CN104048828A - Dynamic stiffness research experiment table and measuring method for high-speed ball screw pair - Google Patents
Dynamic stiffness research experiment table and measuring method for high-speed ball screw pair Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic stiffness research experiment table and a measuring method for a high-speed ball screw pair. The experiment table is formed by assembling a work table, a motor installation base, a motor, a coupler, a left bearing base, a mass block, a screw, a nut, a nut base, a connection block, a sliding block, a guide rail, a cushion block, a linear grating ruler, a measurement block, a radial displacement sensor, a radial displacement sensor fixing block and a right bearing base, is simple in structure, and can measure the dynamic stiffness of the ball screw pair in the high-speed running process and the dynamic stiffness of the ball screw pair under the condition that the nut is located at different positions. The measuring method is easy to operate. The existing mature technology circuit latching method is adopted so that the values measured by the linear grating ruler and the values measured by the radial displacement sensor can be conveniently sampled synchronously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device of field of measuring technique, more particularly, relate to a kind of dynamic Stiffness experiment table of high-speed precision ball screw pair.
Background technology
Ball screw assembly, is the critical component that is widely used in feed system.But follow improving constantly of ball screw assembly, speed, its vibration problem is all the more outstanding, have a strong impact on positioning precision and the precision hold facility of feed system, become the major obstacle of numerically-controlled machine and various automation equipment high speed and high precision development.Dynamic stability and the Oscillation Amplitude of the dynamic stiffness of ball screw assembly, to feed system has material impact.Known according to existing theoretical and experimental study, the radial and axial dynamic stiffness of ball screw assembly, is comparatively remarkable on the impact of ball-screw secondary undulation.Meanwhile, from experimental study, the amplitude of radial vibration is usually greater than axial direction, the flexural deformation that the principal mode of ball screw assembly, former rank vibration is radial direction.Therefore, radially theoretical research and the experiment measuring of dynamic stiffness is significant for ball screw assembly.
The proving installation of ball screw assembly, rigidity of the prior art can only be measured quiet rigidity, just the rigidity value of ball screw assembly, under stationary state can only be measured as the patent publication No. Chinese invention patent that is CN103018104A and the patent publication No. Chinese invention patent that is CN102944472A, the rigidity value of the lower precise ball screw pair that runs up can not be measured.The Chinese invention patent that and for example patent publication No. is CN103217288A can be measured some dynamic parameter of ball screw assembly, under different rotating speeds, but can not measure the dynamic stiffness of ball screw assembly.Therefore be badly in need of realizing the radially experiment table of dynamic stiffness measurement of ball screw assembly, in running up.
In addition, except the rotating speed of ball screw assembly,, in ball screw assembly,, the residing position of nut is also to affect the radially key factor of dynamic stiffness of ball screw assembly.Referring to Fig. 2, movement by analysis nut is known on the impact of ball screw assembly, proper vibration, along with the variation of nut location, first three rank natural frequency all changes to some extent, but between them, there is no clear and definite relation, although first natural frequency is with change in location first increases and then decreases, second-order natural frequency diminishes gradually, the 3rd rank irregular following.This variation phenomenon at least can illustrate that nut has served as the role of movable support, and its variation, means the variation of whole vibrational system structure, therefore the natural mode of vibration to vibrational system and frequency all have a significant effect.Therefore the radially experiment table of dynamic stiffness measurement of ball screw assembly, while being also badly in need of realizing nut diverse location of living in.
Summary of the invention
1. the technical matters that invention will solve
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that does not have the experiment table of measuring ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness in prior art, a kind of dynamic Stiffness experiment table and measuring method of high-speed ball screw pair are provided, adopt technical scheme of the present invention, can realize in different rotating speeds situation,, the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness, also can realize under rotating speed fixation case when at nut same position of living in the place, when at nut diverse location of living in the place, the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness; And then can be used for the checking of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness theoretical research, also can be for the important engineering problem such as raising, the prolongation in serviceable life of the vibration damping noise suppression of ball screw assembly,, reliability provides theoretical foundation, more can for development of new at a high speed, high-precision and low noise series of balls lead screw pair product provides theoretical direction.
