CN104060558A - Improved super-plasticity safety height limiting pole - Google Patents
Improved super-plasticity safety height limiting pole Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104060558A CN104060558A CN201410287050.2A CN201410287050A CN104060558A CN 104060558 A CN104060558 A CN 104060558A CN 201410287050 A CN201410287050 A CN 201410287050A CN 104060558 A CN104060558 A CN 104060558A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- column
- crossbeam
- flank
- base
- hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses an improved super-plasticity safety height limiting pole. The improved super-plasticity safety height limiting pole comprises two upright post foundation bases, two upright posts, two pull rods, one cross beam, one bumper beam and two pull rod foundation bases, wherein the upright post foundation bases and the pull rod foundation bases are fixed to the foundation; the first ends of the upright posts are rotatably connected to the upright post foundation bases, and the second ends of the upright posts are fixedly connected to the cross beam; the pull rods are made of super-plasticity materials, the first ends of the pull rods are rotatably connected to the second ends of the upright posts, and the second ends of the pull rods are rotatably connected to the pull rod foundation bases; the bumper beam is provided with a honeycomb structure and is connected to the cross beam, and the bumper beam faces an incoming vehicle after the bumper beam is installed in place. Through the transformation and energy absorption of the bumper beam and the super-plasticity pull rods, the impacted vehicle is effectively prevented from being damaged, and the driver and passengers of the vehicle are prevented from being injured; moreover, after the vehicle is impacted, only the pull rods and the bumper beam are changed, the changing operation is simple and convenient, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to road safety facility technology field, particularly, relate to a kind of improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar.
Background technology
In road traffic, often need to limit by height limiter the loading height of traffick.As need to limiting headroom, highway, ring road, culvert, bridge etc. ensure traffic safety.Along with the continuous increase of vehicle population, lance Frequent Accidents, occurs that height-limiting bar fracture, car damage phenomenon serious and that due to height-limiting bar fracture, other vehicles and pedestrian are damaged, thereby causes serious property and personnel's loss.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the serious phenomenon of property loss under height-limiting bar in road traffic and vehicle rigid collision, to provide a kind of improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar.
The technical solution used in the present invention comprises:
A kind of improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar, it is characterized in that, comprise two column pedestals, two root posts, two pull bars, a crossbeam, a pilot beam and two lever base, wherein, each column pedestal is fixedly attached to ground, each lever base is also fixedly attached to ground, and two column pedestals and two lever base form quadrilateral structure on ground;
The first end of every root post is connected to a corresponding column pedestal rotationally, and the second end of two root posts is fixedly connected with the two ends of crossbeam respectively; Pull bar adopts superplastic material, and the first end of each pull bar is connected to the second end of a corresponding column rotationally, and the second end of pull bar is connected to a corresponding lever base rotationally; Pilot beam has honeycomb structure, and it is connected to a side of crossbeam, and when being in place, pilot beam is towards head-on sailing next vehicle.
Particularly, column pedestal comprises: the first flat base, on the first flat base, be furnished with equably a plurality of base installing holes, and the first flat base is fixed to ground by the screw being assemblied in the plurality of base installing hole, with column mounting blocks, the bottom surface of column mounting blocks is fixed to the end face of the first flat base, on the end face of column mounting blocks, be formed with rectangle recess, this rectangle recess is divided into the end face of column mounting blocks the first flank and second flank of each interval, and the retaining wall that is connected in the first flank and the second flank end, on the first flank and the second flank, be formed with coaxial installation through hole, and on the bottom surface of rectangle recess, further form the cambered surface of indent, the position of this cambered surface is provided with cylindrical drum corresponding to the first end of the installation through hole column on the first flank and the second flank, cylindrical drum is connected to the first end of column by its sidewall, the middle part of cylindrical drum is the through hole axially connecting, cylindrical drum is installed the through hole at through hole and cylindrical drum middle part on the first flat base the 3rd pin by being arranged in is installed in rotation on column pedestal, and when being in place, the outer peripheral face of cylindrical drum coordinates formation revolute pair with the cambered surface of column pedestal, column can be rotated along clockwise direction around the 3rd pin (3).
Particularly, on the first end of pull bar and the second end, be provided with pin installing hole, the first end of pull bar and the second end are connected to the second end of column and corresponding lever base rotationally by the first pin and the second pin respectively, and the material of pull bar is superplasticity steel.
