CN104062068A - Step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulse laser device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明基于高能脉冲激光器阶跃压力产生方法与装置以及形成的压力传感器动态校准装置三个技术方案属阶跃压力、压力传感器动态校准技术领域，该阶跃压力产生方法是采用高能脉冲激光束，透过透光窗射入压力腔中，传压介质被高能脉冲激光束加热对压力腔壁产生阶跃压力信号；产生装置有：高能脉冲激光器、压力腔及透光窗、传压介质及管道、阀门、排气阀；动态校准装置还包括有：标准与被校准压力传感器、温度传感器、信号线缆、数据采集机构；以该阶跃压力作信号源，经标准与被校准压力传感器进行测量比对，得出被校准压力传感器的动态校准结果；本发明的方法与装置优点有：方法创新，产生较理想的阶跃压力信号；产生装置结构简单、操作方便。
The present invention is based on the high-energy pulse laser step pressure generation method and device and the formed pressure sensor dynamic calibration device. The three technical solutions belong to the step pressure and pressure sensor dynamic calibration technical field. The step pressure generation method uses a high-energy pulse laser beam. Injected into the pressure chamber through the light-transmitting window, the pressure transmission medium is heated by the high-energy pulsed laser beam to generate a step pressure signal on the wall of the pressure chamber; the generating device includes: high-energy pulse laser, pressure chamber and light-transmitting window, pressure transmission medium and pipeline , valves, and exhaust valves; the dynamic calibration device also includes: standard and calibrated pressure sensors, temperature sensors, signal cables, and data acquisition mechanisms; the step pressure is used as a signal source, and the standard and calibrated pressure sensors are used for measurement By comparison, the dynamic calibration result of the pressure sensor to be calibrated is obtained; the method and device of the present invention have the advantages of: the method is innovative, and an ideal step pressure signal is generated; the generating device has a simple structure and is easy to operate.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明公开的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法属于阶跃压力信号技术领域及压力传感器动态校准技术领域，具体涉及的是一种采用高能脉冲激光束加热传压介质，产生阶跃压力的方法。 The step pressure generation method based on a high-energy pulse laser disclosed by the present invention belongs to the technical field of step pressure signals and the dynamic calibration technology of pressure sensors, and specifically relates to a method that uses a high-energy pulse laser beam to heat a pressure transmission medium to generate a step pressure method.
背景技术 Background technique
在压力信号动态测试场合，如：火炮膛压测试、冲击波超压测试等，被测压力信号有以下特点：上升沿陡峭、幅值高、脉冲持续时间短等。在此类动态测试应用中，首先须对压力传感器进行动态校准，以确保传感器的各种性能指标满足测试要求。目前，压力传感器动态校准常用的装置或方法有：激波管动态校准装置、高静压下准δ函数脉冲压力校准装置、落锤校准法等。 In the dynamic test of pressure signal, such as: artillery chamber pressure test, shock wave overpressure test, etc., the measured pressure signal has the following characteristics: steep rising edge, high amplitude, short pulse duration, etc. In such dynamic test applications, the pressure sensor must first be dynamically calibrated to ensure that various performance indicators of the sensor meet the test requirements. At present, the commonly used devices or methods for dynamic calibration of pressure sensors include: shock tube dynamic calibration device, quasi-delta function pulse pressure calibration device under high static pressure, drop weight calibration method, etc.
高静压下准δ函数脉冲压力校准装置与落锤校准法都是产生一个接近于δ函数的脉冲压力信号，用此压力信号对传感器进行校准。而激波管动态校准装置是对激波管高压腔进行充气加压，并利用高压腔与低压腔内气体压力的差异使两腔之间的膜片破裂，气体从高压腔进入低压腔从而产生激波，激波打到压力传感器上形成一个近似阶跃信号的压力信号，以此阶跃压力信号来校准传感器。激波管是现在公认的校准压力传感器的可靠方法之一，但激波管校准装置仍存在一些不足之处：首先，激波管能产生的阶跃压力幅值只能达到几十兆帕，难以达到几百兆帕，往往不能满足高压传感器校准的要求；其次，激波管采用破膜方式产生激波，而由此产生的阶跃压力信号上升时间较长，是微秒量级，距离理想的阶跃信号差距较大。 The quasi-delta function pulse pressure calibration device under high static pressure and the drop weight calibration method both generate a pulse pressure signal close to the delta function, and use this pressure signal to calibrate the sensor. The shock tube dynamic calibration device is to inflate and pressurize the high-pressure chamber of the shock tube, and use the difference in gas pressure in the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber to rupture the diaphragm between the two chambers, and the gas enters the low-pressure chamber from the high-pressure chamber to generate Shock wave, the shock wave hits the pressure sensor to form a pressure signal similar to a step signal, and the sensor is calibrated with this step pressure signal. The shock tube is now recognized as one of the reliable methods for calibrating pressure sensors, but there are still some shortcomings in the shock tube calibration device: first, the step pressure amplitude that the shock tube can generate can only reach tens of MPa, It is difficult to reach hundreds of MPa, and often cannot meet the requirements of high-pressure sensor calibration; secondly, the shock tube uses a membrane rupture method to generate shock waves, and the resulting step pressure signal rises for a long time, which is on the order of microseconds. The ideal step signal has a large gap.
本发明为了解决传统激波管校准装置阶跃压力幅值较小、上升沿时间较长的缺点，提出了一种利用大功率激光器瞬间加热传压介质而产生幅值较大、上升沿时间较短的压力信号的方法，并以此信号对高压传感器进行动态校准。 In order to solve the shortcomings of the traditional shock tube calibration device, the step pressure amplitude is small and the rising edge time is long, the invention proposes a method that uses a high-power laser to instantly heat the pressure transmission medium to generate a large amplitude and a short rising edge time. The short pressure signal method is used to dynamically calibrate the high pressure sensor.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是：向社会提供基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法及其产生装置，以及基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置三个技术方案，本发明的阶跃压力产生方法可产生压力幅值达100兆帕以上，阶跃压力上升沿时间小于30纳秒的阶跃压力信号。阶跃信号的幅值以及上升沿时间两项指标都优于传统的激波管产生的阶跃压力信号。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide the society with three technical solutions based on the step pressure generation method of high-energy pulse laser and its generation device, and the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device formed based on the step pressure generation method of high-energy pulse laser. The step pressure generation method can generate a step pressure signal with a pressure amplitude of over 100 MPa and a rise time of the step pressure less than 30 nanoseconds. Both the amplitude and rising edge time of the step signal are superior to the step pressure signal generated by the traditional shock tube.
本发明的技术方案包括基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法及其产生装置，以及基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置三部分。 The technical solution of the present invention includes three parts: a step pressure generating method based on a high-energy pulse laser and a generating device thereof, and a pressure sensor dynamic calibration device formed based on a step pressure generating method of a high-energy pulse laser.
本发明关于基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法的技术方案是这样的：这种基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法，技术特点在于：所述的阶跃压力产生方法是采用高能脉冲激光束，透过耐高压透光窗射入压力腔中，压力腔中的传压介质被高能脉冲激光束加热对压力腔壁产生阶跃压力，该阶跃压力信号压力幅值能达到100兆帕以上，上升沿持续时间小于30纳秒。 The technical scheme of the present invention about the step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulse laser is as follows: the step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulse laser is characterized in that: the step pressure generation method uses high-energy pulse laser The beam is injected into the pressure chamber through the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window, and the pressure transmission medium in the pressure chamber is heated by the high-energy pulsed laser beam to generate a step pressure on the wall of the pressure chamber. The pressure amplitude of the step pressure signal can reach 100 MPa above, the rising edge duration is less than 30 ns.