2. technical scheme
For achieving the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
The dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, comprise worktable, motor mount, motor, shaft coupling, nut seat, nut, radial displacement transducer fixed block, slide block, guide rail and cushion block, described motor is fixedly mounted on worktable by motor mount; On described worktable, be fixed with left shaft holder and right bearing seat; Between described left shaft holder and right bearing seat, cross-under has leading screw, and the left end of this leading screw is connected by shaft coupling and above-mentioned motor mutually through after left shaft holder, and the right-hand member cross-under of leading screw is on right bearing seat; On described leading screw, be arranged with the mass for setting-up eccentricity quality near in a side of left shaft holder; On described leading screw, be arranged with measurement piece near in right bearing seat one side; The radial direction of described measurement piece is provided with the radial displacement transducer being arranged on radial displacement transducer fixed block, and this radial displacement transducer contacts with measurement piece; Described leading screw is connected with the nut rolling being arranged on nut seat; On described nut seat, be arranged with contiguous block; Described contiguous block is slidably connected by slide block and guide rail, and this guide rail is arranged on worktable by cushion block; Linear grating chi is installed on described slide block.
Further, described mass is discoid, offers the eccentric orfice being uniformly distributed circumferentially on this mass.
Further, described measurement piece is discoid.
Further, described contiguous block comprises that notched fixed block and the two ends by breach stretch out and the shoulder piece of horizontal positioned; The below of two described shoulder pieces is all fixed with slide block.
The dynamic stiffness measurement method of above-mentioned a kind of high-speed precision ball screw pair, the steps include:
(1) measure the quality m of the screw that will add with electronic scale, screw is arranged in the eccentric orfice of mass, and the barycenter eccentric distance e of measuring bolt;
(2) measurement quality piece is apart from the distance L of left shaft holder
1; The distance L of the tested nut of measurement quality piece distance
2; Measure the distance L of tested nut apart from right bearing seat
3;
(3) control electric machine rotation, and write down the rotation speed n of motor, and by the rotation of Electric Machine Control leading screw, the rotarily driving mass and measure piece and rotate in the lump of leading screw, also drive nut moves vertically simultaneously, and the moving belt movable slider of nut slides axially on guide rail;
(4) by linear grating chi, nut present position is directly measured, by radial displacement transducer, the exciting displacement of measuring piece is measured, and the value synchronized sampling that adopts value that the method for circuit latch records linear grating chi and radial displacement transducer to record, thereby can draw the exciting displacement δ that measures the exciting displacement ball screw assembly, of piece when nut has slided x displacement
t;
(5) by the computing formula of the rotation speed n substitution angular frequency of record in step (3): ω=2 π n, can draw the angular frequency of leading screw (7) operation;
(6) by quiet degree of the disturbing δ of data substitution drawing in step (1), (2), (4) and (5)
stcomputing formula:
in formula, E is elasticity modulus of materials, and I is the moment of inertia of material cross-section to neutral bending axis, can draw quiet degree of disturbing δ
st;
(7) by moving the data substitution calculating in step (6) degree of disturbing δ
scomputing formula:
in formula, r is running speed and the ratio of critical rotary speed, can draw moving degree of the disturbing δ that leading screw causes because of out-of-balance force
s;
(8) by the δ of record in step (4)
tand the δ drawing in step (6)
sthe computing formula of substitution equivalent displacement δ: δ=δ
t-δ
s, can draw equivalent displacement δ;
(9) computing formula of the simultaneous force Q data substitution drawing in step (1) and step (5) being produced by eccentric mass: Q=me ω, can draw the simultaneous force Q of the screw mass formation that will add;
(10) by the computing formula of the data substitution ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K drawing in step (9) and step (8):
can draw ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K;
(11) the motor speed n setting in step (5) is fixed value, and the exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, while recording nut diverse location of living in by step (4)
t, and then can draw under fixing leading screw rotating speed ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K when nut (8) diverse location of living in;
(12) set motor speed n in step (5) for fixed value not, and the exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, while recording nut same position of living in by step (4)
t, and then can draw under different leading screw rotating speeds ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K when nut same position of living in.
