CN104040410A - Controllable waveguide for near-eye display applications - Google Patents

Controllable waveguide for near-eye display applications Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104040410A
CN104040410A CN201280052952.7A CN201280052952A CN104040410A CN 104040410 A CN104040410 A CN 104040410A CN 201280052952 A CN201280052952 A CN 201280052952A CN 104040410 A CN104040410 A CN 104040410A
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waveguide
angular correlation
subset
eye
correlation beam
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CN201280052952.7A
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CN104040410B (en
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P.J.特拉弗斯
R.J.舒尔茨
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Yi Kuidi Co
Icuiti Corp
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Yi Kuidi Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4272—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
    • G03H1/2205—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements using downstream optical component
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2294—Addressing the hologram to an active spatial light modulator
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
    • G02B2027/0125—Field-of-view increase by wavefront division
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G03B21/28—Reflectors in projection beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2210/00—Object characteristics
    • G03H2210/20—2D object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2222/00—Light sources or light beam properties
    • G03H2222/10—Spectral composition
    • G03H2222/13—Multi-wavelengths wave with discontinuous wavelength ranges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2223/00—Optical components
    • G03H2223/16—Optical waveguide, e.g. optical fibre, rod
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2223/00—Optical components
    • G03H2223/23—Diffractive element

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

A near-eye display includes an image generator that generates angularly related beams over a range of angles for forming a virtual image and a waveguide that propagates the angularly related beams over a limited range of angles. An input aperture of the waveguide includes a plurality of controllable components that are selectively operable as diffractive optics for injecting subsets of the angularly related beams into the waveguide. An output aperture of the waveguide includes a plurality of controllable components that selectively operable as diffractive optics for ejecting corresponding subsets of the angularly related beams out of the waveguide toward an eyebox. A controller synchronizes operation of the controllable components of the output aperture with the propagation of different subsets of angularly related beams along the waveguide for ejecting the subsets of angularly related beams out of the waveguide for presenting the virtual image within the eyebox.

Description

For the controlled waveguide of near-to-eye application
Technical field
The present invention relates to for launching by the image information of angular coding, especially for the Wave guide system of near-to-eye, and relate to for watch condition and picture quality such as optimization and support multiple spectral ranges and multiple angular ranges to present the use in the controlled hole of the object of the virtual image in emergent pupil.
Background technology
Tabular (normally plane) waveguide has been used to eyes emission angle image information to beholder as the virtual image from being positioned at user's image source beyond the invisible in close-coupled near-to-eye.Image information is to be usually transfused near one end of waveguide, and is output near the opposite end of waveguide.This image information is as being propagated along waveguide by multiple Angular correlation beams of internal reflection along waveguide.Diffractive optical device be used to by by the angular range of waveguide internal reflection to inject in waveguide image information and for by corresponding angular range transmitting image information in case can with the position of beholder's eye alignment on after waveguide relaying or form emergent pupil.
Many Waveguide displays are confined to wherein form with single color the monochromatic use of the virtual image.Conventional diffractive optical device trends towards the wavelength different by different angle diffraction, thereby produces aberration.Multiple waveguides (for example, stacking waveguide) or more complicated diffractive optical device have been used to alleviate these aberrations, but current solution trends towards exceedingly limiting and can effectively launch the different angles of image information or the number of wavelength by it.
Can see that effective emergent pupil size of the virtual image is usually excessively limited in the assigned position place (, in the eye socket of design) after waveguide therein, because diffracted beam trends towards extending in the time leaving slab guide.This has limited the overlapping region (, having reduced the size of eye socket) that can see the virtual image therein.The diffraction efficiency of output diffractive optical device has been used to expand emergent pupil (, eye socket) with the variation of position, but multiple angles and multiple wavelength that these variations are used to the colored virtual image to encode for management do not trend towards effectively.
Some plane optical display is also intended to be supported in watching surrounding environment in same eye socket.This requires output optical devices to apply added burden to keep certain level of transmittance.
Summary of the invention
In one or more in its preferred embodiment of the present invention, taking a kind of waveguide for near-to-eye as feature, it comprises at least one controlled hole with the convertible parts of addressable.Electronic control mechanism is that the each convertible parts in hole are being prepared by the displacement of intermediate effectiveness state between active and passive states and in the situation that expecting.Convertible multiple addressables component combination is made to allow the ground beam angle of particular range and the selectivity processing of wavelength to produce controlled hole.Can optimize for specific angular range and wavelength the control (comprising the duration of activation) of each convertible parts, the quality of the enhancing of the viewing areas of expansion and the virtual image by waveguide relaying is provided.
The present invention comprises and propagates the waveguide of the Angular correlation beam on the first limited angular range and be created on the Angular correlation beam in the second wider angle scope to form the image composer of the virtual image as the version of near-to-eye.The input hole of waveguide comprises multiple controllable component.Each controllable component of every input hole optionally operates to be infused in the subset of the Angular correlation beam on the finite part of the second angular range as diffractive optical device, so as in the first angular range along this subset of the relevant beam of waveguide propagation angle.The delivery outlet of waveguide comprises multiple controllable component.Each controllable component of delivery outlet optionally as diffractive optical device operate with by the respective subset of Angular correlation beam outside eye socket ejects waveguide.Controller make the operation of controllable component of delivery outlet and the different subsets of Angular correlation beam synchronous along the propagation of waveguide, to the subset of Angular correlation beam is launched to waveguide and present the virtual image in eye socket.
Each controllable component of input hole preferably to pairing in the controllable component of delivery outlet to inject and of the subset of the relevant beam of emission angle.The controllable component in input and output hole preferably includes multiple convertible diffractive optical devices, and it has the different effectual time for the different subsets of the relevant beam of the angle angle of diffraction by different.Convertible diffractive optical device preferably can the first state of substantial transparent for Angular correlation beam to according to the second state of the subset of the relevant beam of period angle of diffraction of the subset of Angular correlation beam between convert.
Preferably, image composer is that the Angular correlation beam that produces multiple different nominal wavelengths is prepared.Each controllable component of input hole is that the subset of injecting the Angular correlation beam of of multiple different nominal wavelengths is prepared, and the respective subset that each controllable component of delivery outlet can be used to the Angular correlation beam in the described multiple different nominal wavelengths of transmitting is to make the subset of the Angular correlation beam in different nominal wavelengths overlapping in eye socket.Controller is preferably the operation of the controllable component that makes input and output hole and the operation of image composer synchronizes and prepares, so as one after the other in waveguide, to inject different nominal wavelengths Angular correlation beam subset and they are transmitted into outside waveguide.In order to support to watch surrounding environment by the delivery outlet of waveguide from eye socket, controller is switched to the controlled output block of delivery outlet in the first state.
Diffractive optical device in the middle of waveguide can also merge, it has between input and output hole and is positioned so that the multiple parts that optionally make the subset of Angular correlation beam redirect towards delivery outlet along waveguide.The each several part of middle diffractive optical device spatially separates the subset of Angular correlation beam.
