CN104034862A - Method for quantifying influence of alternative freeze-thaw action on soil erodibility - Google Patents
Method for quantifying influence of alternative freeze-thaw action on soil erodibility Download PDFInfo
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- CN104034862A CN104034862A CN201410299332.4A CN201410299332A CN104034862A CN 104034862 A CN104034862 A CN 104034862A CN 201410299332 A CN201410299332 A CN 201410299332A CN 104034862 A CN104034862 A CN 104034862A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quantifying the influence of the alternative freeze-thaw action on the soil erodibility. The method comprises the following steps: performing freeze-thaw cycle, namely, preparing screened air dried soil with the predesigned water content, and subsequently putting into a temperature control box for alternative freeze-thaw; drying the soil in air, namely, drying the soil after being subjected to the freeze-thaw in the air in a dry environment; and simulating rainfall, namely, putting the air dried soil into an experiment tank for simulating a rainfall experiment. By adopting the technical scheme, the influence of the alternative freeze-thaw action on the soil erodibility is practical and effective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of quantization method of soil erodibility, especially relate to the quantization method of alternate freezing and thawing effect on soil erodibility impact.
Background technology
The soil erosion is one of important environmental problem, and the soil erosion refers at top, all processes that under the External Force Actings such as waterpower, wind, freeze thawing and gravity, soil, parent soil material and other ground component be destroyed, degrade, transport and deposit.The main Types of the soil erosion has water erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion.First two type corrodes and mostly occurs in three seasons of spring and summer autumn, and freeze-thaw erosion occurs in winter-spring season.The research of the at present relevant soil erosion is a lot, but mainly concentrates on water erosion and wind erosion, and especially the research of water erosion is very ripe.Owing to corrode there is severe, the complicacy of erosion process and the reasons such as difficulty of monitoring and experimental simulation of environment, the research of freeze-thaw erosion relatively lags behind.China's frozen soil area accounts for 75% of area, and freeze-thaw erosion is widely distributed.According to Second National Soil Erosion Survey by Remote Sensing statistics, in the whole nation soil erosion total area 3,560,000 km2, exist the area of freeze-thaw erosion just to have 126.89 ten thousand km2, proportion is 35.6%, account for 13.36% of national total area, mainly be distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, the Inner Mongol, Gansu, Sichuan, 7 provinces and regions, Heilungkiang, near Qinghai-Tibet and alpine region is the region that freeze-thaw erosion distribution is the most concentrated and erosion is the strongest.Freeze-thaw erosion highlights gradually the impact of human survival and development and has caused that people more and more pay close attention to.Correlative study shows, thinks that freeze-thaw erosion accelerated soil losses speed, makes a large amount of agricultures, woods, meadow destroyed, reduced fertility.The soil erosion that the speed of freeze-thaw erosion has caused not second to heavy rain.And as the Changjiang river, Yellow River Main, want the Qinghai-Tibet Platean in source, freeze-thaw erosion area to increase, seriously affected the development of local people's production, life and regional economy.Meanwhile, the product of freeze-thaw erosion also becomes one of main source of the Changjiang river, Yellow River mud.Therefore, carry out freeze-thaw erosion Research Significance great, yet up to the present, the research of freeze-thaw erosion is extremely short of.The present invention utilizes indoor alternate freezing and thawing test and simulated rain trails, study the impact of alternate freezing and thawing effect on invading property of soil, for a kind of new method and new approaches have been expanded in the research of freeze-thaw erosion, this invention has important scientific guidance meaning to the research of freeze-thaw erosion.Therefore, how a kind of practicality is provided, effectively quantizes the method for unfreezing on soil erodibility impact, just become the problem of worth solution.
Summary of the invention
How the present invention to provide a kind of practicality in order solving, effectively to quantize the problem of alternate freezing and thawing effect on the method for soil erodibility impact, propose a kind ofly to utilize indoor alternate freezing and thawing test and simulated rain trails to quantize the technical scheme of alternate freezing and thawing effect on the method for soil erodibility impact, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The invention provides a kind of the affect method of alternate freezing and thawing effect on soil erodibility that quantize, utilize indoor alternate freezing and thawing test and simulated rain trails to determine the erosion property of soil.
