CN104048902A - Method for measuring particle size distribution and content of globular oxide inclusions in steel - Google Patents
Method for measuring particle size distribution and content of globular oxide inclusions in steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for rapidly measuring the particle size distribution and the content of globular oxide inclusions in steel by use of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy principle. The method can rapidly represent the particle size distribution and the content of globular oxide inclusions in steel and can evaluate the cleanliness of a steel and iron material. The analysis process comprises the steps of preparing samples; determining a sample labeled zone; analyzing the relative distribution of the globular oxide inclusions by use of a SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDS (electronic data switching); creating the calibration curve of globular oxide inclusions; determining the relative distribution of the particle size of the globular oxide inclusions in the analysis sample by use of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; grading the globular oxide inclusions; measuring the content of the globular oxide inclusions. The method has the advantages of high analysis speed, large scanning area and no limitation of the electrical conductivity of the sample, can measure the particle size distribution of globular oxide inclusions in steel, evaluate the grades of the inclusions, and also can obtain the information of the content of the inclusions while acquiring the particle size distribution of the inclusions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the surperficial micro-region analysis technique field in material science, relate in particular to and a kind ofly adopt globular oxide inclusion size in Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Fast Measurement steel to distribute and the characterizing method of content, thereby cleanliness factor and performance thereof to Steel material are evaluated.
Background technology
In steel, the size of globular oxide inclusion, distribution and content thereof have important impact to the performance of ferrous materials, for sheet material, bearing steel, heavy rail steel etc., directly affect its fatigue lifetime and other performance; Direct its overlay coating quality that affects for automotive sheet; For high chrome alloy steel, globular oxide inclusion affects its surface smoothness; Globular oxide inclusion too high levels in molten steel, can make molten steel flow reduce, and causes nozzle clogging, impact operation.
In steel, traditional characterizing method of globular oxide inclusion size size-grade distribution has SEM and EDS (scanning electron microscope is furnished with energy spectrometer), EPMA (electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)) and metallography microscope observation, the shortcoming of these methods is that sample pre-treatments is very loaded down with trivial details, non electrically conductive material need spray carbon or metal spraying processing, analysis speed is slow, the region that these methods are observed is very little, if viewing area is too small, its grain size statistics distributes and can not represent real granularity of inclusions distribution situation in material, for metallography microscope observation, the type of its snotter need be judged according to experience, there is the possibility of erroneous judgement.
In existing analysis steel, the method for globular oxide inclusion content has wet-way analysis and single spark discharge atomic emission spectrometry, the shortcoming of wet-way analysis is that sample pre-treatments is very loaded down with trivial details, analytical cycle is long, be not suitable for on-the-spot sample analysis, the content of globular oxide inclusion in single spark discharge Atomic Emission Spectral Analysis steel, its shortcoming is that collecting sample capacity is little, in addition, the size of spark discharge spot has determined the less sample of very difficult analysis size.
Conventionally traditional method adopts respectively the diverse two kinds of methods of principle to the sign of globular oxide inclusion size-grade distribution and content in steel, the present invention adopts a kind of method to characterize two kinds of parameters, simultaneously, also can provide the information of globular oxide inclusion content aspect providing information aspect globular oxide inclusion size-grade distribution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy that adopts to measure that globular oxide inclusion size in steel distributes and the method for content, need not be to sample dissolution, can be used for fast the distribution of globular oxide inclusion size and content in steel being analyzed.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Measuring that globular oxide inclusion size in steel distributes and a method for content, is to adopt Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, and the method comprises the steps:
A) sample preparation;
B) mark Sample Scan excitation area;
C) adopt SEM and EDS methods analyst globular oxide inclusion number and Relative Size to distribute;
D), according to above-mentioned SEM and EDS statistic analysis result and Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy scan-data, set up the calibration curve of globular oxide inclusion granularity;
E) adopt the Relative Size of globular oxide inclusion in Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy working sample to distribute;
F) globular oxide inclusion is graded;
G) content of mensuration globular oxide inclusion.