Particularly, lever base comprises: the second flat base, on the second flat base, be provided with equably a plurality of pedestal installing holes, and lever base is fixed on ground by a plurality of screws that are installed in the plurality of pedestal installing hole; Two projection is installed, two projection being installed is arranged on the second flat base at each interval, and install on projection for two and be provided with coaxial installation through hole, the second end of pull bar is rotatably installed in lever base by pin installing hole and two the second pins that through hole is installed that wear thereon.
Particularly, crossbeam is shaped steel, and the two ends of crossbeam are provided with boss, and two boss are positioned at the same side of crossbeam, and pilot beam is connected by screw on crossbeam and between two boss; The two ends of crossbeam weld together with the second end of two root posts respectively, and, when being in place, crossbeam pilot beam side side is installed towards head-on sailing the vehicle that comes.
Particularly, pilot beam is aluminium honeycomb structure, and the core lattice axis of aluminium honeycomb structure is vertical with the installed surface of pilot beam.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
1. height-limiting bar structure of the present invention can reduce the injury that shock causes vehicle itself effectively, can avoid height-limiting bar fracture occurs when being subject to external impact load and other vehicles or pedestrians are caused to secondary injury.
2. the material due to pull bar is superplasticity steel, pilot beam is aluminium honeycomb structure, therefore, after clashing into, by pull bar and buffering joist support, be subject to most of shock loading, cushion most of impact energy, after shock, can only change pull bar and pilot beam, and need not change the miscellaneous part of height-limiting bar, change easy and simple to handle, with low cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation according to height-limiting bar of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is according to the structural representation of column pedestal of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation according to lever base of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation according to column of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar according to the present invention is further described in detail.
The invention discloses a kind of improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar, in structure of the present invention, because the material of pull bar is superplasticity steel, pilot beam is aluminium honeycomb structure, and the two ends of pull bar are connected to respectively lever base and column rotationally, and one end of column is connected rotationally with the column pedestal on ground, after height-limiting bar is hit, can there is larger plastic strain in the appropriate section of height-limiting bar under impact loading, reduced the damage to vehicle and driver and conductor thereof under rigid collision.The part replacement of height-limiting bar generation plastic strain is convenient, and miscellaneous part can reuse, and uses safety, and it is convenient to change.
Particularly, please refer to Fig. 1, improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar according to the present invention comprises two column pedestals 1, two root posts 2, two pull bars 5, crossbeam 6, pilot beam 7 and two lever base 8.Wherein, each column pedestal 3 is fixedly attached to ground, and each lever base 8 is also fixedly attached to ground, and two column pedestals 3 and two lever base 8 form quadrilateral structure on ground; The first end of every root post 2 is connected to a corresponding column pedestal 1 rotationally, and the second end of two root posts 2 is fixedly connected with the two ends of crossbeam 6 respectively; Pull bar 5 adopts superplastic materials, and the first end of each pull bar 5 is connected to the second end of a corresponding column 2 rotationally, and the second end of pull bar 5 is connected to a corresponding lever base 8 rotationally; Pilot beam 7 has honeycomb structure, and it is connected to a side of crossbeam 6, and when being in place, pilot beam 7 is towards head-on sailing next vehicle.
In preferred embodiment as shown in Figure 1, column pedestal 1 comprises the first flat base 101.On this first flat base 101, be furnished with equably a plurality of base installing holes, the first flat base 101 is fixed on ground by the screw (as adopted fot screw) being assemblied in the plurality of base installing hole.This column pedestal 1 also comprises column mounting blocks 102.The bottom surface of column mounting blocks 102 is fixed to the end face of the first flat base 101.On the end face of column mounting blocks 102, be formed with rectangle recess, this rectangle recess is divided into the end face of column mounting blocks 102 the first flank 103 and second flank 104 of each interval and is connected in the first flank 103 and the retaining wall 105 of the second flank 104 ends.On the first flank 103 and the second flank 104, be formed with coaxial installation through hole 106,106, and on the bottom surface of rectangle recess, further form the cambered surface 107 of indent, the position of this cambered surface 107 is corresponding to the installation through hole 106,106 on the first flank 103 and the second flank 104, for below the cylindrical drum on the column of describing is coordinated.As shown in Figure 2, the first flat base 101 is square block, on its four angles, is furnished with altogether four base installing holes.And the first flank 103 and the second flank 104 are arranged in parallel.
