CN104037493B - Multilayer multi-turn structure for efficient wireless communication - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is the multilayer multi-turn structure for efficient wireless communication.A kind of structure for wireless communication, comprising: multiple conductor layers；The insulator layer that each conductor layer is separated；And at least one connector of two conductor layers in connecting conductor layer；Wherein when induct in the resonator at preset frequency electric signal when, resistance reduce.

Description

Multilayer multi-turn structure for efficient wireless communication

Technical field

This theme relates generally to design, operate and manufacture wireless power and/or data are sent and/or the side of communication system Method, system and equipment, and more particularly, to design, operation and manufacture near field wireless power and/or data transmission And/or the efficient configuration of communication system.

Background technique

In recent years, sent using near field wireless power and/or data and/or the application of communication system (e.g., business electronic, Medical system, military system, high frequency transformer, the microelectronics or its micro-electro-mechanical systems transmitted including nanoscale power and/or data System (MEMS), industry, science, medical (ISM) band receiver, wireless sensor etc.) it is restricted in acquisition optimization aspect of performance, Because antenna used in these systems has relatively low quality factor.

The relatively low quality factor of these wireless transmissions and/or communication system are mainly due to referred to as " skin effect " The phenomenon that caused high electrical resistance loss.In general, skin effect is the trend that alternating current (AC) is distributed in conductor, so that Current density plays a leading role near conductive surface, and remaining electric conductor is relative to electric current ' unused '.Because of current density Typically decay with conductive surface distance, so remaining electric conductor is relative to electric current ' unused '.Electric current is almost It is flowed about entirely on surface, referred to as " become skin " of " conductor ".The depth on current distance surface is referred to as " skin depth "." become skin Depth " defines active electric signal conducting path in transmission and/or communication, and conductor is defined as that electric signal can be conducted Main body.

In the system for being sent and/or being communicated using wireless power and/or data, skin effect phenomenon is usually in electric current stream Cause energy loss when crossing antenna lead (wire) and circuit.It is most of electronic equipments or dress in the high electrical resistance loss of high frequency Set the problem of facing.Skin effect becomes more universal when working frequency improves.As frequency is got higher, usually flow through to form this The electric current of the entire cross section of the lead of antenna becomes to be confined to its surface.As a result, the effective resistance of lead with compared with ligament Effective resistance is similar, rather than the effective resistance that the lead of the actual diameter of process can be distributed with electric current is similar.Low Frequency shows to may be allowed the lead of resistance in high frequency transition for effective performance to be the lead with unacceptable resistance.From can Resistance is allowed to be transformed to inefficient power and/or data transmission and/or communication system to unacceptable resistance, it can not Electric signal required for conduction in a particular application.Therefore, current Antenna Design can not solve these inefficiencies, in some feelings Under condition, exacerbates wireless power and/or data are sent and/or communication system inefficiencies.Although not being exhaustion, by current day The typical case of the limitation of line technology include for example radio frequency identification (RFID), battery charge and recharge, telemetry, sensing, Communication, asset tracking, patient monitoring, data input and/or retrieval etc..These system components overheat, data retrieval rate and Precision, the rate of energy transmission, transmission range constraint and send misalignment limitation be wireless power and/or data send and/or Other serious problems in communications applications.

In implantable medical equipment (IMD) using (e.g., pacemaker, defibrillator, nerve modulation or neuromuscular stimulation are set It is standby) in, it is expected that minimum electrochemical cell recharge time.For example, battery recharge time, to reduce patient uncomfortable, inconvenient faster A possibility that duration and injury.It, can be from a distance of farther distance, and not if antenna has less resistance loss Realize that battery recharges in the case where damage performance with the misalignment to antenna or higher tolerance of getting lost.It is known to be difficult to Accurate pointing and alignment are realized, particularly with fat patient.Alternatively and/or additionally, if system can remained successful It is designed while performance characteristics needed for operating and actually manufactures smaller size of structure, then can reduce the overall dimensions of IMD.

It in RFID application (e.g., supply chain management, product certification and asset tracking), needs to increase read range, improves Reading rate improves system reliability and improves system accuracy.Such as in high frequency, read range is at most three feet, this for It is usually inadequate for tray tracking.Hyperfrequency reader realizes eight to ten feet of bigger reading distance, however it Introduce other performance issues, such as metallic reflection or water absorption signal or display it is unreadable, read field in blind spot.Increase Big read range needs concentration power to promote to be reflected back signal to obtain better performance, thus more effectively structure has Help solve these problems.

In the application for needing effective low-loss coil (needing to keep resonance under severe conditions), it is traditional based on The antenna of lead can deformation occurs.It is well known that any deformation in wire cross-sectional face will will lead to inductance and possible resistance Change, will then change the resonance frequency of antenna, and thus will increase the resistance of whole system.Improved manufacture reduction jeopardizes The method of the structure of these types of a possibility that deformation can eliminate the problem.This introduction includes that manufacture is set including fine structure The method of meter and fixed flexible structure design the two.

In the cut-and-try process to solve the above problems, twisted wire (Litz wire) is partly developed.However, twisted wire It is generally inadequate to for frequency applications, thus in the application with about 3MHz or more working frequency is generally not very useful.It twists Zygonema be include winding or be woven into unified pattern multiple individual insulation magnetic leads lead so that per share lead is easy to account for According to all possible positions in the cross section of entire conductor.The multiply configuration or twisted configuration be designed to minimize due to The power loss showed in solid conductor caused by " skin effect ".Litz construction attempts the amount by increasing surface area Conductor size is not significantly increased to offset the effect.However, causing to twist due to being twisted into the limitation of stock even if compatibly constructing Zygonema still shows some skin effects.The lead for being intended for lower frequency range generally requires more fine gauge sizes Stock, rather than same cross-sectional area but the twisted wire including less and larger stock.The provider of twisted wire provides and can be improved The highest frequency of the configuration of efficiency is about 3MHz.There is currently no the answering more than the maximum frequency limit of this 3MHz for working frequency Solution.

It is then desired to which the intrinsic resistance of improved high efficiency antenna design and reduction structure is lost, especially reduces in high frequency and tie The manufacturing method to realize high quality factor is lost in the intrinsic resistance of structure.

Summary of the invention

Teachings herein by using multilayer lead concept increase structure in conductance area, alleviate cause it is more low-quality One or more above problems that the high electrical resistance in high frequency of factor is lost.Multilayer lead-line configuration results in subtracting for conductor losses The raising of small and structure quality factor.Present teachings apply to for near-field energy transmitting, power transfer, data transmitting or its group The wireless transmission of conjunction and/or communication.More specifically, present teachings apply to be directed to near-field energy network, power network or data network The wireless transmission of network (any and all combinations including these networks) and/or communication.

It is to be not necessarily to interconnecting line, the electric energy hair from power source to electric loading that wireless energy transfer or wireless power, which are sent, It send.For the wireless transmission of energy, power or data, efficiency is important parameter, because must be reached by sending signal by one or more A receiver is to realize system application.It is related to energy, power or data using the direct induction that resonance magnetic induction follows to execute The wireless transmission of the most common form of transmitting.The other methods considered at present include electromagnetic radiation, such as, but not limited to microwave Or laser.

In addition, wireless energy receives or wireless power reception is to receive electric flux without interconnecting line, from power source.It is right In the wireless receiving of energy, power or data, efficiency is important parameter, because the reception of signal must emit from one or more Machine is received to realize system application.In this way, direct induction, resonance magnetic induction can be used and with microwave or laser form Electromagnetic radiation executes the wireless receiving of the form including energy, power or data.

In addition, the embodiment of the present invention can carry out the wireless communication of electric energy, electrical power and/or data without lead.Nothing Line communication includes the transmission and/or reception of electric energy, electrical power and/or data simultaneously or independently.

The one side of this introduction is a kind of for wireless power and/or data transmitting or received resonator, wherein passing through Useful conductor cross sectional area in wire cross-sectional face is maximized the minimum resistive losses in resonator.In a reality It applies in example, resonator includes conduction (conducting) material layer to generate by introducing non-conductive dielectric layer in its lead With the alternate structure of layer of non-conductive material, to reduce unnecessary high frequency skin effect.The structure effectively provides increase The surface of quantity, each surface has its feature skin depth, and all surface is electrically connected.The range of skin depth can be From the approximate half of conductor depth to approximately equal to conductor depth.The range of conductor depth can be skin depth to skin depth Twice.However, depending on available technology, cost and application, conductor depth can be 20 times of skin depth or more.

Resonator includes the coil with an at least circle, and coil is made of multilayer lead.Multilayer lead may include By the first and second conductive layers of layers of insulating material separate.Conductive (conductive) layer can have essentially identical thickness And/or depth, wherein the range of the thickness and/or depth can be twice from skin depth to skin depth.However, taking Certainly it can be 20 times of skin depth or more in available technology, cost and application, conductor thickness and/or depth.Each At least one interconnecting method (such as, but not limited to hole, solder, connector, lead, pin or rivet) can be used each other in conductive layer Electrical connection.

One purpose of non-conductive layers is to make two different conducting shell insulation.The most basic design of non-conductive layers is in ideal In the case of be as manufacturing process is practical allow as it is thin, but still provide enough insulation characterisitics.For example, leading in PCB technology It crosses " core thickness " and " prepreg thickness " and carrys out the thickness of marker.In another design, the thickness of non-conductive layers is selected Modify the electrical behavior of structure.

Resonator can have the quality factor greater than 100.Preferably, quality factor are greater than 300.It is highly preferred that quality Factor is greater than 600.It will be apparent to those skilled in art that it is equal to need the system of two resonators can have And the resonator of even similar qualities factor.In addition, it will be apparent to those skilled in art that needing two resonators System can use such resonator, one of resonator have qualities substantially different from another resonator because Number.The quality factor selection of each resonator will depend on the meaning of application, the design specification of each resonator and each resonator To using.It will be understood that the system of traditional inductance coupling utilizes the resonator with quality factor about 30.In addition, this field Technical staff will be apparent that the quality factor of resonator can depend on used environment, thus for example in sky Resonator with quality factor 100 in gas may only have 50 quality factor when being implanted into mankind or animal tissue.It is in office It anticipates in given environment, MLMT structure described herein should be better than traditional resonator.

Thus, efficient, extension model may be implemented in the internal resistance that the reduction resonator being lost in lead is substantially reduced Enclose, the less energy of consumption, the compact wireless system with longer runing time and simplified operation, such as overheat without generating Etc hazardous events.

In one example, it discloses a kind of for transmitting wirelessly or the structure of wireless receiving.The structure is designed to use In wireless transmission and/or receive electric flux, electromagnetic energy and/or electrical power.In addition, the structure can be realized electronic data hair It send.In addition, the structure can send and/or receive or be sent separately together and/or receive electric flux, electromagnetic energy, electricity The combination of power and electronic data.

The structure may include: multiple conductor layers；Separate the insulator layer of each conductor layer；And connection two or more At least one connector of multiple conductor layers.Each of multiple conductor layers can have an at least circle, and can also be with Parallel direction is placed.Each conductor layer can be formed by conductive (electrically conductive) material.Conductive material It may include copper, titanium, platinum and platinum/iridium alloy, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, Nitinol (nitinol), Co-Cr-Ni alloy, stainless Steel, gold, billon, palladium, carbon, silver, noble metal or biocompatible material and any combination thereof.Conductor layer can have for example but It is not limited to the cross section shape of circular cross section, rectangular cross section, square cross section, triangular cross section or oval cross section Shape.The connector of connecting conductor layer can be but not limited to hole, solder, connector, lead, pin or rivet.