Step a) in, sample cuts according to the size of laser induced breakdown spectrograph sample box;
While setting up granularity calibration curve, the sample after cutting through rough polishing and fine polishing operation by sample surfaces polishing;
For sample to be analyzed, with direct scanning analysis after sand papering.
Step b) in, do several square marks regions at sample surfaces after treatment by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, the large I of marked region is determined according to the size of sample surfaces.
Step c) in, the globular oxide inclusion size size of marked region is carried out to statistical study by SEM and EDS method, and calculate the viewing area total area, ablated area accounts for total snotter number in the ratio of total inspection area and marked region, and obtains globular oxide inclusion size distribution plan.
Steps d) in, by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to marked region scanning analysis, sample is positioned in sample chamber, by observing camera mobile example platform, the start position of position to be excited and marked region is coincided, in software, analytical approach is set to face scan mode, and its scan area is consistent with the area of marked region, laser ablation scanning excites and forms multiple excitation area that are made up of the shot point not overlapping, each position, region has obtained excitation signal, excited sample forms high-temperature plasma, the element that is excited is got back in ground state process and is discharged characteristic spectral line by excited state, these spectral line mixed lights pass through grating beam splitting, form monochromatic light, receive and convert to electric signal by photomultiplier, form again digital signal, thereby obtain signal intensity corresponding to all substances, wherein abnormal signal intensity number is the ratio that total snotter number × ablated area accounts for total inspection area, by abnormal signal sequence successively from big to small, suppose that granularity of inclusions size is larger, its signal intensity is larger, the relative distribution of different granularity of inclusions sizes recording with EDS according to SEM, calculate the number of abnormal signal corresponding to different grain size size, thereby draw the corresponding signal intensity of particle mean size size, be of a size of horizontal ordinate with particle mean size, corresponding mean intensity is that ordinate is set up globular oxide inclusion granularity calibration curve.
Step e) in, according to set up granularity calibration curve, calculate different grain size size globular oxide inclusion corresponding intensity, add up different globular oxide inclusion sizes and relatively distribute.
Step f) in, all data that gather are converted into the form of data matrix, (corresponding area is as 0.5mm taking 7 × 7
2) data matrix be moving window, in this moving window, add up respectively the number of 3～8 μ m and 8-13 μ m globular oxide inclusion according to set up granularity calibration curve, and according in all moving windows in the maximum globular oxide inclusion number of this grain size intervals, treat respectively grading region and carry out the evaluation of thin system and thick system.
Step g) in, a set of standard steel iron sample that contains globular oxide inclusion is carried out to Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy scanning analysis, all data after collection are respectively with blanketing fctor K=2,2.5 and 3 carry out iteration, after each iteration, all data that are greater than threshold intensity deduct mean intensity sum as the clean intensity sum of globular oxide inclusion, as ordinate, set up globular oxide inclusion content calibration curve taking globular oxide inclusion content as horizontal ordinate, testing sample is analyzed.
The method distributes and content for the size of measuring steel globular oxide inclusion.
The key distinction of this method and existing analytical approach shows:
1, compare with traditional SEM and EDS (scanning electron microscope is furnished with energy spectrometer), EPMA (electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)) and metallography microscope method, Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy globular oxide inclusion size in to steel distributes while sign, only need to set up granularity calibration curve time, sample is carried out to polishing, and treat analytic sample, only need be with direct scanning analysis after sand papering, sample preparation speed is fast.
2, compare with traditional SEM and EDS, EPMA and metallography microscope method, Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy can be carried out large-area scanning, can large area the distribution of statistics testing sample globular oxide inclusion size, thereby size distribution situation that more can real embodiment sample reality, and the observed region of SEM and EDS, EPMA and metallography microscope method is very little, need to add up a large amount of visual fields could characterize the size-grade distribution of globular oxide inclusion in sample.