In order to be rotatably connected on column pedestal 1, preferably, column 2 is shaped steel.As shown in Figure 4, the first end at every root post 2 is provided with cylindrical drum 201.Cylindrical drum 201 is connected to the first end of column 2 by its sidewall, the middle part of cylindrical drum 201 is the through hole 202 axially connecting, cylindrical drum 201 is installed through hole 106 by being arranged on the first flat base 101,106 and the 3rd pin 3 of the through hole 202 at cylindrical drum 201 middle parts be installed in rotation on column pedestal 1, and when being in place, the outer peripheral face of cylindrical drum 201 coordinates formation revolute pair with the cambered surface 107 of column pedestal 1.Thus, column 2 just can be rotatably connected on column pedestal 1.So arrange, when being subject to clashing into, column can only rotate facing one direction, that is, the direction of advancing towards vehicle is rotated, and for this reason, when installing, should make the direction (or claiming clockwise direction) that column 2 can advance towards vehicle after being impacted rotate.In addition, the rotational angle of column 2 is determined by the deformation extent of the suffered shock loading of height-limiting bar and pilot beam 7, pull bar 5.
On the first end of pull bar 5 and the second end, be provided with pin installing hole, the first end of pull bar 5 and the second end are connected to the second end of column 2 and corresponding lever base 8 rotationally by the first pin 4 and the second pin 9 respectively, and the material of pull bar 5 is superplasticity steel.For this reason, those skilled in the art can understand, and are also correspondingly provided with pin installing hole on the second end of every root post 2.In addition, the two ends of pull bar 5 should be carried out part and be strengthened, and the sectional area of reinforced region is the more than 2 times of non-reinforced region sectional area.
For pull bar being rotatably connected in lever base 8, as shown in Figure 3, in this preferred embodiment, lever base 8 comprises: the second square flat base 801, on four angles of the second flat base 801, be provided with equably 4 pedestal installing holes, lever base 8 is fixed on ground by the fot screw being installed in these 4 pedestal installing holes; Two projection 802,803 is installed, two projection 802,803 being installed is fixed on the second flat base 801 at each interval, and install on projection 802,803 for two and be provided with coaxial installation through hole 804,805, the second end of pull bar 5 is rotatably installed in lever base 8 by pin installing hole and two the second pins 9 that through hole 804,805 is installed that are arranged on its second end.It should be noted that, the type of attachment of the two ends of crossbeam 6 and two root posts 2 is not limited to welding.
In this preferred embodiment, pilot beam 7 is aluminium honeycomb structure, and the core lattice axis of aluminium honeycomb structure is vertical with the installed surface of pilot beam 7.Corresponding those skilled in the art is well known that, for pilot beam 7 is connected by screw to crossbeam 6, need to be in aluminium honeycomb structure the embedded part of preset connection use, the known technology means that honeycomb structure embedded part is this area, do not repeat at this.
Above-mentioned fot screw, screw connect and are welded to connect the known technology into those skilled in the art.
When occurring to clash into, vehicle directly contacts with pilot beam 7, leans on the plastic strain of the aluminium honeycomb structure of pilot beam 7 to carry out impact-absorbing load, effectively reduces the extent of damage of vehicle.Increasing along with pilot beam 7 distortion, load passes to two pull bars 5 and two root posts 2 by the crossbeam 6 being connected with pilot beam 7, the direction (clockwise direction) that two root posts 2 are advanced along vehicle around the axis of the 3rd pin 3 is rotated, there is stretching plastic deformation in two pull bars 5, thereby further absorbs residue shock loading.
Above-mentioned pull bar 5 is superplastic material, and its elongation per unit length is greater than 50%, after being subject to hitting load, larger plastic strain can occur, and has the ability of good impact energy absorb.
Occur, after violent shock, can unclamp the attachment screw of pilot beam 7 and crossbeam 6, be directly replaced by new pilot beam 7, pull out the first pin 4 and the second pin 9, shift column 2 onto vertical position, the pull bar 5 more renewing, has completed the recovery after violent shock.Other parts are still reusable.Recover convenient, cost is lower.