根据以上所述的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法，技术特点还有：所述的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法是：采用高能脉冲激光器发射高能脉冲激光束，经过耐高压透光窗射入密闭的压力腔中，此时压力腔中被加热的传压介质分子热运动加剧，对压力腔壁产生压力，该压力即为阶跃压力信号，所述的高能脉冲激光束能以很小的能量损耗透过耐高压透光窗射入密闭的压力腔中，压力腔中充满传压介质，此高能脉冲激光束可以加热压力腔中的传压介质，使传压介质的分子热运动加剧，分子热运动加剧在宏观上表现为传压介质的温度升高以及传压介质的压强升高，升高的压强作用在压力腔壁上形成增大的压力，从而产生压力信号上升沿。压力上升到一定幅值之后不再增大，此时由于传压介质的温度保持高温一段时间，同样高压力幅值也保持一段时间，因此整个压力升高并保持的过程形成一个完整的阶跃压力信号。 According to the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser described above, the technical features also include: the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser is: a high-energy pulse laser is used to emit a high-energy pulse laser beam, and after a high-pressure transparent The light window shoots into the airtight pressure chamber. At this time, the thermal motion of the molecules of the heated pressure transmission medium in the pressure chamber intensifies, which generates pressure on the wall of the pressure chamber. The pressure is a step pressure signal. The high-energy pulsed laser beam can With a small energy loss, it is injected into the airtight pressure chamber through the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window. The pressure chamber is filled with the pressure transmission medium. This high-energy pulsed laser beam can heat the pressure transmission medium in the pressure chamber, making the molecules of the pressure transmission medium The intensification of thermal movement, the intensification of molecular thermal movement is manifested in the increase of the temperature of the pressure transmission medium and the increase of the pressure of the pressure transmission medium, and the increased pressure acts on the pressure chamber wall to form an increased pressure, resulting in an increase in the pressure signal along. After the pressure rises to a certain amplitude, it will no longer increase. At this time, since the temperature of the pressure transmission medium remains high for a period of time, the high pressure amplitude also maintains for a period of time, so the entire process of increasing and maintaining the pressure forms a complete step. stress signal.
根据以上所述的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法，详细技术特点还有：a.所述的高能脉冲激光器指标选择单脉冲能量大于10焦耳、单脉冲持续时间小于30纳秒，为保证产生幅值大、上升时间短的阶跃压力信号，选择能够发射单脉冲能量大、脉冲持续时间短的激光器，该激光器型号如是HLS-R40，以单个激光脉冲加热传压介质，因此激光脉冲的特点就保证了阶跃压力信号的特性。b.所述的压力腔的详细结构为球体、或正方体、或长方体，其容积选择0.1立方米~0.5立方米，压力腔的体积以及形状是依据所需产生的压力幅值以及激光器的单脉冲能量而选择的，压力腔的材料选择标准主要是耐高压，压力腔耐压值大于800兆帕。所述的耐高压透光窗的指标选择耐压值大于800兆帕、透光率大于91%，可以在压力腔之上设置多个耐高压透光窗，从而可以实现多个激光器同时从耐高压透光窗照射加热传压介质而获取高幅值的压力信号。c.所述的传压介质是液体，选择甘油、或煤油，其指标：比热容低于2220焦耳/千克·开尔文，液体传压介质可以保证液体各处的压强一致，而液体传压介质对压力腔壁的压力也保持各处一致，选择比热容小的液体是保证在一定的能量之下液体的温度升高值大，由此获取大幅值的阶跃压力值。 According to the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser described above, the detailed technical characteristics also have: a. The high-energy pulse laser index selection single pulse energy is greater than 10 joules, and the single pulse duration is less than 30 nanoseconds, in order to ensure To generate a step pressure signal with large amplitude and short rise time, choose a laser that can emit a single pulse with high energy and short pulse duration. The laser model is HLS-R40, which heats the pressure transmission medium with a single laser pulse, so the laser pulse The characteristics guarantee the characteristics of the step pressure signal. b. The detailed structure of the pressure chamber is a sphere, or a cube, or a cuboid, and its volume is selected from 0.1 cubic meters to 0.5 cubic meters. The volume and shape of the pressure chamber are based on the required pressure amplitude and the single pulse of the laser. The material selection criteria of the pressure chamber is mainly high pressure resistance, and the pressure resistance value of the pressure chamber is greater than 800 MPa. The index of the high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting window is selected with a pressure-resistant value greater than 800 MPa and a light transmittance greater than 91%. A plurality of high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting windows can be set above the pressure chamber, so that multiple lasers can simultaneously transmit from the resistant The high-pressure light-transmitting window irradiates and heats the pressure-transmitting medium to obtain high-amplitude pressure signals. c. said pressure transmission medium is liquid, select glycerin or kerosene, its index: specific heat capacity is lower than 2220 joules/kg · Kelvin, liquid pressure transmission medium can guarantee the pressure of liquid everywhere is consistent, and liquid pressure transmission medium has no effect on pressure The pressure of the cavity wall is also kept consistent everywhere, and the liquid with a small specific heat capacity is selected to ensure that the temperature rise of the liquid is large under a certain amount of energy, thereby obtaining a large step pressure value.
关于基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置的技术方案是这样的：这种基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置，技术特点在于：所述的阶跃压力产生装置包括有高能脉冲激光器及其产生的高能脉冲激光束、压力腔及其上的耐高压透光窗、传压介质、传压介质更换管道、阀门、排气阀，该装置采用高能脉冲激光器发射高能脉冲激光束，经过耐高压透光窗射入密闭的压力腔中，此时压力腔中被加热的传压介质分子热运动加剧，对压力腔壁产生压力，该压力即为阶跃压力信号，所述的阶跃压力信号是传压介质对压力腔壁的压强增大、压力增大，压力增大到一定幅值后不再增加，此时传压介质的温度保持高温一段时间，同样高压力幅值也保持一段时间，整个过程产生一完整的阶跃压力信号。传压介质更换管道与阀门、排气阀在传压介质注入压力腔时配合使用，注入过程是：阀门与排气阀开启，传压介质通过传压介质更换管道注入压力腔，排气阀用于排出此过程中压力腔中的空气，注满时关闭阀门与排气阀；排出过程是：开启排气阀，随后开启阀门，排出传压介质，排空后关闭排气阀及阀门。传压介质更换管道与阀门及排气阀选择要求须能够耐受高压。 The technical scheme of the step pressure generating device based on the high-energy pulse laser is as follows: the technical feature of this step pressure generating device based on the high-energy pulse laser is that the step pressure generating device includes a high-energy pulse laser and its The high-energy pulsed laser beam generated, the pressure chamber and its high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting window, the pressure-transmitting medium, and the pressure-transmitting medium replace the pipe, valve, and exhaust valve. The device uses a high-energy pulsed laser to emit a high-energy pulsed laser beam. The light-transmitting window shoots into the airtight pressure chamber. At this time, the heated pressure-transmitting medium molecules in the pressure chamber intensify the thermal motion and generate pressure on the wall of the pressure chamber. The pressure is a step pressure signal. The step pressure signal It means that the pressure of the pressure transmission medium on the wall of the pressure chamber increases, the pressure increases, and the pressure does not increase after increasing to a certain amplitude. At this time, the temperature of the pressure transmission medium remains high for a period of time, and the high pressure amplitude also maintains for a period of time. , the whole process produces a complete step pressure signal. The pressure transmission medium replacement pipe is used together with the valve and the exhaust valve when the pressure transmission medium is injected into the pressure chamber. The injection process is: the valve and the exhaust valve are opened, and the pressure transmission medium is injected into the pressure chamber through the pressure transmission medium replacement pipe. In the process of discharging the air in the pressure chamber, close the valve and the exhaust valve when it is full; the discharge process is: open the exhaust valve, then open the valve, discharge the pressure transmission medium, and close the exhaust valve and the valve after emptying. The replacement of pressure medium, the selection of pipes, valves and exhaust valves must be able to withstand high pressure.