The structure can have the tubular configuration of such as, but not limited to round helical, the tubular configuration of rectangular helical, round spiral shell Revolve shape configuration, the configuration of square spiral shape, rectangular arrangement, triangular arrangement, the tubular configuration of round screw thread-helical, square spiral-spiral shell The planform of spool shape configuration and the tubular configuration of conformal helical.Other configurations can be used for modifying the electrical characteristics of the structure.

When induct in resonator in a frequency electric signal when, can reduce the resistance in structure.It can be from about The frequency is selected in the frequency range of 100kHz to 10GHz.In addition, the frequency can be from about 100kHz to about 10GHz Frequency band or in the range of about 1MHz to about 10GHz.Electric signal can be electric current, voltage, digital data signal or its Any combination.

In another example, a kind of structure for wireless communication is disclosed, comprising: multiple conductor layers；Separation is each led The insulator layer of body layer；And at least one connector of two or more conductor layers is connected, so that working as at a frequency at this Induct in structure electric signal when, resistance is diminishbb.Conductor layer may include in conductive strips, conductive bar and deposited metal extremely It is one few.It in some instances, can be from about 100kHz to selecting the frequency in the frequency range of about 3MHz.At other In example, the frequency can be frequency band in the range of about 100kHz to about 3MHz.It in another example, can be with From about 3MHz to selecting the frequency in the frequency range of about 10GHz.In another example, the frequency can be Frequency range in the range of about 3MHz to about 10GHz.

Each of multiple conductor layers can have parallel direction.The number of multiple conductor layers can be less than or equal to layer Sum, and in parallel can be electrically connected.Multiple conductor layers of parallel connection electrical connection can be with more than second a conductor layers for being connected in parallel In one or more conductor layers be electrically connected in series.Electric signal may include in energy signal, power signal and data-signal At least one.Electric signal may include at least one of electric current, voltage or digital data signal.The structure can have greatly In 100 quality factor.The structure further includes the circuit elements selected from the group including resistor, inductor and capacitor Part.Conductor layer may include cross-sectional shape, wherein the cross-sectional shape include circular cross section, it is rectangular cross section, rectangular At least one of cross section, triangular cross section or oval cross section.The connector may include hole, solder, connector, At least one of lead, pin, rivet etc..

The structure can have planform, and the planform may include the tubular configuration of round helical, rectangular spiral shell The configuration of spool shape, the configuration of round screw thread shape, the configuration of square spiral shape, rectangular arrangement, triangular arrangement, round screw thread-solenoid At least one of shape configuration, the tubular configuration of square spiral-helical and the tubular configuration of conformal helical.The multiple conductor layer can be with With an at least circle.It can be formed from conductive materials at least one conductor layer, conductive material includes that copper, titanium, platinum and platinum/iridium close Gold, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, Nitinol, Co-Cr-Ni alloy, stainless steel, gold, billon, palladium, carbon, silver, noble metal and biology At least one of compatible material.It is formed from an electrically-insulative material at least one insulator layer, electrically insulating material includes air, foam Polystyrene, silica, suitable bio-compatible ceramics or any similar dielectric with low-k have Gao Jie At least one of non-conducting dielectric and Ferrite Material of electric constant.The structure may include with resonator, day In the equipment and Medical Devices of at least one of line, RFID label tag, RFID transponder.

In another example, it discloses a kind of for transmitting wirelessly or the resonator of wireless receiving.The resonator is set Meter is for transmitting wirelessly and/or receiving electric flux, electromagnetic energy and electrical power.In addition, the resonator can be realized electron number According to send or receive.In addition, the resonator can send and/or receive or be sent separately together and/or receive electric energy The combination of amount, electromagnetic energy, electrical power and electronic data.

The resonator may include multiple conductors, each conductor have conductor length, conductor height, conductor depth and Conductive surface with skin depth.The range of skin depth can be from the approximate half of conductor depth to approximately equal to conductor Depth.The range of conductor depth can be skin depth to twice of skin depth.However, depend on available technology, cost and Using conductor depth can be 20 times of skin depth or more.Multiple conductor layers can have an at least circle.In addition, It is deep that each of multiple conductor layers may or may not have essentially identical conductor length, conductor height or conductor Degree.It can be formed from conductive materials conductor layer.Conductive material may include copper, titanium, platinum and platinum/iridium alloy, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, Nitinol, Co-Cr-Ni alloy, stainless steel, gold, billon, palladium, carbon, silver, noble metal or biocompatible material and its any Combination.

Multiple conductors can be arranged to form resonator body.Resonator body can have resonator body length, Resonator body width resonator subject depth.When by resonator body induct electric signal when, propagation of electrical signals passes through tool There are the conduction surfaces of skin depth.Electric signal can be electric current, voltage, digital data signal or any combination thereof.

Multiple conductors in resonator may include the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer separated by insulator layer, In the first conductor layer connect by least one connector and second conductor layer or more.Conductor can have for example but It is not limited to the cross section shape of circular cross section, rectangular cross section, square cross section, triangular cross section or oval cross section Shape.The resonator can have that such as, but not limited to round helical is tubular, the tubular configuration of rectangular helical, round screw thread shape are matched Set, the configuration of square spiral shape, rectangular arrangement, the tubular configuration of triangular arrangement, round screw thread-helical, square spiral-helical it is tubular The planform of configuration or the tubular configuration of conformal helical.

At least one of multiple conductor layers may include at least one of conductive strips, conductive bar and deposited metal.Telecommunications It number may include at least one of energy signal, power signal and data-signal.Electric signal can also be electric current, voltage or number At least one of digital data signal.The resonator has about 100 quality factor.It is formed from an electrically-insulative material at least one A insulator layer, electrically insulating material include but is not limited to air, foamed polystyrene, silica, suitable bio-compatible pottery Porcelain or any similar dielectric with low-k, in non-conducting dielectric and Ferrite Material with high dielectric constant At least one.

By using the resonator body of at least one frequency, can induct electric signal.It in some instances, can be from big The selection frequency in the frequency range of about 100kHz to about 3MHz.In other examples, the frequency can be about Frequency band in the range of 100kHz to about 3MHz.It in another example, can frequency model from about 3MHz to about 10GHz Enclose the interior selection frequency.In another example, the frequency can be in the range of about 3MHz to about 10GHz Frequency range.It in another example, can be from about 100kHz to selecting the frequency in the frequency range of about 10GHz.Another In example, the frequency can be frequency band in the range of about 100kHz to about 10GHZ.The resonator further include from Including resistor, inductor and capacitor group in the circuit element that selects, and may include with resonator, antenna, In the equipment and Medical Devices of at least one of RFID label tag, RFID transponder.

It also discloses a kind of for transmitting wirelessly or the circuit of wireless receiving.The circuit is designed to transmit wirelessly And/or receive electric flux, electromagnetic energy and/or electrical power.In addition, the circuit can be realized the transmission of electronic data.In addition, The circuit can send and/or receive or be sent separately together and/or receive electric flux, electromagnetic energy, electrical power and electricity The combination of subdata.

Passive element, such as inductor, capacitor is widely used in circuit in high frequency.This circuit configuration it is some Example includes but is not limited to band logical, high pass and low-pass filter；Mixer (for example, Gilbert unit)；Such as The oscillator of Colpitts, Pierce, Hartley and Clap etc；And such as difference, push-and-pull, feedback and radio frequency (RF) it The amplifier of class.Specifically, inductor is as source negative feedback component for the matching and feedback in low noise discharger (LNA).Collection Total inductance device is also the key element in RF circuit and monolithic integrated microwave circuit (MMIC).Lumped inductor is used on piece Distribution network, wherein transmission line structure can have excessive length.In general, they also serve as RF choke coil, allow biased electrical Stream is supplied to circuit, while in RF frequency and broadband high impedance provided above.Reconfigurable networks, antenna and subsystem are come Say it is that ideal RF mems switch, matching network and varactor are also required to high Q inductor.Note that passive electric circuit element and The lamped element of such as lumped inductor etc may be used interchangeably, and passive electric circuit element is more broadly term.Passive circuit It is lead that element, which can be inductor, capacitor, resistor or passive electric circuit element,.Nearly all above-mentioned non-limiting In examples of circuits, it is expected that passive block is lowest loss.

It is assumed that the circuit in high frequency exceedingly uses the passive element of such as inductor and capacitor etc, inductance is provided The embodiment of device, but not limited to this.Specifically, it is contemplated that inductor, design should to obtain maximum Q, while it is expected Inductance value.In other words, it needs to minimize the resistance loss in inductor.Depending on working frequency, substrate usable area, Using and technology, inductor can be implemented as TEM/ transmission line, conducting ring or multiple shapes (such as, but not limited to, round, square It is shape, ellipse, rectangular or arranged irregularly) spiral shape/helical it is tubular/composite structure, but not limited to this.This can be used Multilayered structure in invention realizes all these non-limiting embodiments.

In another example, resonator, a part as bigger circuit are discussed.Resonator is one or more specific Frequency or one or more frequency bands (referred to as resonance frequency) show the device or system of resonance (that is, oscillation).At one or more At a resonance frequency or one or more frequency bands, there are the minimum impedances of oscillation.In the context of circuit, in one or more It is anti-that there are minimum resistances at resonance frequency or one or more frequency bands.MLMT structure of the invention can be under two primary conditions As resonator: (1) when its do not have any additional electronic components environment in design MLMT structure in one or more At specific frequency or one or more frequency bands when resonance；(2) when its combine other assemblies (such as, but not limited to, capacitor, electricity Container group, capacitor and/or inductor network) environment in design MLMT structure in one or more specific frequencies or one Or at multiple frequency bands when resonance.Therefore, resonator can be a part of bigger circuit, and resonator behavior can be designed as One or more frequencies or one or more frequency band or with one or more frequencies of one or more specific bandwidths or one Or occur at multiple frequency bands.Add-on assemble (for example, resistance) can also be added to change bandwidth.

It also discloses a kind of for transmitting wirelessly or the system of wireless receiving.The system be designed to wireless transmission and/ Or receive electric flux, electromagnetic energy and electrical power.In addition, the system can be realized the transmission of electronic data.In addition, the system System can send or be sent separately together the combination of electric flux, electromagnetic energy, electrical power and electronic data.

The system may include: the first resonator, and first resonator includes multiple first conductors, and each first leads Body is with the first conductor length, the first conductor height, the first conductor depth and with the first conductivity meter of the first skin depth Face.Multiple first conductors can be arranged to form with the first resonator body length, the first resonator body width and First resonator body of one resonator body depth.The system can also include the second resonator, second resonator Including multiple second conductors, each second conductor has the second conductor length, the second conductor height, the second conductor depth and tool There is the second conductive surface of the second skin depth.Multiple second conductors can be arranged to form long with the second resonator body Second resonator body of degree, the second resonator body width and the second resonator body depth.First skin depth and second Skin depth can be the approximate half of conductor depth to being approximately equal to conductor depth.First and second conductors can have at least One circle, each of multiple first and second conductor layers may or may not have essentially identical conductor length, lead Body height or conductor depth.The range of first conductor depth and the second conductor depth can be skin depth to the two of skin depth Times.However, depending on available technology, cost and application, the first conductor depth and the second conductor depth can be skin depth 20 times or more.Can be formed from conductive materials the first and second conductor layers, conductive material be such as but not limited to copper, Titanium, platinum and platinum/iridium alloy, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, Nitinol, Co-Cr-Ni alloy, stainless steel, gold, billon, palladium, carbon, silver, Noble metal or biocompatible material and any combination thereof.