At this, it should be noted that, the content of not describing in detail in this manual, is that description and the prior art that those skilled in the art pass through in this manual can realize, and therefore, does not repeat.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not used for limiting the scope of the invention.For a person skilled in the art, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can make some modifications and replacement to the present invention, within all such modifications and replacement all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar, it is characterized in that, comprise two column pedestals (1), two root posts (2), two pull bars (5), a crossbeam (6), a pilot beam (7) and two lever base (8), wherein
Each column pedestal (3) is fixedly attached to ground, and each lever base (8) is also fixedly attached to ground, and two column pedestals (3) and two lever base (8) form quadrilateral structure on ground;
The first end of every root post (2) is connected to a corresponding column pedestal (1) rotationally, and the second end of two root posts (2) is fixedly connected with the two ends of crossbeam (6) respectively;
Pull bar (5) adopts superplastic material, and the first end of each pull bar (5) is connected to the second end of a corresponding column (2) rotationally, and the second end of pull bar (5) is connected to a corresponding lever base (8) rotationally;
Pilot beam (7) has honeycomb structure, and it is connected to a side of crossbeam (6), and when being in place, pilot beam (7) is towards head-on sailing next vehicle.
2. improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described column pedestal (1) comprising: the first flat base (101), the first flat base is furnished with a plurality of base installing holes on (101) equably, and the first flat base (101) is fixed to ground by the screw being assemblied in the plurality of base installing hole, with column mounting blocks (102), the bottom surface of column mounting blocks (102) is fixed to the end face of the first flat base (101), on the end face of column mounting blocks (102), be formed with rectangle recess, this rectangle recess is divided into the end face of column mounting blocks (102) the first flank (103) and second flank (104) of each interval, and the retaining wall (105) that is connected in the first flank (103) and the second flank (104) end, on the first flank (103) and the second flank (104), be formed with coaxial installation through hole (106, 106), and on the bottom surface of rectangle recess, further form the cambered surface (107) of indent, the position of this cambered surface (107) is corresponding to the installation through hole (106 on the first flank (103) and the second flank (104), 106),
The first end of column (2) is provided with cylindrical drum (201), cylindrical drum (201) is connected to the first end of column (2) by its sidewall, the middle part of cylindrical drum (201) is the through hole (202) axially connecting, cylindrical drum (201) is by being arranged in the upper through hole (106 of installing of the first flat base (101), 106) the 3rd pin (3) of the through hole (202) and in the middle part of cylindrical drum (201) is installed in rotation on column pedestal (1), and when being in place, the outer peripheral face of cylindrical drum (201) coordinates formation revolute pair with the cambered surface (107) of column pedestal (1), column (2) can be rotated along clockwise direction around the 3rd pin (3).
3. improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
On the first end of pull bar (5) and the second end, be provided with pin installing hole, the first end of pull bar (5) and the second end are connected to the second end of column (2) and corresponding lever base (8) rotationally by the first pin (4) and the second pin (9) respectively, and the material of pull bar (5) is superplasticity steel.
4. improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, lever base (8) comprising:
The second flat base (801), is provided with a plurality of pedestal installing holes equably on the second flat base (801), lever base (8) is fixed on ground by a plurality of screws that are installed in the plurality of pedestal installing hole;
Two projection (802 is installed, 803), two projection (802 is installed, 803) be arranged at each interval on the second flat base (801), and install on projection (802,803) for two and be provided with coaxial installation through hole (804,805), the second end of pull bar (5) is rotatably installed in lever base (8) by pin installing hole and two the second pins (9) that through hole (804,805) is installed that wear thereon.
5. improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, crossbeam (6) is shaped steel, the two ends of crossbeam (6) are provided with boss (601,602), and two boss (601,602) be positioned at the same side of crossbeam (6), pilot beam (7) is connected by screw at crossbeam (6) and goes up and be positioned between two boss (601,602); The two ends of crossbeam (6) weld together with the second end of two root posts (2) respectively, and, when being in place, crossbeam (6) pilot beam (7) side side is installed towards head-on sailing the vehicle that comes.