根据以上所述的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置，详细技术特点还有：a.所述的高能脉冲激光器指标选择单脉冲能量大于10焦耳、单脉冲持续时间小于30纳秒，为保证产生幅值大、上升时间短的阶跃压力信号，选择能够发射单脉冲能量大、脉冲持续时间短的激光器，该激光器型号如是HLS-R40，以单个激光脉冲加热传压介质，因此激光脉冲的特点就保证了阶跃压力信号的特性。b.所述的压力腔的详细结构为球体、或正方体、或长方体，其容积选择0.1立方米~0.5立方米，压力腔的体积以及形状是依据所需产生的压力幅值以及激光器的单脉冲能量而选择的，压力腔的材料选择标准主要是耐高压，压力腔耐压值大于800兆帕。所述的耐高压透光窗的指标选择耐压值大于800兆帕、透光率大于91%，可以在压力腔之上设置多个耐高压透光窗，从而可以实现多个激光器同时从耐高压透光窗照射加热传压介质而获取高幅值的压力信号。c.所述的传压介质是液体，选择甘油、或煤油，其指标：比热容低于2220焦耳/千克·开尔文，液体传压介质可以保证液体各处的压强一致，而液体传压介质对压力腔壁的压力也保持各处一致，选择比热容小的液体是保证在一定的能量之下液体的温度升高值大，由此获取大幅值的阶跃压力值。d.所述的传压介质更换管道前端连接传压介质源、后端连接压力腔，阀门两端分别连接传压介质更换管道；排气阀一端连接在压力腔上，出口连接外界，传压介质更换管道与阀门、排气阀在传压介质注入、排出压力腔时配合使用。 According to the step pressure generating device based on the high-energy pulse laser described above, the detailed technical characteristics also include: a. The high-energy pulse laser index selects a single pulse energy greater than 10 joules and a single pulse duration less than 30 nanoseconds, in order to ensure To generate a step pressure signal with large amplitude and short rise time, choose a laser that can emit a single pulse with high energy and short pulse duration. The laser model is HLS-R40, which heats the pressure transmission medium with a single laser pulse, so the laser pulse The characteristics guarantee the characteristics of the step pressure signal. b. The detailed structure of the pressure chamber is a sphere, or a cube, or a cuboid, and its volume is selected from 0.1 cubic meters to 0.5 cubic meters. The volume and shape of the pressure chamber are based on the required pressure amplitude and the single pulse of the laser. The material selection criteria of the pressure chamber is mainly high pressure resistance, and the pressure resistance value of the pressure chamber is greater than 800 MPa. The index of the high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting window is selected with a pressure-resistant value greater than 800 MPa and a light transmittance greater than 91%. A plurality of high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting windows can be set above the pressure chamber, so that multiple lasers can simultaneously transmit from the resistant The high-pressure light-transmitting window irradiates and heats the pressure-transmitting medium to obtain high-amplitude pressure signals. c. said pressure transmission medium is liquid, select glycerin or kerosene, its index: specific heat capacity is lower than 2220 joules/kg · Kelvin, liquid pressure transmission medium can guarantee the pressure of liquid everywhere is consistent, and liquid pressure transmission medium has no effect on pressure The pressure of the cavity wall is also kept consistent everywhere, and the liquid with a small specific heat capacity is selected to ensure that the temperature rise of the liquid is large under a certain amount of energy, thereby obtaining a large step pressure value. d. The front end of the pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline is connected to the pressure transmission medium source, the rear end is connected to the pressure chamber, the two ends of the valve are respectively connected to the pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline; one end of the exhaust valve is connected to the pressure chamber, the outlet is connected to the outside, and the pressure transmission The medium replacement pipe is used in conjunction with the valve and the exhaust valve when the pressure transmission medium is injected into and discharged from the pressure chamber.
关于基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置的技术方案是这样的：这种基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置，技术特点在于：所述的该动态校准装置包括有高能脉冲激光器及其产生的高能脉冲激光束、压力腔及其上的耐高压透光窗、传压介质、传压介质更换管道、阀门、排气阀、标准压力传感器、被校准压力传感器、温度传感器、信号线缆、数据采集机构。根据公知公用的压力传感器动态校准方法和规定程序进行本发明的压力传感器动态校准：该动态校准装置采用高能脉冲激光器发射高能脉冲激光束，经过耐高压透光窗射入密闭的压力腔中，此时压力腔中被加热的传压介质分子热运动加剧，对压力腔壁产生压力，该压力即为阶跃压力信号。所述的传压介质分子热运动加剧，对压力腔壁的压强增大、压力增大，压力增大到一定幅值后不再增加，此时传压介质的温度保持高温一段时间，同样高压力幅值也保持一段时间，整个过程产生一完整的阶跃压力信号。在压力腔壁外侧分别联接标准压力传感器、被校准压力传感器、温度传感器各信号输入端，用信号线缆分别连接标准压力传感器、被校准压力传感器、温度传感器各信号输出端至数据采集机构，采用输入压力腔壁上的阶跃压力信号，经过标准压力传感器、被校准压力传感器进行测量比对，完成对被校准压力传感器的动态校准。以标准压力传感器输出的压力信号作为输入信号，以被校准压力传感器输出的压力信号作为输出信号，对输入信号与输出信号分别做快速傅里叶变换，将输出信号的快速傅里叶变换结果与输入信号的快速傅里叶变换结果求比值，得到被校准压力传感器的动态传递函数，得到其动态校准结果。传压介质更换管道与阀门、排气阀在传压介质注入压力腔时配合使用，注入过程是：阀门与排气阀开启，传压介质通过传压介质更换管道注入压力腔，排气阀用于排出此过程中压力腔中的空气，注满时关闭阀门与排气阀；排出过程是：开启排气阀，随后开启阀门，排出传压介质，排空后关闭排气阀及阀门。传压介质更换管道与阀门及排气阀选择要求须能够耐受高压压力。 The technical scheme of the dynamic calibration device for pressure sensors formed based on the step pressure generation method of high-energy pulse lasers is as follows: the technical characteristics of the dynamic calibration device for pressure sensors formed by the step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulse lasers are: The dynamic calibration device described includes a high-energy pulsed laser and the high-energy pulsed laser beam it generates, a pressure chamber and a high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window on it, a pressure transmission medium, a pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline, a valve, an exhaust valve, a standard pressure Sensors, calibrated pressure sensors, temperature sensors, signal cables, data acquisition mechanism. The dynamic calibration of the pressure sensor of the present invention is carried out according to the known and public dynamic calibration methods and prescribed procedures of the pressure sensor: the dynamic calibration device uses a high-energy pulse laser to emit a high-energy pulse laser beam, which is injected into the airtight pressure chamber through a high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window. At this time, the thermal motion of the heated pressure transmission medium molecules in the pressure chamber is intensified, and pressure is generated on the wall of the pressure chamber, which is the step pressure signal. The thermal movement of the molecules of the pressure transmission medium intensifies, the pressure on the wall of the pressure chamber increases, the pressure increases, and the pressure does not increase after increasing to a certain amplitude. At this time, the temperature of the pressure transmission medium remains at a high temperature for a period of time. The pressure amplitude is also maintained for a period of time, and a complete step pressure signal is generated during the whole process. Connect the signal input ends of the standard pressure sensor, the calibrated pressure sensor, and the temperature sensor on the outside of the pressure chamber wall, respectively connect the signal output ends of the standard pressure sensor, the calibrated pressure sensor, and the temperature sensor to the data acquisition mechanism with signal cables. Input the step pressure signal on the wall of the pressure chamber, measure and compare the standard pressure sensor and the calibrated pressure sensor, and complete the dynamic calibration of the calibrated pressure sensor. The pressure signal output by the standard pressure sensor is used as the input signal, and the pressure signal output by the calibrated pressure sensor is used as the output signal. Fast Fourier transform is performed on the input signal and the output signal respectively, and the fast Fourier transform result of the output signal is compared with Calculate the ratio of the fast Fourier transform results of the input signal to obtain the dynamic transfer function of the pressure sensor to be calibrated, and obtain its dynamic calibration result. The pressure transmission medium replacement pipe is used together with the valve and the exhaust valve when the pressure transmission medium is injected into the pressure chamber. The injection process is: the valve and the exhaust valve are opened, and the pressure transmission medium is injected into the pressure chamber through the pressure transmission medium replacement pipe. In the process of discharging the air in the pressure chamber, close the valve and the exhaust valve when it is full; the discharge process is: open the exhaust valve, then open the valve, discharge the pressure transmission medium, and close the exhaust valve and the valve after emptying. The pressure transmission medium replacement pipe and valve and the selection of the exhaust valve must be able to withstand high pressure.
