CN104051785B - A kind of borine electrolyte and preparation method thereof and a kind of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
A kind of borine electrolyte and preparation method thereof and a kind of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN104051785B CN104051785B CN201410287081.8A CN201410287081A CN104051785B CN 104051785 B CN104051785 B CN 104051785B CN 201410287081 A CN201410287081 A CN 201410287081A CN 104051785 B CN104051785 B CN 104051785B
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- borine
- carbonate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of borine electrolyte and preparation method thereof and a kind of lithium ion battery, electrolyte mainly comprises: organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and additive, organic solvent is more than one compositions of cyclic carbonate solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and linear solvent, does is electric conducting lithium salt concentration in organic solvent 0.8-1.5? mol/L, the consumption of additive is the 0.1-10.0% of organic solvent weight, and additive is boranes compound.Electrolyte can be had precedence at the electrode surface of battery after with the addition of above-mentioned additive in electrolyte to react formation interfacial film; improve electrode/electrolyte interfacial property; suppress electrolyte in the oxidation of electrode material surface or reduction decomposition; improve the compatibility of electrolyte and electrode; and transition metal can be reduced from the stripping positive pole; suppress the deposition of transition metal on negative pole and reduction, guard electrode material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery preparation field, be specifically related to a kind of borine electrolyte and preparation method thereof, and a kind of lithium ion battery adopting this electrolyte to prepare.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has been successfully applied in the portable type electronic products such as mobile phone, digital camera and notebook computer because of advantages such as its specific energy are high, have extended cycle life.But, along with the technological progress of electronic product and people are to the concern of electrokinetic cell, more and more higher requirement is proposed to the performance of lithium ion battery.In recent years, the exploitation of high working voltage (being greater than 4.2V) lithium ion battery receives the concern of extensive researcher.But lithium ion battery is under high working voltage, and organic electrolyte easily oxidation Decomposition occurs, and on nickeliferous positive electrode, the oxidation behavior of electrolyte can aggravate further, causes the decay of battery cycle life thus.Meanwhile, the stripping of transition metal and the deposition on negative pole also can worsen battery performance.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes is one of critical material of lithium ion battery.Electrolyte conventional is at present by electric conducting lithium salt LiPF
6be dissolved in organic carbonate.Researcher finds when developing lithium-ion battery electrolytes, a small amount of Cucumber is added in organic electrolyte, just significantly can improve some performance of battery as the conductivity of electrolyte, the cycle efficieny of battery and reversible capacity etc., these a small amount of materials are referred to as additive.The feature that additive has " consumption little, instant effect ", is not substantially increasing on the basis of battery cost, just significantly can improve some performance of battery, and simple to operate, and additive can directly join in basic electrolyte.Therefore, electrolysis additive is an important research direction of improving performance of lithium ion battery method in recent years.Current people also mainly adopt the method for additive when developing the electrolyte matched with high-voltage lithium ion batteries.As LiBOB, thiophene, biphenyl and nitrile organic substance etc.These materials, mainly by improving electrode/electrolyte interfacial property, suppressing the decomposition of electrolyte, reducing interface impedance, improving the performance of lithium ion battery.In addition, the electric conducting lithium salt LiPF of organic electrolyte
6thermal stability poor, produce lewis acid PF being heated under (~ 60 DEG C) condition easily to decompose
5, can react with solvent further, worsen battery performance.Meanwhile, lithium-ion battery electrolytes, in actual production and application, cannot be avoided introducing micro-moisture and impurity, and electric conducting lithium salt LiPF
6to water sensitive, easily react with it, affect the cycle performance of battery.Researcher suppresses the decomposition of electrolyte by adding stabilizer in the electrolytic solution, as the people such as G.Schroeder (Electrochem.Commun.8 (2006) 523) find, add three (2 in the electrolytic solution, 2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite ester (TTFP) can catch lewis acid PF
5, improve the stability of electrolyte.
The multiple requirement of exploitation demand fulfillment of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, as cycle life, discharge capacity, efficiency for charge-discharge, high-temperature storage and circulation, low temperature discharge etc.Current commercial electrolyte liquid, in order to reach various requirement, needs to add multicomponent additive to improve.But complicated electrolyte component adds production cost on the one hand, too increase the uncertainty of electrolyte application on the other hand.
Summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of borine electrolyte and preparation method thereof, and prepared borine electrolyte at positive electrode surface, oxidation preferentially occurs and forms interfacial film, suppresses the oxidation of organic carbonate on electrode, reduces electrode/electrolyte interface impedance.Can electrolyte be stablized adding of additive simultaneously, be conducive to the inflatable of the cycle life of raising lithium ion battery, high temperature, high voltage capability and suppression battery.