The present invention comprises plate-like body as another version of the waveguide of near-to-eye, and it has in the face of the front surface of surrounding environment, in the face of the rear surface of eye socket and for by the length of carrying out the relevant beam of propagation angle within the scope of limited angle from the continuous reflection of front surface and rear surface.The input hole of plate-like body comprises multiple controllable component, described multiple controllable component is for limiting the relevant beam of receiving angle jointly on multiple wavelength of pupil of virtual image maker, and for be infused in respectively the subset of the Angular correlation beam on multiple wavelength to plate-like body within the scope of limited angle.The delivery outlet of plate-like body comprises multiple controllable component, and it is for being received in respectively the subset of the Angular correlation beam on multiple wavelength, and for be jointly transmitted in the subset of the Angular correlation beam described multiple wavelength from waveguide.Each controllable component in input and output hole comprises convertible diffractive optical device, and it can be at the first state of substantial transparent for the subset of the Angular correlation beam on multiple wavelength and diffraction converts between the second one or more state in the subset of the Angular correlation beam on multiple wavelength.Controller makes the conversion of controllable component in input and output hole synchronous, to one after the other inject and be transmitted in the subset of the Angular correlation beam on multiple wavelength in the integrating range of beholder's eyes, jointly again to form the pupil of virtual image maker in eye socket.
Preferably, the controllable component of delivery outlet is that the respective subset of one after the other launching the Angular correlation beam in different wave length in the integrating range of beholder's eyes is prepared, to jointly again form the pupil of colored virtual image maker in eye socket.
Convertible diffractive optical device preferably includes convertible optical grating construction, the pairing optical grating construction pairing in each parts in itself and input and output hole.The electroactive material of convertible optical grating construction preferably has and can change to and refractive index unmatched another value substantially that is made into right pairing optical grating construction from the value of substantially mating with the index of the refractive index of matched pairing optical grating construction, to controllable component is converted between the first and second states.Controller is preferably between the first and second states the controlled output block to delivery outlet and converts and prepare, so that the watching and the virtual image being produced by virtual image maker watched to both surrounding environment of side by side supporting to carry out in eye socket.
The present invention is included on the angular range of emergent pupil that forms image composer and produces Angular correlation beam as another version that the emergent pupil of image composer is relayed to the method for eye socket by waveguide.The input hole of waveguide is positioned as close to the emergent pupil of image composer so that the relevant beam of receiving angle.The controllable component of input hole at the first state beam relevant with angle of diffraction of substantial transparent for Angular correlation beam with respectively to the subset of the relevant beam of implant angle in waveguide to convert between the second state of propagating along waveguide in narrower angular range.The delivery outlet of waveguide is positioned as close to eye socket.The controllable component of delivery outlet at the first state beam relevant with angle of diffraction of substantial transparent for Angular correlation beam to convert between the second state of the subset of the relevant beam of emission angle respectively from waveguide to eye socket on the angular range of emergent pupil that again forms image composer in eye socket.
Duration that can the conversion between the first and second states to the controllable component in input and output hole is carried out timing so that balance is crossed over the intensity of the picture field that can watch at the emergent pupil place again forming.In addition or alternatively, can control inputs and the diffraction efficiency of the second state of the controllable component of delivery outlet so as balance across the intensity of picture field.
Except producing Angular correlation beam, also preferably in the wavelength coverage as the emergent pupil of the image composer of coloured image maker, produce Angular correlation beam in formation in certain angle scope.Like this, and the step of conversion comprise that Angular correlation beam in diffraction different wave length to inject respectively the subset of Angular correlation beam of different wave length and the relevant beam of angle of diffraction with from again forming the subset of launching respectively the Angular correlation beam of different wave length from waveguide to eye socket the angle of emergent pupil of coloured image maker and the scope of wavelength in eye socket in waveguide.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 comprises that slab waveguide and stacking multiple controlled grating are to carry out the sketch of multiplexing near-to-eye to being included in the angle information collimating in input ray.
Fig. 2 is included in the sectional view of the slab waveguide in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the exploded view of all controlled gratings in the near-to-eye of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 comprises that slab waveguide and stacking multiple controlled grating are to carry out the sketch of multiplexing near-to-eye to being included in the spectral information collimating in input ray.
Fig. 5 comprises that slab waveguide and multiple skew grating are to carry out the sketch of multiplexing near-to-eye to being included in the angle information collimating in input ray.
Fig. 6 comprises that slab waveguide and multiple patterning skew grating are to carry out the sketch of multiplexing near-to-eye to being included in the spectral information collimating in input ray.
Fig. 7 is the expression of the patterning optical grating construction of the controlled grating for using at the near-to-eye of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 comprises slab waveguide, multiple skew grating and multiple stacking grating to carry out the sketch of multiplexing near-to-eye to being included in angle in collimation input ray and spectral information.
Embodiment
With reference to figure 1, near-to-eye 10 comprises slab waveguide 12, and it has controlled input hole 14, controlled delivery outlet 16 and controlled middle diffractive optical device 90.Slab waveguide 12 preferably has rear surface 18(in the face of beholder's eyes) and front surface 20(face surrounding environment) transmittance plate, wherein rear surface and front surface 18 and 20 are both exposed to air or have preferably another medium close to the refractive index of the refractive index of air.
Slab waveguide 12 can be made up of various transmission optics materials (such as the BK7 glass with 1.527 nominal index of refraction), and has the size to the position transmitted light in beholder's visual field for the off-axis position from injecting light.For example, in the size and weight of restriction slab waveguide 12, slab waveguide 12 can have the length of approximately 60 millimeters for arriving eye position, for the height of approximately 60 millimeters of the second dimension of managing image and for supporting the thickness of approximately 2 millimeters of propagation of light of the form of expecting.Certainly, can use other waveguide dimensions to be devoted to light propagation from a position to another along waveguide for application-specific.Although slab waveguide 12 has the plane form of having simplified propagation problem, can also make slab waveguide 12 bendings to adapt to additional requirement, comprise aesthetic consideration.
Fig. 1 shows in general mode to a great extent the image composer 22 that comprises light source 32, collimation optics 34 and catoptron 24.Light source 32 can be taked many forms, comprise the two-dimensional array of addressable pixel, one-dimensional array or the single addressable light source of addressable pixel, they all can by controller 38 in a usual manner addressing to side by side or one after the other express the pixelation content of predetermined image.Can be for example the layout of suitable power supply by liquid crystal diode, micro-reflector or light emitting diode form described array.
As the two-dimensional array of addressable pixel, light source 32 receives signal to form real image from controller 38, and this controller 38 can be conventional Video Controller.Collimation optics 34 converts the light of the each pixel from two-dimensional array and the collimated beam 30 of the similar collimated beam Angular correlation of other pixels from this array to.That is to say, collimation optics 34 makes the optical alignment from the each pixel in pel array, and its unique angle by reference in two dimensions of the locus in two-dimensional array corresponding to this pixel is carried out this collimation.Catoptron 24 makes to redirect towards controlled input hole 14 from the collimated beam 30 of referenced pixel and from the collimated beam of other Angular correlations of other pixels.If directly impinge upon on controlled input hole 14 from the collimated beam of collimation optics 34, do not need catoptron 24.
Alternatively, the light source of image composer 22 32 can be arranged as to one dimension (for example, the linearity) array of addressable pixel, and catoptron 24 can be arranged as to pivotable scanning reflection mirror in a dimension.Collimation optics 34 converts the light of the each pixel from one-dimensional array to the Angular correlation beam of collimation, the Angular correlation beam of this collimation has the first angle component of the position in array corresponding to each pixel, and scanning reflection mirror makes the collimated beam pivotable being associated with the continuous representation of pixel to contribute the second angle component corresponding to the second dimension of predetermined image.The controller 38 of controlling the addressable pixel in one-dimensional array makes the synchronously pivotable of continuous representation of catoptron and one dimension pel array, and to produce one group of Angular correlation beam, it comprises two dimensions that change corresponding to the angle of the location of pixels in predetermined image.