根据以上所述的压力传感器动态校准装置，详细技术特点还有：a.所述的高能脉冲激光器指标选择单脉冲能量大于10焦耳、单脉冲持续时间小于30纳秒，为保证产生幅值大、上升时间短的阶跃压力信号，选择能够发射单脉冲能量大、脉冲持续时间短的激光器，该激光器型号如是HLS-R40，以单个激光脉冲加热传压介质，因此激光脉冲的特点就保证了阶跃压力信号的特性。b.所述的压力腔的详细结构为球体、或正方体、或长方体，其容积选择0.1立方米~0.5立方米，压力腔的体积以及形状是依据所需产生的压力幅值以及激光器的单脉冲能量而选择的，压力腔的材料选择标准主要是耐高压，压力腔耐压值大于800兆帕。所述的耐高压透光窗的指标选择耐压值大于800兆帕、透光率大于91%，可以在压力腔之上设置多个耐高压透光窗，从而可以实现多个激光器同时从耐高压透光窗照射加热传压介质而获取高幅值的压力信号。c.所述的传压介质是液体，选择甘油、或煤油，其指标：比热容低于2220焦耳/千克·开尔文，液体传压介质可以保证液体各处的压强一致，而液体传压介质对压力腔壁的压力也保持各处一致，选择比热容小的液体是保证在一定的能量之下液体的温度升高值大，由此获取大幅值的阶跃压力值。d.所述的传压介质更换管道前端连接传压介质源、后端连接压力腔，阀门两端分别连接传压介质更换管道；排气阀一端连接在压力腔上，出口连接外界，传压介质更换管道与阀门、排气阀在传压介质注入、排出压力腔时配合使用。e.所述的标准压力传感器选择压电式压力传感器或压阻式压力传感器，所述的被校准压力传感器是压电式压力传感器或压阻式压力传感器，所述的温度传感器选择铂铑热电偶，温度传感器用于监测在阶跃压力产生过程中传压介质的温度变化。f.所述的数据采集机构选择由计算机与数据采集卡、电荷校准仪，以及操作系统与数据处理软件配套组合结构，计算机与数据采集卡、电荷校准仪作为硬件，操作系统与数据处理软件作为软件，硬件软件结合使用，完成传感器数据的采集、记录、显示及分析，当传感器选择压电式压力传感器时使用电荷校准仪进行信号匹配并送入数据采集卡采集记录，当传感器选择压阻式压力传感器时，输出信号直接送入数据采集卡采集记录。 According to the dynamic calibration device for the pressure sensor described above, the detailed technical features also include: a. The high-energy pulse laser index selects a single pulse energy greater than 10 joules and a single pulse duration less than 30 nanoseconds, in order to ensure that the amplitude is large, For a step pressure signal with a short rise time, choose a laser that can emit a single pulse with high energy and short pulse duration. The laser model is HLS-R40, which heats the pressure transmission medium with a single laser pulse, so the characteristics of the laser pulse ensure the order The characteristics of jump pressure signal. b. The detailed structure of the pressure chamber is a sphere, or a cube, or a cuboid, and its volume is selected from 0.1 cubic meters to 0.5 cubic meters. The volume and shape of the pressure chamber are based on the required pressure amplitude and the single pulse of the laser. The material selection criteria of the pressure chamber is mainly high pressure resistance, and the pressure resistance value of the pressure chamber is greater than 800 MPa. The index of the high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting window is selected with a pressure-resistant value greater than 800 MPa and a light transmittance greater than 91%. A plurality of high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting windows can be set above the pressure chamber, so that multiple lasers can simultaneously transmit from the resistant The high-pressure light-transmitting window irradiates and heats the pressure-transmitting medium to obtain high-amplitude pressure signals. c. said pressure transmission medium is liquid, select glycerin or kerosene, its index: specific heat capacity is lower than 2220 joules/kg · Kelvin, liquid pressure transmission medium can guarantee the pressure of liquid everywhere is consistent, and liquid pressure transmission medium has no effect on pressure The pressure of the cavity wall is also kept consistent everywhere, and the liquid with a small specific heat capacity is selected to ensure that the temperature rise of the liquid is large under a certain amount of energy, thereby obtaining a large step pressure value. d. The front end of the pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline is connected to the pressure transmission medium source, the rear end is connected to the pressure chamber, the two ends of the valve are respectively connected to the pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline; one end of the exhaust valve is connected to the pressure chamber, the outlet is connected to the outside, and the pressure transmission The medium replacement pipe is used in conjunction with the valve and the exhaust valve when the pressure transmission medium is injected into and discharged from the pressure chamber. e. The standard pressure sensor is selected from a piezoelectric pressure sensor or a piezoresistive pressure sensor, the calibrated pressure sensor is a piezoelectric pressure sensor or a piezoresistive pressure sensor, and the temperature sensor is selected from a platinum-rhodium thermoelectric Coupled, the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature change of the pressure transmission medium during the step pressure generation. f. the data acquisition mechanism is selected by computer and data acquisition card, charge calibrator, and operating system and data processing software supporting combination structure, computer and data acquisition card, electric charge calibrator as hardware, operating system and data processing software as Software, hardware and software are used together to complete the collection, recording, display and analysis of sensor data. When the sensor selects a piezoelectric pressure sensor, use a charge calibrator to perform signal matching and send it to the data acquisition card for collection and recording. When the sensor selects piezoresistive pressure sensor When the pressure sensor is used, the output signal is directly sent to the data acquisition card to collect and record.
本发明的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法及其产生装置优点有：1.产生的阶跃压力信号幅值高、上升快，接近理想的阶跃信号；2.阶跃压力产生装置结构灵活，功能可扩展，操作方便。本发明的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置优点有：以此阶跃压力信号对压力传感器进行动态校准，可有较好的效果。这种基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法及其产生装置，以及基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置值得采用和推广。 The step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser of the present invention and its generation device have the following advantages: 1. The step pressure signal amplitude generated is high, rises quickly, and is close to the ideal step signal; 2. The structure of the step pressure generation device Flexible, scalable and easy to operate. The advantages of the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device based on the step pressure generation method of the high-energy pulse laser of the present invention are as follows: dynamic calibration of the pressure sensor with the step pressure signal can have better results. This step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulse laser and its generation device, as well as the dynamic calibration device of pressure sensor formed by the step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulse laser are worth adopting and popularizing.
附图说明 Description of drawings
本发明的说明书附图共有3幅： There are 3 drawings in the description of the present invention:
图1为基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置结构示意图； Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a step pressure generating device based on a high-energy pulsed laser;
图2为基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校 Figure 2 shows the dynamic calibration of the pressure sensor formed by the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulsed laser.