3, compare with EDS and EPMA with traditional SEM, when the distributional analysis of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy element in to material characterizes, not only can carry out scanning analysis to conductive material, but also can carry out scanning analysis to non-conducting material, its range of application is more extensive than classical SEM and EDS and EPMA.
4, compare with traditional wet-way analysis method, without sample is dissolved, Direct Analysis after only need polishing to sample with sand paper, analysis speed is fast, owing to having avoided the molten sample process of wet method, therefore reduce the possibility that sample is stain, improve accuracy of analysis, compare with single spark discharge Atomic Emission Spectral Analysis, single spark discharge is in fixed position, sample size is little, in addition, Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy is in providing globular oxide inclusion content, the Two dimensional Distribution of element also can be provided, being distributed with one and understanding in depth globular oxide inclusion in steel.
5, traditional method adopts respectively the diverse two kinds of methods of principle to the sign of globular oxide inclusion size-grade distribution and content in steel conventionally, the present invention adopts a kind of method to characterize it, simultaneously, also can provide the information of globular oxide inclusion content aspect providing information aspect globular oxide inclusion size-grade distribution.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
With existing method comparison, the present invention distributes to globular oxide inclusion size in steel and the sign advantage of content is that sample pre-treatments is simple, analysis speed fast and scan area scope is large, thereby the needs that can meet quick on-the-spot sample analysis instruct smelting process in time.In addition, Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy not only can be carried out scanning analysis to the material of conduction, but also can carry out scanning analysis to non-conductive material, and its range of application is more extensive than SEM and EDS and EPMA.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention adopts SEM and EDS to characterize marked region Al
2o
3the relative distribution plan of granularity of inclusions size.
Fig. 2 is the Al that the present invention adopts Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to set up
2o
3granularity of inclusions calibration graph.
The Al that Fig. 3 SEM and EDS and Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy are added up
2o
3granularity of inclusions Size Distribution comparison diagram.
Fig. 4 Al
2o
3inclusion content calibration curve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Enforcement of the present invention must application Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy scanning analysis instrument, and this instrument is by Q-switch Nd:YAG laser instrument, form based on Paschen-Runge light path configuration spectrometer, sample chamber that can argon-filled protection gas, five parts such as three-dimensional stepper motor and pulse delay generator that drive sample to move.
Laser excitation sample forms high-temperature plasma, the element that is excited is got back in ground state process and is discharged characteristic spectral line by excited state, and these spectral line mixed lights, by grating beam splitting, form monochromatic light, receive and convert to electric signal by photomultiplier, then form digital signal.Pulse delay generator, for controlling the collection of light signal, in the time that signal-to-background ratio is best, starts integration and gathers light signal.
Embodiments step is as follows:
A) sample preparation: sample cuts according to the size of laser induced breakdown spectrograph sample box, the sample after cutting through rough polishing and fine polishing operation by sample surfaces polishing;
B) determining of sample marked region: the sample surfaces by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy after polishing does several square marks regions, the large I of marked region is determined according to the size of sample surfaces;
C) adopting SEM and EDS to analyze globular oxide inclusion Relative Size distributes: the globular oxide inclusion size size distribution of marked region is carried out to statistical study with SEM and EDS, and calculate the viewing area total area, ablated area accounts for total snotter number in the ratio of total inspection area and marked region, and obtains globular oxide inclusion size distribution plan;
