal is amplified, the amplification signal of ac amplifier circuit output delivers to a detecting circuit, detecting circuit converts amplification signal to d. c. voltage signal, d. c. voltage signal is sent to the internal resistance value that display display is corresponding.
Described square-wave pulse circuit for generating, it includes the time-base integrated circuit IC1 that model is NE555, optocoupler LED1, LED2, the pin 4,8 of time-base integrated circuit meets voltage stabilizing positive supply V+, the pin 2,6 of time-base integrated circuit is connected with the pin 3 of time-base integrated circuit by resistance R11, the pin 2,6 of time-base integrated circuit is by electric capacity C11 ground connection, pin 1 ground connection of time-base integrated circuit, and the pin 5 of time-base integrated circuit is by electric capacity C12 ground connection;Thus constitute the generator that exportable two-way dutycycle is 50% square-wave pulse, its frequency of oscillation is relevant to the size of resistance R11 and electric capacity C11, two-way square-wave pulse exports from the pin 3 of time-base integrated circuit and pin 7 respectively, and when pin 3 is high level, pin 7 is low level, and vice versa;
The pin 3 of time-base integrated circuit is connected by the light-emitting diodes tube anode of resistance R12 and optocoupler LED1, and the light emitting diode minus earth of optocoupler LED1, the phototriode of optocoupler LED1 switchs as the switching of constant-current charging circuit;The pin 7 of time-base integrated circuit meets voltage stabilizing positive supply V+ by the light-emitting diodes tube cathode of optocoupler LED2, the light-emitting diodes tube anode of optocoupler LED2, resistance R13, and the phototriode of optocoupler LED2 switchs as the switching of constant-current discharge circuit;The phototriode cut-off of optocoupler LED2 when the phototriode of optocoupler LED1 turns on, vice versa, and the conducting of described phototriode is equal with the time width of cut-off.The model of described optocoupler LED1, LED2 is TLP521.
Described constant-current charging circuit includes audion T21, T22 of positive-negative-positive, the base stage of audion T21 connects positive supply V1 and resistance R21 ground connection respectively through Zener diode DW21, the emitter stage of audion T21 is connected with the base stage of audion T22, the emitter stage of audion T22 meets positive supply V1 by resistance R22, the colelctor electrode of audion T21, T22 connects the colelctor electrode of the phototriode of optocoupler LED1, and the emitter stage of the phototriode of optocoupler LED1 connects the positive pole of accumulator E;When the phototriode of optocoupler LED1 turns on, audion T22 charges to accumulator;Described Zener diode DW21 and resistance R21 provides reference voltage for audion T22, selects the resistance of resistance R22 to can determine that charging current, and charging current is the voltage stabilizing value ratio with the resistance of resistance R22 of Zener diode DW21;The voltage stabilizing value of Zener diode DW21 is 6.3V in the present embodiment, and charging current is 100mA, and nominal battery voltage is 12V, and described positive supply V1 voltage is 24V.
Described constant-current discharge circuit includes the audion T31 of NPN type, T32, the base stage of audion T31 meets positive supply V1 respectively through resistance R31, by Zener diode DW31 ground connection, the emitter stage of audion T31 is connected with the base stage of audion T32, the emitter stage of audion T32 passes through resistance R32 ground connection, audion T31, the colelctor electrode of T32 connects the emitter stage of the phototriode of optocoupler LED2, the colelctor electrode of the phototriode of optocoupler LED2 connects the positive pole of accumulator E, when the phototriode of optocoupler LED2 turns on, audion T32 exports negative current to accumulator and accumulator is discharged by audion T32;Described Zener diode DW31 and resistance R31 provides reference voltage for audion T32, selects the resistance of resistance R32 to can determine that discharge current;The voltage stabilizing value of Zener diode DW31 is also 6.3V, and discharge current is identical with charging stream.The model of described Zener diode DW21, DW31 is IN5234.
Described ac amplifier circuit should have enough amplifications to meet the requirement of load (detecting circuit), ac amplifier circuit (its electrical schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 2) is made up of the anti-phase discharger of two-stage in the present embodiment, the anti-phase discharger of the first order includes the operational amplifier A 1 that model is OP07, the inverting input of operational amplifier A 1 is connected with the outfan of operational amplifier A 1 by resistance R42, the in-phase input end of operational amplifier A 1 passes through resistance R43 ground connection, electrochemical capacitor C41 connects with resistance R41, the positive pole of electrochemical capacitor C41 connects the positive pole of accumulator, the inverting input of the one termination operational amplifier A 1 of resistance R41;The DC voltage of accumulator is isolated by electrochemical capacitor C41.The anti-phase discharger in the second level includes the operational amplifier A 2 that model is OP07, the inverting input of operational amplifier A 2 is connected with the outfan of operational amplifier A 2 by resistance R52, the in-phase input end of operational amplifier A 2 passes through resistance R53 ground connection, electrochemical capacitor C51 connects with resistance R51, the outfan of the positive pole operational amplifier A 1 of electrochemical capacitor C51, the inverting input of a termination operational amplifier A 2 of resistance R51.