Light source 32 can also be arranged as to single addressable light source, and catoptron 24 can be arranged as can be around two, the scanning reflection mirror 24 of orthogonal axle 26 and 28 pivotables preferably.Scanning reflection mirror is irradiated by the single collimated beam 30 being formed together by light source and collimation optics 34.Make controller 38 that the output of light source synchronizes with the angular coordinate of scanning reflection mirror 24 one in a succession of Angular correlation beam using each pixel of generated image as the location of pixels corresponding in predetermined image and producing respectively.
Can be by the additional pixels in array, there are multiple light sources of different nominal wavelengths or produce polychrome (, colour) image by one or more wideband light sources being carried out to colour filter.Although the pixel of predetermined image can be produced as to a succession of pixel subset or produce a pixel even at every turn, but preferably in the integrating range of beholder's eyes, produce each this type of image, making can be integrally or in addition according to being scheduled to watch each image.Usually, image composer 22 provides the Fourier transform that is intended for the image generating (for example, video image) of watching as the virtual image, wherein, the location of pixels in predetermined image by angle encode.Like this, define the emergent pupil of image composer 22 by the collimated beam of different angles.
The controlled input hole 14 of waveguide 12 receives the Angular correlation beam (for example, collimated beam 30) of collimation on the angular range of the visual field of the image corresponding to generated.But, propagate optical waveguide 12 by the mechanism such as total internal reflection and can only support compared with the propagation of arrow beam angular range.Controlled input hole 14 is arranged to provide multiplexing function, and thus, the subrange of the Angular correlation beam of definition image is injected in waveguide 12 respectively to further propagate in the narrower angular range of being supported in waveguide 12.
Controlled input hole 14 comprises the independent controlled diffractive part of a pile so that the subrange of the relevant beam of implant angle is to propagate along waveguide 12 at least part of overlapping part of the narrower angular range of supporting in waveguide 12 respectively.With reference to figure 1, controlled input hole 14 comprises the first controlled diffractive part 68 and the second controlled diffractive part 70 that are embedded in waveguide 12.The diffraction characteristic difference of two controlled diffractive parts 68, to carry out the subrange of the relevant beam of angle of diffraction by different angles, two subranges of Angular correlation beam are injected in waveguide 12 to further propagate in the angular range of supporting in waveguide 12.May need to exceed the independent controlled diffractive part of two to support the Angular correlation beam of the relative broad range that the virtual image is encoded or to adapt within the scope of it independent controlled diffractive part for the effective limited angle scope of diffraction light.
Sectional view in Fig. 2 has illustrated the preferred arrangements of the first controlled diffractive part 68.The first controlled diffractive part 68 comprises convertible optical grating construction 52 and pairing (oppositely) optical grating construction 54, makes under the passive states (, deactivation status) at convertible optical grating construction 52, and two optical grating constructions 52 and 54 preferably form optics homogeneous strata.Under control such as first and second conductive layers 58 and 60 that can be formed by tin indium oxide (ITO) across convertible optical grating construction 52 and controller 38 that can be in Fig. 1, form electric field across convertible optical grating construction 52, to revise the effective refractive index of the electroactive material of convertible optical grating construction 52 with respect to pairing optical grating construction 54.
The electroactive material of convertible optical grating construction 52 preferably in a similar manner in the case of eachly thering is different refractivity, applied between two different conditions the electric field of different voltages and changed.The in the situation that of liquid crystal material, crystal rotates in the situation that applying given voltage between original state and orthogonal or extremity.If any the lower liquid crystal that uses in the quadrature of liquid crystal, polarization input source will be preferred, because the light of polarization will can not respond the grating that is activated similarly improperly.Use in be activated due to the existence of certain electric field or orthogonal (extremely) state of the liquid crystal of deactivation in any under liquid crystal permission grating effectively exist or be not present in waveguide 12.Can control by the amount of the light of optical grating construction 52 diffraction with the time quantum that makes grating 52 in active state.
Alternatively, if the voltage applying across optical grating construction 52 is arranged to be not enough to completely liquid crystal be converted to certain level of orthogonal or extremity, will reduce grating diffration efficiency.Response departs from linear or the similar response of many liquid crystal materials, particularly because the polarized light of the liquid crystal by the state of mediating probably changes polarization state.But, can most of light be reverted to its correct polarization with modification level.This type of modification level itself can be arranged as dynamic adjustable liquid crystal (extraordinary image does not have another mobile layer of grating layer of patterning and so on) or by birefringence is merged in waveguide body 12 and arranged with static mode.Therefore, can also control by the amount of the light of optical grating diffraction by the liquid crystal material amount that nonopiate or non-extremity is rotated by centre, although may need certain polarization correction to realize the intermediate response of expected range.
With reference to figure 2, can be by forming slab waveguide 12 by stacking three individual courses 84,86 and 88 of expecting substrate to form complete waveguide 12.Detailed window in Fig. 2 illustrates that the first controlled diffractive part 68 is sandwiched between substrate layer 86 and 88.The first and second conductive layers 58 and 60 are deposited on the inside surface of substrate layer 86 and 88.Then pairing optical grating construction 54 is fixed to the substrate layer 86 on the top of patterned conductive layer 58, and the electroactive material being provided for forming convertible optical grating construction 52 carries out moulding die cavity.Then can be by stacking and fixing with suitable orientation substrate layer 86 and 88, thus controlled diffractive part 68 formed.Pairing optical grating construction 54 is preferably formed by the Solid–state Optics material that is similar to conventional grating.The optical grating construction 54 that for example, matches, is formed by the impression epoxy resin of the pitch with 1.5 nominal index of refraction and approximately 0.5 micron.Impression grating has the length of approximately 20 millimeters, the width of approximately 20 millimeters and the degree of depth of approximately a micron.Convertible optical grating construction 52 is preferably formed by the electroactive material such as liquid crystal material, and described electroactive material is filled the space between pairing optical grating construction 54 and substrate layer 88.
Electroactive material can be can be in 1.526 refractive index (and index matching of waveguide) to the nematic liquid crystal potpourri BL037 converting between 1.808 refractive index.Substrate layer 84,86 and 88 can be formed by transmission optics material, such as the BK7 glass of thickness with approximately 0.5 millimeter.For the particular requirement of other application, can make match materials, and can carry out convergent-divergent to each size.
Preferably deposit or arrange at least one in conductive layer 58 and 60 with pattern form, to activate the whole or finite part of controlled diffractive part 68.For example, if be arranged to form the individual region of grid, can activate the each several part of controlled diffractive part 68 so that restriction is parallel to the steric effect of the diffractive part that is activated in the rear surface of waveguide 12 and the plane of front surface 18 and 20.
The first and second conductive layers 58 and 60 can be between other layers, as long as can form suitable electric field across convertible optical grating construction 52.For example, can form the first conductive layer 58 in the interface between convertible optical grating construction 52 and pairing optical grating construction 54.Can make reversed in order convertible and pairing optical grating construction 52 and 54.Controller 38 is controlled the state (comprising timing and the duration of each state) of convertible optical grating construction 52 between active and passive states, and can control field intensity to change the refractive index of the convertible optical grating construction 52 in active state.