D) foundation of globular oxide inclusion granularity calibration curve: marked region is scanned with laser induced breakdown spectrograph, sample is positioned in sample chamber, by observing camera mobile example platform, the start position of position to be excited and marked region is coincided, in software, analytical approach is set to face scan mode, and its scan area is consistent with the area of marked region, laser ablation scanning excites and forms multiple excitation area that are made up of the shot point not overlapping, and each position, region has obtained excitation signal, excited sample forms high-temperature plasma, the element that is excited is got back in ground state process and is discharged characteristic spectral line by excited state, these spectral line mixed lights pass through grating beam splitting, form monochromatic light, receive and convert to electric signal by photomultiplier, form again digital signal, thereby obtain signal intensity corresponding to all substances, wherein abnormal signal intensity number is the ratio that total snotter number × ablated area accounts for total inspection area, by abnormal signal sequence successively from big to small, suppose that granularity of inclusions size is larger, its signal intensity is larger, the relative distribution of different globular oxide inclusion sizes recording with EDS according to SEM, calculate the number of abnormal signal corresponding to different grain size size, thereby draw the corresponding signal intensity of particle mean size size, be of a size of horizontal ordinate with particle mean size, corresponding mean intensity is that ordinate is set up globular oxide inclusion granularity calibration curve,
E) Relative Size that adopts Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to measure globular oxide inclusion distributes: according to set up granularity calibration curve, add up respectively the corresponding intensity of different grain size size globular oxide inclusion, contrast all signal intensities according to corresponding intensity and draw different grain size size globular oxide inclusion number, relatively distribute thereby add up different globular oxide inclusion sizes;
F) grading of globular oxide inclusion: treat grading region and carry out Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy scanning analysis, the all data that gather are converted into the form of data matrix, data matrix taking 7 × 7 is moving window, in this moving window, add up respectively the number of 3～8 μ m and 8-13 μ m globular oxide inclusion according to set up granularity calibration curve, and according in all moving windows in the maximum globular oxide inclusion number of this grain size intervals, treat respectively according to the grading figure in " the bioassay standard grading figure microexamination method of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel content " national standard appendix A the region of grading and carry out thin system and the thick evaluation that is,
G) mensuration of globular oxide inclusion content: a set of standard steel iron sample that contains globular oxide inclusion is carried out to Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy scanning analysis, all data after collection are respectively with blanketing fctor K=2, 2.5 and 3 carry out iteration, after determining the threshold intensity of distinguishing non-globular oxide inclusion and globular oxide inclusion, the all data that are greater than threshold intensity deduct mean intensity and sue for peace as the clean intensity sum of globular oxide inclusion, using this as ordinate, corresponding globular oxide inclusion content is that horizontal ordinate is set up content calibration curve, determine the calibration curve of sample to be analyzed with the linearly dependent coefficient after each iteration, select the good calibration curve of linearly dependent coefficient to analyze testing sample.
Embodiment (Al in trade mark GCr15 bearing steel
2o
3granularity of inclusions Size Distribution and content be characterized by example)
The present embodiment with Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to Al in trade mark GCr15 bearing steel
2o
3the sign of granularity of inclusions Size Distribution and content describes.
Al
2o
3the sign of granularity of inclusions Size Distribution
A) sample preparation: trade mark GCr15 bearing steel sample cuts according to the size of laser induced breakdown spectrograph sample box, the sample after cutting through rough polishing and fine polishing operation by sample surfaces polishing;
B) determining of sample marked region: the sample surfaces by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy after polishing does 6 square marks regions, and the size of marked region is 3 × 3mm
2;
C) adopt SEM and EDS to analyze Al
2o
3granularity of inclusions distributes relatively: with SEM and the Al of EDS to GCr15 bearing steel marked region
