CN104039461A - 用于在产雪炮中喷射液体尤其是水的喷嘴 - Google Patents

用于在产雪炮中喷射液体尤其是水的喷嘴 Download PDF

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CN104039461A
CN104039461A CN201280066467.5A CN201280066467A CN104039461A CN 104039461 A CN104039461 A CN 104039461A CN 201280066467 A CN201280066467 A CN 201280066467A CN 104039461 A CN104039461 A CN 104039461A
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达米安·齐乌巴西克
托马斯·雅诺思
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3415—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with swirl imparting inserts upstream of the swirl chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
    • B05B15/65—Mounting arrangements for fluid connection of the spraying apparatus or its outlets to flow conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0433—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of gas surrounded by an external conduit of liquid upstream the mixing chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water
    • F25C2303/0481—Snow making by using means for spraying water with the use of compressed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
    • Y10S239/04—O-ring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
    • Y10S239/19—Nozzle materials

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本分明涉及用于在产雪炮中喷射液体尤其是水的喷嘴。所述喷嘴包括圆柱形主体(1)、盖形螺母(2)和具有轴向喷射孔(5)的陶瓷配件(3)。一旋流插入件(4)安装在所述主体(1)与螺母(2)之间。所述插入件用具有至少两个涡流通道(10)的分隔壁(8)来分隔流体供应通道(9)。所述旋流插入件(4)具有凸缘(11)，其通过前O型圈(12)和后O型圈(13)将插入件轴向地固定在螺母(2)与主体(1)之间。前密封圈(12)安装在制造在旋流插入件(4)的表面上的矩形凹槽中。后密封圈(13)安装在制造在凸缘(11)的后表面的内角处的半圆形承槽(15)中。