Preferably, the refractive index of the first and second conductive layers 58 and 60, convertible optical grating construction 52 in passive states and pairing optical grating construction 54 is mated fully with the refractive index of slab waveguide 12, make under the passive states of convertible optical grating construction 52, controlled diffractive part 68 moves similarly to allow incoming beams to pass grating 68 and clashes into controlled grating 70 with slab waveguide 12.In other words, convertible optical grating construction 52 is preferably substantially sightless across visible spectrum under passive states, and controlled diffractive part 68 is moved as do not there is not diffraction grating.On the contrary, under active state, convertible optical grating construction 52 moves with the conventional diffractive optical device of given efficiency similarly to the Angular correlation image of specific sub-ranges is carried to beam guiding in waveguide.
As shown in Figure 3, second of controlled input hole 12 the controlled diffractive part 70 comprise comprise convertible optical grating construction 92 and by conductive layer 96 and 98 across the likewise arrangement of pairing (reverse) optical grating construction 94.Controlled delivery outlet 14 also comprises the first and second controlled diffractive parts 80 and 78, is eachly arranged in a similar fashion, and it comprises convertible optical grating construction 108 and 116, pairing optical grating construction 110 and 118, is made into right conductive layer 112,114 and 129,122.In the middle of controlled, diffractive optical device 90 is also arranged in a similar manner, have both by conductive layer 104 and 98 across convertible optical grating construction 100 and pairing optical grating construction 102.
At structure when waveguide 12, can be as described above by controlled diffractive part 68 and 80 and controlled in the middle of diffractive optical device 90 be assembled between substrate layer 86 and 88.Controlled diffractive part 70 and 78 can be assembled between substrate layer 84 and 86.For simplified design or make its compactness, can be used in thickness aspect be less than 100 microns can form substrate layer 84,86 and 88 with the glass sheet that scribbles ITO.ITO coating patterns can be made into right conductive layer (60,58), (96,98), (100,98) and (112,122) to provide.The thickness that reduces substrate layer allows to expect interior in controlled input and output hole 12 and 14 in thickness more controlled diffractive part to be stacked waveguide 12 is remained on.
Can optimize the efficiency of the first controlled diffractive part 68 so that such as with the higher incident angle that approaches controlled input hole 14, the subrange of Angular correlation beam being diffracted in waveguide 12, so that by total internal reflection enterprising step propagation in the vertical direction in waveguide 12.Can optimize the efficiency of the second controlled diffractive part 70 to another subrange of Angular correlation beam is diffracted in waveguide 12 such as the lower incident angle to approach controlled input hole 14, so that by total internal reflection enterprising step propagation in the vertical direction in waveguide 12.Can between active and passive states, convert each controlled diffractive part 68 and 70.Under active state, controlled diffractive part 68 and 70 serves as diffraction element and light is redirected in waveguide.Under passive states, controlled diffractive part 68 and 70 be sightless and serve as allow light be not changed the transparent element passing.
In the case of the timing between the active and passive states of controlling controlled grating 68 and 70 with controller 38, can optionally input the different subranges that are incident on the Angular correlation beam on controlled input hole 14 with controlled input hole 14, input the subdivision of the full visual field of the virtual image.When controlled diffractive part 68 is during in active state, controlled diffractive part 70 is optionally in passive states.This means and only have higher incident angle beam to be supported being diffracted into so that in the angular range of propagating along waveguide 12, and diffracted beam will pass controlled diffractive part 70 without any further impedance or diffraction in the situation that.On the contrary, when controlled diffractive part 70 is during in active state, controlled diffractive part 68 will be in passive states.This means, controlled diffractive part 68 will be sightless and input light will and meet with controlled diffractive part 70 through controlled diffractive part 68, and it will be diffracted into lower angle incident beam to be supported so that in the angular range of propagating along waveguide 12.This multiplexing maximum field of view that can be injected in waveguide 12 that increases by this way of the angle information (being Angular correlation beam) of the input picture of being realized by controlled diffractive part 68 and 70, with make to keep angle information along waveguide 12 such as further being propagated by total internal reflection.
The multiplexing angle information that is vertically diffracted into the input picture in waveguide 72 is flatly redirected for the further propagation towards controlled delivery outlet 16 along waveguide 12 by middle diffractive optical device 90.In Fig. 3, can see the detailed structure of intermediate optical device 90.Can be with diffractive optical device 90 in the middle of dynamically controlling with optical grating construction 68 and 70 roughly the same modes.By one of them or their both patternings in the conductive layer 104 and 98 of controlled diffractive optical device 90 and by the suitable connection to controller 38, controllable part 40(Fig. 1 of some vertical movement of middle diffractive optical device 90) can to keep inactive in other controllable part be movable simultaneously.Like this, can optionally some Angular correlation beam be turned to towards delivery outlet 16 from different upright positions, allow beam to propagate towards the specific vertical area of controlled delivery outlet 16.Time of the each controllable part activity by diffracting layer 90 in the middle of controlling or change the effective refractive index of electroactive material 100 by the variation of the voltage via applied, size and the relative intensity of the Angular correlation beam can balance being guided towards controlled delivery outlet 16.Stand the wavelength coverage of diffraction by restriction, middle diffractive optical device 90 can be arranged in single plane to support two input diffractive parts 68 and 70.But, controller 38 preferably keep the controlled diffractive part 68 of input and 70 and the active and passive states of the independent controllable component of intermediate raster structure 90 between relation, Angular correlation beam is spatially distributed in the way to controlled delivery outlet 16.
Controlled delivery outlet 16 comprises the first controlled diffractive part 78 and the second controlled diffractive part 80 that are embedded in waveguide 12.The general structure of controlled diffractive part 78 and 80 and assembling can be similar to structure and the assembling of controllable component 68 and 70, and exception is that the diffractive part 78 and 80 of controlled delivery outlet 16 is orthogonal with the diffractive part 68 and 70 of controlled input hole 14 substantially.
Usually, waveguide 12 inside by middle controlled diffractive optical device 90 flatly the input picture of diffraction multiplexing angle information 72 by controlled delivery outlet with the surface 18 of waveguide 12 and 20 orthogonal directions on further diffraction, to launch towards eye socket 42 from waveguide 12.Controlled output diffractive part 78 and 80 or its part synchronously activated by controller 38 and controlled input diffractive part 70 and 68, respectively for injecting and the different subranges of the relevant beam of emission angle.Preferably, the pitch of the pairing optical grating construction 108 and 110 of output in diffractive part 80 is closely mated with the pitch of the pairing optical grating construction 52 and 54 in input diffractive part 68, and the pitch of pairing optical grating construction 116 and 118 in output diffractive part 78 is closely mated with the pitch of inputting the pairing optical grating construction 92 and 94 in diffractive part 70.That is to say, controlled input and output diffractive part is preferably paired, for the public subrange of injection and the relevant beam of emission angle, make the subrange of the Angular correlation beam of launching from waveguide 12 corresponding to the subrange that is injected into the Angular correlation beam waveguide 12.
The part 40 of middle controlled diffraction optical element 90 can be used for Angular correlation beam to be spatially distributed in the zones of different of controlled delivery outlet 16, and can with controlled input diffractive part 68 and 70 and middle controlled diffraction optical element 90 as one man optionally activate the each several part of controlled delivery outlet so that for to make different Angular correlation beams interior overlapping the preparing of eye socket 42.