3. beneficial effect
Adopt technical scheme provided by the invention, there is following remarkable result:
(1) the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, on its leading screw, be arranged with the mass for setting-up eccentricity quality near in a side of left shaft holder, by adopting unbalance mass, exciting to apply and the rotation radial load of ball-screw synchronization, thus the synchronization motivationtheory of experiment to ball screw assembly;
(2) the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, on its leading screw, be arranged with measurement piece near in right bearing seat one side, the radial direction of measuring piece is provided with the radial displacement transducer being arranged on radial displacement transducer fixed block, and this radial displacement transducer contacts with measuring piece, realizes the real-time measurement of lead screw pair radial displacement by radial displacement transducer;
(3) the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, on its nut seat, be arranged with contiguous block, this contiguous block is slidably connected by slide block and guide rail, this guide rail is arranged on worktable by cushion block, linear grating chi is installed on slide block, realizes the real-time measurement of nut present position by linear grating chi;
(4) the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, it is simple in structure, easy for installation, result of use is good, can be used for the checking of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness theoretical research, also can be for the important engineering problem such as raising, the prolongation in serviceable life of the vibration damping noise suppression of ball screw assembly,, reliability provides theoretical foundation, more can for development of new at a high speed, high-precision and low noise series of balls lead screw pair product provides theoretical direction;
(5) the dynamic stiffness measurement method of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, the value synchronized sampling that it adopts value that the method for circuit latch records linear grating chi and radial displacement transducer to record, the method of circuit latch is existing proven technique, the measurement of lead screw pair dynamic stiffness when the method for employing circuit latch can realize nut diverse location of living in, the measurement of lead screw pair dynamic stiffness also can realize different rotating speeds time;
(6) the dynamic stiffness measurement method of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, it is simple to operate, and experimental data is measured precisely.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is theoretical calculating and the analysis chart of experiment measuring natural frequency with the variation of nut location.
Label declaration in schematic diagram: 1, worktable; 2, motor mount; 3, motor; 4, shaft coupling; 5, left shaft holder; 6, mass; 61, eccentric orfice; 7, leading screw; 8, nut; 9, nut seat; 10, contiguous block; 11, slide block; 12, guide rail; 13, cushion block; 14, linear grating chi; 15, measure piece; 16, radial displacement transducer; 17, radial displacement transducer fixed block; 18, right bearing seat.
Embodiment
For further understanding content of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present embodiment, comprise worktable 1, motor mount 2, motor 3, shaft coupling 4, nut seat 9, nut 8, radial displacement transducer fixed block 17, slide block 11, guide rail 12 and cushion block 13, motor 3 is fixedly mounted on worktable 1 by motor mount 2; On worktable 1, be fixed with left shaft holder 5 and right bearing seat 18; Between described left shaft holder 5 and right bearing seat 18, cross-under has leading screw 7, and the left end of this leading screw 7 is connected by shaft coupling 4 and above-mentioned motor 3 mutually through after left shaft holder 5, and the right-hand member cross-under of leading screw 7 is on right bearing seat 18; On leading screw 7, be arranged with the mass 6 for setting-up eccentricity quality near in a side of left shaft holder 5, this mass 6 is discoid, on this mass 6, offer the eccentric orfice 61 being uniformly distributed circumferentially, by adopting unbalance mass, exciting to apply and the rotation radial load of ball-screw 7 synchronization, thus the synchronization motivationtheory of experiment to ball screw assembly; On leading screw 7, measure piece 15 near being arranged with in right bearing seat 18 1 sides, this measurement piece 15 is discoid; Measure the radial direction of piece 15 and be provided with the radial displacement transducer 16 being arranged on radial displacement transducer fixed block 17, and this radial displacement transducer 16 contacts with measurement piece 15, realize the real-time measurement of lead screw pair radial displacement by radial displacement transducer 16; Leading screw 7 is connected with nut 8 rollings that are arranged on nut seat 9; On nut seat 9, be arranged with contiguous block 10, this contiguous block 10 comprises that notched fixed block and the two ends by breach stretch out and the shoulder piece of horizontal positioned, and contiguous block 10, for balance type structure designs, guarantees that slide block 11 horizontal linears move; The below of two shoulder pieces is all fixed with slide block 11; Contiguous block 10 is slidably connected by slide block 11 and guide rail 12, and this guide rail 12 is arranged on worktable 1 by cushion block 13; Linear grating chi 14 is installed on slide block 11, realizes the real-time measurement of nut 8 present positions by linear grating chi 14.