Description

用于在产雪炮中喷射液体尤其是水的喷嘴
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在产雪炮中喷射液体，尤其是用于将水喷成雾状的喷嘴。喷嘴设计用来将低粘度的液体以及这样的液体和气体尤其是空气的混合物喷成雾状。在与环境的接触面积增大的情况下，液体进入有效的物理和化学变化，例如通过从液体到固体的状态改变。
背景技术
记载在专利说明书DE19723752中的已知喷射喷嘴具有圆柱形的主体和杯形螺母。具有喷射孔的配件以及在入口流体通道的背部侧上粘附到配件的旋流插入件安装在主体与杯形螺母之间。配件的喷射孔凭借入口锥连接到涡流室。旋流插入件凭借壁分隔流体入口通道。壁中制造有两个涡流通道，其轴线沿着喷嘴轴线对称地且旋涡状倾斜地设置。配件和旋流插入件由工业陶瓷或烧结粉末制造，其显著提高了对冲蚀磨损的抵抗力并且在技术上更简单。这些元件凭借螺母到主体的螺纹连接而被紧固。一个平压密封圈设置在主体与旋流插入件之间。密封圈由具有挠性-弹性特征的弹性材料制成。通过弹性垫的压力降低了易碎陶瓷元件损害的风险，所述易碎陶瓷元件对冲击、振动和超过允许装配应力敏感，尤其是在压应力情况下。螺母相对于主体的位置是轴向瞬变的而且螺母的表面与主体的凸缘之间存在间隙。具有喷射孔的配件的前表面与螺母相切，此外，喷嘴在旋流插入件和配件的接触平面上没有密封，如果液体的压力高，这可能引起通过螺纹连接的泄露。泄露的结果是不利的，例如引起结冰。
还有一些已知的用于喷射液体的喷嘴，其中，喷射由压缩空气能量支持。旋流插入件具有位于其分隔壁的轴线上的空气喷嘴，所述空气喷嘴凭借同轴的管子供应空气，同轴的管子的外径小于液体入口通道的直径并且其从主体的背部延伸到外部。这些方案以及其它方面描述在专利说明书US4101073和EP0855564中。引入涡流室的压缩空气将液体分解成精细颗粒并产生小冰晶，小冰晶在雪炮中用作成核剂，发起喷射水的结晶过程的冰晶核。
发明内容
根据本发明的方案具有，如上所述的喷嘴，圆柱形的主体和具有配件的杯形螺母，所述配件具有凭借入口锥连接到涡流室的喷射孔。在主体与螺母之间具有旋流插入件。所述旋流插入件凭借壁分隔流体入口通道。壁中制造有至少两个涡流通道而且所述通道的轴线沿着喷嘴轴线对称地且旋涡状倾斜地设置。喷嘴的这些元件还凭借由具有挠性-弹性特征的弹性材料制成的密封圈紧固。
本发明的实质在于旋流插入件具有凸缘，凭借该凸缘，旋流插入件通过具有圆形横截面的前后圈轴向地固定在螺母与主体之间。前圈位于矩形凹槽中，所述矩形凹槽制造在旋流插入件的与螺母表面相切的表面上，而后密封圈位于制造在凸缘的后表面的内角处的半圆形承槽内。从主体的相邻表面，后密封圈由具有锥形输入部的四分之一圆周承槽包围。
当螺母完全拧紧在主体上时，后密封圈的轴向变形量是其横截面直径的20％到40％，同时凸缘的表面与主体的表面之间的间隙不大于所述变形量。后密封圈由硬度在60至90IRHD的范围内的弹性材料制成，而且其硬度大于前密封圈的硬度。
有利的是，如果螺母在主体上的完全拧紧的位置通过以特定的扭矩值将螺母的螺纹拧紧在螺纹的尾部区域而确定。
还有利的是，如果螺母的完全拧紧的位置通过螺母的表面与制造在主体的外表面上的邻接凸缘的表面的接触而确定。
螺母制造为单一的金属件，但是在流体的高压力下，有利地是，如果螺母具有粘合在内部的配件。配件由陶瓷材料或烧结粉末制成并且其具有喷射孔、锥形输入部以及凸缘。所述凸缘的前表面与旋流插入件的前表面相切。
还有利的是，如果旋流插入件由陶瓷材料或烧结粉末制成。
本发明的进一步的变体在于旋流插入件具有位于分隔壁的轴线上的空气喷嘴，所述空气喷嘴凭借同轴的管子供给，所述管子的外径小于液体入口通道的直径而且所述管子从主体的背部突出。
根据本发明，固定并密封旋流插入件的密封圈在非标准条件下工作。后密封圈在具有非标准形状和尺寸的非封闭承槽中工作。所述圈通过螺母的初始拧紧倚靠狭槽区域中的表面被紧固，而且当喷嘴工作时，通过液体压力增强密封效果。圈背部上的空间没有承受任何压力。通过螺母的完全拧紧的位置，初始拧紧力被严格地确定。结果，预先设定值的轴向压缩力的再现性被实现，而且同时保持了连接的弹性。这种情况对于具有由易碎陶瓷材料制成的元件的喷嘴来说是特别有利的。
两个示例性实施例使得能够完全理解本发明。在第一个实施例中，喷嘴通过压力的能量喷射水，而在第二个实施例中，水喷射由压缩空气支持。喷嘴以多排方式沿圆周地安装在雪炮的圆柱形主体的环中。水喷嘴显示在图1至5中，而且被称为成核喷嘴的第二喷嘴显示在图6至8中。附图显示：
附图说明
图1是具有盖形螺母的水喷嘴的轴向截面，盖形螺母具有内置的陶瓷插入件。所述陶瓷插入件具有喷射孔。喷嘴显示为在螺母完全拧紧之前当元件处于无力接触时的位置。
图2显示了图1的细节“s”，密封圈的位置。
图3显示了螺母完全拧紧后的密封圈位置的细节“s”。
图4和图5分别显示了旋流插入件：图5中显示了A-A截面并通过旋流通道，以及前视图。
图6是成核喷嘴的轴向截面，处于螺母完全拧紧之前当元件处于无力接触时的位置。
图7和图8分别通过侧视图和前视图显示了具有空气喷嘴和管子的旋流插入件。
具体实施方式
图1至5所示的喷嘴包括圆柱形的主体1、具有粘附在其内的陶瓷配件3的盖形螺母2、以及旋流插入件4。螺母2由镀镍黄铜制成。陶瓷配件3具有位于其轴线上的喷射孔5，而且所述轴向喷射孔5从内侧凭借入口锥6连接到涡流室7。在通过螺纹接合而连接的主体1与螺母2之间，旋流插入件4安装在内部。旋流插入件4由工业陶瓷制成。插入件4具有分隔主体1内的水供应通道9的壁8。壁8中制造有两个涡流通道10，并且所述通道的轴线绕水喷嘴的轴线对称地且旋涡状倾斜地设置。水供应通道9被供应8至40巴压力的水。旋流插入件4通过凸缘11固定在螺母2与主体1之间。凸缘11由前密封圈12和后密封圈13轴向地包围，所述前、后密封圈均具有“O”型的圆形横截面。密封圈12和13由具有挠性-弹性特征的弹性材料制成，例如氟橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁二烯-丙烯腈橡胶。前密封圈12安装在矩形凹槽14中，矩形凹槽14制造在旋流插入件4的表面上并且所述表面与螺母2的表面相切，而后密封圈13安装在半圆形承槽15中，所述半圆形承槽制造在凸缘11的后表面的内角处。后密封圈13由具有锥形输入部17的四分之一圆周承槽16从主体1一侧包围。后密封圈13的直径D大于前密封圈12的直径d，此外，后密封圈13由具有90IRHD硬度的丁腈橡胶制成，而前密封圈12由具有70IRHD硬度的丁二烯-丙烯腈橡胶制成。主体1中的流体供应通道9具有六边形的横截面，为了方便将主体1拧入雪炮的圆筒体的环内。
图1和图2显示了当杯2拧到主体1上到达圈12和13与包围它们的表面接触的位置时的情形，圈没有变形。在凸缘11的表面与主体1的表面之间具有尺寸s1的狭槽。当螺母2完全拧紧到主体1上，图3，后密封圈13的轴向变形量Δ是直径D的大约27％，同时间隙尺寸减小至s2，比变形量Δ稍微小点。对于特定的材料尺寸术语，数控机床的高精确度以及扭矩的实验确定值，完全拧紧的螺母2的位置通过将螺母2拧紧在主体1上的螺纹尾部区域18而被反复地确定。如果在这个位置，螺母2的表面与制造在主体1的外表面上的邻接凸缘19相切，这是有利的。
在这个水喷嘴中的旋流插入件4由工业陶瓷制成，然而，显而易见的是，对于特定的条件，可以选择适当的材料，由于雾化液体的侵蚀性和其压力而适当的，这使得能够将螺母2和旋流插入件4作为单一的金属件制造，所述金属例如黄铜。
图6、7和8显示了根据本发明的喷嘴的第二个实施例，其中，通过压缩空气的能量为喷射喷嘴提供水。例如在产雪炮中，喷嘴将液体形成为精细颗粒并产生小的冰晶，其在雪炮中用作成核剂，发起喷射水的结晶过程的冰晶核。本发明第二变体的喷嘴不同仅在于通过空气喷嘴20供应压缩空气，所述空气喷嘴20制造在旋流喷嘴4的分隔壁8的轴线上。旋流喷嘴4永久性地连接到管子21，管子21的外径小于流体入口供应通道9的直径。所述管子21从主体1的背部延伸到外部，而且该具有密封圈22的延伸端部装入制造在产雪炮的圆筒体的环中的压缩空气供应通道的插座内。所述插座在附图中不可见。