Another object of the present invention is to a kind of lithium ion battery providing above-mentioned borine electrolyte to prepare.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of borine electrolyte, comprise organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and additive, wherein: described organic solvent elects more than one of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate as, described additive is more than one in three (dimethylamino) borine, two (dimethylamino) borine bromine, dichloro (diisopropylaminoethyl) borine or structural formula (I), and described structural formula (I) is as follows:
R
1-R
4for the thiazolinyl of the alkyl of hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 and haloalkyl thereof, C1-C4, alkoxyl, carboxyl, phenyl ring, halogeno-benzene functional group any one, n is 1.
Described electric conducting lithium salt concentration is in organic solvent 0.8-1.5mol/L.
The consumption of described additive is the 0.1-10.0% of organic solvent weight.
Cyclic carbonate in described organic solvent is more than one in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton and gamma-valerolactone.
Linear carbonate in described organic solvent is dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, more than one in ethyl acetate, methyl propyl carbonate.
Described electric conducting lithium salt is LiPF
6, LiBF
4, LiSO
3cF
3, Li (CF
3sO
2)
2n, LiC (CF
3sO
2)
3in more than one.
Described electrolyte also comprises typical additives, described typical additives is more than one in vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, propane sultone, butyl sultone, adiponitrile, succinonitrile, LiBOB, LiODFB, and described typical additives accounts for the 0.1-5.0% of borine electrolyte gross mass.
A kind of preparation method of electrolyte:
(1) organic solvent is mixed rear use in proportion
molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride clarification, to dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, electric conducting lithium salt is dissolved in above-mentioned organic solvent, and stirs;
(3) add typical additives, and stir; Described typical additives is more than one in vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, propane sultone, butyl sultone, adiponitrile, succinonitrile, LiBOB, LiODFB;
(4) add in three (dimethylamino) borine, two (dimethylamino) borine bromine, dichloro (diisopropylaminoethyl) borine or structural formula (I) more than one, obtained above-described borine electrolyte.
A kind of lithium ion battery, comprises positive electrode active materials, negative active core-shell material, barrier film and borine electrolyte of the present invention, and wherein: positive electrode active materials is a kind of lithium-containing transition metal oxide, positive electrode active materials is more than one of following material: LiCoO
2, LiNiO
2, LiMnO
2, LiMn
2o
4, Li (Ni
aco
bmn
c) O
2(0<a<1,0<b<1,0<c<1, a+b+c=1), LiNi
1-dco
do
2, LiCo
1-dmn
do
2, LiNi
1-dmn
do
2(0≤d<1), Li (Ni
eco
fmn
g) O
4(0<e<2,0<f<2,0<g<2, e+f+g=2), LiMn
2-zni
zo
4, LiMn
2-zco
zo
4(0<z<2), LiM
x(PO
4)
y(M is Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Ti, V, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤5);
Negative active core-shell material be can embed/deviate from the material with carbon element of lithium ion, lithium metal, silicon or tin and oxide thereof more than one; Barrier film be nonwoven fabrics, synthetic resin micro-porous film any one.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) add additive thienyl isocyanate compound, by Molecular-orbital approach, there is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level lower than carbonic ester electrolyte and the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of Geng Gao.
(2) additive thienyl isocyanate compound can have precedence over electrolyte at the electrode surface of battery and to react formation interfacial film, improve electrode/electrolyte interfacial property, suppress electrolyte in the oxidation of electrode material surface or reduction decomposition, improve the compatibility of electrolyte and electrode.
(3) transition metal can be reduced from the stripping positive pole, suppress the deposition of transition metal on negative pole and reduction, guard electrode material.The electrolyte prepared by above method is conducive to the inflatable improving the cycle life of lithium ion battery, high temperature high voltage capability and suppress battery.
Embodiment
Below by exemplary embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated; But scope of the present invention should not be limited to the scope of embodiment, any do not depart from purport of the present invention change or change and can be understood by those skilled in the art, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, mainly comprise following raw material: organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and additive, described organic solvent is made up of cyclic carbonate solvents (ethylene carbonate EC) and linear carbonate solvent (diethyl carbonate DEC), the weight ratio of EC and DEC is EC:DEC=1:2, described electric conducting lithium salt LiPF
6concentration is in organic solvent 0.8mol/L, described typical additives is the vinylene carbonate of 1wt.% consumption, described additive is three (dimethylamino) borine, and consumption is the 2wt.% of organic solvent weight, and the chemical formula of described additive is as follows:
The compound method of electrolyte is:
(1) organic solvent is mixed rear use in proportion
molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride clarification,
Dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, electric conducting lithium salt is dissolved in above-mentioned organic solvent, and stirs;
(3) add typical additives vinylene carbonate, and stir.
(4) add additive three (dimethylamino) borine, obtain high-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte described in the present embodiment.