The dynamic stiffness measurement method of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present embodiment, the steps include:
(1) measure the quality m of the screw that will add with electronic scale, screw is arranged in the eccentric orfice 61 of mass 6, and the barycenter eccentric distance e of measuring bolt;
(2) measurement quality piece 6 is apart from the distance L of left shaft holder 5
1; The distance L of the tested nut 8 of measurement quality piece 6 distance
2; Measure the distance L of tested nut 8 apart from right bearing seat 18
3;
(3) controlling motor 3 rotates, and write down the rotation speed n of motor 3, control the rotation of leading screw 7 by motor 3, the rotarily driving mass 6 and measure piece 15 and rotate in the lump of leading screw 7, also drive nut 8 moves vertically simultaneously, and the moving belt movable slider 11 of nut 8 slides axially on guide rail 12;
(4) by linear grating chi 14, nut 8 present positions are directly measured, by radial displacement transducer 16, the exciting displacement of measuring piece 15 is measured, and the value synchronized sampling that adopts value that the method for circuit latch records linear grating chi 14 and radial displacement transducer 16 to record, thereby can draw the exciting displacement δ that measures the exciting displacement ball screw assembly, of piece 15 when nut 8 has slided x displacement
t;
(5) by the computing formula of the rotation speed n substitution angular frequency of record in step (3): ω=2 π n, can draw the angular frequency that leading screw 7 moves;
(6) by quiet degree of the disturbing δ of data substitution drawing in step (1), (2), (4) and (5)
stcomputing formula:
in formula, E is elasticity modulus of materials, and I is the moment of inertia of material cross-section to neutral bending axis, can draw quiet degree of disturbing δ
st;
(7) by moving the data substitution calculating in step (6) degree of disturbing δ
scomputing formula:
in formula, r is running speed and the ratio of critical rotary speed, can draw moving degree of the disturbing δ that leading screw 7 causes because of out-of-balance force
s;
(8) by the δ of record in step (4)
tand the δ drawing in step (6)
sthe computing formula of substitution equivalent displacement δ: δ=δ
t-δ
s, can draw equivalent displacement δ;
(9) computing formula of the simultaneous force Q data substitution drawing in step (1) and step (5) being produced by eccentric mass: Q=me ω, can draw the simultaneous force Q of the screw mass formation that will add;
(10) by the computing formula of the data substitution ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K drawing in step (9) and step (8):
can draw ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K;
(11) the motor speed n setting in step (5) is fixed value, and the exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, while recording nut 8 diverse location of living in by step (4)
t, and then can draw under fixing leading screw 7 rotating speeds ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K when nut 8 diverse location of living in;
(12) set motor speed n in step (5) for fixed value not, and the exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, while recording nut 8 same position of living in by step (4)
t, and then can draw under different leading screw 7 rotating speeds ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K when nut 8 same position of living in.
Dynamic Stiffness experiment table and the measuring method of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, can realize in different rotating speeds situation, when at nut 8 same position of living in the place, the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness, also can realize under rotating speed fixation case, when at nut 8 diverse location of living in the place, the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness, experiment table of the present invention is simple in structure, easy for installation, result of use is good, can be used for the checking of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness theoretical research, also can be the vibration damping noise suppression of ball screw assembly, the raising of reliability, the important engineering problems such as the prolongation in serviceable life provide theoretical foundation, it can be more development of new high speed, high-precision and low noise series of balls lead screw pair product provides theoretical direction, measuring method of the present invention is simple to operate, and experimental data is measured precisely, adopts the method for existing proven technique circuit latch, the measurement of lead screw pair dynamic stiffness can realize nut 8 diverse location of living in time, the measurement of lead screw pair dynamic stiffness also can realize different rotating speeds time.
Below schematically the present invention and embodiment thereof are described, this description does not have restricted, and shown in accompanying drawing is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited to this.So, if those of ordinary skill in the art is enlightened by it, in the situation that not departing from the invention aim, without the creationary frame mode similar to this technical scheme and the embodiment of designing, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a high-speed ball screw pair, comprise worktable (1), motor mount (2), motor (3), shaft coupling (4), nut seat (9), nut (8), radial displacement transducer fixed block (17), slide block (11), guide rail (12) and cushion block (13), it is characterized in that: described motor (3) is fixedly mounted on worktable (1) by motor mount (2); On described worktable (1), be fixed with left shaft holder (5) and right bearing seat (18); Between described left shaft holder (5) and right bearing seat (18), cross-under has leading screw (7), the left end of this leading screw (7) is connected by shaft coupling (4) and above-mentioned motor (3) mutually through after left shaft holder (5), and the right-hand member cross-under of leading screw (7) is on right bearing seat (18); Described leading screw (7) is upper is arranged with the mass (6) for setting-up eccentricity quality near in a side of left shaft holder (5); Described leading screw (7) is upper measures piece (15) near being arranged with in right bearing seat (18) one sides; The radial direction of described measurement piece (15) is provided with the radial displacement transducer (16) being arranged on radial displacement transducer fixed block (17), and this radial displacement transducer (16) contacts with measurement piece (15); Described leading screw (7) is connected with nut (8) rolling being arranged on nut seat (9); On described nut seat (9), be arranged with contiguous block (10); Described contiguous block (10) is slidably connected by slide block (11) and guide rail (12), and this guide rail (12) is arranged on worktable (1) by cushion block (13); On described slide block (11), linear grating chi (14) is installed.