The present invention quantizes the method for alternate freezing and thawing effect on soil erodibility impact, and its operation steps is as follows:
(1) screening and the configuration of test soil sample: test soil needs the air-dry 5mm of mistake sieve, water cut has 10% and 20% two kind.
(2) the freeze thawing circulation of test soil sample: by the soil of two kinds of different moisture contents that prepare after sieving, packing each internal diameter into according to the standard of every 1.5kg is 25cm, and height is in the Plastic Drum with cover of 20cm, and each need to fill 8 barrels the soil of two kinds of water cut, needs altogether 16 barrels.The bucket that installs soil sample is placed on and in temperature control box, carries out alternate freezing and thawing circulation, and freeze thawing circulation is two kinds of 3 times and 6 times.
(3) test soil sample is air-dry: the soil sample bucket that meets the design of freeze thawing cycle period is taken out from temperature control box, the soil sample of identical water cut and identical freezing-thawing cycles, under dry environment, hang in the enterprising sector-style of kraft of same 1.5m*1.5m dry, and at the edge of kraft, carrying out the mark of water cut and cycle index, air-dry time is one week.
(4) simulated rain trails: the soil sample after air-dry is packed into and carry out simulated rain trails in the soil box of testing 0.5m*0.2m*0.08m, the dosage of test soil that each soil box packs into is 2.9kg, structure is processed consistent, the gradient is 5%, the rainfall form of simulated rainfall is continuous rainfall, and selected rainfall intensity is 50mm/min, 25mm/min, 75mm/min, tetra-kinds of 100mm/min.
(5) comparison of soil erodibility: the sediment yield by the soil sample under two kinds of water cut and two kinds of freezing-thawing cycles in simulated rain trails compares in the sediment yield under simulated rainfall with the soil sample of not carrying out any unfreezing, and the impact on soil erodibility of different moisture content and freezing-thawing cycles is described.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effect:
(1) test soil sample has been carried out to reconfiguring of air-dry screening processing and different moisture content, test findings has more consistance and contrast property;
(2) compare with traditional indoor freezing and thawing cyclic design, the freeze thawing cyclic design process in the present invention has been considered air drying process simultaneously, so freeze thawing cyclic design is more reasonable, more identical with natural alternate freezing and thawing phenomenon;
(3) compare with traditional indoor freezing and thawing cyclic design, the pace of change of the minimum temperature in freeze thawing cyclic design, maximum temperature and temperature and natural alternate freezing and thawing circulation are more identical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the husky intensity contrast figure of the product under two kinds of water cut and two kinds of freezing-thawing cycles;
The husky intensity contrast figure of product when Fig. 2 is 10% water cut under two kinds of freeze thawing cycle periods;
The husky intensity contrast figure of product when Fig. 3 is 20% water cut under two kinds of freeze thawing cycle periods;
Fig. 4 is that freeze thawing cycle period is 3 o'clock two kinds of husky intensity contrast figure of the product under water cut;
Fig. 5 is that freeze thawing cycle period is 6 o'clock two kinds of husky intensity contrast figure of the product under water cut.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
In following examples, whole experiment is to complete in the soil erosion National Key Laboratory of United States Department of Agriculture that is positioned at Purdue Univ-West Lafayette USA campus.Other experiment parameters are as follows.
Soil for test: Alfisol, air-dry, cross 5mm sieve;
Test water cut: 10%, 20%;
The cycle of freeze thawing circulation: 3 times and 6 times;
The temperature of freeze thawing circulation is controlled: maximum temperature is 4 ℃, and maximum temperature is-12 ℃;
The speed of freeze thawing circulation is controlled: the rate temperature change of alternate freezing and thawing is respectively-12 ℃/24h and 4 ℃/24h.
Soil air-dry time: one week;
Soil bin size: 4 0.5m*0.2m*0.08m soil boxs;
The soil bin gradient: 5%;
Filling form: supreme from bottom land is that 2cm natural sand, fiber and 5cm test are with native successively;
Rainfall equipment: swing rain maker;
Shower nozzle array configuration: 4 shower nozzles are to spray, and shower nozzle is apart from ground 2.45m;
Test selected rainfall intensity: 50mm/min, 25mm/min, 75mm/min, 100mm/min;
Rainfall form: continuous rainfall.