Controller 68 makes the control of each diffractive part synchronous, makes to be injected into waveguide 12 and neutralizes from the subrange of the Angular correlation beam of its transmitting and cover than the total size that is supported the wider Angular correlation beam of beam area for propagating by waveguide 12.Can synchronously operate addressable diffractive part by controller 38 and the output of the image composer 22 such as can pivotable catoptron 24, make to only have and support to be activated to the required diffractive part of specific sub-ranges of the Angular correlation beam of beholder's eyes by waveguide 12 in any particular moment.The independent processing of the different subranges based on Angular correlation beam, can carry out the image intensity of balance across whole field with addressable diffractive part.In unwanted diffractive part maintenance of any particular moment inertia, and in waveguide 12, be not therefore visible or exercisable.
Can in the time not needing the specific sub-ranges of angled conveyor, controlled diffractive part be switched to passive states.For example, iff produce image in a part for picture field, the diffractive part of arranging for the remainder of transportation field can remain on passive states.This make not have seedbed by light towards this part of the waveguide of eye socket diffraction in can being transmitted under the transmissive state in eye socket 42 from the light of surrounding environment better.
Therefore, the scope of the Angular correlation beam of the rink corner of the image corresponding to generating can be divided into subrange and one after the other be input in waveguide 12 by controlled input hole 14.In the situation that using two input diffractive parts 68 and 70, the whole audience is by roughly in two, and wherein the first subrange of Angular correlation beam is diffracted in waveguide 12 by controlled diffractive part 68 and the second subrange of Angular correlation beam is diffracted in waveguide 12 by controlled diffractive part 70.Controlled diffraction optical element 90 makes two subranges of Angular correlation beam redirect towards controlled delivery outlet 16.Controlled diffractive part 80 by the first subrange of Angular correlation beam outside eye socket is diffracted into waveguide 12, and controlled diffractive part 78 by the second subrange of Angular correlation beam outside eye socket is diffracted into waveguide 12.Two subrange utilizations of Angular correlation beam are supported the equal angular scope for the propagation in waveguide 12, such as the angular range that can be propagated by total internal reflection along waveguide 12.By these angle multiple purposes that waveguide 12 is supported, can increase significantly come that the physical restriction of self-waveguide 12 can support the potential visual field of the virtual image.Can be by adding the how controlled diffractive part that be assembled in a similar manner, such as by forming the additional overlapping layer of waveguide 12, the Angular correlation beam of the rink corner corresponding to the virtual image being divided into three or more subranges, for entering into waveguide 12 neutralizations to the propagation in succession outside it.
Be similar to the near-to-eye 10 of Fig. 1, near-to-eye 120 comprises controlled input hole 122 and controlled delivery outlet 124 as shown in Figure 4, and its spectral information being modified to being included in collimation incoming beams 30 carries out multiplexing.Can comprise overlapping controlled diffractive part 168 and 170 for input hole 122, and controlled delivery outlet 124 comprises overlapping controlled diffractive part 180 and 178.Near-to-eye 120 element total with near-to-eye 10 shared identical Reference numeral.
Contrast with previously described display 10, near-to-eye 120 is designed at least two wavelength coverages to carry out multiplexing especially.Adding more addressable diffractive part 168,170 and 180,178 will allow multiplexing to more multispectral scope, but for simplicity, only shows two-layer diffractive part here.Further contrast with previously described display 10, middle diffractive optical device 126 comprises two controlled diffractive parts 190 and 192 to compensate the spectral separation of the collimation input ray being redirected by controlled input hole 122.Extraordinary wave long correlation owing to the special angle of light being converted to the required raster pitch of different predetermined angulars, so also must use different controlled intermediate raster to each spectral range of wavelength.
In the embodiment of near-to-eye 10, can the timing of the special angle scope being produced by scan source be synchronizeed with the particular path by waveguide by controller 38.In the current embodiment of near-to-eye 120, controller 38 makes the timing of the various spectral ranges of display irradiation synchronize with the correct addressable component of controlled input hole 122, controlled middle diffractive optical device 126 and controlled delivery outlet 124, to make except particular path, correct grating is also the movable current spectral content with support video image.
The operation of micro-display under look sequence pattern is common, therefore only need to read timing circuit from display element so that correct optical grating construction phase mutually synchronization by controller 38.In DLP, LOCS and LCD display technology, can find the example of color sequence displayer, and even LED or lasing light emitter can directly be pulsed, as the imaging pixel in scanning system.
As follows various spectral ranges are multiplexed in waveguide 12, make what given time Angular correlation beam in office only see for the maximum performance in special spectrum bandwidth and one group of optimised optical grating construction, this contributes to make the wavelength mixing that may exist in to many classic methods of this problem to minimize.
As the near-to-eye 10 in the situation that, utilize patterning and addressable conductive layer can not only be controlled at the diffractive part layer in each hole of any given time activity, and can change the efficiency of each this type of diffractive part with the illumination intensity of the spectral range of being supported on any rink corner in the balance output virtual image.Being scanned in input system, can control the accurate path of each Angular correlation beam and width with balance across the pupil for specific rink corner and across the illumination intensity of the perception of whole of the output virtual image.Be similar to near-to-eye 10, in the time not having seedbed refract light, can make controlled diffractive part, comprise that the parts 178 and 180 of controlled delivery outlet 124 are placed in inactive state.This makes that waveguide 12 is more transparent must be mainly with just watching surrounding environment better in eye socket 42.
Fig. 5 shows the near-eye display system 220 as another variant of the near-eye display system 10 shown in Fig. 1.Near-eye display system 10 utilizes and is directly positioned at the stacking of controlled diffractive part over each other in the main body of waveguide 12.In the situation that using almost any injection optics device 34, no matter it makes two dimensional display or has one-dimensional array or the scanning system of point source collimation, from the Angular correlation beam of the site-specific in the virtual image all along with it moves and trend towards separating away from collimation optics 34 or catoptron 24.Between rink corner in amount and direction and the virtual image of the drift of special angle beam, find relevant.
By according to the relevant beam of different angles, walking or drift inside makes controlled diffractive part advantageously use this relevant being parallel to relative shift in the rear surface of waveguide 12 and the direction of front surface 18 and 20.Fig. 5 shows has the stacking near-eye display system 220 of single diffractive part of only supporting single wavelength coverage, wherein, controlled diffraction input and output parts 268,270 and 280,278 relative to each other laterally displacement enough far so that they can be positioned in the same layer of waveguide 12.
Controlled diffraction input block 268 and 270 can be arranged to respectively and the controlled input block 68 of near-to-eye 10 and 70 almost identical operations.In addition, controlled diffraction output block 278 and 280 respectively with controlled output grating 78 and 80 almost identical operations.The timing of feature activation will move similarly with the parts of near-to-eye 10.Similarity comprise balance across the intensity of image, by the particular path boot scan beam in waveguide 12, balance across size and the homogeneity of special angle beam, turn off the diffractive part that is not had seedbed to use and multiple angular ranges be multiplexed into the ability in waveguide 12.
As near-to-eye 10, once activate and support that the controlled diffractive part of identical beam angle scope will be preferred.Beam angle scope is still multiplexed to waveguide 12 neutralizations outside it in the situation that having temporal separation, makes at given time, only has a beam angle scope.This be because, as previously mentioned, wherein support beam angle scope in the waveguide 12 of total internal reflection by multiple purpose, and can exist and crosstalk between the controllable component arranged side by side inputing or outputing in controlled hole 224 and 222, be movable if allow them simultaneously.