Described detecting circuit converts ac voltage signal to direct current signal, diode bridge rectifier structure can be adopted to realize, the input of bridge rectifier is connected with the output of operational amplifier A 2, the output of bridge rectifier terminates a microampere meter, its simple in construction, but diode can produce during diode bridge rectifier rectification tube voltage drop, the linearity making conversion is deteriorated, the error that the sufficiently large tube voltage drop that can overcome diode of described ac voltage signal is brought, additionally bridge rectifier selects germanium diode composition that tube voltage drop also can be made to reduce, it is favorably improved the linearity of conversion.
nullFor improving the linearity of signal conversion,Described detecting circuit can by bridge rectifier、Operational amplifier is constituted,It includes the operational amplifier A 3 that model is OP07,Its in-phase input end is connected with the outfan of operational amplifier A 2 by electrochemical capacitor C61,The inverting input of operational amplifier A 3 is connected with the input of bridge rectifier with outfan,Bridge rectifier is by diode D1、D2、D3、D4 forms,The negative electrode of the anode of diode D1 and diode D2 is connected as an input of bridge rectifier,The negative electrode of the anode of diode D3 and diode D4 is connected as another input of bridge rectifier,Diode D1、The negative electrode of D3 is connected the outfan for bridge rectifier,Diode D2、The anode of D4 is connected another outfan for bridge rectifier,The outfan of bridge rectifier is parallel with the electrochemical capacitor C62 for filtering,The inverting input of operational amplifier A 3 passes through potentiometer R61 ground connection,The resistance of regulator potentiometer R61 can change the size of the output electric current of bridge rectifier.The output termination display of bridge rectifier, described display is a microampere meter M, and the surface of microampere meter is provided with the scale of instruction accumulator internal resistance.Described detecting circuit can eliminate the error that the tube voltage drop of diode produces, and ac voltage signal converts to direct current signal linearly;Microampere meter additionally the ac voltage signal amplitude being converted also had no special requirements, as long as can be driven.Its know-why is: after the outfan of bridge rectifier connects microampere meter M or load, enter equivalence to become a resistance (representing with Rf) in terms of its input, the input of bridge rectifier connects inverting input and the outfan of operational amplifier A 3 respectively, the inverting input of operational amplifier A 3 passes through potentiometer R61 ground connection, ac voltage signal (represents with Usr) and inputs from the in-phase input end of operational amplifier A 3, constitute a homophase input operational amplifier circuit, characteristic according to homophase input operational amplifier circuit, the electric current (representing with Is) flowing through equivalent resistance Rf and potentiometer R61 is same electric current, and Is=Usr/R61, described electric current Is becomes DC current after flowing through bridge rectifier, ac voltage signal is converted to linearly direct current signal.
Described operational amplifier A 1, the working power of A2, A3 are voltage stabilizing positive supply V+ and voltage stabilizing negative supply V-, and its voltage is positive 9V and negative 9V respectively, is the unidirectional current through voltage stabilizing;Described positive supply V1 is constant-current charging circuit and the working power of constant-current discharge circuit, and its magnitude of voltage is more than nominal voltage and the Zener diode voltage stabilizing value sum of accumulator, to ensure the constant current effect of constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit.
The operation principle of this measuring instrument is, described constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit are the constant-current source of exportable equal DC current values, under the control of square-wave pulse circuit for generating, alternately accumulator is carried out charge and discharge, the pulse width of charge and discharge is equal, when charging, the voltage of accumulator raises, when electric discharge, the voltage of accumulator declines, in accumulator, thus produce ac voltage signal, in accumulator, voltage waveform Ue is referring to Fig. 3, it is caused by DC voltage superposes with alternating voltage, and described ac voltage signal can be expressed with following formula:
Ue=R0×I
In formula, Ue is ac voltage signal, R0For accumulator internal resistance, I is alternating current
It is known owing to the value of alternating current I and charge and discharge electric current is predeterminable, therefore measures ac voltage signal Ue and can obtain the value of accumulator internal resistance.
For preventing the accumulator when measuring from producing the precision that polarization impact is measured, the frequency configuration of square-wave pulse is between 1000HZ to 3000HZ, so can eliminating concentration polarization, the amplitude of charge and discharge electric current is set between 50 to 100mA, adopts less electric current can reduce the impact of activation polarization.
The internal resistance of accumulator is only milliohm level, and the ac voltage signal that described charge and discharge electric current is formed in internal resistance is only about hundreds of microvolt, ac voltage signal can be amplified to about 100mV by described alternating current discharge circuit;Ac voltage signal (its waveform Us is referring to Fig. 3) after amplification is converted to d. c. voltage signal by detecting circuit, and the proportional relation of internal resistance of this d. c. voltage signal and accumulator can be given microampere meter without calculating and be shown.