High-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte of the present invention is used for cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery, the cycle performance of test cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery 3.0-4.4V, 1C rate charge-discharge under normal temperature environment.
Embodiment 2
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, mainly comprise following raw material: organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and additive, described organic solvent is made up of cyclic carbonate solvents (ethylene carbonate EC) and linear carbonate solvent (diethyl carbonate DEC), the weight ratio of EC and DEC is EC:DEC=1:2, described electric conducting lithium salt LiPF
6concentration is in organic solvent 1.0mol/L, described typical additives is the vinylene carbonate of 2.0wt.% consumption, described additive is three (dimethylamino) borine, and consumption is the 2wt.% of organic solvent weight, and the chemical formula of described additive is as follows:
The compound method of electrolyte is:
(1) organic solvent is mixed rear use in proportion
molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride clarification, to dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, electric conducting lithium salt is dissolved in above-mentioned organic solvent, and stirs;
(3) add typical additives vinylene carbonate, and stir.
(4) add additive three (dimethylamino) borine, obtain high-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte described in the present embodiment.
High-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte of the present invention is used for cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery, the cycle performance of test cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery 3.0-4.4V, 1C rate charge-discharge under 55 DEG C of environment.
Embodiment 3
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, mainly comprise following raw material: organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and additive, described organic solvent is made up of cyclic carbonate solvents (ethylene carbonate EC) and linear carbonate solvent (methyl ethyl carbonate EMC), the weight ratio of EC and EMC is EC:EMC=1:2, described electric conducting lithium salt LiPF
6concentration is in organic solvent 1.0mol/L, described typical additives is the vinylene carbonate of 1wt.% consumption, described additive is two (dimethylamino) borine bromines, and consumption is the 2wt.% of organic solvent weight, and the chemical formula of described additive is as follows:
The compound method of electrolyte is:
(1) organic solvent is mixed rear use in proportion
molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride clarification, to dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, electric conducting lithium salt is dissolved in above-mentioned organic solvent, and stirs;
(3) add typical additives vinylene carbonate, and stir.
(4) add two (dimethylamino) borine bromine of additive, obtain high-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte described in the present embodiment.
High-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte of the present invention is used for cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery, the cycle performance of test cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery 3.0-4.35V, 1C rate charge-discharge under normal temperature environment.
Embodiment 4
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, mainly comprise following raw material: organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and additive, described organic solvent is made up of cyclic carbonate solvents (ethylene carbonate EC) and linear carbonate solvent (methyl ethyl carbonate EMC and diethyl carbonate DEC), the weight ratio of EC, EMC, DEC is EC:EMC:DEC=1:1:1, described electric conducting lithium salt LiPF
6concentration is in organic solvent 1.0mol/L, described typical additives is the vinylene carbonate of 1wt.% consumption, described additive is dichloro (diisopropylaminoethyl) borine, and consumption is the 2wt.% of organic solvent weight, and the chemical formula of described additive is as follows:
The compound method of electrolyte is:
(1) organic solvent is mixed rear use in proportion
molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride clarification, to dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, electric conducting lithium salt is dissolved in above-mentioned organic solvent, and stirs;
(3) add typical additives vinylene carbonate, and stir.
(4) add additive dichloro (diisopropylaminoethyl) borine, obtain high-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte described in the present embodiment.
High-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte of the present invention is used for cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery, the cycle performance of test cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery 3.0-4.4V, 1C rate charge-discharge under normal temperature environment.
Comparative example 1
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of this comparative example, mainly comprises following raw material: organic solvent (weight ratio of ethylene carbonate EC and diethyl carbonate DEC, EC and DEC is EC:DEC=1:2), electric conducting lithium salt LiPF
6concentration is in organic solvent 1.0mol/L, and described typical additives is the vinylene carbonate of 1wt.% consumption.This lithium-ion battery electrolytes is used for cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery, the cycle performance of test cobalt acid lithium/graphite flexible-packed battery 3.0-4.4V, 1C rate charge-discharge under normal temperature environment.
Application experiment embodiment
1. Molecular-orbital approach:
Highest occupied molecular orbital energy (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (LUMO) of molecule use Gaussian03 program package, B3LYP level is optimized propene carbonate (PC), the geometric configuration of ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and additive, base group used is 6-311+G (d), calculates each atomic charge density, bond distance in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of solvent molecule and additive and molecular structure.Some numerical results is see table 1.