Near-to-eye 220 comprises the reduction of complicacy than the benefit of previous near-to-eye 10.Having a stacking structure gets up easily more stacking and usually more cheap than two.For multiple gratings, only need a mould, and need at least two for near-to-eye 10.In the less collimation more easily keeping stacking in the situation that in stacking.Can make whole waveguide thinner, allow waveguide to be full of more equably image carrying light, reduce shade or dim spot across the field of the virtual image.Usually, there is the overall dimensions and the weight that also reduce system compared with thin-film guide 12.
Fig. 6 and 7 relates to having only another near-eye display system 320 of one deck addressable diffractive part with the similar mode of near-eye display system 220.In near-eye display system 220 by multiplexing multiple scopes of the angle information from the virtual image by waveguide body 120, near-eye display system 320 by multiplexing the different spectral ranges of wavelength by waveguide and arrive eye socket 42.
And in near-eye display system 220, sub-controlled grating hole spatially can be separated due to the angle beam trend that field drifts about or walks relatively, there is not the space correlation with respect to spectral information.Therefore, Fig. 7 shows and will be present at least one of conductive layer (with addressable mode) and the interior interlaced pattern of patterning parts itself.
Return to the near-to-eye 120 of Fig. 4, each being stacked in different wavelength coverages of controlled diffractive part moved.With showing that the look order attribute in source carries out timing to the control of all parts.According to the look order displaying scheme of identical type, near-to-eye 320 is taked identical diffractive part and is made them staggered, as shown in Figure 7.It is movable that this patterning allows the different sections of all parts of supporting same wavelength ranges simultaneously.
For example, use λ 1all sectional areas of the diffractive part 322,326 and 324 of mark can be movable in particular moment, and use λ 2all sectional areas of the identical diffractive part 322,326 and 324 of mark can be in passive states.But, may be preferably, controller 38 is activation λ only 1a part for total subset of the diffractive part of mark.Also may be preferably, virtual image information from scan source in the situation that for balance across the whole virtual image or across the object of the image intensity of pupil, by the total activity time or by the variation across the electric field of the electroactive material in parts, by 38 efficiency of controlling respectively the sectional area of diffractive part.
Although Fig. 7 only shows two spectrum subsets, can in controlled diffractive part, make in identical segmentation more spectrum subset staggered.LCD display is often used the interlaced pattern of redness, green and blue filter in its display system.But, it should be noted, although the parts in hole and between exist relevantly, each parts of staggered moving slits are not necessarily corresponding to single pixel.May preferably, at certain hour, the multiple of parts be partially opened, and usually, probably exist than there is active pixel sectional area still less in array of display.In fact,, although there is relevant to position, define the angle information that is still of independent pixel.
Equally, in the situation that recognizing that moving to individual layer grating reduces cost, size, weight and complicacy, near-to-eye 320 shows can be by multiple wavelength multiplexings by waveguide, thereby may prepare for the potential of full-colour image.In the case of the ability of active area of parts with the setted wavelength scope that is limited in any given time support activities, reduce the path of crosstalking between the color in the output virtual image.
Fig. 8 represents another embodiment of the present invention.Near-to-eye 420 is actually the combination of near-to-eye 120 and 220.Near-to-eye 420 represents single waveguide, and wherein different beam angle scopes and different spectral range are multiplexed in waveguide 12.Near-to-eye 420 is stacking combined by the diffractive part of the member pattern arranged side by side of the multiplexing multiplexing different beam angle scopes from near-to-eye 220 and the near-to-eye 120 for multiplexing different spectral ranges.As shown, provide the stacking of two parts, but this is for simplicity.More preferably, provide three parts stacking, each parts in stacking are for each of redness, green and the blue portion of visible spectrum.
Return to the dual-stack shown in Fig. 8, side by side grating is stacking, the turn-on time of half substantially of display device or the frame rate of half are exclusively used in a spectral range of wavelength, and second half will be exclusively used in the second scope of spectral wavelength.In this case, the time diffractive part 440,490 and 462 while producing the first scope of spectral wavelength for display device will be movable, and diffractive part 442,492 and 460 is inactive.Time durations in the time that display device produces the second half spectral wavelength scope, the parts of grating layer 442,492 and 460 are movable, and diffractive part 440,490 and 462 is inactive.
Duration of the first half that then can again display device be produced to spectral wavelength is divided into two halves, thereby allows the half (frame rate 1/4th) of this division to be exclusively used in the half of the rink corner of the virtual image showing at eye socket 42 places.At this moment, during section, may send left one side of something of field to eyes by waveguide 12, therefore controlled grating 470 is movable with one or more parts of 478 together with diffractive optical element layer 490 in the middle of controlled.Every other moving slits will be in passive states, look like sightless user, and the each several part of zone of action is controlled in a similar manner by controller 38, it is no matter turn-on time by reducing some parts or by changing the voltage across the described parts of comings and goings grating, it causes the even virtual image of a spectral range and a rink corner scope to be presented to eye socket 42 to be received by user's eyes.Like this, each input angular range that waveguide 12 is supported and each wavelength coverage are movable for giving for certain portions of total frame rate of video source.
It should be noted, can also scan source be synchronizeed with various diffractive parts by waveguide, and use scan source with look sequential mode, it be movable making to only have at any given time those waveguide elements of propagating particular ray Shu Suoxu by waveguide.By controlling diffractive part, can adjust the size of beam and the relative intensity of illumination across the scope of Angular correlation beam.In addition, it should be noted, according to inclusions, the each several part of the diffractive part in waveguide can be placed in to closed condition to support better user's watching surrounding environment.
And, although that each in these embodiment is illustrated as is single simple eye with near-to-eye, any one in these can be matched and be installed to framework in the mode that presents eyes view to user with the image of the mirror image substantially of itself.In this case, can present three-dimensional image to beholder.In addition, can add camera, head tracking and/or eye tracking to assembly, allow real evaluation equipment whole integrated as a supplement.
Inputing or outputing in hole, can arrange multiple controlled diffractive parts in many different modes.For example, each controllable component can be additional to the surface of transmission back up pad.Can be with the orientation of expecting, these transmission back up pads are stacking together with its additional diffractive part, wherein between each back up pad, there is boundary layer.Under passive states, diffractive part can form the new surface of not interrupting of their transmission back up pad, and it directly arrives permission light in next back up pad and goes forward side by side into waveguide, therein or to its outside through back up pad.Under active state, one or more in controlled diffractive part serve as for optical diffraction being entered to waveguide in different directions, at ripple to interior or to the diffractive optical device outside waveguide.
Can be by the conductive layer pattern of controlled diffractive part to differently activate the different piece in hole, i.e. the different piece of diffractive part.That is to say, can make the different piece individually addressable in hole, make to use electronic control mechanism that one or more bore portions are switched to active state and other bore portions remain on passive states.Electronic Control structure can also provide the refringence that wherein can improve or reduce between convertible optical grating construction and its contiguous pairing diffraction structure to regulate the various intermediatenesses of diffraction efficiency.In addition, can make electronic control mechanism and synchronize such as the injection of the various images carrying beams from scanning optical apparatus, make can by the different piece in input and output hole and in various durations diffracted beam.For example, can launch higher incident angle beam by of a delivery outlet parts, and can launch lower incident angle beam by the different parts of delivery outlet, to come to form more greatly and more uniform pupil in eye socket by more available light.Can also be by synchronously regulating the duration of diffraction efficiencies or activation further to strengthen the uniformity degree of image in eye socket pupil across multiple parts in input and output hole with the transmitting (, the angle configuration of image) of the different piece of image.