When propagation of electrical signals passes through the first resonator body, propagation of electrical signals passes through the first conduction with skin depth Surface, the electric signal also inducted through the second resonator body.The electric signal inducted propagates through the second conduction in skin depth Surface.Electric signal can be electric current, voltage and digital data signal or combinations thereof.

Multiple first conductors may include the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer separated by insulating layer, wherein first leads Body layer passes through at least one connector and the second conductor layer or more and connect.The connector of connecting conductor layer can be example Such as, but not limited to, hole, solder, connector, lead, pin or rivet.First conductor can have the first cross-sectional shape, Yi Ji Two conductors can have the second cross-sectional shape.First and second cross-sectional shapes are non-limiting, and can be circle One of cross section, rectangular cross section, square cross section, triangular cross section or oval cross section.

First resonator can have first structure shape and the second resonator can have the second planform.The One and second planform be non-limiting, and can be round helical it is tubular configuration, the tubular configuration of rectangular helical, circle Helical configuration, the configuration of square spiral shape, rectangular arrangement, triangular arrangement, the tubular configuration of round screw thread-helical, square spiral- The tubular configuration of helical or the tubular configuration of conformal helical.

Furthermore there is disclosed a kind of manufactures for transmitting wirelessly or the method for the structure of wireless receiving.For described in manufacture Method creates the structure that can transmit wirelessly and/or receive electric flux, electromagnetic energy and electrical power.In addition, generated structure It can be realized sending or receiving for electronic data.In addition, generated structure can send and/or receive together or discretely send out Send and/or receive the combination of electric flux, electromagnetic energy, electrical power and electronic data.

The method may include steps: creating multiple conductor layers, has insulator between each conductor layer；And At least one connection is formed between two conductor layers of multiple conductor layers.The connector of connecting conductor layer can be hole, solder, connect Head, lead, pin or rivet, but not limited to this.Conductor layer can be created by the deposition by exposure mask.Create multiple conductors Layer and have between each conductor layer the step of insulator can with the following steps are included: the upper surface of second conductive layer placement First conductive layer, and utilize first insulator by the first conductive layer and the second conductive layers apart.In addition, two in multiple conductors The step of at least one connection is formed between a conductor may comprise steps of: at least two conductors in connecting conductor layer Layer, including but not limited to hole, solder, connector, lead, pin or rivet.It can be formed from conductive materials conductor layer.Conductive material It may include copper, titanium, platinum and platinum/iridium alloy, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, Nitinol, Co-Cr-Ni alloy, stainless steel, gold, Jin He Gold, palladium, carbon, silver, noble metal or biocompatible material and any combination thereof.

Also disclose it is a kind of for operating structure to provide the method for wireless transmission or wireless receiving.The method includes with Lower step: offer can transmit wirelessly and/or the structure of wireless receiving electric flux, electromagnetic energy and/or electrical power.In addition, institute State method and provide following steps: offer can be realized the structure that electronic data sends or receives.In addition, the method offer is following Step: providing can send and/or receive or be sent separately together and/or receive electric flux, electromagnetic energy, electrical power and electricity The combined structure of subdata.

It the described method comprises the following steps: multiple conductors are provided, each conductor has conductor length, conductor height, conductor Depth and conductive surface with skin depth.In addition, the method includes the steps: range is provided in the approximation of conductor depth Half to be approximately equal to conductor depth in skin depth.The range of conductor depth is skin depth to twice of skin depth. However, depending on available technology, cost and application, conductor depth can be 20 times of skin depth or more.It is multiple to lead Body layer can be arranged to form resonator body, and the resonator body has resonator body length, resonator body wide Spend resonator subject depth；And electric signal of inducting at least one of multiple conductors, so that electric signal passes through the skin depth that becomes The conduction surfaces of degree are propagated.Electric signal can be electric current, voltage, digital data signal or any combination thereof.

The method can be with the following steps are included: providing more than second a conductors, each second conductor has the second conductor Length, the second conductor height, the second conductor depth and the second conductive surface with the second skin depth, plurality of second Conductor is arranged to form the second resonator body, and second resonator body has the second resonator body length, second Resonator body width and the second resonator body depth.When electric signal is propagated by resonator body, propagation of electrical signals is logical The conduction surfaces of skin depth, the electric signal also inducted through the second resonator body are crossed, and electric signal of inducting becomes with second Skin depth propagates through the second conduction surfaces.

Multiple conductors may include the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer separated by insulator layer, wherein the first conductor Layer is connect by least one connector with the second conductor layer.In addition, at least two conductor layers in connecting conductor layer are at least One connection includes but is not limited to hole, solder, connector, lead, pin or rivet.Conductor, which can have, is not limited to rounded cross section Face, rectangular cross section, square cross section, triangular cross section and oval cross section cross-sectional shape.Multiple conductor layers can To have an at least circle, each of multiple conductor layers may or may not have essentially identical conductor length, lead Body height and conductor depth.It can be formed from conductive materials conductor layer.Conductive material may include that copper, titanium, platinum and platinum/iridium close Gold, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, Nitinol, Co-Cr-Ni alloy, stainless steel, gold, billon, palladium, carbon, silver, noble metal or biology Compatible material or any combination thereof.

Resonator can have be not limited to round helical it is tubular configuration, rectangular helical it is tubular configuration, round screw thread shape configuration, The configuration of square spiral shape, rectangular arrangement, the tubular configuration of triangular arrangement, round screw thread-helical, square spiral-helical is tubular matches It sets or the planform of the tubular configuration of conformal helical.Other advantages and new feature will be partly proposed in the following description, It part will be when examining the following contents and attached drawing it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that and exemplary generation can be passed through Or operation is known.It can be by practicing or using each of method, means and the combination proposed in detailed example discussed below A aspect is come the advantages of realizing and obtain this introduction.

Detailed description of the invention

Attached drawing describes one or more embodiments according to this introduction for being only not intended to limitation as example.Attached In figure, similar reference number indicates same or similar element.

Fig. 1 shows the AC current distribution of the stable state unidirectional current by homogeneity conductor；

Fig. 2 shows the AC current distributions as caused by skin effect at the frequency of raising；

Fig. 3 is the diagram of skin depth relative frequency；

Fig. 4 shows the high level illustration of the structure for wireless power transmitting；

Fig. 5 A shows the example of the antenna in the tubular configuration of round helical；

Fig. 5 B shows the example of the antenna in the tubular configuration of rectangular helical；

Fig. 5 C shows the example of the antenna in the configuration of round screw thread shape；

Fig. 5 D shows the example of the antenna in the configuration of square spiral shape；

Fig. 5 E shows the example of the antenna in the configuration of multilayer square spiral shape；

Fig. 5 F shows the example of the antenna in the tubular configuration of round screw thread-helical；

Fig. 5 G shows the example of the antenna in the tubular configuration of square spiral-helical；

Fig. 5 H shows the example of the antenna in the tubular configuration of conformal helical；

Fig. 6 A shows the example of the single turn circular coil with N layers；

Fig. 6 B shows the example of N layers of double circle round screw thread-solenoid-shaped coils；

Fig. 7 A shows the example of the antenna with circular cross section；

Fig. 7 B shows the example of the antenna with rectangular cross section；

Fig. 7 C shows the example of the antenna with square cross section；

Fig. 7 D shows the example of the antenna with triangular cross section；

Fig. 7 E shows the example of the antenna with oval cross section；

Fig. 7 F shows the rectangular cross section of antenna；

Fig. 8 A shows the stacked antenna with circular cross section；

Fig. 8 B shows the stacked antenna with rectangular cross section；

Fig. 9 A shows the single turn antenna with 1 layer；

Fig. 9 B shows the single turn antenna with 11 layers；

Fig. 9 C shows the single turn antenna with 20 layers；

Fig. 9 D shows the single turn antenna with 26 layers；

Figure 10 is to show the diagram of figure of merit value varying with frequency；

Figure 11 A is to show resistance and inductance with the diagram of the relative changes of the number of plies；

Figure 11 B is shown for the given number of plies, the diagram of the quality factor caused by 10MHz；

Figure 12 A is to show the diagram of quality factor varying with frequency；

Figure 12 B is to show the diagram of the inductance varying with frequency about 16 layer line circles；

Figure 12 C is to show the diagram of the resistance varying with frequency about 16 layer line circles；

Figure 13 A is to show the diagram of quality factor varying with frequency；

Figure 13 B is to show the diagram of inductance varying with frequency；

Figure 13 C is to show the diagram of resistance varying with frequency；

Figure 14 A is to show the diagram of the quality factor of the coil varying with frequency with 1mm metal band width；

Figure 14 B is to show the opposite diagram increased of the quality factor of the coil with 1.5mm metal width；

Figure 14 C is to show the opposite diagram increased of the quality factor of the coil with 2mm metal width；

Figure 15 shows the high level block diagram of near-field energy network；

Figure 16 A shows the diagram that receiving unit and transmission unit have identical resonance frequency and the narrow situation of wave band；

Figure 16 B shows the diagram that receiving unit and transmission unit have different resonance frequencies and the narrow situation of wave band；

Figure 16 C shows the figure of the situation of receiving unit and transmission unit with different resonance frequencies and with wide resonance Show；

Figure 16 D shows the figure for the situation that there is different resonance frequencies and sending device to damage for receiving unit and transmission unit Show；

Figure 16 E shows receiving unit and transmission unit has the resonance frequency of wide apart and transmission unit and reception are single The diagram for the situation that member damages；

Figure 16 F, which shows receiving unit and transmission unit, has close resonance frequency and transmission unit and receiving unit equal The diagram of the situation damaged；

Figure 17 shows the high level block diagrams of the near-field energy network with repeater；

It is folded that Figure 18 shows typical PCB layer；

Figure 19 is the production stacking table of the 6 layers of pcb board obtained from the PCB manufacturer established；

Figure 20 shows the equivalent circuit diagram of any MLMT structure；

Figure 21 shows the equivalent circuit diagram of the MLMT structure as inductor operation (condition 1)；

Figure 22 A shows the equivalent circuit diagram of the MLMT structure as the resonator operation (Class1) in circuit；

Figure 22 B shows the equivalent circuit diagram of the MLMT structure as independent resonator operation (Class1)；

Figure 23 A shows MLMT structure, display series capacitor addition equivalent circuit diagram；

Figure 23 B shows MLMT structure, display shunt capacitor addition equivalent circuit diagram；

Figure 24 A shows the equivalent circuit diagram of the MLMT structure as the resonator operation in circuit, wherein passing through addition Shunt capacitor realizes resonance；

Figure 24 B shows the equivalent circuit diagram of the MLMT structure as independent resonator operation, wherein by adding to circuit Series capacitor is added to realize resonance；

Figure 24 C shows the equivalent circuit diagram of the MLMT structure as independent resonator operation, wherein by adding to circuit Shunt capacitor is added to realize resonance.