准装置结构示意图； Schematic diagram of quasi-device structure;
图3为阶跃压力信号示意图，图中：纵坐标为压力，单位为兆帕MPa，横 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the step pressure signal, in the figure: the ordinate is the pressure, the unit is MPa, and the abscissa
坐标为时间，单位为微秒μs，p0为传压介质初始压力，p1为高能脉冲激光束 The coordinates are time, the unit is microsecond μs, p0 is the initial pressure of the pressure medium, and p1 is the high-energy pulsed laser beam
加热后传压介质的压力，t0为压力开始上升的时刻，t1为压力初始上升到p1 The pressure of the pressure transmission medium after heating, t0 is the moment when the pressure starts to rise, and t1 is the initial pressure rise to p1
的时刻。 moment.
在各图中采用了统一标号，即同一物件在各图中用同一标号。在各图中：1.高能脉冲激光器；2.高能脉冲激光束；3.压力腔；4.传压介质；5.耐高压透光窗；6.传压介质更换管道；7.阀门；8.排气阀；9.被校准压力传感器；10.标准压力传感器；11.温度传感器；12.信号线缆；13.数据采集机构；14.阶跃压力信号。 A unified reference number is used in each figure, that is, the same object uses the same reference number in each figure. In each figure: 1. High-energy pulsed laser; 2. High-energy pulsed laser beam; 3. Pressure chamber; 4. Pressure transmission medium; .Exhaust valve; 9. Calibrated pressure sensor; 10. Standard pressure sensor; 11. Temperature sensor; 12. Signal cable; 13. Data acquisition mechanism; 14. Step pressure signal.
五.具体实施方式 5. Specific implementation
本发明的实施例有三部分：其一是关于基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法的实施例，其二是关于基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置的实施例，其三是基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置的实施例。 The embodiment of the present invention has three parts: one is about the embodiment of the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser, the other is about the embodiment of the step pressure generation device based on the high-energy pulse laser, and the third is based on the high-energy pulse An embodiment of a pressure sensor dynamic calibration device formed by a step pressure generation method of a laser.
第一部分 关于基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法的非限定实施例如下： Part I Non-limiting examples of methods for generating step pressure based on high-energy pulsed lasers are as follows:
实施例一.基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法 Embodiment 1. Step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulsed laser
该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法可由图1、图3联合示出或说明，参见图1，基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法采用的器具包括有：高能脉冲激光器1及其产生的高能脉冲激光束2、压力腔3及其上的耐高压透光窗5、传压介质4。该例的高能脉冲激光器1选择型号如是HLS-R40，单脉冲能量大于10焦耳、单脉冲持续时间小于30纳秒，该例压力腔3的形状选择长方体，容积0.1立方米，压力腔3耐高压值大于800兆帕，该例压力腔3选择35CrMnSiA钢材料，该例耐高压透光窗5耐高压值大于800兆帕、透光率大于91%，该例耐高压透光窗5选择铝硅玻璃，该例传压介质4选择甘油液体，其指标：比热容低于2220焦耳/千克·开尔文。高能脉冲激光器1发射高能脉冲激光束2，高能脉冲激光束2透过耐高压透光窗5射入压力腔3中，此时高能脉冲激光束2加热压力腔3中的传压介质4，传压介质4的分子热运动加剧，温度升高、压强增大，传压介质4对压力腔3壁产生压力，该压力即为图3所示的阶跃压力信号14，并从压力腔3壁上输出端输出，图3示出一个阶跃压力信号图，该图说明基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法所能产生的较为理想的阶跃压力信号，经过实际测量该例所产生的该阶跃压力信号14压力幅值达110兆帕，阶跃压力上升沿时间为28纳秒。 The step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser in this example can be jointly shown or explained by Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, referring to Fig. 1, the apparatus used in the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser includes: a high-energy pulse laser 1 and its The generated high-energy pulsed laser beam 2, the pressure chamber 3 and the high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting window 5 and the pressure transmission medium 4 thereon. The high-energy pulsed laser 1 of this example chooses the model such as HLS-R40, the single pulse energy is greater than 10 joules, and the single pulse duration is less than 30 nanoseconds. The shape of the pressure chamber 3 in this example is a cuboid with a volume of 0.1 cubic meters. The pressure chamber 3 is resistant to high pressure. The value is greater than 800 MPa, the pressure chamber 3 in this example is made of 35CrMnSiA steel, the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window 5 in this example has a high-pressure resistance value greater than 800 MPa, and the light transmittance is greater than 91%, and the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window 5 in this example chooses aluminum silicon Glass, the pressure transmission medium 4 of this example chooses glycerin liquid, and its index: specific heat capacity is lower than 2220 joules/kg · Kelvin. The high-energy pulse laser 1 emits a high-energy pulse laser beam 2, and the high-energy pulse laser beam 2 is injected into the pressure chamber 3 through the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window 5. At this time, the high-energy pulse laser beam 2 heats the pressure transmission medium 4 in the pressure chamber 3, and the The molecular thermal movement of the pressure medium 4 intensifies, the temperature rises, and the pressure increases. The pressure transmission medium 4 generates pressure on the wall of the pressure chamber 3. This pressure is the step pressure signal 14 shown in FIG. Figure 3 shows a step pressure signal diagram, which illustrates the ideal step pressure signal that can be produced by the step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulsed lasers. The pressure amplitude of the step pressure signal 14 reaches 110 MPa, and the rising edge time of the step pressure is 28 nanoseconds.
实施例二.基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法 Embodiment 2. Step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulsed laser
该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法可由图1、图3联合示出。该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法与实施例一基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法不同点有：1.该例传压介质4选择煤油液体；2.该例压力腔3的形状选择球体，容积0.5立方米；3.压力腔3上设置两个耐高压透光窗5，并采用两台高能脉冲激光器1同时发射高能脉冲激光束2透过两个耐高压透光窗5加热传压介质4；4.该例所产生的阶跃压力信号14实际测量压力幅值达200兆帕，阶跃压力上升沿时间为25纳秒。该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法其余未述的，全同于实施例一.中所述的，不再重述。 The step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser in this example can be jointly shown by Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 . The difference between the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser in this example and the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser in Embodiment 1 is as follows: 1. The pressure transmission medium 4 in this example is kerosene liquid; 2. The pressure chamber 3 in this example The shape is selected as a sphere, with a volume of 0.5 cubic meters; 3. Two high-pressure resistant light-transmitting windows 5 are set on the pressure chamber 3, and two high-energy pulsed lasers 1 are used to simultaneously emit high-energy pulsed laser beams 2 through the two high-pressure resistant light-transmitting windows 5 Heating the pressure transmission medium 4; 4. The actual measured pressure amplitude of the step pressure signal 14 generated in this example reaches 200 MPa, and the rising edge time of the step pressure is 25 nanoseconds. This example is based on the step pressure generation method of a high-energy pulsed laser, and the rest that are not described are the same as those described in Example 1 and will not be repeated.
实施例三.基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法 Embodiment 3. Step pressure generation method based on high-energy pulsed laser
该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法可由图1、图3联合示出。该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法与实施例一、实施例二基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法不同点有：1.该例压力腔3的形状选择正方体，容积0.3立方米；2.压力腔3上设置三个耐高压透光窗5，并采用三台高能脉冲激光器1同时发射高能脉冲激光束2透过三个耐高压透光窗5加热传压介质4；3.该例所产生的阶跃压力信号14实际测量压力幅值达306兆帕，阶跃压力上升沿时间为22纳秒。该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法其余未述的，全同于实施例一、实施例二中所述的，不再重述。 The step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser in this example can be jointly shown by Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 . The difference between the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser in this example and the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is as follows: 1. The shape of the pressure chamber 3 in this example is cube, with a volume of 0.3 cubic meters ; 2. Three high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting windows 5 are set on the pressure chamber 3, and three high-energy pulsed lasers 1 are used to simultaneously emit high-energy pulsed laser beams 2 to heat the pressure-transmitting medium 4 through the three high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting windows 5; 3. The actual measured pressure amplitude of the step pressure signal 14 generated in this example reaches 306 MPa, and the rising edge time of the step pressure is 22 nanoseconds. This example is based on the step pressure generation method of a high-energy pulsed laser, and the rest that are not described are the same as those described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated.