Convertible multiple addressables grating combination is made to the selectivity diffraction of the particular range that allows wavelength to Angular correlation beam and incident angle to produce controlled hole.Then remaining image carrying light can freely be transmitted to the second addressable diffractive part, and its diffraction customizing messages also allows all the other Information Communications.The number that is present in the addressable diffractive part in hole depends on that incident light is by separated degree.Multiplexing in waveguide of this permission information allowing optimized and will be optimized to the efficiency (comprising the duration of activation) of each diffractive part of maximal efficiency for particular range of wavelengths and ranges of incidence angles.Therefore, can the control of the whole visual field to output image quality or the spectrum of recombinating be maximized by Electronic Control adjustment.
For input hole, the active state of given diffractive part allows hole serve as the diffractive optical device in the surface that is embedded into this particular waveguide and the light with given nominal wavelength is directed in waveguide.Under passive states, the input hole of this particular waveguide is opened and is allowed input picture is transferred to next input diffractive part or in surrounding environment.Because each electrode of convertible grating is addressable, thus the specific region that can activate independently hole with diffraction specific wavelength or incident angle, thereby allow visual field and be diffracted into the control of the information type in waveguide.This allows to carry out multiplexing input picture by the incident angle of light wavelength or beam.
For the convertible optical grating construction of middle addressable that can be used to input and output hole to interconnect, diffractive optical device image carrying light that the active state of giving limiting-members of convertible optical grating construction allows this movable part to serve as and is embedded in waveguide laterally redirect towards delivery outlet in waveguide.Under passive states, convertible optical grating construction serves as the not interrupting layer in waveguide to a great extent, its allow light be not subject to a great extent convertible optical grating construction impact advance, no matter this is only from surrounding environment source or at the image carrying light of waveguide inside.
For delivery outlet, the active state of given diffractive part allows hole serve as the diffractive optical device in the surface that is embedded into this particular waveguide and to expectation eye socket, launch image beared information from waveguide.Under the passive states of diffractive part, delivery outlet serves as the not interrupting layer in waveguide to a great extent, allows surrounding environment light directly through this waveguide.At the specific part of delivery outlet, in passive states, image carrying light continues to advance in waveguide, and in waveguide place, it can contact the movable part of delivery outlet subsequently.Sort of activity delivery outlet part can the different layers in same hole on, and sort of activity part can be on the layer identical with the inertia part of delivery outlet or covering on the different layers of inertia parts farther along waveguide.Because each electrode of diffractive part is addressable, so can activate independently one or more diffractive parts covering or that be laterally spaced with respect to the specific region of delivery outlet, to support by the multiplexing of delivery outlet and the control to eye socket position is provided.
Although controlled diffractive part has been described as comprising paired relatively convertible optical grating construction, can use other mechanisms for realizing similar diffraction property, comprise electronic hologram diffraction optical devices.

Claims (35)

1. a near-to-eye, comprising:
Waveguide, it propagates Angular correlation beam in the first limited angular region,
Image composer, it is created in the Angular correlation beam in the second wider angular region to form the virtual image,
The input hole of waveguide, it comprises multiple controllable component,
Each controllable component of input hole optionally operates as diffractive optical device to be infused in the subset of the Angular correlation beam on the finite part of the second angular range, with the subset along the relevant beam of waveguide propagation angle in the first angular range,
The delivery outlet of waveguide, it comprises multiple controllable component,
Each controllable component of output aperture optionally operate as diffractive optical device in case by the respective subset of Angular correlation beam outside eye socket is transmitted into waveguide, and
Controller, its make the operation of controllable component of delivery outlet and the different subsets of Angular correlation beam synchronous along the propagation of waveguide, to the described subset of Angular correlation beam is transmitted into outside waveguide, for present the virtual image in eye socket.
2. the near-to-eye of claim 1, wherein, a pairing in each controllable component of input hole and the described controllable component of delivery outlet, to inject and of the described subset of the relevant beam of emission angle.
3. the near-to-eye of claim 2, wherein, the described controllable component of input hole comprises multiple convertible diffractive optical devices, and described multiple convertible diffractive optical devices have the different effectual times for the different subsets by the relevant beam of different angles angle of diffraction.
4. the near-to-eye of claim 3, wherein, the described controllable component of delivery outlet comprises multiple convertible diffractive optical devices, described multiple convertible diffractive optical device has the different effectual time for the different subsets of the relevant beam of the angle angle of diffraction by different, the described controllable component of delivery outlet can the first state of substantial transparent for the subset of Angular correlation beam to according to the second state of the subset of the relevant beam of its period angle of diffraction between convert.
5. the near-to-eye of claim 4, wherein, described controller by the controlled output block of delivery outlet be transformed into for support delivery outlet by waveguide from eye socket the first state watched to surrounding environment.
6. the near-to-eye of claim 1, wherein, described image composer can be used to a series of Angular correlation beam being created in the second wider angular region, and described controller is that the operation of described controllable component of delivery outlet and the operation of image composer are synchronizeed, to the subset sequential transmissions of Angular correlation beam is prepared outward to waveguide.
7. the near-to-eye of claim 1, wherein, described waveguide comprises the front surface of contiguous eye socket, the rear surface that is close to surrounding environment and the Angular correlation beam length along its propagation, and the described parts in described input and output hole comprise independent controlled section, described independent controlled section is being arranged essentially parallel to relative shift in the front surface of waveguide and the direction of rear surface.
8. the near-to-eye of claim 7, wherein, the described parts of delivery outlet comprise the multiple parts that are arranged to grid.
9. the near-to-eye of claim 2, wherein, controller makes the operation of cheek in input and output hole synchronous, to inject and the subset of the relevant beam of emission angle.
10. the near-to-eye of claim 9, wherein, described waveguide comprises the rear surface of the front surface of contiguous eye socket, contiguous surrounding environment and the Angular correlation beam length along its propagation, and the described parts in input and output hole are included in and are substantially perpendicular to the parts that superpose in the front surface of waveguide and the direction of rear surface.
The near-to-eye of 11. claims 1, wherein, described image composer is that the Angular correlation beam producing in multiple different nominal wavelengths is prepared, each controllable component of input hole is that the subset of injecting the Angular correlation beam of of described multiple different nominal wavelengths is prepared, and each controllable component of delivery outlet can be used to the respective subset of the Angular correlation beam in the described multiple different nominal wavelengths of transmitting, to make the described subset of the Angular correlation beam in described different nominal wavelength overlapping in eye socket.
The near-to-eye of 12. claims 11, wherein, the described controllable component in input and output hole comprises multiple convertible diffractive optical devices, and described multiple convertible diffractive optical devices can convert between the second state of the subset of the first state of substantial transparent for the subset of Angular correlation beam and the relevant beam of angle of diffraction.
The near-to-eye of 13. claims 12, wherein, described controller is the operation of described controllable component in input and output hole and the operation of image composer to be synchronizeed prepare, to the subset of the Angular correlation beam of different nominal wavelengths is transmitted into outside waveguide.
The near-to-eye of 14. claims 1, diffractive optical device in the middle of also comprising, this centre diffractive optical device has along waveguide and is positioned between input and output hole so that the controllable part that optionally makes the subset of Angular correlation beam redirect towards delivery outlet.