2o
3granularity of inclusions size is carried out statistical study.SEM and the EDS viewing area total area are 54mm by statistics
2, ablated area accounts for 57% of viewing area, all Al in marked region
2o
3the number of snotter is 327, and its Relative Size is distributed as: the Al that is less than 1 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 30.3%, 1-3 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 48.6%, 3-5 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 13.8%, 5-7 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 2.7%, 7-9 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 2.7%, 9-11 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for 1.9%, and it relatively distributes and see accompanying drawing 1;
D) Al
2o
3the foundation of granularity of inclusions calibration curve: marked region is scanned with laser induced breakdown spectrograph, stepper motor step pitch is 100 μ m along X and Y-direction step pitch, obtain 5766 signal intensities, wherein abnormal signal intensity number is 327 × 57%=186, by abnormal signal sequence successively from big to small, suppose Al
2o
3granularity of inclusions size is larger, and its signal intensity is larger, the different al recording according to SEM and EDS
2o
3granularity of inclusions size distributes relatively, calculates abnormal signal number corresponding to different grain size size, thereby draws the corresponding signal intensity of particle mean size size, is of a size of horizontal ordinate with particle mean size, and corresponding mean intensity is that ordinate is set up Al
2o
3granularity of inclusions calibration curve, is shown in accompanying drawing 2;
E) adopt Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to measure Al
2o
3the Relative Size of snotter distributes: according to set up granularity calibration curve, calculate respectively region different grain size size Al to be analyzed
2o
3the corresponding intensity of snotter, thereby statistics different al
2o
3granularity of inclusions size distributes relatively, and its Relative Size is distributed as: the Al that is less than 1 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 28.1%, 1-3 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 53.2%, 3-5 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 10.9%, 5-7 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 3.1%, 7-9 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for the Al of 3.1%, 9-11 μ m
2o
3snotter accounts for 1.6%, the Al being added up by induced with laser scanning optical spectrum
2o
3the size-grade distribution of granularity of inclusions Size Distribution and SEM and EDS statistics gained is shown in accompanying drawing 3, and from accompanying drawing 3, induced with laser scanning spectrometer is to Al
2o
3it is better that the sign that granularity of inclusions distributes and SEM and EDS coincide;
F) Al
2o
3the grading of snotter: treat all data of analyzed area and be converted into the form of data matrix, statistics 3～8 μ m and 8～13 μ m Al taking 7 × 7 data matrixes as moving window
2o
3snotter number, the by statistics Al of 3～8 μ m in moving window
2o
3the number that snotter is maximum is 8, and thin system can be chosen as 1.0 grades, 8～13 μ m Al in moving window
2o
3the number that snotter is maximum is 3, and thick system can be chosen as 0.5 grade, with metallography microscope rating result (being carefully 1.0 grades, is slightly 0.5 grade) coincide better.
Al
2o
3the sign of inclusion content
To being numbered GSBH40078-94 and SS457-SS460 standard model carries out Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy line scanning, data after collection are used respectively K=2,2.5 and carry out iteration at 3 o'clock using this as threshold intensity, all data that are greater than threshold intensity deduct mean intensity summation (clean intensity sum), taking clean intensity sum as ordinate, spherical Al
2o
3inclusion content is that horizontal ordinate is set up calibration curve, selects the good content calibration curve of linear dependence to analyze testing sample, Al
2o
3inclusion content calibration curve is shown in accompanying drawing 4;
On this calibration curve basis, to being numbered 106#, 111#, three slab actual samples such as 117# carry out Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy line scanning, its measured value is respectively 0.003% (chemical fixed value method 0.002%), 0.005% (chemical fixed value method 0.006%) and 0.002% (chemical fixed value method 0.001%), with chemical determination value coincide better.
The advantage of the method is, providing in steel in globular oxide inclusion size-grade distribution, also can provide the information of globular oxide inclusion content aspect.