第二部分 关于基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置的非限定实施例如下： Part II Non-limiting examples of step pressure generating devices based on high-energy pulsed lasers are as follows:
实施例一.基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置 Embodiment 1. Step pressure generating device based on high-energy pulsed laser
该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置由图1、图3联合示出或说明，参见图1，基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置包括有：高能脉冲激光器1及其产生的高能脉冲激光束2、压力腔3及其上的耐高压透光窗5、传压介质4、传压介质更换管道6、阀门7、排气阀8。该例的高能脉冲激光器1选择型号如是HLS-R40，单脉冲能量大于10焦耳、单脉冲持续时间小于30纳秒，该例压力腔3的形状选择长方体，容积0.1立方米，压力腔3耐高压值大于800兆帕，该例压力腔3选择35CrMnSiA钢材料，该例耐高压透光窗5耐高压值大于800兆帕、透光率大于91%，该例耐高压透光窗5选择铝硅玻璃，该例传压介质4选择甘油液体，其指标：比热容低于2220焦耳/千克·开尔文。高能脉冲激光器1发射高能脉冲激光束2，高能脉冲激光束2透过耐高压透光窗5射入压力腔3中，此时高能脉冲激光束2加热压力腔3中的传压介质4，传压介质4的分子热运动加剧，温度升高、压强增大，传压介质4对压力腔3壁产生压力，该压力即为图3所示的阶跃压力信号14，并从压力腔3壁上输出端输出，图3示出一个阶跃压力信号图，该图说明基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法所能产生的较为理想的阶跃压力信号。传压介质更换管道6、阀门7与排气阀8在传压介质4注入、排出压力腔3时配合使用，注入过程是：阀门7与排气阀8开启，传压介质4通过传压介质更换管道6注入压力腔3，排气阀8用于排出此过程中压力腔3中的空气，注满时关闭阀门7与排气阀8；排出过程是：开启排气阀8，随后开启阀门7，排出传压介质4，排空后关闭排气阀8及阀门7。传压介质更换管道6选择35CrMnSiA钢材料，阀门7选择35CrMnSiA钢材料，排气阀8选择35CrMnSiA钢材料，传压介质更换管道6、阀门7与排气阀8能够耐受800兆帕高压。该例的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置所产生的阶跃压力信号14实际测量压力幅值达110兆帕，阶跃压力上升沿时间为28纳秒。 This example is based on the step pressure generating device of the high-energy pulse laser by Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is jointly shown or explained, referring to Fig. 1, the step pressure generating device based on the high-energy pulse laser comprises: a high-energy pulse laser 1 and the high-energy generated by it Pulse laser beam 2, pressure chamber 3 and high pressure resistant transparent window 5 on it, pressure transmission medium 4, pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline 6, valve 7, exhaust valve 8. The high-energy pulsed laser 1 of this example chooses the model such as HLS-R40, the single pulse energy is greater than 10 joules, and the single pulse duration is less than 30 nanoseconds. The shape of the pressure chamber 3 in this example is a cuboid with a volume of 0.1 cubic meters. The pressure chamber 3 is resistant to high pressure. The value is greater than 800 MPa, the pressure chamber 3 in this example is made of 35CrMnSiA steel, the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window 5 in this example has a high-pressure resistance value greater than 800 MPa, and the light transmittance is greater than 91%, and the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window 5 in this example chooses aluminum silicon Glass, the pressure transmission medium 4 of this example chooses glycerin liquid, and its index: specific heat capacity is lower than 2220 joules/kg · Kelvin. The high-energy pulse laser 1 emits a high-energy pulse laser beam 2, and the high-energy pulse laser beam 2 is injected into the pressure chamber 3 through the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window 5. At this time, the high-energy pulse laser beam 2 heats the pressure transmission medium 4 in the pressure chamber 3, and the The molecular thermal movement of the pressure medium 4 intensifies, the temperature rises, and the pressure increases. The pressure transmission medium 4 generates pressure on the wall of the pressure chamber 3. This pressure is the step pressure signal 14 shown in FIG. Output from the upper output terminal, Fig. 3 shows a step pressure signal diagram, which illustrates the ideal step pressure signal that can be generated by the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulse laser. The pressure transmission medium replacement pipe 6, valve 7 and exhaust valve 8 are used together when the pressure transmission medium 4 is injected into and discharged from the pressure chamber 3. The injection process is: the valve 7 and the exhaust valve 8 are opened, and the pressure transmission medium 4 passes through the pressure transmission medium. Replace the pipe 6 and inject it into the pressure chamber 3. The exhaust valve 8 is used to discharge the air in the pressure chamber 3 during this process. When it is full, close the valve 7 and the exhaust valve 8; the discharge process is: open the exhaust valve 8, and then open the valve 7. Discharge the pressure transmission medium 4, and close the exhaust valve 8 and valve 7 after emptying. 35CrMnSiA steel material is selected for pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline 6, 35CrMnSiA steel material is selected for valve 7, and 35CrMnSiA steel material is selected for exhaust valve 8, and pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline 6, valve 7 and exhaust valve 8 can withstand a high pressure of 800 MPa. The actual measured pressure amplitude of the step pressure signal 14 generated by the step pressure generating device based on the high-energy pulse laser in this example reaches 110 MPa, and the rise time of the step pressure is 28 nanoseconds.
实施例二.基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置 Embodiment 2. Step pressure generating device based on high-energy pulsed laser
该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置可由图1、图3联合示出。该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置与实施例一基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置不同点有：1.该例传压介质4选择煤油液体；2.该例压力腔3的形状选择球体，容积0.5立方米；3.压力腔3上设置两个耐高压透光窗5，并采用两台高能脉冲激光器1同时发射高能脉冲激光束2透过两个耐高压透光窗5加热传压介质4；4.该例所产生的该阶跃压力信号14实际测量压力幅值达200兆帕，阶跃压力上升沿时间为25纳秒。该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置其余未述的，全同于实施例一.中所述的，不再重述。 This step pressure generating device based on a high-energy pulse laser can be jointly shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 . The difference between the step pressure generating device based on the high-energy pulse laser in this example and the step pressure generating device based on the high-energy pulse laser in Embodiment 1 is as follows: 1. The pressure transmission medium 4 in this example is kerosene liquid; 2. The pressure chamber 3 in this example The shape is selected as a sphere, with a volume of 0.5 cubic meters; 3. Two high-pressure resistant light-transmitting windows 5 are set on the pressure chamber 3, and two high-energy pulsed lasers 1 are used to simultaneously emit high-energy pulsed laser beams 2 through the two high-pressure resistant light-transmitting windows 5 Heating the pressure transmission medium 4; 4. The actual measured pressure amplitude of the step pressure signal 14 generated in this example reaches 200 MPa, and the rising edge time of the step pressure is 25 nanoseconds. This example is based on the high-energy pulse laser step pressure generating device, and the rest that are not described are the same as those described in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated.
实施例三.基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置 Embodiment 3. Step pressure generating device based on high-energy pulsed laser
该例的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置可由图1、图3联合示出。该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置与实施例一、实施例二的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置不同点有：1.该例压力腔3的形状选择正方体，容积0.3立方米；2.压力腔3上设置三个耐高压透光窗5，并采用三台高能脉冲激光器1同时发射高能脉冲激光束2透过三个耐高压透光窗5加热传压介质4；3.该例所产生的该阶跃压力信号14实际测量压力幅值达306兆帕，阶跃压力上升沿时间为22纳秒。该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生装置其余未述的，全同于实施例一、实施例二中所述的，不再重述。 The high-energy pulse laser-based step pressure generating device of this example can be jointly shown by FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 . The difference between the step pressure generating device based on the high-energy pulse laser in this example and the step pressure generating device based on the high-energy pulse laser in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is as follows: 1. The shape of the pressure chamber 3 in this example is cube, with a volume of 0.3 cubic m; 2. Three high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting windows 5 are set on the pressure chamber 3, and three high-energy pulsed lasers 1 are used to simultaneously emit high-energy pulsed laser beams 2 through the three high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting windows 5 to heat the pressure transmission medium 4; 3 . The actual measured pressure amplitude of the step pressure signal 14 generated in this example is 306 MPa, and the rising edge time of the step pressure is 22 nanoseconds. This example is based on the high-energy pulse laser step pressure generating device, and the rest that are not described are the same as those described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated.