The near-to-eye of 15. claims 14, wherein, the described part of described middle diffractive optical device spatially separates the subset of Angular correlation beam.
16. 1 kinds for transmitting the waveguide of the near-to-eye of the virtual image in eye socket to beholder's eyes by waveguide, comprising:
Plate-like body, it has in the face of the front surface of surrounding environment, for the rear surface in the face of eye socket and for by the length of carrying out the relevant beam of propagation angle from the successive reflex of front surface and rear surface,
The input hole of plate-like body, it has multiple controllable component, described multiple controllable component is for being jointly received in the Angular correlation beam on multiple wavelength of the pupil that limits virtual image maker, and for be infused in respectively the subset of the Angular correlation beam in described multiple wavelength coverage to plate-like body within the scope of described limited angle
The delivery outlet of plate-like body, it has multiple controllable component, described multiple controllable component is used for being received in respectively the subset of the Angular correlation beam on described multiple wavelength, and for be jointly transmitted in the described subset of the Angular correlation beam described multiple wavelength from waveguide
Each controllable component in input and output hole comprises convertible diffractive optical device, described convertible diffractive optical device can be at the first state of substantial transparent for the subset of the Angular correlation beam on described multiple wavelength and diffraction converts between the second one or more state in the subset of the Angular correlation beam on described multiple wavelength, and
Controller, it makes the conversion of described controllable component in described input and output hole synchronous, to one after the other inject and be transmitted in the subset of the Angular correlation beam on described multiple wavelength in the integrating range of beholder's eyes, jointly again to form the pupil of virtual image maker in eye socket.
The waveguide of 17. claims 16, wherein, the described controllable component of described input hole is that the subset of one after the other injecting the Angular correlation beam of different wavelength is prepared, and the described controllable component of described delivery outlet is that the respective subset of one after the other launching the Angular correlation beam in described different wave length in the integrating range of beholder's eyes is prepared, jointly again to form the pupil of colored virtual image maker in eye socket.
The waveguide of 18. claims 17, wherein, the described controllable component in described input and output hole is included in and is substantially perpendicular to stacking parts in the front surface of waveguide and the direction of rear surface.
The waveguide of 19. claims 16, wherein, described controller is the described controlled output block of delivery outlet to be converted between the first and second states to side by side support from watching and watching of the virtual image being produced by virtual image maker prepared surrounding environment in eye socket.
The waveguide of 20. claims 19, wherein, the described controllable component of described delivery outlet is included in the parts that are arranged essentially parallel to relative shift in the front surface of waveguide and the direction of rear surface.
The waveguide of 21. claims 20, wherein, described controller remains on the first state by least one in the parts of the described relative shift of delivery outlet to be supported in eye socket the watching of surrounding environment, simultaneously by the parts of the described relative shift of delivery outlet at least another is transformed into the second state to be supported in watching the virtual image in eye socket.
The waveguide of 22. claims 19, wherein, the described controllable component of described delivery outlet circulates in the integrating range of human eye between the first and second states, to present from eye socket, the overlapping of surrounding environment and the virtual image is watched.
The waveguide of 23. claims 16, wherein, diffractive optical device in the middle of also comprising, described in the middle of diffractive optical device comprise the controlled diffractive part of the Angular correlation beam of the wavelength different for diffraction respectively.
The waveguide of 24. claims 17, wherein, in the middle of described, the described controlled diffractive part of diffractive optical device comprises along plate-like body and being positioned between described input and output hole so that the controllable part that optionally makes the subset of Angular correlation beam redirect towards delivery outlet.
The waveguide of 25. claims 16, wherein, the described controllable component in described input and output hole comprises multiple convertible diffractive optical devices, and described multiple convertible diffractive optical devices have the different effectual times for the different subsets by the relevant beam of different angles angle of diffraction.
The waveguide of 26. claims 25, wherein, described convertible diffractive optical device comprise with each parts in described input and output hole in pairing optical grating construction be made into right convertible optical grating construction, and described convertible optical grating construction comprises electroactive material, this electroactive material has refractive index as follows, this refractive index can change to and refractive index unmatched another value substantially that is made into right pairing optical grating construction from the value of substantially mating with the index of refractive index that is made into right pairing optical grating construction, to described controllable component is converted between the first state and the second state.
27. 1 kinds for being relayed to eye socket by waveguide so that the method that presents the virtual image to beholder comprises step by the emergent pupil of image composer:
Be created in the Angular correlation beam on the angular range of emergent pupil that forms image composer,
The input hole of waveguide is orientated as and is approached the emergent pupil of image composer to receive described Angular correlation beam,
The controllable component of input hole is converted between the second state of Angular correlation beam described in the first state of substantial transparent for described Angular correlation beam and diffraction, so that to the subset of injecting respectively described Angular correlation beam in waveguide to propagate along waveguide within the scope of finite angle
The delivery outlet of waveguide is orientated as and approached eye socket, and
The controllable component of described delivery outlet is converted between the second state of Angular correlation beam described in the first state of substantial transparent for described Angular correlation beam and diffraction, so that the subset of launching respectively described Angular correlation beam from waveguide to eye socket on the angular range of emergent pupil that again forms image composer in eye socket.
The method of 28. claims 27, wherein, the step of conversion comprises that the duration of the conversion between the first and second states at least one the described controllable component in described input and output hole carries out timing, so that the intensity of the picture field that balance can be watched across the emergent pupil place of formation again.
The method of 29. claims 27, wherein, the step of conversion comprises at least one the diffraction efficiency of the second state of described controllable component of controlling in described input and output hole, so that the intensity of the picture field that balance can be watched across the emergent pupil place again forming.
The method of 30. claims 27, wherein, the step producing comprises and is created in the Angular correlation beam forming as in the wavelength coverage of the emergent pupil of the image composer of coloured image maker, and the step of conversion comprises: the described Angular correlation beam in diffraction different wave length in case to the subset of described Angular correlation beam of injecting respectively described different wave length in waveguide to propagate along waveguide within the scope of limited angle, and described in diffraction Angular correlation beam so that the subset of launching respectively the described Angular correlation beam in described different wave length in eye socket during again forming in the angle of emergent pupil of coloured image maker and wavelength coverage from waveguide to eye socket.
The method of 31. claims 30, wherein, the step of conversion comprises in succession each in described input and output hole is converted described independent controllable component, to one after the other inject and launch each subset of the described Angular correlation beam of described different wave length.
The method of 32. claims 27, also comprises the step subset of the described Angular correlation beam of propagating along waveguide being redirected towards delivery outlet with middle diffractive optical device.
The method of 33. claims 32, described input hole spatially separates the subset of described Angular correlation beam in a dimension, and in the middle of described, the parts of diffractive optical device spatially separate the subset of described Angular correlation beam in the second dimension.
The method of 34. claims 32, wherein, the step redirecting is included between the second state of Angular correlation beam described in the first state of substantial transparent for described Angular correlation beam and diffraction the controllable component of diffractive optical device in the middle of described is converted, to the subset of the Angular correlation beam of propagating to delivery outlet along waveguide from input hole is redirected respectively.
The method of 35. claims 27, wherein, supports the described limited angle scope of the propagation of described Angular correlation beam to be less than the angular range of the emergent pupil that forms image composer at its scope inner waveguide.
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US9400395B2 (en) 2016-07-26
US20140300966A1 (en) 2014-10-09
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EP2751611A1 (en) 2014-07-09
EP3309602A1 (en) 2018-04-18

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