The advanced linear orbital energy of table 1. organic solvent molecule and additive
| LUMO energy(eV) | HOMO energy(eV) | |
| Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) | 0.0786 | -8.2149 |
| Methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) | 0.0702 | -8.1025 |
| Propene carbonate (PC) | -0.3045 | -8.3667 |
| Ethylene carbonate (EC) | -0.2773 | -8.4687 |
| Three (dimethylamino) borine | -0.0871 | -5.6278 |
2. charge-discharge test condition:
In order to measure the battery charging and discharging performance of the electrolyte using the present invention to obtain, carry out following operation: conventionally prepare lithium cobaltate cathode sheet, graphite cathode sheet, using embodiment to prepare electrolyte fluid injection in glove box uses above-mentioned pole piece to prepare 053048 type flexible-packed battery, carry out charge-discharge test with the 053048 type battery of new prestige (BS-9300R type) battery test system to preparation, the battery simultaneously prepared with comparative example electrolyte compares.Battery circulates with 1C charge-discharge magnification in the scope of voltage 3.0-4.35V and 3.0-4.4V.
Table 2 is test results of embodiment:
Can obviously be found out by above data, on the impact of capacity of lithium ion battery conservation rate obviously, the present invention adopts borane compound to have outstanding advantage as electrolysis additive to additive.
Below be only illustrating for possible embodiments of the present invention, but this embodiment be not used to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, allly do not depart from the equivalence that thinking of the present invention does and implement or change, all should be contained in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a borine electrolyte, comprise organic solvent, electric conducting lithium salt and additive, wherein: described organic solvent elects more than one of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate as, described additive is more than one in three (dimethylamino) borine, two (dimethylamino) borine bromine, dichloro (diisopropylaminoethyl) borine or structural formula (I), and described structural formula (I) is as follows:
R
1-R
4for the thiazolinyl of the alkyl of hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 and haloalkyl thereof, C1-C4, alkoxyl, carboxyl, phenyl ring, halogeno-benzene functional group any one, n is 1.
2. borine electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: described electric conducting lithium salt concentration is in organic solvent 0.8-1.5mol/L.
3. borine electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: the consumption of described additive is the 0.1-10.0% of organic solvent weight.
4. borine electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: the cyclic carbonate in described organic solvent is more than one in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton and gamma-valerolactone.
5. borine electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: the linear carbonate in described organic solvent is dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, more than one in ethyl acetate, methyl propyl carbonate.
6. borine electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: described electric conducting lithium salt is LiPF
6, LiBF
4, LiSO
3cF
3, Li (CF
3sO
2)
2n, LiC (CF
3sO
2)
3in more than one.
7. borine electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: described electrolyte also comprises typical additives, described typical additives is more than one in vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, propane sultone, butyl sultone, adiponitrile, succinonitrile, LiBOB, LiODFB, and described typical additives accounts for the 0.1-5.0% of borine electrolyte gross mass.
8. the preparation method of the borine electrolyte described in an any one of claim 1-7:
(1) organic solvent is mixed rear use in proportion
molecular sieve, calcium hydride, lithium hydride clarification, to dewater;
(2) at ambient temperature, electric conducting lithium salt is dissolved in above-mentioned organic solvent, and stirs;
(3) add typical additives, and stir; Described typical additives is more than one in vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, propane sultone, butyl sultone, adiponitrile, succinonitrile, LiBOB, LiODFB;
(4) add in three (dimethylamino) borine, two (dimethylamino) borine bromine, dichloro (diisopropylaminoethyl) borine or structural formula (I) more than one, obtained borine electrolyte, described structural formula (I) is as follows:
R
1-R
4for the thiazolinyl of the alkyl of hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 and haloalkyl thereof, C1-C4, alkoxyl, carboxyl, phenyl ring, halogeno-benzene functional group any one, n is 1.
9. a lithium ion battery, comprise positive electrode active materials, negative active core-shell material, barrier film and the borine electrolyte described in any one of claim 1-7, wherein: positive electrode active materials is a kind of lithium-containing transition metal oxide, negative active core-shell material be can embed/deviate from the material with carbon element of lithium ion, lithium metal, silicon or tin and oxide thereof more than one; Barrier film be nonwoven fabrics, synthetic resin micro-porous film any one.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| US20070077496A1 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-05 | Medtronic, Inc. | Lithium-ion battery |
| JP5034537B2 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2012-09-26 | ソニー株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same |
| US8304118B2 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2012-11-06 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolyte solution for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same |
| TWI497792B (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2015-08-21 | Taiwan Hopax Chems Mfg Co Ltd | Electrolyte for electrochemical device and the electrochemical device thereof |
| CN102403535A (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2012-04-04 | 香河昆仑化学制品有限公司 | Non-water electrolyte for high-voltage lithium ion battery and preparation method |
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Address after: 523000 Guangdong province Dongguan city Dongguan Ecological Industrial Park Xingye Road Patentee after: Dongguan City Kai Xin battery material Co., Ltd Address before: 523000 Guangdong province Dongguan City Chashan Town Ecological Industrial Park Industrial Road Patentee before: Dongguan City Kai Xin battery material Co., Ltd |
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