2. the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mass (6), for discoid, offers the eccentric orfice (61) being uniformly distributed circumferentially on this mass (6).
3. the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described measurement piece (15) is for discoid.
4. the dynamic Stiffness experiment table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described contiguous block (10) comprises that notched fixed block and the two ends by breach stretch out and the shoulder piece of horizontal positioned; The below of two described shoulder pieces is all fixed with slide block (11).
5. a dynamic stiffness measurement method that adopts the high-speed ball screw pair of any one in claim 1 to 4, the steps include:
(1) measure the quality m of the screw that will add with electronic scale, screw is arranged in the eccentric orfice (61) of mass (6), and the barycenter eccentric distance e of measuring bolt;
(2) measurement quality piece (6) is apart from the distance L of left shaft holder (5)
1; The distance L of measurement quality piece (6) the tested nut of distance (8)
2; Measure the distance L of tested nut (8) apart from right bearing seat (18)
3;
(3) controlling motor (3) rotates, and write down the rotation speed n of motor (3), control the rotation of leading screw (7) by motor (3), leading screw (7) rotarily drive mass (6) and measure piece (15) rotate in the lump, also drive nut (8) moves vertically simultaneously, and the moving belt movable slider (11) of nut (8) slides axially on guide rail (12);
(4) by linear grating chi (14), nut (8) present position is directly measured, by radial displacement transducer (16), the exciting displacement of measuring piece (15) is measured, and the value synchronized sampling that adopts value that the method for circuit latch records linear grating chi (14) and radial displacement transducer (16) to record, thereby can draw the exciting displacement δ that measures the exciting displacement ball screw assembly, of piece (15) when nut (8) has slided x displacement
t;
(5) by the computing formula of the rotation speed n substitution angular frequency of record in step (3): ω=2 π n, can draw the angular frequency of leading screw (7) operation;
(6) by quiet degree of the disturbing δ of data substitution drawing in step (1), (2), (4) and (5)
stcomputing formula:
in formula, E is elasticity modulus of materials, and I is the moment of inertia of material cross-section to neutral bending axis, can draw quiet degree of disturbing δ
st;
(7) by moving the data substitution calculating in step (6) degree of disturbing δ
scomputing formula:
in formula, r is running speed and the ratio of critical rotary speed, can draw moving degree of the disturbing δ that leading screw (7) causes because of out-of-balance force
s;
(8) by the δ of record in step (4)
tand the δ drawing in step (6)
sthe computing formula of substitution equivalent displacement δ: δ=δ
t-δ
s, can draw equivalent displacement δ;
(9) computing formula of the simultaneous force Q data substitution drawing in step (1) and step (5) being produced by eccentric mass: Q=me ω, can draw the simultaneous force Q of the screw mass formation that will add;
(10) by the computing formula of the data substitution ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K drawing in step (9) and step (8):
can draw ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K;
(11) the motor speed n setting in step (5) is fixed value, and the exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, while recording nut (8) diverse location of living in by step (4)
t, and then can draw under fixing leading screw (7) rotating speed ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K when nut (8) diverse location of living in;
(12) set motor speed n in step (5) for fixed value not, and the exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, while recording nut (8) same position of living in by step (4)
t, and then can draw under different leading screws (7) rotating speed ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K when nut (8) same position of living in.
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| CN106286740A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏科技大学 | The rigidity of a kind of double nut pad pretension screw pair determines method |
| CN110207983A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-06 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of lead screw guide rails reverser reliability test bench |
| CN112254904A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-low temperature testing device for force linear rigidity |
| CN114370999A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-19 | 吉林大学 | Device and method for testing reliability of rolling functional part of numerically controlled lathe |
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