Claims (6)

1.用于在产雪炮中喷射液体尤其是水的喷嘴，所述喷嘴包括圆柱形主体1和盖形螺母2并且具有安装在主体1与螺母2之间的旋流插入件4，所述盖形螺母具有从内侧凭借入口锥6连接到涡流室7的轴向喷射孔5，所述旋流插入件用壁8分隔流体供应通道9，所述壁具有至少两个涡流通道10而且所述通道的轴线绕水喷嘴的轴线对称地且旋涡状倾斜地设置，同时所述元件(1，2和4)通过具有挠性-弹性特征的弹性材料螺纹连接紧固，其特征在于，所述旋流插入件4具有凸缘11，用所述凸缘，所述插入件通过前密封圈12和后密封圈13轴向地固定在螺母2与主体1之间，所述两个密封圈都具有圆形横截面，前密封圈12安装在矩形凹槽14中，所述矩形凹槽制造在旋流插入件4的表面上并且所述表面与螺母2的表面相邻，而且后密封圈13安装在半圆形承槽15中，所述半圆形承槽制造在凸缘11的后表面的内角处，而且，从主体1一侧，后密封圈13由具有锥形输入部17的四分之一圆周承槽16包围，而且在螺母2的拧紧位置，后密封圈13的轴向变形量Δ是其横截面的直径D的20％至40％，同时凸缘11和主体1的表面之间的间隙s2的尺寸不大于变形量Δ，此外，后密封圈13由具有60-90IRHD硬度的弹性体制成而且其硬度大于前密封圈12的硬度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，螺母2的完全拧紧的位置通过以确定的扭矩值将螺母2的螺纹拧紧在主体1上的螺纹尾部区域18上而确定。
3.据权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，螺母2的完全拧紧的位置通过螺母2的表面和制造在主体1的外部表面上的邻接凸缘19的接触而确定。
4.根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，螺母2具有粘附在其杯形部内部的配件3，所述配件由陶瓷或烧结粉末制成并且其具有喷射孔5、入口锥6以及凸缘，配件的凸缘的环形表面与旋流插入件4的表面相切。
5.根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，所述旋流插入件4由陶瓷或烧结粉末制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，所述旋流插入件4在壁8的轴线上具有空气喷嘴20，所述空气喷嘴通过同轴的管子21供应，所述管子的外径小于流体入口供应通道9的直径而且所述管子21从主体1的背部延伸到外部。
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