Specific embodiment

In the following description, various specific details are proposed by example, to provide the thorough understanding to relevant teachings.So And it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that may not need these details and practice this introduction.In other instances, Well known method, process, component and/or circuit without its details are described with relatively high-rise, to avoid unnecessarily mould Paste the various aspects of this introduction.

Various technologies disclosed herein relate generally to design, operate and manufacture wireless transmission and/or wireless receiving system Method, system and equipment, and more particularly, to design, operation and manufacture near field wireless power and/or data transmission And/or the efficient configuration of communication system.

Wireless transmission may include the wireless transmission of electric flux, electromagnetic energy and electrical power, such as embodiment.In addition, nothing Line transmission may include the transmission of numerical data and information.In another embodiment, it can send or be sent separately together electricity The combination of energy, electromagnetic energy, electrical power, electronic data and information, the embodiment such as discussed in energy networks.It is also envisioned that This wireless transmission can occur simultaneously or occur on the time interval period.Following part is discussed in energy networks, power network The embodiment of network, data network and the wireless transmission near field power and data-transmission system.

Wireless receiving may include the wireless receiving of electric flux, electromagnetic energy and electrical power, such as embodiment.In addition, nothing Line reception may include the reception of numerical data and information.In another embodiment, it can receive together or discretely receive electricity The combination of energy, electromagnetic energy, electrical power, electronic data and information, the embodiment such as discussed in energy networks.It is also envisioned that This wireless receiving can occur simultaneously or occur on the time interval period.Following part is discussed in energy networks, power network The embodiment of network, data network and the wireless receiving near field power and data-transmission system.

Wireless communication may include wireless transmission and the reception of electric flux, electromagnetic energy and electrical power, such as embodiment.This Outside, wireless communication may include sending and receiving for numerical data and information.In another embodiment, it can send and connect together The combination for receiving or being sent separately and receive electric flux, electromagnetic energy, electrical power, electronic data and information, such as in energy networks The embodiment of middle discussion.It is also envisioned that this wireless transmission and reception can occur simultaneously or occur on the time interval period.With Lower part discusses the wireless communication in energy networks, power network, data network and near field power and data-transmission system Embodiment.

Antenna sends or receives the conductor of electromagnetic wave generally by it.Antenna can include but is not limited to lead or lead Set.Resonator is usually the random devices or material that resonance occurs, the arbitrary system including resonance occurs.Resonator can be Means for occurring by Resonance detector specific frequency can also be any circuit with the frequecy characteristic.In addition, resonance Device can be the electronic circuit of combination capacitor and inductance in such a way that periodical electric oscillation can reach maximum amplitude.Such as this field Technical staff will be understood that antenna is usually coupled in such as self-resonance or in another reactance component with such as capacitor etc Resonator is served as when realizing resonance.In this way, term antenna resonator is usually used interchangeably herein, and it is commonly referred to as tying Structure (for example, multilayer multi-turn structure).

" skin effect " is usually that alternating current concentrates on the trend of conductor outside or " skin " nearby.As shown in Figure 1, needle To the stable state unidirectional current for passing through homogeneity conductor, current distribution is usually uniform on cross section；That is, current density All the points on cross section are identical.

Using alternating current, as frequency increases, more and more electric currents are moved to surface.The electric current does not have Effectively utilize whole cross sections of conductor.Therefore, the effective cross section of conductor reduces, so with equally distributed electricity is directed to The value of stream is compared, and resistance and energy dissipation increase.In other words, as shown in Fig. 2, due to skin effect, current density is in conductor table Face (also referred to as " skin ") is greatest around, and to cross-section center exponential damping.

The effective resistance of lead is significantly improved with frequency.In a preferred embodiment, the range of the frequency is from about 100kHz To about 3MHz, it is highly preferred that from about 3MHz to about 10GHz.Need work in the reality of the big antenna structure of 120KHz It applies in example, using lead/material creation MLMT structure of big specification to realize that efficient performance is more useful.

For example, the resistance of 1MHz frequency is at most four times of dc value for the copper lead of 1mm (0.04 inch) diameter." become Skin depth " or " penetration depth " δ are frequently used for the result of assessment skin effect.Usually receive current density and is reduced to it on surface The conductive surface depth below of the about 1/e (about 37%) of the value at place.Term " skin depth " is thus described as electric current Density drops to the depth in about 37% cross section of maximum value.The concept is applied to Plane Entity, but can extend It is slightly larger than the other shapes of δ to the radius of curvature of conductive surface.For example, the penetration depth in copper is 8.5mm at 60Hz frequency (0.33 inch)；It is only 6.6 × 1 at 10GHz^0-7m.Skin depth is the majorant of frequency, increases with frequency and reduces.It should It is shown in phenomenon diagram shown in Fig. 3.

The basic conception of multilayer lead is the available current density maximized on entire wire cross-sectional face, to reduce lead Intrinsic resistance.It is about twice of conductive layer of skin depth by using its thickness, it is ensured that the electric current of all the points in lead Density be greater than or equal to maximum possible current density (at surface)~37%.By using other thickness degree, it will obtain Different base current density.For example, by using about 4 times of skin depth of thickness degree, it will ensure that current density is greater than Or be equal to maximum possible current density (at surface)~14%.Similarly, deep for about 6 times of skin depth of conductor Degree, current density are greater than or equal to 5%.

Although keep high current density extremely important in conductive layer, meanwhile, not used cross-sectional area is (that is, absolutely Edge layer) it is whole as small as possible also extremely important.Using above-mentioned theory, the ideal proposed arrangement of multilayer lead includes thickness/depth About twice of skin depth of conductive layer and technically as thin as possible insulating layer.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that MLMT structure can obtain in embodiment skin depth below: be effective conductive region in wireless communication, range is from leading The approximate half of body depth to be approximately equal to conductor depth.On the other hand, the limitation that some manufacturing methods are applied is given, is designed MLMT structure can also lead to following conductor depth in embodiment: can conducted signal, but as working frequency increases, and It not necessarily uses completely, twice from skin depth to skin depth of range.

Therefore, (e.g., the waveguide resonant cavity inner surface used in microwave frequency is typically covered with high conductivity material Silver), to reduce energy loss, because almost all electric current all concentrates on surface.Assuming that covering material be compared with δ it is thick, lead Body is good as the solid conductor of coating material." quality factor " are generally accepted to measure such as antenna, circuit or resonator Etc device efficiency index (measurement number).Hole is defined herein as the conductive connection from one layer to another layer.

Twisted wire is usually by being drawn with the individual film insulation for winding and weaving the unified pattern beam of length or weave together The lead that line is constituted.

Now referring in detail to the example for being shown in the accompanying drawings and being discussed below.Fig. 4 show for wireless power and/or The high level illustration of the resonator (for example, antenna) of data transmitting.The resonator includes coil 100 and multilayer lead 101.Coil 100 shape can be circle, rectangle, triangle, some other polygons or conformal, to be assemblied in limited volume.Fig. 4 Show an exemplary configuration of the coil of the shape with circular coil 100.The configuration of coil 100 can be solenoid Shape, spiral or spiral-helical is tubular.Solenoid-shaped coil follows helical curve, which has multiturn, Each circle radius having the same.Spiral coil configuration can have multiturn, and the multiturn, which has, to be gradually increased or reduce Radius.Spiral-solenoid-shaped coil configuration is the combination of spiral shape and the tubular configuration of helical.Also those skilled in the art can be used Other configurations known to member form the coil.

Fig. 5 A-5H shows the example for the different antennae configuration that can be used.Fig. 5 A shows the tubular configuration of circuit helical The example of antenna in 102.Fig. 5 B shows the example of antenna in the tubular configuration 103 of rectangular helical.Fig. 5 C shows round screw thread The example of antenna in shape configuration 104.Fig. 5 D shows the example of antenna in square spiral shape configuration 105.It is appreciated that can be with Use other helical configurations, such as rectangle or triangular shaped.Fig. 5 E shows antenna in multilayer square spiral shape configuration 106 Example.It should be noted that although Fig. 5 E is illustrated only two layers, it will be understood that any number of layer can be used.As that will retouch below It states, when using multiple layers, can be used but be not limited to hole (via), solder, connector (tab), lead, pin or rivet To connect multiple layers.In one embodiment, multiple conductor layers are less equal than total number of plies, in parallel can be electrically connected.In addition, In another embodiment, one in more than second a conductor layers that multiple conductor layers of electrical connection in parallel can be electrically connected with parallel connection Or multiple conductor layers are electrically connected in series.These connectors are at least used for following two purpose: (1) connector connects stacked antenna Antenna stack；And a linkage of stacked antenna is connected to the second circle of stacked antenna by (2) connector.For example, for two circle antennas, At least there is a hole from the first circle to the second circle.Connector can be also used for other purposes.

For each antenna, there are the optimal number of connector and for the optimum position of each connector.Due to right This does not have enclosed analytic solution, so optimum position is obtained preferably by iterative model building.However, being provided herein for optimization Basic norm:

Preferably, there are at least two connectors that connection forms all trace layers of single conductor.In ideal situation Under, the two connectors are the both ends (input terminal and output end of multilayer lead) of multilayer lead.

Preferably, it should considerably with the demand of specific application, to select the sum of connector.More than optimal number Connector will increase current path, and this will lead to capacitor increase, resistance increases, quality factor reduce and bandwidth is got higher.Also answer This is note that ghost effect can become when the total length (height, depth) of connector is greater than the optimum value at particular job frequency It is more prominent.The height of the length of connector substantially connector, and should remain at and be less than about (significant wave It is long)/20, although the embodiment that can be worked can also be led to by holding it in wavelength/10 according to application.The reason of these limitations It is, increased connection body length will introduce significant phase difference between the different layers of used multilayer lead.Different layers Between these phase differences will cause harmful capacity effect, and this will actually reduce self-resonant frequency and increase loss. It should be mentioned in that for the embodiment for being used as self-resonance resonator without using add-on assemble (for example, capacitor) and structure, it can It is incorporated into the design of antenna with the connector (such as, but not limited to hole) that depth is greater than (effective wavelength)/10.

Hole can have the commonly used form (for example, through-hole, buried via hole, blind hole) in printed circuit board (PCB) technology Or the form used in semiconductor or MEMS technology.Alternatively, hole can be, but not limited to, laser fusion, fusion, printing, Any conductive material of welding, brazing, sputtering sedimentation, wire bonding etc., to be at least electrically connected any two layer and/or to own Layer.

Fig. 5 F shows the example of antenna in the tubular configuration 107 of round screw thread-helical.Fig. 5 G shows square spiral-spiral shell The example of antenna in spool shape configuration 108.Fig. 5 H shows the example of antenna in the tubular configuration 109 of conformal helical.Conformal configuration In antenna can have but be not limited to the shape of round or tubular rectangular spirals shape or circle or rectangular coil shape.This Any antenna configuration shown in Fig. 5 A-5H can be used in system.

The coil 100 of Fig. 4 can have multiturn 110.Circle can be, but not limited to, bending, folding or arc in lead Line, so that lead completes rotation around the center axis point of coil 111.Circle, which can have, configures same or similar shape with coil Shape, such as, but not limited to circle, rectangle, triangle, some other polygons or conformal, to be assemblied in limited volume. Fig. 6 A shows the single turn circular coil with N layers, wherein " N " is equal to or greater than 1 number.Fig. 6 B shows N layers of pair Circle circle solenoid-shaped coil.