Claims (9)
1. measuring that globular oxide inclusion size in steel distributes and a method for content, is to adopt Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
A) sample preparation;
B) mark Sample Scan excitation area;
C) adopt SEM and EDS methods analyst globular oxide inclusion number and Relative Size to distribute;
D), according to above-mentioned SEM and EDS statistic analysis result and Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy scan-data, set up the calibration curve of globular oxide inclusion granularity;
E) adopt the Relative Size of globular oxide inclusion in Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy working sample to distribute;
F) globular oxide inclusion is graded;
G) content of mensuration globular oxide inclusion.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that,
Step a) in, sample cuts according to the size of laser induced breakdown spectrograph sample box;
While setting up granularity calibration curve, the sample after cutting through rough polishing and fine polishing operation by sample surfaces polishing;
For sample to be analyzed, with direct scanning analysis after sand papering.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that,
Step b) in, do several square marks regions at sample surfaces after treatment by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, the large I of marked region is determined according to the size of sample surfaces.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that,
Step c) in, the globular oxide inclusion size size of marked region is carried out to statistical study by SEM and EDS method, and calculate the viewing area total area, ablated area accounts for total snotter number in the ratio of total inspection area and marked region, and obtains globular oxide inclusion size distribution plan.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that,
Steps d) in, by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to marked region scanning analysis, sample is positioned in sample chamber, by observing camera mobile example platform, the start position of position to be excited and marked region is coincided, in software, analytical approach is set to face scan mode, and its scan area is consistent with the area of marked region, laser ablation scanning excites and forms multiple excitation area that are made up of the shot point not overlapping, each position, region has obtained excitation signal, excited sample forms high-temperature plasma, the element that is excited is got back in ground state process and is discharged characteristic spectral line by excited state, these spectral line mixed lights pass through grating beam splitting, form monochromatic light, receive and convert to electric signal by photomultiplier, form again digital signal, thereby obtain signal intensity corresponding to all substances, wherein abnormal signal intensity number is the ratio that total snotter number × ablated area accounts for total inspection area, by abnormal signal sequence successively from big to small, suppose that granularity of inclusions size is larger, its signal intensity is larger, the relative distribution of different granularity of inclusions sizes recording with EDS according to SEM, calculate the number of abnormal signal corresponding to different grain size size, thereby draw the corresponding signal intensity of particle mean size size, be of a size of horizontal ordinate with particle mean size, corresponding mean intensity is that ordinate is set up globular oxide inclusion granularity calibration curve.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that,
Step e) in, according to set up granularity calibration curve, calculate different grain size size globular oxide inclusion corresponding intensity, add up different globular oxide inclusion sizes and relatively distribute.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that,
Step f) in, all data that gather are converted into the form of data matrix, (corresponding area is as 0.5mm taking 7 × 7
2) data matrix be moving window, in this moving window, add up respectively the number of 3～8 μ m and 8-13 μ m globular oxide inclusion according to set up granularity calibration curve, and according in all moving windows in the maximum globular oxide inclusion number of this grain size intervals, treat respectively grading region and carry out the evaluation of thin system and thick system.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that,
Step g) in, a set of standard steel iron sample that contains globular oxide inclusion is carried out to Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy scanning analysis, all data after collection are respectively with blanketing fctor K=2,2.5 and 3 carry out iteration, after each iteration, all data that are greater than threshold intensity deduct mean intensity sum as the clean intensity sum of globular oxide inclusion, as ordinate, set up globular oxide inclusion content calibration curve taking globular oxide inclusion content as horizontal ordinate, testing sample is analyzed.
9. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that,
The method distributes and content for the size of measuring steel globular oxide inclusion.
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| CN106908436B (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2019-06-28 | 钢研纳克检测技术股份有限公司 | The analysis ranking method of manganese sulfide type impurity in steel based on calibration curve |
| CN108072747A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-05-25 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of high temperature alloy is mingled with area quantitative evaluation method |
| CN108072747B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-05-19 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Quantitative estimation method for inclusion area of high-temperature alloy |
| CN108593649A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-09-28 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of method of qualitative and quantitative test analysis steel inclusion |
| CN109030462A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-18 | 钢研纳克检测技术股份有限公司 | Different type inclusion area and the quantitatively characterizing method of content in a kind of steel |
| CN109883904A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-14 | 清华大学 | A method of it is distributed using non-metallic inclusion in electrolysis method characterization large-scale steel ingot |
| CN111829992A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-27 | Fei 公司 | Method and system for inclusion analysis |
| CN111829992B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2024-05-28 | Fei公司 | Method and system for inclusion analysis |
| CN112255149A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Method and system for detecting particle size of loose particle accumulation and storage medium |
| CN112255149B (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2022-07-05 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Method and system for detecting particle size of loose particle accumulation and storage medium |
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