第三部分 关于基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置的非限定实施例如下： The third part The non-limiting examples of the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device formed based on the step pressure generation method of the high-energy pulse laser are as follows:
实施例一.基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置 Embodiment 1. A dynamic calibration device for pressure sensors based on the step pressure generation method of high-energy pulsed lasers
该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置由图2、图3联合示出或说明，参见图2，基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置包括有：高能脉冲激光器1及其产生的高能脉冲激光束2、压力腔3及其上的耐高压透光窗5、传压介质4、传压介质更换管道6、阀门7、排气阀8、被校准压力传感器9、标准压力传感器10、温度传感器11、信号线缆12、数据采集机构13。该例的高能脉冲激光器1选择型号如是HLS-R40，单脉冲能量大于10焦耳、单脉冲持续时间小于30纳秒，该例压力腔3的形状选择长方体，容积0.1立方米，压力腔3耐高压值大于800兆帕，该例压力腔3选择35CrMnSiA钢材料，该例耐高压透光窗5耐高压值大于800兆帕、透光率大于91%，该例耐高压透光窗5选择铝硅玻璃，该例传压介质4选择甘油液体，其指标：比热容低于2220焦耳/千克·开尔文。传压介质更换管道6、阀门7与排气阀8在传压介质4注入、排出压力腔3时配合使用，注入过程是：阀门7与排气阀8开启，传压介质4通过传压介质更换管道6注入压力腔3，排气阀8用于排出此过程中压力腔3中的空气，注满时关闭阀门7与排气阀8；排出过程是：开启排气阀8，随后开启阀门7，排出传压介质4，排空后关闭排气阀8及阀门7。传压介质更换管道6选择35CrMnSiA钢材料，阀门7选择35CrMnSiA钢材料，排气阀8选择35CrMnSiA钢材料，传压介质更换管道6、阀门7与排气阀8能够耐受800兆帕高压。根据公知公用的压力传感器动态校准方法和规定程序进行本例的压力传感器动态校准：采用高能脉冲激光器1发射高能脉冲激光束2，高能脉冲激光束2透过耐高压透光窗5射入压力腔3中，此时高能脉冲激光束2加热压力腔3中的传压介质4，传压介质4的分子热运动加剧，温度升高、压强增大，传压介质4对压力腔3壁产生压力，该压力即为图3所示的阶跃压力信号14，并从压力腔3壁上输出端输出，图3示出一个阶跃压力信号图，该图说明基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置所能产生的较为理想的阶跃压力信号。该例的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置所产生的阶跃压力信号14实际测量压力幅值达110兆帕，阶跃压力上升沿时间为28纳秒。该例以被校准压力传感器9、标准压力传感器10、温度传感器11、信号线缆12、数据采集机构13作为传感器动态校准部分，被校准压力传感器9、标准压力传感器10与温度传感器11安装在压力腔3的器壁上，三者的敏感面与传压介质4接触，可以感受到传压介质4在此过程对其产生的压力信号与温度信号，被校准压力传感器9与标准压力传感器10选择压电式压力传感器，温度传感器11选择铂铑热电偶，数据采集机构13选择由计算机与数据采集卡、电荷校准仪，以及操作系统与数据处理软件配套组合结构，计算机与数据采集卡、电荷校准仪作为硬件，操作系统与数据处理软件作为软件，硬件软件结合使用，完成传感器数据的采集、记录、显示及分析。在压力腔3壁外侧分别联接标准压力传感器10、被校准压力传感器9、温度传感器11各信号输入端，用信号线缆12分别连接标准压力传感器10、被校准压力传感器9、温度传感器11各信号输出端至数据采集机构13，采用输入压力腔3壁上的阶跃压力信号14，经过标准压力传感器10、被校准压力传感器9进行测量比对，完成对被校准压力传感器9的动态校准。以标准压力传感器10输出的压力信号作为输入信号，以被校准压力传感器9的输出的压力信号作为输出信号，对输入信号与输出信号分别做快速傅里叶变换，将输出信号的快速傅里叶变换结果与输入信号的快速傅里叶变换结果求比值，得到被校准压力传感器9的动态传递函数，得到其动态校准结果。被校准压力传感器9与标准压力传感器10二者输出信号经过电荷校准仪转换后通过信号线缆12连接到数据采集卡进行采集记录，温度传感器11直接通过信号线缆12连接到数据采集卡进行输出信号采集记录，动态校准结果可以在数据采集机构13所包括的计算机上显示、分析、记录。 The pressure sensor dynamic calibration device formed based on the step pressure generation method of the high-energy pulse laser in this example is jointly shown or explained by Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, referring to Fig. The calibration device includes: a high-energy pulse laser 1 and the high-energy pulse laser beam 2 generated by it, a pressure chamber 3 and a high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window 5 on it, a pressure transmission medium 4, a pressure transmission medium replacement pipe 6, a valve 7, and an exhaust gas Valve 8, calibrated pressure sensor 9, standard pressure sensor 10, temperature sensor 11, signal cable 12, data acquisition mechanism 13. The high-energy pulsed laser 1 of this example chooses the model such as HLS-R40, the single pulse energy is greater than 10 joules, and the single pulse duration is less than 30 nanoseconds. The shape of the pressure chamber 3 in this example is a cuboid with a volume of 0.1 cubic meters. The pressure chamber 3 is resistant to high pressure. The value is greater than 800 MPa, the pressure chamber 3 in this example is made of 35CrMnSiA steel, the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window 5 in this example has a high-pressure resistance value greater than 800 MPa, and the light transmittance is greater than 91%, and the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting window 5 in this example chooses aluminum silicon Glass, the pressure transmission medium 4 of this example chooses glycerin liquid, and its index: specific heat capacity is lower than 2220 joules/kg · Kelvin. The pressure transmission medium replacement pipe 6, valve 7 and exhaust valve 8 are used together when the pressure transmission medium 4 is injected into and discharged from the pressure chamber 3. The injection process is: the valve 7 and the exhaust valve 8 are opened, and the pressure transmission medium 4 passes through the pressure transmission medium. Replace the pipe 6 and inject it into the pressure chamber 3. The exhaust valve 8 is used to discharge the air in the pressure chamber 3 during this process. When it is full, close the valve 7 and the exhaust valve 8; the discharge process is: open the exhaust valve 8, and then open the valve 7. Discharge the pressure transmission medium 4, and close the exhaust valve 8 and valve 7 after emptying. 35CrMnSiA steel material is selected for pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline 6, 35CrMnSiA steel material is selected for valve 7, and 35CrMnSiA steel material is selected for exhaust valve 8, and pressure transmission medium replacement pipeline 6, valve 7 and exhaust valve 8 can withstand a high pressure of 800 MPa. The dynamic calibration of the pressure sensor in this example is performed according to the known and public dynamic calibration methods and prescribed procedures for the pressure sensor: a high-energy pulse laser 1 is used to emit a high-energy pulse laser beam 2, and the high-energy pulse laser beam 2 is injected into the pressure chamber through the high-pressure resistant transparent window 5 3, at this time, the high-energy pulsed laser beam 2 heats the pressure transmission medium 4 in the pressure chamber 3, the molecular thermal motion of the pressure transmission medium 4 intensifies, the temperature rises, and the pressure increases, and the pressure transmission medium 4 exerts pressure on the pressure chamber 3 wall , the pressure is the step pressure signal 14 shown in Figure 3, and is output from the output end on the wall of the pressure chamber 3, Figure 3 shows a step pressure signal diagram, which illustrates the step pressure generation based on the high-energy pulse laser The ideal step pressure signal can be produced by the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device formed by the method. In this example, the step pressure signal 14 generated by the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device based on the step pressure generation method of the high-energy pulsed laser has an actual measured pressure amplitude of 110 MPa, and the rise time of the step pressure is 28 nanoseconds. In this example, the calibrated pressure sensor 9, standard pressure sensor 10, temperature sensor 11, signal cable 12, and data acquisition mechanism 13 are used as the sensor dynamic calibration part, and the calibrated pressure sensor 9, standard pressure sensor 10 and temperature sensor 11 are installed in the pressure On the wall of the cavity 3, the sensitive surfaces of the three are in contact with the pressure transmission medium 4, and the pressure signal and temperature