For convenience of the correction of measuring instrument, concatenating the switch K of dual bit in battery positive voltage branch road, when switch K is positioned at primary importance, battery positive voltage branch road is connected, and can carry out internal resistance measurement;It is connected with the one end correcting resistance Rj when switch K is positioned at the second position, corrects resistance Rj other end ground connection, the resistance of the potentiometer R61 in adjustment detecting circuit, the benchmark of recoverable measuring instrument.Certainly described switch K is multidigit, then multiple ranges are corrected by optional multiple correction resistance Rj.
This accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument is in use, it is connected with accumulator by terminals J, connect working power, switch K is pushed second position regulator potentiometer R61, microampere meter is made to arrive full scale, then switch K pushing primary importance accumulator internal resistance is measured, measure and range for 0.5 milliohm to 20 milliohms, the relative error of measurement is less than 2.5%.

Claims (3)

1. an accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument, including square-wave pulse circuit for generating, the square-wave pulse signal of its output controls constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit, accumulator is filled, electric discharge, make formation ac voltage signal in accumulator, constant-current charging circuit is connected with the positive pole of accumulator with the outfan of constant-current discharge circuit, the minus earth of accumulator, the input of one ac amplifier circuit is connected with the positive pole of accumulator, described ac voltage signal is amplified, the amplification signal of ac amplifier circuit output delivers to a detecting circuit, detecting circuit converts the ac voltage signal of amplification to d. c. voltage signal, d. c. voltage signal is sent to the internal resistance value that display display is corresponding;
It is characterized in that,
Described square-wave pulse circuit for generating includes the time-base integrated circuit IC1 that model is NE555, optocoupler LED1, LED2, the pin 3 of time-base integrated circuit is connected by the light-emitting diodes tube anode of resistance R12 and optocoupler LED1, the light emitting diode minus earth of optocoupler LED1, the phototriode of optocoupler LED1 switchs as the switching of constant-current charging circuit;The pin 7 of time-base integrated circuit meets voltage stabilizing positive supply V+ by the light-emitting diodes tube cathode of optocoupler LED2, the light-emitting diodes tube anode of optocoupler LED2, resistance R13, and the phototriode of optocoupler LED2 switchs as the switching of constant-current discharge circuit;The pin 4,8 of time-base integrated circuit meets voltage stabilizing positive supply V+, the pin 2,6 of time-base integrated circuit is connected with the pin 3 of time-base integrated circuit by resistance R11, the pin 2,6 of time-base integrated circuit is by electric capacity C11 ground connection, pin 1 ground connection of time-base integrated circuit, the pin 5 of time-base integrated circuit is by electric capacity C12 ground connection;
Described constant-current charging circuit includes audion T21, T22 of positive-negative-positive, the base stage of audion T21 connects positive supply V1 and resistance R21 ground connection respectively through stabilivolt DW21, the emitter stage of audion T21 is connected with the base stage of audion T22, the emitter stage of audion T22 meets positive supply V1 by resistance R22, the colelctor electrode of audion T21, T22 connects the colelctor electrode of the phototriode of optocoupler LED1, and the emitter stage of the phototriode of optocoupler LED1 receives the positive pole of accumulator E;
Described constant-current discharge circuit includes audion T31, T32 of NPN type, the base stage of audion T31 meets positive supply V1 respectively through resistance R31, by stabilivolt DW31 ground connection, the emitter stage of audion T31 is connected with the base stage of audion T32, the emitter stage of audion T32 passes through resistance R32 ground connection, the colelctor electrode of audion T31, T32 connects the emitter stage of the phototriode of optocoupler LED2, and the positive pole of accumulator E received by the colelctor electrode of the phototriode of optocoupler LED2.
2. accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the frequency of the square-wave pulse signal of described square-wave pulse circuit for generating output is the arbitrary frequency in 1000HZ to 3000HZ, and described constant-current charging circuit and constant-current discharge circuit output current amplitude are 100mA.
3. accumulator internal resistance measuring instrument according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described detecting circuit is by bridge rectifier, operational amplifier A 3 is constituted, the model of operational amplifier A 3 is OP07, its in-phase input end is connected with the outfan of ac amplifier circuit by electrochemical capacitor C61, the inverting input of operational amplifier A 3 is connected with the input of bridge rectifier with outfan, bridge rectifier is by diode D1, D2, D3, D4 forms, the outfan of bridge rectifier is parallel with the electrochemical capacitor C62 for filtering, the inverting input of operational amplifier A 3 passes through potentiometer R61 ground connection.
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Patentee after: Jiangsu River Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Address before: 225500 C2-304 room, Kam do international garden, Jiangyan Town, Jiangyan District, Taizhou, Jiangsu.

Patentee before: Gao Yuqin

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