Embodiment mono-:
By completing freeze thawing cycle period and air-dry soil (10% water cut, freezing and thawing cycle is 3), according to each soil box 1.45kg, be uniformly applied in soil bin, carry out simulated rain trails.In rainfall, adopt 50mm/min rainfall 60min, every 5min connects a runoff bulk sample, then switch to 25mm/min rainfall 20min, every 5min accesses a runoff bulk sample, then switch to 75mm/min rainfall 10min, every 3min accesses a runoff bulk sample, then switches to 100mm/min, every 3min accesses a runoff bulk sample, and whole test lasts 100min.After off-test, will test runoff samples weighing, and then add alum water precipitation 24h, and then outwell clear liquid above, the runoff and sediment sample of outwelling after clear liquid is placed to large baking oven, 105 ℃ are dried 24h, wait after finish-drying, and taking-up is weighed.Can calculate according to empty bottle weight, weight in wet base and dry weight basis the runoff and sediment sample of each soil box.Contrast with the test findings of Control experiment groove (soil not circulating through any freeze thawing), can analyze the recruitment of producing husky intensity under different moisture content and freeze thawing cycle period, i.e. the affect amount of alternate freezing and thawing effect on soil erodibility.
Embodiment bis-:
The present embodiment is from the different of embodiment mono-, and the freezing and thawing cycle that puts on the soil of soil box is 6.
Embodiment tri-:
The present embodiment is from the different of embodiment mono-, and the water cut that puts on the soil of soil box is 20%, and freezing and thawing cycle is 3.
Embodiment tetra-:
The present embodiment is from the different of embodiment mono-, and the water cut that puts on the soil of soil box is 20%, and freezing and thawing cycle is 6.
Test figure in above embodiment is as shown in Fig. 1～5.
Claims (8)
1. the quantization method of alternate freezing and thawing effect on soil erodibility impact, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Freeze thawing circulation step, puts into temperature control box after the wind desiceted soil sieving is configured according to the water cut of design in advance and carries out alternate freezing and thawing;
The air-dry step of soil is carried out air-dry by the soil that completes freezing and thawing cycle under dry environment;
Simulated rainfall step, packs the soil after air-dry into soil bin and carries out simulated rain trails.
2. the quantization method of alternate freezing and thawing effect according to claim 1 on soil erodibility impact, is characterized in that: the soil of alternate freezing and thawing used need to be crossed 5mm sieve.
3. the quantization method of alternate freezing and thawing effect according to claim 1 on soil erodibility impact, is characterized in that: the water cut of alternate freezing and thawing soil used is 10% and 20% two kind.
4. the quantization method of alternate freezing and thawing effect according to claim 1 on soil erodibility impact, is characterized in that: it is 25cm that alternate freezing and thawing soil used packs internal diameter into according to every 1.5kg, highly in the plastic containers with cover for 20cm, carries out alternate freezing and thawing.
5. the quantization method of alternate freezing and thawing effect according to claim 1 on soil erodibility impact, is characterized in that: the cycle of alternate freezing and thawing is 3 and 6.
6. the quantization method of alternate freezing and thawing effect according to claim 1 on soil erodibility impact, is characterized in that: it is-12 ℃ with minimum temperature that the maximum temperature of alternate freezing and thawing is 4 ℃.
7. the quantization method of alternate freezing and thawing effect according to claim 1 on soil erodibility impact, is characterized in that: the rate temperature change of alternate freezing and thawing is respectively-12 ℃/24h and 4 ℃/24h.
8. the quantization method of alternate freezing and thawing effect according to claim 1 on soil erodibility impact, is characterized in that: described air-dry time is 7 days.
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| CN111504891A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Simulation quantification method for influence of composite erosion on water and soil loss |
| CN112139234A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-29 | 东北大学 | Method for inhibiting heavy metal desorption in soil freeze thawing process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104951608B (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2018-04-03 | 长安大学 | A kind of evaluation of actual environment unfreezing intensity and quantization method |
| CN111504891A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Simulation quantification method for influence of composite erosion on water and soil loss |
| CN112139234A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-29 | 东北大学 | Method for inhibiting heavy metal desorption in soil freeze thawing process |
| CN112139234B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-09-14 | 东北大学 | Method for inhibiting heavy metal desorption in soil freeze thawing process |
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Inventor after: Wei Xia Inventor after: Huang Jihua Inventor after: Wei Ning Inventor before: Wei Xia Inventor before: Li Xungui |
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