Typically for any induction antenna, inductance is according to T^xIncrease, and resistance is according to T^yIncrease, wherein T is the number of turns.It is resonable In the conductor thought, x and y are 2 and 1 respectively.In the presence of the other factors for influencing inductance and resistance (therefore influencing quality factor), so that X and y are respectively smaller than 2 and 1.With reference to Figure 13, three kinds of example performances are given.Figure is by 32 layer of -2 circle antenna and 32 layer of -1 circle antenna And 64 layer of -1 circle antenna is compared.In 1 MHz-200MHz of frequency range, the inductance and resistance phase of 32 layer of -2 circle antenna 3-3.5 and 1.7-3 times are increased separately for 32 layer of -1 circle antenna.The increase with according to simplifying the value that expects of parsing relationship very It is close, in simplifying parsing relationship, resistance approximation T, inductance approximation T²。

Multilayer lead 101 in Fig. 4 can have but be not limited to circle, rectangle, rectangular or triangular cross-sectional shape. In addition it is also possible to use other shapes well known by persons skilled in the art.Fig. 7 A-7E is shown can make in the design of antenna The example in wire cross-sectional face.Fig. 7 A shows the example of the antenna with circular cross section 401.Fig. 7 B is shown with square The example of the antenna of shape cross section 402.Fig. 7 C shows the example of the antenna with square cross section 403.Fig. 7 D shows tool There is the example of the antenna of triangular cross section 404.Fig. 7 E shows the example of the antenna with oval cross section 405.Fig. 7 F Show the rectangular cross section of the antenna with the first conductive layer 410 and the second conductive layer 420.In addition to the above described embodiments, Multilayer lead 101 may include precise lead structure, the flexible pin configuration of fixation or combinations thereof.

Insulating materials 430 separates first layer 410 with the second layer 420.First layer 410 and the second layer 420 are by crossing absolutely The hole 440 of edge material 430 connects.Conductive layer 410,420 can be the layer of conductive band/item/piece/blade or deposited metal, tool There are metal thickness and metal band width.The metal thickness of first layer 410 is identified by line A-A, the metal strip bandwidth of first layer 410 Degree is identified by line B-B.In one example, the metal thickness of layer can be approximated to be twice of skin depth (skin depth). Skin depth is in the approximate half from conductor depth (conductor depth) into the approximately equal to range of conductor depth.Circle In each layer have almost the same metal thickness and metal band width.

The thickness of insulating materials can be the demand for being sufficient for application, or be equal to possible to available manufacturing technology most Small thickness.In addition, overall structure feasibility is depending on the frequency (as shown in the diagram of fig. 1) of work, relevant cost and is used Manufacturing technology.In general, the thickness of layer is by " core thickness (core thickness) " and prepreg in PCB technology (pre-preg) thickness provides.In other designs, the thickness of non-conductive layer is selected to modify the electrical behavior of structure.

The folded alternating layer including core material and prepreg of typical PCB layer.Core material generally includes copper foil and is bonded on the thin of two sides Dielectric.Core material dielectric is usually cured fiberglass-epoxy.Prepreg is usually uncured glass fibers Dimension-epoxy resin.Prepreg solidifies (that is, being hardened) in heating and compacting.Outermost layer is usually that copper foil is bonded on outside (table Face foil) prepreg.As shown in figure 18, stacking is generally directed to the center of plank, along vertical axis, to avoid Mechanical stress under thermal cycle in plank.

Application at 13.56MHz, provides conductor and thickness of insulating layer is equal to minimum possible to available manufacturing technology One embodiment of thickness.At 13.56MHz, skin depth is about 17.8 microns.In the ideal case, conductor depth is answered It should be about 35.6 microns, insulation thickness should be as small as possible.However, as shown in figure 19, actually, using the standard of utilizing , the PCB manufacturing methods of established low-cost technologies, be laminated for about 71 microns for the manufacture obtained of 6 layers of pcb board, It is approximately 4 times of skin depth.In addition, insulating layer is greater than 3 times of conductive layer.Advanced PCB technology (considerably higher cost) can It can allow lesser conductor and insulation depth.For example, the PCB technology for being currently in conceptual phase can permit down to 5 microns Conductive material (for example, copper) and about 39 microns of insulation dielectric.Such as its of semiconductors manufacture and MEMS manufacturing technology His technology can permit thinner thickness degree, obtain closer to ideal performance.If manufactured using semiconductor or MEMS, lead The thickness of electric layer and insulating layer can be as thin as several hundred nanometers, or thinner.In a preferred embodiment, dielectric layer thickness is less than 200 microns, and preferably insulate as much as possible, there is the dielectric constant less than 10.

Similarly, dielectric layer can be made of different materials, and can have various configurations.For example, some applications It may need extremely low parasitic capacitance.In these cases, the non-conducting dielectric with possible minimum dielectric is excellent Choosing.Furthermore, it may be desirable to increase thickness of insulating layer to minimize ghost effect.Another example, which can be to be directed to, may need iron Ferrite is to increase inductance and/or increase the application of magnetic screen.In this case, dielectric layer can by ferrite membrane/ The configuration of block or like attribute/material replacement.

Therefore, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that insulating materials can have a thickness, the thickness with In in the practical capacity of manufacturing technology for manufacturing the resonator, and the efficiency requirements of the application targeted with the resonator are simultaneous Hold.

The material of conductive layer can be copper or gold, however, other materials is also possible.It, can also in order to enhance electric conductivity To use copper or gold with one layer of deposition silver.In the case where antenna is implanted and is likely to be exposed at body fluid, it should use Commonly known biocompatible material, including the additive for enhancing electric conductivity.These materials may include but not limit to In the conductive material selected from the group including the following terms: titanium, platinum and platinum/iridium alloy, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, Nitinol, Co-Cr- Ni alloy (such as MP35N, HavarEligiloy), stainless steel, gold and its various alloys, palladium, carbon or your any other gold Belong to.Depending on application, insulating materials can be (i) air, and (ii) has the dielectric of low-k (for example, foam polyphenyl Ethylene, silica or any suitable biocompatible ceramics), (iii) has the non-conducting dielectric of high dielectric constant, (iv) Ferrite Material, or (v) combination of material listed above.The selection of material or the combination of material can be according to such as manufacturing The factor that process, cost and technology need.For example, the low self-resonant frequency of antenna is influenced if necessary to high capacitance effect, it is high Dielectric constant dielectric may be preferred, or the combination of the material including ferrite membrane or ferrite block may be preferred , to increase the self-induction of antenna.In addition it is possible to use ferrite core material provides the performance of promotion.

Fig. 8 A- Fig. 8 B shows the example of different multilayer wire cross-sectionals face configuration.Fig. 8 A is shown with circular cross section 510 multilayer lead.Fig. 8 B shows the multilayer lead with rectangular cross section 520.In the fig. 8b, conductive layer 540 is connected Hole 530 is located at port or the input terminal 550 at the beginning as lead.According to the specific application, the hole 530 of conductive layer is connected Positioning will affect the performance of antenna.For example, inadequate hole may cause the phase difference between different layers.On the contrary, sufficient hole It may cause additional circulating current path, and this will increase resistance loss.Hole can be located at lead beginning (for example, port, Input terminal etc.) at, or positioned at the one or more positions along lead.In addition, including the one of two or more conductive layers Hole between a set can be located at gathers at different positions from another including two or more conductive layers.It should manage Solution is designed according to application and system, and a variety of modifications are possible.It can be used used in the manufacture for multilayer multi-turn structure The technology of standard carrys out manufacturing hole for technology.In other cases, welding technique can be used to realize hole, for example, by making With electric welding, welded joint, laser fusion tack welding or electric connection technology known in other, multiple layers are connected at the position in hole.

As described herein, it is preferred to ground designs antenna using high quality factor (QF), and to realize effective transmitting of power, drop The intrinsic resistance of the antenna of low high frequency treatment is lost.Quality factor are the ratio between the energy of the energy that equipment is stored and equipment loss. Therefore, the QF of antenna is the ratio between the energy loss of antenna and the energy of storage.Carry the source device (for example, antenna) of changing currents with time With the energy that can be divided into three components: 1) resistance energy (W_res), 2) radiation energy (W_rad) and 3) reactance energy (W_rea).In the case where antenna, the energy stored is reactance energy, and the energy of loss is resistance and radiation energy, wherein The quality factor of antenna are by equation Q=W_rea/(W_res+W_rad) indicate.

In near-field communication, equipment (in this case, being antenna) is radiated to ambient enviroment release and resistance energy.When Energy must be transmitted between the equipment (for example, battery powered equipment with dimension constraint) with limited power memory When, excessive power loss can greatly reduce the performance execution of equipment.Therefore, near-field communication equipment is designed to minimize electricity Resistance and radiation energy, while maximizing reactance energy.In other words, near-field communication, which is benefited from, maximizes Q.

For example, the efficiency of energy and/or data transmitting between the equipment in the system of inductive coupling is based on transmission Quality factor (Q1) of antenna in machine, the coefficient of coup in receiver between the quality factor (Q2) and two antennas of antenna (κ).The efficiency of energy transmission becomes according to following relationship: eff ∝ κ²·Q₁Q₂.The energy of higher quality factor marker antenna It is lost relatively low with the energy that is stored.On the contrary, the energy loss of lower quality factor marker antenna and the energy stored That measures is relatively high.The coefficient of coup (κ) indicates the existing degree of coupling between two antennas.

In addition, for example, the quality factor of induction antenna become according to following relationship:Wherein f is working frequency, L is inductance, and R is all-in resistance (ohm+radiation).Since QF and resistance are inversely proportional, so higher electric resistance changing is lower product Prime factor.

Higher quality factor can be realized using the multilayer in multilayer lead for single-turn circular coil.It can also use and increase The number of turns in ledger line circle increases the quality factor of structure.Design at constant frequency, it is understood that there may be the optimal number of plies, with Reach maximum quality factor.Once reaching the maximum value, then with more layers are increased, quality factor are decreased.It can use Include: in the design variable of multilayer multi-turn structure

A. metal band width w_n(for example, w_l: the width of the first conductive layer, w_k: the width of kth conductive layer.) also referred to as Metal width or strip width

B. the number N of the conductive layer of every circle_n(for example, the number of plies N in the first circle₁)

C. the thickness d of each conductive layer_n(for example, d_l: the thickness of first layer, d_k: the thickness of kth layer)

D. insulation thickness di_n(for example, di_l: the insulation thickness under first layer), di_k: the insulation thickness under kth layer)

E. the number of turns T

F. the number in the hole of different conductive layers in each circle is connected

G. the position in the hole of different conductive layers in each circle is connected

H. shape (circle, rectangle, certain polygon；Depending on application；For example, it may be it is conformal, to fit snugly in Some equipment or component are outer or interior)

I. configuration (helical is tubular, spiral shape, spiral-helical are tubular etc.)

J. dimension (length, width, internal diameter, outer diameter, diagonal line etc.)

In the following, exemplary multiple layer multiturn design of the description based on above-mentioned parameter.

In one example, antenna can be the single turn circular coil with multilayer lead, as shown in fig. s 9a through 9d.Single turn Coil includes single turn, and may include the metal band width of approximate 1.75mm, the metal thickness of approximation 0.03mm, approximation The insulating layer of 0.015mm and the outer diameter of approximation 5mm.Lead can have the layer between 5 to 60, for example, 5,11,20,26, 41 or 60 layers.For example, Fig. 9 A shows the single turn antenna with 1 layer, Fig. 9 B shows the single turn antenna with 11 layers, and Fig. 9 C shows The single turn antenna with 20 layers is gone out, and Fig. 9 D shows the single turn antenna with 26 layers.Although Fig. 9 A-9D shows specific show Example, it should be appreciated that, lead can have less than 5 layers or more than 60 layers, to realize high quality factor.For 5 to 60 layers The correspondence coil thickness of range can in approximate 0.2mm between 3mm, such as respectively 0.2,0.5,1,1.25,2.05 or 3mm.As stated above, it is understood that by changing the number of plies, the number of turns, metal thickness and metal band width in lead, it can be with Obtain higher quality factor.For example, for 1 layer of list with 0.03mm metal thickness and the metal band width of 1.75mm Circle coil, the quality factor at 10MHz are approximately 80.By the number of plies from 1 increase to 11 and keep 0.03mm metal thickness and The metal band width of 1.75mm, quality factor increase as approximation 210.In general, the increase of the number of plies of every circle leads to quality factor Increase, until reaching maximum value, then, quality factor start to reduce.This reduction may become in the total height of antenna Occur when suitable with its radius.For electronic building brick, since ghost effect (for example, capacitor and kindred effect) greatly increases and Start to deteriorate, and ghost effect increase is as caused by multilayer.In this example, layer is increased to 20,26,41 and 60 points Do not lead to the quality factor of approximation 212,220,218 and 188.

In order to show the benefit of this introduction scheme compared with the existing technology, form the model of this introduction, with known coil It is compared.It is assumed that making prior art model using solid lead (solid wire).For with radius r, lead half The circular coil of diameter a, circle N, inductance (L) and resistance (R_OhmAnd R_Radiation) provided by following equation:

Consider two kinds of antenna configurations, its details is provided in following Tables 1 and 2.As a result it indicates, this introduction allows remote Higher than the QF of solid lead.When using other known building method, performance improvement shown in this article is also suitable.

Table 1

Table 2

It should also be understood that metal band width can be increased to realize higher quality factor.Figure 10 is provided with frequency And the figure of the value of the quality factor become.Figure 11 A is to show resistance and inductance with the diagram of the relative changes of the number of plies.Figure 11 B Show the quality factor obtained at 10MHz.It should be noted that the data point correspondence on figure is as follows: data point 1 for Figure 11 A-B For 1 layer, data point 2 is directed to 11 layers, and data point 3 is directed to 20 layers, and data point 4 is directed to 26 layers, and data point 5 is directed to 41 layers, data Point 6 is directed to 60 layers.In order to ensure signal flows through all layers of structure, it is preferable that be directed to any multilayer lead and/or structure, packet Include at least two holes.Preferably, the two holes are located at lead/structure port.From Figure 10 and 11A-B as it can be seen that for having The antenna configuration of 26 layers and 1 circle, realizes the optimum performance for 10MHz.For the antenna configuration, obtained near 35MHz Peak value quality factor, and peak value quality factor are approximately 1100.

In another example, antenna can be the single turn circular coil of multilayer lead, and can have the gold of approximate 1mm Belong to the outer diameter of strip width, the metal thickness of approximation 0.01mm, the insulating layer of approximation 0.005mm and approximation 5mm.Lead can To have the layer between 16 and 128, such as 16,32,64 or 128 layers.However, it is to be appreciated that lead can have less than 16 Layer is more than 128 layers, to realize high quality factor.It can be in approximation for the correspondence coil thickness of 16 to 128 layers of range 0.25mm is between 2mm, such as respectively 0.25,0.5,1 or 2mm.In this example, quality factor with the number of plies increase And improve, biggish quality factor are realized at upper frequency.For example, at the frequency of 10MHz, for 16,32,64 and 128 The quality factor of layer are respectively approximation 127,135,140 and 185.Under these design parameters, peak value quality factor are in approximation It is increased at 450MHz close to 2900.Relative resistance may be minimum at the frequency that conductor thickness is about twice of skin depth. In this example, which is 160MHz.

Figure 12 A-C is to show the diagram of performance parameter and trend.Figure 12 A is to show the quality factor become with frequency Figure.Figure 12 B is to show the diagram of the inductance about 16 layer line circles become with frequency.Figure 12 C be show with frequency and The diagram of the resistance about 16 layer line circles become.From Figure 12 A as it can be seen that quality factor improve with number of plies increase, in higher-frequency There are relatively bigger quality factor at rate.This is further illustrated in Figure 12 B-C, and inductance is shown with frequency phase To constant (compared with 16 layer of 1 circle coil), and resistance is reduced as frequency increases, such as the recess in Figure 12 C near 100MHz It is shown.Peak value quality factor rise to approximation 2900 near 450MHz.

In another example, other than the number of turns is double, all design parameters and the preceding example phase for being directed to 32 layers of lead Together, double circle circular coils are obtained.In the frequency range of 1MHz to 200MHz, this 32 layers, the inductance of double circle antennas and resistance phase 32 layers of single turn antenna are increased separately as 3-3.5 times and 1.7-3 times.Figure 13 A-C be 32 shown with preceding example and 64 layers of single turn antenna are compared, this 32 layers, the diagram of the performance parameter of double circle antennas and trend.Figure 13 A be show with frequency and The diagram of the quality factor of change.Figure 13 B is to show the diagram of the inductance become with frequency.Figure 13 C be show with frequency and The diagram of the resistance of change.From Figure 13 A-C as it can be seen that for 32 layers, double circle antennas at the frequency under about 200MHz, inductance Nearly constant, resistance follows the trend similar with single turn antenna.At the frequency higher than 200MHz, due to the tribute of parasitic capacitance It offers, inductance and the equal rapid increase of resistance (being explained below).Even if quality factor higher than 200MHz frequency at keep compared with Height, due to ghost effect, it is also possible to which there are significant electric fields, and this may be unacceptable in some applications.

As described above, antenna may show ghost effect.Parasitic capacitance associated with antenna is frequency dependence, and And it increases the contribution of total impedance with frequency.As parasitic capacitance as a result, exist be directed to antenna self-resonant frequency, At the frequency beyond self-resonant frequency, antenna just equally works to capacitor.In order to avoid the appearance of parasitic capacitance, Ke Yishe Antenna is counted, so that inductance is almost unchanged near working frequency.Preferably, the slope of a curve of reactance relative frequency is almost line Property (near working frequency), have slope:(wherein, X is reactance, and L is designed inductance).With this Mode, which operates antenna and ensures, remains minimum by the parasitic couplings of electric field.It is appreciated that due to other effects, such as electric current It is crowded, close on and skin effect, X may not be fairly linear with respect to ω.

It is further envisioned that other designs can be used for antenna, to realize higher quality factor.For example, for that may have There is the single turn circular coil of the multilayer lead of the layer (for example, 16,32,64 or 128 layers) between 16 and 128, coil may include The metal band width of approximate 1mm, the metal thickness of approximation 0.01mm, the insulating layer of approximation 0.01mm and approximation 10mm Outer diameter.The width for increasing metal reduces resistance and inductance, obtains higher quality factor.Due to the whole large scale of antenna The smaller increase of (outer diameter~10mm), width (w) will not reduce inductance.It should be noted that for compared with miniature antenna, such as with approximation The antenna of 5mm outer diameter, the identical increase of metal width can obtain the reduction of bigger inductance.Figure 14 A-C is shown for gold Belong to strip width be respectively approximation 1mm, 1.5mm and 2mm this is exemplary, the diagram of quality factor that becomes with frequency.At this In example, the quality factor at 379MHz are approximately 1425 for the metal band width of 1mm.Metal band width increases to 1.5mm and 2mm increases separately quality factor to approximation 1560 and 1486.

It should be noted that above for all QF value described in inductance be in free space (conductivity=0, it is opposite to be situated between Electric constant=1).It is expected that the presence of real world environments will affect QF.For example, in free space with the antenna of QF~400 When being positioned adjacent to human body, QF may change into about 200-300.In addition, if antenna is placed in human body, have Seldom or almost without insulation covering, then QF may further change as lower than 200.Apply before being placed in human body enough Thick lid is enclosed in sufficiently large encapsulation the QF change that may reduce antenna.It is expected that the similar change of QF characteristic will occur In any medium, and near any material, with free space deviation depend on material/medium electric attribute and Distance therewith.

As discussed herein, it is suitable for energy, power or data network using near-field communication for wireless transmission/reception Network.

Energy networks

Energy transmission network can be formed according to this teaching.Figure 15 shows the high level block diagram of near-field energy network 10. Network 10 includes multiple equipment 11_a-d(being referred to as equipment 11).Each equipment 11 may include transceiver.Transceiver may include Transmission unit 12_a-dWith receiving unit 14_a-d, for wirelessly communicating.Although each transceiver may include transmission unit 12 and connect Unit 14 is received, it will be appreciated that transceiver can be into including transmission unit 12 or only including receiving unit 14.Furthermore, it is possible to Understand, the transmission unit 12 and receiving unit 14 in transceiver can share certain or all circuit units, or can have Separation and different circuit units.In addition, transmission unit and/or receiving unit 14 can be coupled with load 16.Load 16 can be with Combination including the component in equipment 11, the component outside equipment 11 or the inner and outer component of equipment 11.

Each transmission unit 12 includes transmission antenna 13.Transmission antenna 13 has resonance frequency omega, and preferably has Minimum resistance and radiation loss.Load 16 may include drive circuit, and transmission antenna 13 is driven for generating signal.According to Signal is received, transmission antenna 13 can produce on all directions the near field (in omnidirection), or generate target towards certain party To the near field of (orientation).Target near field can be generated by shielding, such as by Ferrite Material.Certainly, art technology Personnel, which are appreciated that, can be used other materials to provide Target near field.

Each receiving unit 14 includes receiving antenna 15.Single antenna can be used for receiving antenna 15 and transmission antenna 13 The two, or isolated antenna can be used for receiving antenna 15 and transmission antenna 13.Each antenna 13,15 has resonance frequency Rate (referred to as ω_a-ω_d).If preferably, the resonance frequency of receiving antenna 15 is equal to using the antenna that sends and receives of separation The resonance frequency of transmission antenna 13.

When the receiving unit 14 of an equipment 11 is (for example, equipment 11_bReceiving unit 14_b) it is placed on another equipment 11 Transmission antenna 12 (for example, equipment 11_aTransmission antenna 12_a) near field in when, transmission antenna 12_aGenerated electromagnetic field will With receiving unit 14_bInteraction.If receiving unit 14 is (for example, have resonance frequency omega_bEquipment 11_bReceiving unit 14_b) Resonance frequency and transmission unit 12 (for example, have resonance frequency omega_aEquipment 11_aTransmission unit 14_a) resonance frequency phase Together, then transmission unit 11_aReactance electromagnetic field will be in receiving unit 14_bIn induct alternating current.The electric current inducted can be used for To load 16_bPower is provided or transfers data.As a result, equipment 11_bIt can be from equipment 11_aAbsorb energy.It is appreciated that arbitrary number Purpose has with the resonance frequency of sending device (for example, ω_b) equipment of equal resonance frequency can be added to near-field energy Network, and energy is drawn from sending device, as long as transmission unit 12_aResonance frequency will not be by the load of added equipment Effect and significantly change.

If receiving unit 14 is (for example, have resonance frequency omega_cEquipment 11_cReceiving unit 14_c) resonance frequency With transmission unit 12 (for example, having resonance frequency omega_aEquipment 11_aTransmission unit 12_a) resonance frequency it is different, then receive Unit 14_cFor transmission unit 12_aThere to be a high impedance, and from transmission unit 12_aDraw less energy.

It is appreciated that from transmission unit 12_aIt is transmitted to receiving unit 14_cEnergy amount depend on many factors, including hair Send unit 12_aWith receiving unit 14_cIn intrinsic loss and to other equipment (for example, receiving unit 14_b) energy biography It passs.ω in each equipment_aWith ω_cTo close on the width of resonance wave section be also significant.Figure 16 A-F illustrate to show it is various because How element influences the diagram of the transmitting of energy.

Figure 16 A shows ω_aAnd ω_cIdentical and narrow wave band situation.This indicates ideal scene and maximum power transmitting The case where efficiency.Figure 16 B shows ω_aAnd ω_cDifferent and narrow wave band situations.In this scenario without energy transmission.Figure 16 C Show ω_aAnd ω_cDifferent and receiving unit 14_cSituation with wide resonance.Wider resonance wave band appear in antenna have compared with When high resistance and radiation loss.Receiving unit 14_cFor ω_aWith the impedance being higher than in situation shown in Figure 16 B, but still can Enough from sending device 11_aAbsorb some energy.Figure 16 D shows ω_aAnd ω_cDifferent and sending device 11_aIt is the situation damaged. Sending device 11_aIn resistance and radiation loss lead to wide resonance wave band.The smaller portions of antenna energy can be used for being transferred to Receiving unit 14_c.Figure 16 E shows ω_aAnd ω_cSeparate and transmission unit 12_aWith receiving unit 14_cIt is the situation damaged.Cause This, without energy from transmission unit 12_aIt is transmitted to receiving unit 14_c.Figure 16 F shows ω_aAnd ω_cClose and transmission unit 12_a With receiving unit 14_cIt is the situation damaged.Energy is in transmission unit 12_aWith receiving unit 14_cBetween transmit, but due to height Loss, system is inefficient.

Most everyday objects are conductive (for example, steel cabinet and automobiles), and are had and receiving unit 14 in figure * 16C_c Similar frequency response (but wider due to bigger resistance loss).These objects therefore can be from transmission unit 12_aIt inhales Receive some energy, and the loss in composition system.However, so far, only discussing general energy transmission, the use of energy It can be changed according to application, and generally, can be the transmitting of power or the transmitting of data.

Power network

Power transfer network can be formed according to this teaching.When receiving unit 14_bIt is placed on transmission unit 12_aIt is close In and receiving unit 14_bResonance frequency (that is, ω_b) it is approximately equal to transmission unit 12_aResonance frequency (ω_a) when, energy from Transmission unit 12_aIt is transmitted to receiving unit 14_b.If all having and being equal to transmission unit 12_aResonance frequency (that is, ω_a) resonance Multiple receiving devices of frequency are (for example, 11_b-11_d) be placed near field, then each receiving device is (for example, 11_b-11_d) will From transmission unit 12 in the form of alternating current_aAbsorb energy.Receiving device 11_a-11_dIt may include energy converter, energy converter can be with It is stored the energy in power storage devices (for example, battery or capacitor) using the alternating current inducted.Alternatively, energy converter can To use the alternating current inducted, directly in receiving device or being coupled to receiving device (for example, 11_b-11_d) electronic building brick Power supply.

It is understood that, it is impossible to by all transmitting and receiving devices (for example, 11_b-11_d) all it is placed on transmission unit 12_a's In near field.As shown in figure 17, in order to which the receiving device 11 to outside near field is (for example, receiving device 11_e) transmitting energy, it can make With one or more repeaters 18.One or more repeaters 18 may include be tuned to ω_aAntenna 20.Repeater 18 can be with Via antenna 20, energy is drawn from transmission unit 12 in the form of induced current.Sense can be used in one or more repeaters 18 Raw electric current, generates the second energy field to use antenna 20.It is alternatively possible to generate second using the second antenna (not shown) Energy field.Second energy field can be used in receiving unit 14_eIn induct alternating current.Receiving unit 14_eIt may include transducing The alternating current inducted can be used in device, energy converter, the storage energy in power storage devices (for example, battery or capacitor).It is standby The alternating current inducted can be used in selection of land, energy converter, to receiving unit 14_eInterior electronic components power supply.It is appreciated that antenna 20 or second antenna (not shown) can produce on all directions the near field (in omnidirection), or generate target towards certain party To the near field of (orientation).

Data network

Data transfer network can be formed according to this teaching.In addition to signal transmitted by sending device in network can be It, can be with previously described power network class for the designed network of data transmitting except the modulation time varying signal for carrying data Seemingly.For data network, there are a variety of possible general layouts.

One example of data network layout includes one or more receiving units (14_b-d) it is placed on transmission unit 12_a's In near field.Each receiving unit (14_b-d) can be with transmission unit 12_aAnd/or other receiving units 14 communication.It is appreciated that can In the manner described above, to reach the receiving unit except the near field of transmission unit 12 using one or more repeaters 18.? In another example, receiving unit 14 can be placed on the far field of transmission unit 12, and be come using the radiation field of transmission unit 12 Communication.This near-field communication is realized in the mode similar with near-field communication technology well known by persons skilled in the art.

Equipment 11 in network can be designed as handling data transmitting in many ways.For example, equipment 11 and its antenna 13,15 it can be designed as (1) and only receive data；(2) data are only sent；Or (3) receive and send data, for receive and It sends using shared antenna, or use separation and dedicated antenna for sending and receiving.In addition, equipment 11 can be designed as Handle data and power transfer.In this case, each equipment 11 can be designed as: (1) only transmitting data；(2) it only passes Pass power；(3) data and power are transmitted, wherein transmission/reception data and transmission/reception power can be used in each equipment 11 Any combination, each equipment 11 have for data transmitting and power transfer shared antenna or each equipment 11 have Isolated dedicated antenna for data transmitting and power transfer.

Each receiving unit 14 can have for 14 unique electronic mark (ID) of receiving unit on network 10.ID Identifier as the specific receiving unit 14 on network, and allow its on the identification network 10 of receiving unit 14 on network His receiving unit 14 is to communicate.In order to initiate data transfer session, sending device identifies receiving device using ID, and uses Instruction is initiated to start to communicate.Using certain modulation schemes, data transmitting will be generated.Security protocol can be used to ensure equipment The data of data and the equipment storage of transmitting are safe, and the unauthorized device not occurred in designed network 10 can not visit Ask the data.

Periodic data communication is likely to occur between transmission unit 12 and one or more receiving units 14, Huo Zhe Between receiving unit 14 and other one or more receiving units 14.In the communication of transmission unit-receiving unit, transmission unit 12 can identify specific receiving unit 14 according to ID, and initiate communication session.Alternatively, receiving unit 14 can be according to ID It identifies transmission unit 12, and initiates communication session.Communication session can be terminated by transmission unit 12 or receiving unit 14.

In the communication of receiving unit-receiving unit, two receiving units 14 can directly connect each other in direct-connected communication It connects.Alternatively, transmission unit 12 can be used as medium in two receiving units 14, is connected to each other.In this case, often A receiving unit 14 can be connected with transmission unit 12, and transmission unit 12 will receive information from a receiving unit 14 and incite somebody to action Information is sent to another receiving unit 14.In another alternative embodiment, one or more can be used in two receiving units 14 Repeater 18 communicates, wherein one or more repeaters 18 receive signal from receiving unit 14 and send the signal to another Receiving unit 14.One or more repeaters 18 can be one or more isolated resonant antennas, or can be with any electricity Road is unrelated.

It can use and be used for shown in Figure 15 and Figure 17 effectively between two or more equipment in various applications The system and method for transmitting energy, to operate: household electrical appliance, such as vacuum cleaner, flatiron, TV, computer external are set Standby, mobile device；Military Application, such as investigation equipment, night observation device, sensor node and equipment；Communications and transportation application, such as Sensor designed for monitoring automobile or train performance and safety；Aerospace applications, such as control wing, rudder or the dress that rises and falls It sets；Space technology；Maritime applications, such as to unmanned boat only for the application of electricity；Traffic control application, such as road surface built-in sensing Device；Industrial application；The asset tracking of such as RFID and transponder；Robot network；And Medical Devices.

General near field power and data-transmission system

As this training centre recognizes, near field power and data transmitting are derived from identical physical principle.When together In use, near field power and data transmitting provide the chance for creating various systems.It is described below near field power and data The general-purpose system of transmitting.

Near field power and data network (being also referred to as " NF-PDAT " herein) may include multiple transmitting and receiving units.For Simplicity, consider include single transmission unit 12 and single receiving unit 14 simpler network.Be described below follow from Transmission unit 12 is to receiving unit 14 simultaneously to the energy path of the load coupled with receiving unit 14.

Initially, it is necessary to energy needed for exporting PDAT network is obtained from original source.Original source can be on main 50/60Mz wall Socket, normal cell, the rechargeable battery that can be connected with wall socket or with the rechargeable battery recharged indirectly. Wall socket is a kind of preferred method for obtaining energy, because the original source of this form is very sufficient.Equipment can not be with wall Battery can be used to card, or in the case where needing portability in the connected situation of upper socket.In addition it is possible to use rechargeable Battery.When the storage energy of rechargeable battery drops below a capacity, rechargeable battery can be supplemented. Known recharge is used in battery in following equipment: the equipment consumes battery very fast, has for appropriately sized Battery for too small space, or replacement battery limited.Original power source can be used in rechargeable battery, such as Wall socket or another battery, to supplement battery life.In most equipment, typically via attaching a battery to wall socket A bit of time (for example, laptop computer or cellular phone) Lai Shixian is recharged.In some applications (for example, the doctor of implantation Treat equipment), it is impossible for being attached directly to power supply line.In this case, using indirect recharge method, for example, with outside Power supply inductive coupling.It is appreciated that can be recharged by other methods to realize.For example, if energy source and equipment it Between there are clear sights, then optical link, laser or high orientation radio frequency beam can be used to transmit energy.

Alternative energy source can be used to come to system power supply, or provide energy (for example, to electricity to the component in system Battery recharge).These alternative energy sources may include that a form of energy is converted to electric energy.One this example is will to move Electric energy can be converted to.This can be converted to energy and realize by that will move.For example, master can be used in the equipment for being attached to main body Body movement carrys out rotating electric machine, so that generator generates alternating current.Another example is to convert light energy into electric energy.For example, placing The room light of sunlight or surrounding can be converted to energy by photovoltaic cell outside.It in another example, can be by pressure Change is converted to electric energy.It is, for example, possible to use the piezoelectrics being suitably placed in equipment, by pressure change (for example, air pressure changes Or the directed pressure for passing through contact) be converted to electric current.In another example, thermal gradient can be converted into electric energy.For example, can be with Using the thermoelectric generator (TEG) being placed in equipment, the temperature gradient in equipment is converted into electric energy.This TEG is being operated It is useful that period, which generates in hot equipment, for example, a part of thermal energy can be converted to electric energy.

This introduction further includes a kind of design multilayer multiturn day in efficient wireless power and data telemetry systems The method of line.It is assumed that special operating frequency, the one or more steps that can be followed in following steps carry out design specialized antenna:

1. analytical Calculation and system integration project are executed, with acquisition for inductance needed for the minimum of enough coefficients of coup

2. according to analytical Calculation (for example, for the coefficient of coup, induced potential etc.), the number of turns needed for selecting appropriate inductance

3. selecting conductor layer thickness are as follows: about 2 times of skin depth or according to the admissible minimum value of manufacturing technology；Two That high in person.

4. selecting insulation thickness are as follows: the admissible minimum value of manufacturing technology or biggish thickness, to realize required property Energy.

5. selecting feasible maximum surface area (depending on application).The area needs not be rectangular or circular.It can be In accordance with the arbitrary shape of total system, and can wriggle around other assemblies.

6. selection is based on manufacturing technology and applies the feasible maximum number of plies.

7. in numerical modeling tool (for example, according to MoM or FDTD or FEM or MLFMM or other tools or these tools Combination), using step 1 and 2 the number of turns, design multilayer multiturn antenna, and optimize (step 3-6) number of plies and other parameters.

A. ensure to obtain quality factor peak value in institute's selected frequency whereabouts

B. ensure that the inductance for the quality factor is greater than or equal to (according to system-level constraint) admissible minimum value

C. if desired, ensuring to minimize E (referring to the part of front) by keeping parasitic capacitance effect lower

This introduction further includes a kind of method that antenna is manufactured after devising antenna.Stacked antenna uses metal band, It can be by such as, but not limited to PCB/ ceramic/metal printing process or the special exposure mask (mask) in semiconductor foundry Carry out deposited metal band.Conductive band/item/piece/blade can be used in the method for alternative manufacture antenna, there is one or more Band/item/piece/blade is placed on top of one another, is separated by insulating layer, and by more to make in specified hole location solder A band short circuit.The method of another manufacture antenna is cut from conductive sheet or " blade (leaf) " (being directed to, such as gold or copper blade) Specific shape is determined, and the subsequent step similar with conductive strips/item is directed to.In addition to metal deposition process, such as physical vapor Deposition, film deposition, thick film deposition etc. can also use three dimensional printing process (such as process provided by Eoplex technology).

This introduction be suitable for being incorporated to it is current for multi-sheet printed terminal plate, printed circuit board manufacturing technology and have more The semiconductor processing technology of layer interconnection.With the progress of manufacturing technology, it is contemplated that multilayer multiturn antenna may be benefit greatly from this Kind is improved.It is this with traditional manufacturing technology compatibility that relatively easily these antenna is incorporated in traditional circuit board. This progress can also provide accurate repeatability and small feature dimension (that is, high-resolution).

As described above, the design and structure of this system allow the range extended (that is, sending and receiving between wireless antenna Separating distance).The increase of range so that transmit power over a larger distance, and permission transmitter is further away from receiver.Example Such as, in the application of such as RFID, it is not more than 3 feet for the label read range of high frequency interrogation device, for certain application (examples Such as, tray track), 3 feet are inadequate.The wireless antenna of this system is needed by transmitting specific application for promoting reflection more The concentration power of challenger signal needed for good extension read-range performance is provided for the tray track via RFID It improves.In other application (such as military system), spreading range provided by the present invention can be in the position for being difficult to reach Equipment or transmit power to the equipment in uncultivated environment.In consumption electronic product, spreading range allow user from More easily energy to equipment charge or is transmitted in position.

This system can also realize multiple operational requirements from single design concept (i.e. multilayer multiturn antenna).This system It may be used as receiver antenna, source antenna, transceiver (serving as source and receiver) and repeater antenna.Alternatively, the design It can be only used for inductor design, as the lamped element in circuit (for example, in RF filter circuit, in RF match circuit).

MLMT structure of the invention can be embodied in various circuit design embodiments.Figure 20 gives MLMT antenna Equivalent circuit diagram.It includes following parameter:

L_M=intrinsic inductance

C_M=intrinsic capacity

R_M=intrinsic resistance

The characteristic of MLMT antenna embodiment depends on L_M、R_MAnd C_MDesign value, operating center frequency and be placed on terminal 1 With the add-on assemble on terminal 2.

It is assumed that the angular frequency of work is ω.The then input impedance Z of MLMT antenna embodiment_inputBy based on 1 (a) and 1 (b) Equation 1 (c) briefly provides.Equation 1 (a)

Z2=R_M+j·ω·L_MEquation 1 (b)Equation 1 (c)

MLMT antenna structure of the invention can be embodied in various circuit design embodiments.For example, MLMT antenna structure It can work under Three models:

Mode 1: when meeting the condition 1 that equation 2 (a) provides, as inductor, such as it is embodied in lumped-circuit unit In, obtain equation 2 (b).Figure 21 gives equivalent circuit diagram.

Z1 > > Z2 equation 2 (a)

Z_input≈ Z2 equation 2 (b)

Mode 2: as resonator, such as being embodied in independent accumulator or be embodied in HF and/or RF circuit, In, resonator is one of two types:

Class1: when meeting condition 2 given by equation 3, as resonator.

Figure 22 A and 22B give equivalent circuit diagram.

ω²·L_M·C_M1 equation 3 of ≈

Type 2: as resonator, wherein passing through serial or parallel connection add capacitor C_ADDEDTo realize resonance.Figure 23 A and 23B gives the equivalent circuit diagram for showing capacitor in series and parallel addition.Figure 24 A, 24B and 24C give 2 type 2 of mode Circuit diagram.

In Class1 and type 2, L_PickupAnd L_feedRespectively refer to generation pickup inductor and feedback inductance device.These are inductance Less than the coil of the inductance value of MLMT structure, and have to certain coupling of MLMT structure.Coupling is variable, with realize from MLMT structure is to the rest part of system transmitting power or from the rest part of system to needed for MLMT structure transmitting power With condition.In order to simple and verify concept, embodiment described herein provide single capacitor C_ADDEDTo realize showing for resonance Example, for illustration purposes.In actual circuit, it can be used including multiple capacitors and/or inductor and/or resistor More complicated circuit.All embodiments shown in Figure 22 and 24 can be used in the sender side and/or receiver side of system.

Mode 3: when meeting the condition 3 that equation 4 provides, as capacitor

ω²·L_M·C_M1 equation 4 of >

Compared with existing design technology, the arrangement of the unique layer in this system and the segmentation of the lead of customization are similar and more It is demonstrated by improved system performance in terms of small encapsulation volume, such as high 2 times of the quality of the quality factor realized than the prior art Shown in factor.By the way that material is combined with particular community, the sequence of designated shape, length and thickness and definition layer, this system Allow to match inductance and quality factor and specific application, desired response is best accomplished, including but not limited to without The emulation of line tissue, wireless telemetry technology, wireless module recharges, wireless nondestructive testing, wireless sensor and wireless Energy or power management.

This system another particular advantage is that its can by reduce with increased frequency dependence connection conductor losses (by In the referred to as skin effect the phenomenon that), in equivalent or smaller design volume power and/or data transmit, near field magnetic is provided Couple the more effective means of (NFMC).The system proposed additionally provides a solution, which can be by existing There is manufacturing technology (such as multi-sheet printed terminal plate) to be relatively easy to achieve, and therefore can be with other circuit unit (examples Such as, IC, resistor, capacitor, surface mount component etc.) it is integrated.Other advantages of this system include reducing power consumption, to obtain Longer battery life (under applicable circumstances) reduces the Joule heating of antenna, reduces facility/equipment environmental resource Consumption, and any other benefit derived from more effective energy device.

The other application that can benefit from these wireless systems includes but is not limited to that medical treatment can plant, medical treatment not can plant , business, military affairs, space flight, industry and other electronic equipments or geographical sensing in device application, oil exploration, syndrome check, Portable electronic device, military defense and Medical Devices.It is appreciated that the scope of the present invention, which not only covers, benefits from efficiency increase Any application, and cover any application that may be needed using inductance unit.

Although the foregoing describe optimal mode and/or other examples, it will be understood that various modifications can be carried out, and can To realize presently disclosed subject matter with example in a variety of manners, and can in various applications using introduction, herein only Disclose some of which introduction.It is intended to be protected any and institute in the true scope for falling into this introduction by paid claim There are application, modifications and variations.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of structure for being configured as sending or receiving radio energy, the structure include:

Multiple conductor layers, wherein the multiple conductor layer parallel connection is electrically connected；

The insulator layer that each conductor layer is separated；

Connect at least one connector of two or more conductor layers；

Wherein at least one conductor layer is deposited at least using one of printing board PCB, ceramics and operplate printing process On one insulator layer；And

Wherein the structure can the working frequency between 100kHz and 450MHz send or receive radio energy.

2. structure according to claim 1, wherein conductor layer includes at least one in conductive strips, conductive bar and deposited metal It is a.

3. structure according to claim 1, wherein the working frequency is the frequency band in the range of 100kHz to 450MHz.

4. structure according to claim 1, wherein connecting replacing for two or more conductor layers as at least one connector Generation, the structure include: at least two connectors of at least two conductor layers in the multiple conductor layer of connection, wherein described Connector is located at the place that outputs and inputs of at least two conductor layer, and at least two conductor layer has parallel court To.

5. structure according to claim 1, the number of plurality of conductor layer is less than or equal to the sum of layer, and in parallel Electrical connection.

6. structure according to claim 1, wherein multiple conductor layers of electrical connection in parallel and more than second be electrically connected in parallel One or more of a conductive layer is electrically connected in series.

7. structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is transmitted or received wireless energy be include that energy is believed Number, the electric signal of at least one of electric current, voltage, power signal and data-signal.

8. structure according to claim 1 has the quality factor greater than 100.

9. structure according to claim 1 further includes the electricity selected from the group including resistor, inductor and capacitor Circuit component.

10. structure according to claim 1, at least one conductor layer in plurality of conductor layer has cross section shape Shape, the cross-sectional shape are circular cross section, rectangular cross section, square cross section, triangular cross section or elliptic cross-section Face.

11. structure according to claim 1, wherein at least one described connector includes through-hole, hole, solder, connector, draws At least one of line, pin and rivet.

12. structure according to claim 1, there is planform, the planform include the tubular configuration of round helical, The tubular configuration of rectangular helical, the configuration of round screw thread shape, the configuration of square spiral shape, rectangular arrangement, triangular arrangement, round screw thread- At least one of the tubular configuration of helical, the tubular configuration of square spiral-helical and the tubular configuration of conformal helical.

13. structure according to claim 1, at least one conductor layer in plurality of conductor layer has an at least circle.

14. structure according to claim 1, wherein forming at least one conductor in multiple conductor layers by conductive material Layer, is formed from an electrically-insulative material at least one insulator layer for separating each conductor layer.

15. structure according to claim 1 further includes comprising in resonator, antenna, RFID label tag and RFID transponder The device of at least one.