signal generated by the pressure transmission medium 4 in the process can be felt, which is selected by the calibration pressure sensor 9 and the standard pressure sensor 10 Piezoelectric pressure sensor, temperature sensor 11 chooses platinum rhodium thermocouple, data acquisition mechanism 13 chooses a supporting combination structure composed of computer and data acquisition card, charge calibrator, and operating system and data processing software, computer and data acquisition card, charge calibration The instrument is used as hardware, the operating system and data processing software are used as software, and the combination of hardware and software is used to complete the collection, recording, display and analysis of sensor data. Connect the signal input ends of the standard pressure sensor 10, the calibrated pressure sensor 9, and the temperature sensor 11 on the outside of the pressure chamber 3 wall, and connect the signals of the standard pressure sensor 10, the calibrated pressure sensor 9, and the temperature sensor 11 with signal cables 12. The output end is connected to the data acquisition mechanism 13, and the step pressure signal 14 on the wall of the input pressure chamber 3 is used to measure and compare the standard pressure sensor 10 and the calibrated pressure sensor 9 to complete the dynamic calibration of the calibrated pressure sensor 9. The pressure signal output by the standard pressure sensor 10 is used as the input signal, and the pressure signal output by the calibrated pressure sensor 9 is used as the output signal, and the input signal and the output signal are respectively fast Fourier transformed, and the fast Fourier transform of the output signal is Calculate the ratio between the transformation result and the fast Fourier transformation result of the input signal to obtain the dynamic transfer function of the calibrated pressure sensor 9 and obtain its dynamic calibration result. The output signals of the calibrated pressure sensor 9 and the standard pressure sensor 10 are converted by the charge calibrator and connected to the data acquisition card through the signal cable 12 for collection and recording, and the temperature sensor 11 is directly connected to the data acquisition card through the signal cable 12 for output The signal collection record and the dynamic calibration result can be displayed, analyzed and recorded on the computer included in the data collection mechanism 13 .
实施例二.压力传感器动态校准装置 Embodiment 2. Pressure sensor dynamic calibration device
该例基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置由图2、图3联合示出。该例的压力传感器动态校准装置与实施例一的压力传感器动态校准装置不同点有：1.该例传压介质4选择煤油液体；2.该例压力腔3的形状选择球体，容积0.5立方米；3.压力腔3上设置两个耐高压透光窗5，并采用两台高能脉冲激光器1同时发射高能脉冲激光束2透过两个耐高压透光窗5加热传压介质4；4.该例所产生的该阶跃压力信号14实际测量压力幅值达200兆帕，阶跃压力上升沿时间为25纳秒；5.在压力腔3上设置四个传感器安装座；6.安装两个标准压力传感器10，安装一个被校准压力传感器9，安装一个温度传感器11，以两个标准压力传感器10的输出结果的平均值作为被校准压力传感器9的输入信号，由此得到其动态校准结果，可以减小校准误差；7.被校准压力传感器9与两个标准压力传感器10选择压阻式压力传感器，由信号线缆12直接连接被校准压力传感器9、两个标准压力传感器10与温度传感器11的输出端至数据采集卡进行输出信号采集记录。该例的压力传感器动态校准装置其余未述的，全同于实施例一.中所述的，不再重述。 The dynamic calibration device of the pressure sensor formed based on the step pressure generation method of the high-energy pulsed laser in this example is jointly shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 . The difference between the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device of this example and the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device of Embodiment 1 is: 1. The pressure transmission medium 4 of this example is kerosene liquid; 2. The shape of the pressure chamber 3 of this example is a sphere, with a volume of 0.5 cubic meters ; 3. Two high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting windows 5 are set on the pressure chamber 3, and two high-energy pulse lasers 1 are used to simultaneously emit high-energy pulsed laser beams 2 to heat the pressure-transmitting medium 4 through the two high-pressure-resistant light-transmitting windows 5; 4. The actual measured pressure amplitude of the step pressure signal 14 produced by this example reaches 200 MPa, and the rising edge time of the step pressure is 25 nanoseconds; 5. Four sensor mounts are set on the pressure chamber 3; 6. Two sensors are installed A standard pressure sensor 10, install a calibrated pressure sensor 9, install a temperature sensor 11, use the average value of the output results of the two standard pressure sensors 10 as the input signal of the calibrated pressure sensor 9, thus obtain its dynamic calibration result , can reduce the calibration error; 7. The pressure sensor 9 to be calibrated and the two standard pressure sensors 10 choose a piezoresistive pressure sensor, and the signal cable 12 is directly connected to the pressure sensor 9 to be calibrated, the two standard pressure sensors 10 and the temperature sensor 11 to the data acquisition card for output signal acquisition and recording. The rest of the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device in this example is the same as that described in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.
实施例三.压力传感器动态校准装置 Embodiment 3. Pressure sensor dynamic calibration device
该例的基于高能脉冲激光器的阶跃压力产生方法形成的压力传感器动态校准装置可由图2、图3联合示出。该例的压力传感器动态校准装置与实施例一、实施例二的压力传感器动态校准装置不同点有：1.该例压力腔3的形状选择正方体，容积0.3立方米；2.压力腔3上设置三个耐高压透光窗5，并采用三台高能脉冲激光器1同时发射高能脉冲激光束2透过三个耐高压透光窗5加热传压介质4；3.该例所产生的该阶跃压力信号14实际测量压力幅值达306兆帕，阶跃压力上升沿时间为22纳秒；4.安装两个被校准压力传感器9，安装一个标准压力传感器10，安装一个温度传感器11，由此可以同时校准两个被校准压力传感器9。该例的压力传感器动态校准装置其余未述的，全同于实施例一、实施例二中所述的，不再重述。 The dynamic calibration device for the pressure sensor formed by the step pressure generation method based on the high-energy pulsed laser in this example can be jointly shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 . The difference between the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device of this example and the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is: 1. The shape of the pressure chamber 3 in this example is a cube with a volume of 0.3 cubic meters; 2. The pressure chamber 3 is provided with Three high-voltage-resistant light-transmitting windows 5, and three high-energy pulsed lasers 1 are used to simultaneously emit high-energy pulsed laser beams 2 through three high-voltage-resistant light-transmitting windows 5 to heat the pressure transmission medium 4; 3. The step generated in this example The actual measured pressure amplitude of the pressure signal 14 reaches 306 MPa, and the rising edge time of the step pressure is 22 nanoseconds; 4. Install two calibrated pressure sensors 9, install a standard pressure sensor 10, and install a temperature sensor 11, thereby Two calibrated pressure sensors 9 can be calibrated simultaneously. The rest of the pressure sensor dynamic calibration device in this example is the same as that described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.
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Application publication date: 20140924 |