6. improved superplasticity safety height-limiting bar as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, pilot beam (7) is aluminium honeycomb structure, and the core lattice axis of aluminium honeycomb structure is vertical with the installed surface of pilot beam (7).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410287050.2A CN104060558B (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2014-06-24 | A kind of superplasticity safety height-limiting bar of improvement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410287050.2A CN104060558B (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2014-06-24 | A kind of superplasticity safety height-limiting bar of improvement |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104060558A true CN104060558A (en) | 2014-09-24 |
| CN104060558B CN104060558B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
Family
ID=51548473
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410287050.2A Active CN104060558B (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2014-06-24 | A kind of superplasticity safety height-limiting bar of improvement |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104060558B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104376719A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-02-25 | 国家电网公司 | Mobile infrared electronic height limiter for substations |
| CN106638366A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 山东大学 | Intelligent height-limiting device and method for interchange with buffering function |
| CN107815987A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-20 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of energy-absorbing height-limiting frame |
| CN111350144A (en) * | 2020-03-29 | 2020-06-30 | 华中科技大学 | Energy dissipation and height limiting frame made of composite material |
| CN111608108A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-01 | 李睿 | Adjustable road and bridge height limiting device |
| CN112267395A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-26 | 温州融宸科技有限公司 | Anticollision damage-proof road limit for height frame |
| CN112695667A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-23 | 温州厚德机械装备有限公司 | Height limiting device for road and bridge |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4372536A (en) * | 1981-03-06 | 1983-02-08 | Trafcon, Inc. | Traffic barricade |
| CN202416751U (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-09-05 | 孙长娟 | Road height-limiting device |
| CN203080445U (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-07-24 | 烟台职业学院 | Road safety height limiting support |
| CN203530884U (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-04-09 | 河北前进机械厂 | Intelligent road height limit rack |
-
2014
- 2014-06-24 CN CN201410287050.2A patent/CN104060558B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4372536A (en) * | 1981-03-06 | 1983-02-08 | Trafcon, Inc. | Traffic barricade |
| CN202416751U (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-09-05 | 孙长娟 | Road height-limiting device |
| CN203080445U (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-07-24 | 烟台职业学院 | Road safety height limiting support |
| CN203530884U (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-04-09 | 河北前进机械厂 | Intelligent road height limit rack |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104376719A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-02-25 | 国家电网公司 | Mobile infrared electronic height limiter for substations |
| CN106638366A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 山东大学 | Intelligent height-limiting device and method for interchange with buffering function |
| CN107815987A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-20 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of energy-absorbing height-limiting frame |
| CN111350144A (en) * | 2020-03-29 | 2020-06-30 | 华中科技大学 | Energy dissipation and height limiting frame made of composite material |
| CN111608108A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-01 | 李睿 | Adjustable road and bridge height limiting device |
| CN112267395A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-26 | 温州融宸科技有限公司 | Anticollision damage-proof road limit for height frame |
| CN112695667A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-23 | 温州厚德机械装备有限公司 | Height limiting device for road and bridge |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104060558B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104060558B (en) | A kind of superplasticity safety height-limiting bar of improvement | |
| CN103993567B (en) | A kind of road traffic combined type crash bearer of energy-absorbing and construction method thereof | |
| CN104652316A (en) | Safety height limiting rod | |
| CN210420967U (en) | Buffer type highway safety device | |
| CN209907192U (en) | Bridge buffer stop | |
| CN208827756U (en) | Buffer and anticollision buffer vehicle | |
| CN111101458A (en) | Height limiting protection frame with energy absorption and buffering functions | |
| CN104088235B (en) | A kind of superplasticity safety height-limiting bar | |
| CN109083493A (en) | Municipal works safety device and its installation method | |
| CN203049500U (en) | Expressway guardrail with good anti-collision performance | |
| CN201459632U (en) | Road height-limiting bracket | |
| CN103568999B (en) | A kind of collision energy-absorbing device and there is the car body of this device | |
| CN203420245U (en) | Flexible road guardrail with double-layer transversely-placed energy-absorbing elements | |
| CN105256745A (en) | Anti-collision cushion | |
| CN203066006U (en) | Junked tire energy dissipation crash bearer | |
| CN208965450U (en) | A kind of road height-limiting frame reducing collision damage | |
| CN103437309B (en) | A kind of fence unit and guardrail | |
| CN202099760U (en) | Rotary height limit frame | |
| CN210368765U (en) | Guardrail for road isolation | |
| CN211665645U (en) | Isolation guardrail for middle of highway | |
| CN204641636U (en) | A kind of automobile buffer beam | |
| CN203755205U (en) | Anti-collision three-stage energy absorption guard bar device | |
| CN203049498U (en) | Expressway guardrail with good anti-collision performance | |
| CN202322132U (en) | Crane and protection device for preventing backward tilting of arm support of crane | |
| CN104404903A (en) | Collision-prevention device for preventing ultrahigh vehicle from colliding bridge |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |