CN104027167A - Electromagnetic radiation protector and electrotome with electromagnetic radiation protection function - Google Patents
Electromagnetic radiation protector and electrotome with electromagnetic radiation protection function Download PDFInfo
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- CN104027167A CN104027167A CN201410312733.9A CN201410312733A CN104027167A CN 104027167 A CN104027167 A CN 104027167A CN 201410312733 A CN201410312733 A CN 201410312733A CN 104027167 A CN104027167 A CN 104027167A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic radiation protector and an electrotome with an electromagnetic radiation protection function. The protector comprises a first plug, a first transmission line, a control box, a second plug and a second transmission line, wherein first plug, the first transmission line, the control box, the second plug and the second transmission line are connected in sequence. The first plug is respectively connected with the high-frequency electrotome or a LEEP knife instrument and the first transmission line, and the second transmission line is respectively connected with the second plug and a knife handle. The outer layer of the first transmission line and the outer layer of the second transmission line are respectively of a densely-woven-net-shaped structure. The control box comprises a start trigger unit, a one-off blocking unit, a processor, an output indication unit and an output control unit. The processor is respectively connected with the start trigger unit, the one-off blocking unit, the output indication unit and the output control unit, and the one-off blocking unit is further connected with the start trigger unit. According to the electromagnetic radiation protector and the electrotome with the electromagnetic radiation protection function, electromagnetic radiation of the electrotome can be reduced effectively, and the radiation intensity is reduced to be within a national standard safety range.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electromagnetic radiation protection technical field, relate to a kind of electromagnetic radiation protector, relate in particular to a kind of electromagnetic radiation protector of electric knife; Meanwhile, the invention still further relates to a kind of electric knife with electromagnetic radiation protection function.The present invention is hazardness protection rarely known by the people in Modern Medical Field, and protection medical worker and patient's is healthy.
Background technology
Electromagnetic radiation is present in multiple environment, generally can not work the mischief to human body, but under a lot of professional occasions, be exactly a kind of electromagnetic pollution can not be ignored, exceed the safety limit of national regulation, just likely human body is produced to various injuries, such as nervous dysfunction, chest distress and palpitation symptoms, menoxenia, induced tumor etc.Because electromagnetic wave be cannot see and be can not touch, known to the crowd who is subject to radiation under a lot of professional occasions is not also, the operating room of hospital is exactly typical place.
As shown in Figure 1, now many hospitals perform the operation and substantially use high frequency electric knife, LEEP cutter etc. to replace traditional operation blade, and these modern surgical technics are more advanced, and operating time is short, goes out insufficiency of blood, little to damage to patient.But the side effect that this advanced technology is brought is exactly electromagnetic radiation.Survey by instrumentation, when operation, the intensity of electromagnetic radiation is up to about 1500V, and according to GB; Specific as follows:
High-frequency radiation safety limit value GB9175-88 regulation:
Operation place high frequency radiation sanitary standard: GB10437-89 regulation:
Continuous wave must not expose and is exceeded 19V/m for 4 hours;
Impulse wave must not expose and is exceeded 10V/m for 8 hours;
Within 4 hours, must not expose and exceed 14V/m.
So the radiant intensity of operating room exceeds more than 100 times of safety criterion, the requirement specifying far beyond GB.Often doctor and patient are subject to known to high-level radiation is not also.
One of harm, medical research proves, in the long-term environment in high electromagnetic radiation, can make blood, lymph fluid and cellular plasm change.Serious cause leukemic generation.
Two of harm, can bring out cancer and accelerate the cancer cell multiplication of human body.Electromagnetic radiation pollution meeting affects blood circulation, immunity, reproduction and the metabolic function of human body, the serious cancer of also can bringing out, and can accelerate the cancer cell multiplication of human body.
Three of harm, affects people's reproductive system, and main manifestations is that man's sperm quality reduces, and spontaneous abortion and fetal anomaly etc. occur anemia of pregnant woman.
Four of harm, can cause children's intelligence incompleteness.Show, in 2,000 ten thousand children of the annual birth of China, have 350,000 for defect youngster according to latest survey, wherein 250,000 is intelligence incompleteness, has expert to think that electromagnetic radiation is also one of influence factor.World Health Organization (WHO) thinks, the electromagnetic radiation of computer, television set, mobile phone has harmful effect to fetus.
Five of harm, affects people's cardiovascular system, shows as cardiopalmus, insomnia, and some women disorder of menstrual cycle, bradycardia, heartbeat oligemia, sinus rate is uneven, leukopenia, immunologic function degression etc.If in the environment of the patient that cardiac pacemaker is housed in high electromagnetic radiation, can affect the normal use of cardiac pacemaker.
Six of harm, has harmful effect to people's visual system.Because eyes belong to the responsive organ of human body to electromagnetic radiation, too high electromagnetic radiation pollution meeting causes visual deterioration, cataract etc.
In recent years, media are always not disconnected to the harmful report of electromagnetic radiation both at home and abroad: Italy has more than 400 child's cases with leukemia every year, and expert thinks that the cause of disease is to be subject to serious electromagnetic pollution; The patient sample chemical examination of the U.S.'s one treatment of cancer foundation to some round electromagnetic radiation damage, result shows near the people who works high-voltage line, fast 24 times than common people of its growth of cancer cells speed; In 2,000 ten thousand children of the annual birth of China, have 350,000 for defect youngster, wherein 250,000 is intelligence incompleteness, has expert to think, electromagnetic radiation is one of influence factor.
The mankind live in electricity Ci Huan Jing Li always in fact.The earth itself is exactly a large magnetic field, and the heat radiation that it is surperficial and thunder and lightning all can produce electromagnetic radiation.In addition, the sun and other celestial bodies also produce electromagnetic radiation continuously from outer space.But the electromagnetic radiation of natural generation is not have prejudicially to human body, and human body is constituted a threat to, is the artificial electromagnetic radiation producing to environment.
Electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic pollution are two concepts, though electromagnetic radiation is ubiquitous, at all times, but electromagnetic pollution only exceedes after some strength (being safety and sanitation standard limit value) in electromagnetic radiation, just human body is produced to negative effect, cause headache, insomnia, amnesia, hypertension or decline, heart to occur the symptoms such as boundary sexual abnormality.As long-term operation under the super-strength environment of electromagnetic radiation, some of the staff miscarry in serious may causing, cataract, even bring out carcinogenic.
Heat effect: in the time that human body is accepted electromagnetic radiation, in body, molecule can be along with the conversion rapid movement of electromagnetic field, human body is heated up, and heat effect can cause the dysfunction of nervus centralis and plant psychiatric system, and main manifestations be that dizziness, insomnia, the subhealth state such as forgetful show.
Non-thermal effect: absorbed radiation is not enough to cause that body temperature increases, but also cause physiological change and reaction.Live and work is excessively of a specified duration in this environment, there will be the clinical symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue and weak, hypomnesis, loss of appetite.
In view of this, nowadays in the urgent need to designing the radiation protector of a kind of high frequency electric knife, LEEP cutter, to overcome the above-mentioned defect of existing modus operandi.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of electromagnetic radiation protector is provided, can effectively reduces the electromagnetic radiation of electric knife, within radiant intensity is dropped to GB safety range.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of electric knife with electromagnetic radiation protection function, can effectively reduce the electromagnetic radiation of electric knife, within radiant intensity is dropped to GB safety range.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of electromagnetic radiation protector, described protector comprises the first plug, the first transmission line, control box, the second plug, the second transmission line that connect successively;
Described the first plug connects respectively high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument, the first transmission line, and the second transmission line connects respectively the second plug, handle of a knife;
Described the first transmission line, the second transmission line include three layers of demagnetization layer, ground floor is for adopting the close web material layer metal foiled paper of low-resistance to be wound around holding wire from inside to outside, the second layer be adopt low-resistance close volume wire netting material by the mode compact winding that is wound around outside ground floor, the 3rd layer is low resistance metal paper mold material, adopts the ultra-thin absorbing material of light weight to be wrapped in outside the second layer; Electromagnetic wave absorption effectively, suppress electromagnetic radiation, make it to be converted into heat energy, by three layers of shielding, reduce electromagnetic radiation, then by the demagnetization of demagnetization unit, (or ground floor is the close web material layer of low-resistance from inside to outside to make electromagnetic radiation continue reduction, the second layer is the close net materials of low-resistance by the mode compact winding that is wound around outside ground floor, and the 3rd layer is low resistance metal paper mold material, is wrapped in outside the second layer; The close net materials of low-resistance is shielded electromagnetic radiation part, and stick signal part, then use low resistance metal paper mold material, absorb the electromagnetic radiation of revealing after shielding);
Described control box comprises startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, processor, radiant intensity sensing unit, demagnetization unit, output indicating member, output control unit; Described processor connects respectively startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, radiant intensity sensing unit, demagnetization unit, output indicating member, output control unit, and disposable blocking unit also connects startup trigger unit;
Described startup trigger unit is started working in order to control protector, comprises timing, metering output;
Described disposable blocking unit is forced disposable use in order to control protector, or restriction is used under timing, metering; Disposable blocking unit comprises single-chip microcomputer, relay, and single-chip microcomputer judges whether to reach blocking-up condition, if reach to relay transmitted signal control relay power-off;
Described radiant intensity sensing unit is in order to intercept radiation signal by induction coil, and this signal is quantized to classification, under the control of electronic potentiometer, produce level signal, compare with the preset value being preset in memorizer, then control access times by microprocessor according to safety limit;
Described demagnetization unit is in order to eliminate electromagnetic radiation; Demagnetization unit adopts three grades of filtering, two kinds of forms of active and passive combination; One-level adopts active low-pass filter, and secondary adopts π type passive filter, and three grades adopt lonely unifrequent notch filter; Three grades of wave filter connect successively;
Described processor, in order to process the working condition of whole control box, comprises that timing, metering, radiant intensity identification, safety limit detection, demagnetization control, duty instruction are controlled, off working state instruction is controlled;
Described output indicating member is in order to show the state of electric knife by display lamp;
Described output control unit, in order to control the output that maintains or cut off high-frequency signal, makes high frequency electric knife or the output of LEEP cutter instrument inactivity, cannot cut and organize.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described control box also comprises signal trace recognition unit, in order to follow the tracks of and identification signal; Realize monitoring and instruction to high frequency output, the duty of electric knife and the in good time adjustment to high-frequency energy while showing operation in time, reach the best output to patient's operation, prevents that high-frequency energy output is excessive or too small.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described control box also comprises anti-tampering unit, in order to prevent the phase mutual interference of signal between electric knife.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described control box also comprises indicating member, be connected with output indicating member, and in order to judge whether protector normally works, and by display lamp indicating operating status.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the memorizer that described processor connects completes timing, metering function, when predefined service time not then, allow secondary to use, or pre-stored access times, when access times time do not allow to reuse to setting value; Meanwhile, need to meet the requirement of safety limit, allow repeatedly to use under safety limit.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the work indicating section of described protector adopts intermittent mode power supply, the no function Close All of processor.
A kind of electromagnetic radiation protector, described protector comprises startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, processor, output control unit; ;
Described processor connects respectively startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, output control unit, and disposable blocking unit also connects startup trigger unit;
Described startup trigger unit is started working in order to control protector, comprises timing, metering output;
Described disposable blocking unit is forced disposable use in order to control protector, or restriction is used under timing, metering; Disposable blocking unit comprises single-chip microcomputer, relay, and single-chip microcomputer judges whether to reach blocking-up condition, if reach to relay transmitted signal control relay power-off;
Described processor, in order to process the working condition of whole control box, comprises that timing, metering, radiant intensity identification, safety limit detection, demagnetization control, duty instruction are controlled, off working state instruction is controlled;
Described output control unit is in order to control the output that maintains or cut off high-frequency signal.
Have an electric knife for electromagnetic radiation protection function, described electric knife comprises high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument, electromagnetic radiation protector, handle of a knife, power blade;
Described electromagnetic radiation protector comprises the first plug, the first transmission line, control box, the second plug, the second transmission line that connect successively;
Described the first plug connects respectively high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument, the first transmission line, and the second transmission line connects respectively the second plug, handle of a knife;
Described the first transmission line, the second transmission line include three layers of demagnetization layer, ground floor is for adopting the close web material layer metal foiled paper of low-resistance to be wound around holding wire from inside to outside, the second layer be adopt low-resistance close volume wire netting material by the mode compact winding that is wound around outside ground floor, the 3rd layer is low resistance metal paper mold material, adopts the ultra-thin absorbing material of light weight to be wrapped in outside the second layer; Electromagnetic wave absorption effectively, suppress electromagnetic radiation, make it to be converted into heat energy, by three layers of shielding, reduce electromagnetic radiation, then by the demagnetization of demagnetization unit, (or ground floor is the close web material layer of low-resistance from inside to outside to make electromagnetic radiation continue reduction, the second layer is the close net materials of low-resistance by the mode compact winding that is wound around outside ground floor, and the 3rd layer is low resistance metal paper mold material, is wrapped in outside the second layer; The close net materials of low-resistance is shielded electromagnetic radiation part, and stick signal part, then use low resistance metal paper mold material, absorb the electromagnetic radiation of revealing after shielding);
Described control box comprises startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, processor, radiant intensity sensing unit, demagnetization unit, output indicating member, output control unit; Described processor connects respectively startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, radiant intensity sensing unit, demagnetization unit, output indicating member, output control unit, and disposable blocking unit also connects startup trigger unit;
Described startup trigger unit is started working in order to control protector, comprises timing, metering output;
Described disposable blocking unit is forced disposable use in order to control protector, or restriction is used under timing, metering; Disposable blocking unit comprises single-chip microcomputer, relay, and single-chip microcomputer judges whether to reach blocking-up condition, if reach to relay transmitted signal control relay power-off;
Described radiant intensity sensing unit is in order to intercept radiation signal by induction coil, and this signal is quantized to classification, under the control of electronic potentiometer, produce level signal, compare with the preset value being preset in memorizer, then control access times by microprocessor according to safety limit;
Described demagnetization unit is in order to eliminate electromagnetic radiation; Demagnetization unit adopts three grades of filtering, two kinds of forms of active and passive combination; One-level adopts active low-pass filter, and secondary adopts π type passive filter, and three grades adopt lonely unifrequent notch filter; Three grades of wave filter connect successively;
Described processor, in order to process the working condition of whole control box, comprises that timing, metering, radiant intensity identification, safety limit detection, demagnetization control, duty instruction are controlled, off working state instruction is controlled;
Described output indicating member is in order to show the state of electric knife by display lamp;
Described output control unit, in order to control the output that maintains or cut off high-frequency signal, makes high frequency electric knife or the output of LEEP cutter instrument inactivity, cannot cut and organize.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the electromagnetic radiation protector that the present invention proposes and have the electric knife of electromagnetic radiation protection function, can effectively reduce the electromagnetic radiation of electric knife, within radiant intensity is dropped to GB safety range.
Due to the instruments such as high frequency electric knife, LEEP cutter operating room place position leave medical personnel and patient far away, harm is little, and the output lead of electric knife is to be held in doctor's hands, to be used in patient, also on output lead, record up to 1500V left and right electromagnetic radiation intensity, therefore the present invention is directed to output lead and shield.By plug, socket, close volume shielding line and the protective shielding box of special making, within radiant intensity is dropped to GB safety range.
The present invention, by starting up's recognition technology, is restricted to electromagnetic radiation protector once and uses, and meets national nonrecoverable requirement.The present invention is that high frequency electric knife, LEEP cutter are special, and don't changes original operation technique flow process and surgical effect.In addition, this protector uses single chip microcomputer technology, makes electromagnetic radiation protector shielding more reliable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the composition schematic diagram of existing electric knife.
Fig. 2 is the composition schematic diagram of electric knife of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the composition schematic diagram of electromagnetic radiation protector of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram that starts trigger unit in embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of disposable blocking unit in embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of demagnetization unit in embodiment.
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of radiant intensity sensing unit in embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment mono-
Refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the present invention has disclosed a kind of electromagnetic radiation protector, and described protector comprises the first plug 11, the first transmission line 12, control box 13, the second plug 14, the second transmission line 15 that connect successively; Described the first plug 11 connects respectively high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument 2, the first transmission line 12, the second transmission lines 15 connect respectively the second plug 14, handle of a knife 3.
Described the first plug 11, the second plug 14 can be all that unequal interval is spacing, are different from common power plug, socket, can avoid socket position.Plug is in line, but not triangle arrangement.Advantage is: (1) is convenient to plug, can spacingly can not send out slotting; (2) screen layer is directly embedded in plug, screen layer is closer to radiation source (high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument 2), and shield effectiveness is better.
Described the first transmission line 12, the second transmission line 15 include three layers of demagnetization layer, ground floor adopts metal foiled paper to be wound around holding wire from inside to outside, the second layer adopt close volume wire netting by the mode compact winding that is wound around outside ground floor, the 3rd layer adopts light weight ultra-thin absorbing material to be wrapped in outside the second layer.Electromagnetic wave absorption so effectively, suppresses electromagnetic radiation, makes it to be converted into heat energy, by three layers of shielding, radiation is reduced greatly, then by the demagnetization of demagnetization unit, substantially makes radiation be down to zero.Certainly, the sequencing of above-mentioned each layer can be adjusted, and also can increase or reduce the number of plies of demagnetization layer.
Described control box 13 comprises startup trigger unit 131, disposable blocking unit 132, processor 133, radiant intensity sensing unit 136, demagnetization unit 137, output indicating member 134, output control unit 135; Described processor 133 connects respectively startup trigger unit 131, disposable blocking unit 132, radiant intensity sensing unit 136, demagnetization unit 137, output indicating member 134, output control unit 135, and disposable blocking unit 132 also connects startup trigger unit 131.
Described startup trigger unit 131 is started working in order to control protector, comprises timing, metering output.Before doctor's operation, press start button, whole protector (shielding harness) is in running order, can perform the operation, and this also designs for power saving.
Refer to Fig. 4, start trigger unit and comprise button, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, audion T1, shaping chip IC 1, paraphase chip IC 2, the two ends of button are respectively by base stage, the colelctor electrode of resistance R 1, resistance R 2 connecting triode T1, the colelctor electrode of audion T1 connects the input of shaping chip IC 1, the outfan of shaping chip IC 1 connects the input of paraphase chip IC 2, and the outfan of paraphase chip IC 2 connects processor.
Described disposable blocking unit 132 is forced disposable use in order to control protector, or restriction is used under timing, metering; Disposable blocking unit comprises single-chip microcomputer, relay, and single-chip microcomputer judges whether to reach blocking-up condition, if reach to relay transmitted signal control relay power-off.If operating time is long, radiant power is very large, and after reaching and imposing a condition, processor can start self-destroying function, and device is burnt, and can not use again.
Refer to Fig. 5, disposable blocking unit comprises resistance R 3, diode D1, audion T2, relay, piezoelectric sensing element.Processor passes through the base stage of resistance R 3 connecting triode T2, the collector connection relay of audion T2, diode D1, and relay connects piezoelectric sensing element.
Described radiant intensity sensing unit 136 is in order to intercept radiation signal by induction coil, and this signal is quantized to classification, under the control of electronic potentiometer, produce level signal, compare with the preset value being preset in memorizer, then control access times by microprocessor according to safety limit.
Refer to Fig. 7, radiant intensity sensing unit comprises AD converter, operational amplifier IC5, audion T4, audion T5, diode D2, slide rheostat W1, inductance L 5, capacitor C 11, capacitor C 12, capacitor C 13, capacitor C 14, capacitor C 15, capacitor C 16, some resistance (resistance R 13～resistance R 21).
The first end of the first end of the first end of power supply Vc contact resistance R16, the first end of resistance R 14, resistance R 13.
The colelctor electrode of the second end connecting triode T5 of resistance R 16, the first end of resistance R 17.
The colelctor electrode of the second end connecting triode T4 of resistance R 14, the first end of capacitor C 12.The second end of capacitor C 12 connects the first end of capacitor C 11, the first end of inductance L 5; The second end of inductance L 5 connects capacitor C 13.The first end of the emitter stage contact resistance R15 of audion T4, the first end of capacitor C 15, the base stage of audion T5.
The second end of resistance R 13 connects the first end of capacitor C 14, the positive pole of diode D2, the base stage of audion T4; The second termination of capacitor C 14 enters between inductance L 5 and capacitor C 13; The negative pole of diode D2 connects slide rheostat W1.
The second end of the negative pole contact resistance R17 of operational amplifier IC5, the first end of resistance R 21, the first end of the second end of the anodal contact resistance R18 of operational amplifier IC5, the first end of capacitor C 16, resistance R 19, the first end of resistance R 20; The first end of resistance R 18 connects power supply Vc; The second termination of resistance R 21 enters the outfan of operational amplifier IC5.The outfan of operational amplifier IC5 connects AD converter, and AD converter connects processor.
Described demagnetization unit 137 is in order to eliminate electromagnetic radiation; Demagnetization unit adopts three grades of filtering, two kinds of forms of active and passive combination; One-level adopts active low-pass filter, and secondary adopts π type passive filter, and three grades adopt lonely unifrequent notch filter; Three grades of wave filter connect successively.
Refer to Fig. 6, demagnetization unit comprises audion T3, operational amplifier IC3, operational amplifier IC4, inductance L 1, inductance L 2, inductance L 3, inductance L 4, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7, resistance R 8, resistance R 9, resistance R 10, resistance R 11, resistance R 12, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4, capacitor C 5, capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7, capacitor C 8, capacitor C 9, capacitor C 10.
One end of inductance L 1 connects the first end of capacitor C 1, other end ground connection; The second first end of end contact resistance R4 and the base stage of audion T3 of electric capacity, the grounded emitter of audion T3, the second end of the colelctor electrode contact resistance R4 of audion T3, the first end of resistance R 5, the first end of resistance R 6; The second end of resistance R 5 connects power supply Vc; The first end of the second end contact resistance R7 of resistance R 6, the first end of capacitor C 2; The negative pole of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC3 of resistance R 7, the outfan of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC3 of capacitor C 2, the first end of resistance R 8; The first end of the anodal contact resistance R9 of operational amplifier IC3, the first end of the outfan contact resistance R8 of operational amplifier IC3, the first end of capacitor C 3, the first end of inductance L 2; The first end of the second end contact resistance R9 of resistance R 8; The second end ground connection of resistance R 9.
The equal ground connection of the second end of capacitor C 3, capacitor C 5, capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7, capacitor C 8.Inductance L 2, capacitor C 4, inductance L 3, capacitor C 6, inductance L 4, capacitor C 9, capacitor C 10, resistance R 12 connect successively; The first end of capacitor C 5 accesses between capacitor C 4, inductance L 3, and the first end of capacitor C 7 accesses between capacitor C 6, inductance L 4, and the first end of capacitor C 8 accesses between inductance L 4, capacitor C 9.
The first end of resistance R 10 accesses between capacitor C 9, capacitor C 10, negative pole and the signal output part out of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC4 of resistance R 10; The first end of resistance R 11 accesses between capacitor C 10, resistance R 12, the second end ground connection of resistance R 11.The positive pole of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC4 of resistance R 12, the outfan of operational amplifier IC4 connects signal output part out.
Described processor 133, in order to process the working condition of whole control box, is determined the work of each functional unit by sampling analysis.Comprise that timing, metering, radiant intensity identification, safety limit detection, demagnetization control, duty instruction are controlled, off working state instruction is controlled.
Described output indicating member 134 is in order to show the state of electric knife by display lamp, whether instruction work is normal, and record service time.
Described output control unit 135 maintains or cuts off the output (adopting low power devices to control the output of electric knife) of high-frequency signal in order to control, make high frequency electric knife or the output of LEEP cutter instrument inactivity, cannot cut and organize.
In addition, described control box 13 also comprises signal trace recognition unit, in order to follow the tracks of and to identify radiation signal; Realize monitoring and instruction to high frequency output, the duty of electric knife and the in good time adjustment to high-frequency energy while showing operation in time, reach the best output to patient's operation, prevents that high-frequency energy output is excessive or too small.The watt level of high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument 2, directly causes the size of radiation, and need to adjust output for different patients and different positions when operation in good time, and signal trace recognition unit is used for realizing the demand.Signal trace recognition unit extracts the induced signal of radiation by electromagnetic wave induction coil, amplify and AD conversion by signal, and the classification of processor internal signal comes recording power intensity and radiant intensity.
Preferably, described control box also comprises anti-tampering unit 138, in order to prevent the phase mutual interference of signal between electric knife.
Described control box also comprises indicating member, is connected with output indicating member, and in order to judge whether protector normally works, and by display lamp indicating operating status.
The present invention can allow secondary to use.The memorizer that described processor connects completes timing, metering function, when predefined service time not then, allow secondary to use, or pre-stored access times, when access times do not allow to reuse when setting value; Meanwhile, need to meet the requirement of safety limit, allow repeatedly to use under safety limit.Processor can judge according to the sampled result to radiant intensity, if operating time is shorter, input power is little, can allow secondary to use.
Electromagnetic radiation protector of the present invention can be saved electric energy, and control box adopts low energy-consumption electronic device; Meanwhile, the work indicating section of described protector adopts intermittent mode power supply, the no function of processor and software Close All.In addition, in the time not performing an operation in dormancy holding state.Checking by experiment, a joint 9V battery can move more than 48 hours for system, can meet requirements of operation completely.
The present invention also discloses a kind of electric knife with electromagnetic radiation protection function, and described electric knife comprises successively the high frequency electric knife that connects or LEEP cutter instrument 2, electromagnetic radiation protector, handle of a knife 3, power blade 4; Described electromagnetic radiation protector comprises the first plug 11, the first transmission line 12, control box 13, the second plug 14, the second transmission line 15 that connect successively; Described the first plug 11 connects respectively high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument 2, the first transmission line 12, the second transmission lines 15 connect respectively the second plug 14, handle of a knife 3.
The structure of the first plug 11, the first transmission line 12, control box 13 and formation can be with reference to the descriptions about electromagnetic radiation protector above.
Embodiment bis-
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment mono-is, in the present embodiment, electromagnetic radiation protector comprises and starts trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, processor, output control unit (demagnetization unit, radiant intensity sensing unit can be set); Described processor connects respectively startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, output control unit, and disposable blocking unit also connects startup trigger unit.
In sum, the electromagnetic radiation protector that the present invention proposes and have the electric knife of electromagnetic radiation protection function, can effectively reduce the electromagnetic radiation of electric knife, within radiant intensity is dropped to GB safety range.
Due to the instruments such as high frequency electric knife, LEEP cutter operating room place position leave medical personnel and patient far away, harm is little, and the output lead of electric knife is to be held in doctor's hands, to be used in patient, also on output lead, record up to 1500V left and right electromagnetic radiation intensity, therefore the present invention is directed to output lead and shield.By plug, socket, special close volume shielding line and the protective shielding device of special making, within radiant intensity is dropped to GB safety range.
The present invention, by starting up's recognition technology, is restricted to electromagnetic radiation protector once and uses, and meets national nonrecoverable requirement.The present invention is that high frequency electric knife, LEEP cutter are special, and don't changes original operation technique flow process and surgical effect.In addition, this protector uses single chip microcomputer technology, and intelligent management makes electromagnetic radiation protector shielding more reliable.
Here description of the invention and application is illustrative, not wants scope of the present invention to limit in the above-described embodiments.Here the distortion of disclosed embodiment and change is possible, and for those those of ordinary skill in the art, the various parts of the replacement of embodiment and equivalence are known.Those skilled in the art are noted that in the situation that not departing from spirit of the present invention or substitutive characteristics, and the present invention can be with other form, structure, layout, ratio, and realize with other assembly, material and parts.In the situation that not departing from the scope of the invention and spirit, can carry out other distortion and change to disclosed embodiment here.
Claims (10)
1. an electromagnetic radiation protector, is characterized in that, described protector comprises the first plug, the first transmission line, control box, the second plug, the second transmission line that connect successively;
Described the first plug connects respectively high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument, the first transmission line, and the second transmission line connects respectively the second plug, handle of a knife;
Described the first transmission line, the second transmission line include three layers of demagnetization layer, ground floor is for adopting the close web material layer metal foiled paper of low-resistance to be wound around holding wire from inside to outside, the second layer be adopt low-resistance close volume wire netting material by the mode compact winding that is wound around outside ground floor, the 3rd layer is low resistance metal paper mold material, adopts the ultra-thin absorbing material of light weight to be wrapped in outside the second layer; Electromagnetic wave absorption effectively, suppresses electromagnetic radiation, makes it to be converted into heat energy, by three layers of shielding, reduces electromagnetic radiation, then by the demagnetization of demagnetization unit, makes electromagnetic radiation continue to reduce;
Described control box comprises startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, processor, radiant intensity sensing unit, demagnetization unit, output indicating member, output control unit; Described processor connects respectively startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, radiant intensity sensing unit, demagnetization unit, output indicating member, output control unit, and disposable blocking unit also connects startup trigger unit;
Described startup trigger unit is started working in order to control protector, comprises timing, metering output;
Described disposable blocking unit is forced disposable use in order to control protector, or restriction is used under timing, metering; Disposable blocking unit comprises single-chip microcomputer, relay, and single-chip microcomputer judges whether to reach blocking-up condition, if reach to relay transmitted signal control relay power-off;
Described radiant intensity sensing unit is in order to intercept radiation signal by induction coil, and this signal is quantized to classification, under the control of electronic potentiometer, produce level signal, compare with the preset value being preset in memorizer, then control access times by microprocessor according to safety limit;
Described demagnetization unit is in order to eliminate electromagnetic radiation; Demagnetization unit adopts three grades of filtering, two kinds of forms of active and passive combination; One-level adopts active low-pass filter, and secondary adopts π type passive filter, and three grades adopt lonely unifrequent notch filter; Three grades of wave filter connect successively;
Described processor, in order to process the working condition of whole control box, comprises that timing, metering, radiant intensity identification, safety limit detection, demagnetization control, duty instruction are controlled, off working state instruction is controlled;
Described output indicating member is in order to show the state of electric knife by display lamp;
Described output control unit, in order to control the output that maintains or cut off high-frequency signal, makes high frequency electric knife or the output of LEEP cutter instrument inactivity, cannot cut and organize.
2. electromagnetic radiation protector according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described control box also comprises signal trace recognition unit, in order to follow the tracks of and identification signal; Realize monitoring and instruction to high frequency output, the duty of electric knife and the in good time adjustment to high-frequency energy while showing operation in time, reach the best output to patient's operation, prevents that high-frequency energy output is excessive or too small.
3. electromagnetic radiation protector according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described control box also comprises anti-tampering unit, in order to prevent the phase mutual interference of signal between electric knife.
4. electromagnetic radiation protector according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described control box also comprises indicating member, is connected with output indicating member, and in order to judge whether protector normally works, and by display lamp indicating operating status.
5. electromagnetic radiation protector according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The memorizer that described processor connects completes timing, metering function, when predefined service time not then, allow secondary to use, or pre-stored access times, when access times do not allow to reuse when setting value; Meanwhile, need to meet the requirement of safety limit, allow repeatedly to use under safety limit.
6. electromagnetic radiation protector according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The work indicating section of described protector adopts intermittent mode power supply, the no function Close All of processor.
7. electromagnetic radiation protector according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Start trigger unit and comprise button, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, audion T1, shaping chip IC 1, paraphase chip IC 2, the two ends of button are respectively by base stage, the colelctor electrode of resistance R 1, resistance R 2 connecting triode T1, the colelctor electrode of audion T1 connects the input of shaping chip IC 1, the outfan of shaping chip IC 1 connects the input of paraphase chip IC 2, and the outfan of paraphase chip IC 2 connects processor;
Disposable blocking unit comprises resistance R 3, diode D1, audion T2, relay, piezoelectric sensing element; Processor passes through the base stage of resistance R 3 connecting triode T2, the collector connection relay of audion T2, diode D1, and relay connects piezoelectric sensing element;
Demagnetization unit comprises audion T3, operational amplifier IC3, operational amplifier IC4, inductance L 1, inductance L 2, inductance L 3, inductance L 4, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7, resistance R 8, resistance R 9, resistance R 10, resistance R 11, resistance R 12, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4, capacitor C 5, capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7, capacitor C 8, capacitor C 9, capacitor C 10;
One end of inductance L 1 connects the first end of capacitor C 1, other end ground connection; The second first end of end contact resistance R4 and the base stage of audion T3 of electric capacity, the grounded emitter of audion T3, the second end of the colelctor electrode contact resistance R4 of audion T3, the first end of resistance R 5, the first end of resistance R 6; The second end of resistance R 5 connects power supply Vc; The first end of the second end contact resistance R7 of resistance R 6, the first end of capacitor C 2; The negative pole of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC3 of resistance R 7, the outfan of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC3 of capacitor C 2, the first end of resistance R 8; The first end of the anodal contact resistance R9 of operational amplifier IC3, the first end of the outfan contact resistance R8 of operational amplifier IC3, the first end of capacitor C 3, the first end of inductance L 2; The first end of the second end contact resistance R9 of resistance R 8; The second end ground connection of resistance R 9;
The equal ground connection of the second end of capacitor C 3, capacitor C 5, capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7, capacitor C 8; Inductance L 2, capacitor C 4, inductance L 3, capacitor C 6, inductance L 4, capacitor C 9, capacitor C 10, resistance R 12 connect successively; The first end of capacitor C 5 accesses between capacitor C 4, inductance L 3, and the first end of capacitor C 7 accesses between capacitor C 6, inductance L 4, and the first end of capacitor C 8 accesses between inductance L 4, capacitor C 9;
The first end of resistance R 10 accesses between capacitor C 9, capacitor C 10, negative pole and the signal output part out of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC4 of resistance R 10; The first end of resistance R 11 accesses between capacitor C 10, resistance R 12, the second end ground connection of resistance R 11; The positive pole of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC4 of resistance R 12, the outfan of operational amplifier IC4 connects signal output part out;
Radiant intensity sensing unit comprises AD converter, operational amplifier IC5, audion T4, audion T5, diode D2, slide rheostat W1, inductance L 5, capacitor C 11, capacitor C 12, capacitor C 13, capacitor C 14, capacitor C 15, capacitor C 16, resistance R 13, resistance R 14, resistance R 15, resistance R 16, resistance R 17, resistance R 18, resistance R 19, resistance R 20, resistance R 21;
The first end of power supply Vc contact resistance R16, the first end of resistance R 14, the first end of resistance R 13; The colelctor electrode of the second end connecting triode T5 of resistance R 16, the first end of resistance R 17;
The colelctor electrode of the second end connecting triode T4 of resistance R 14, the first end of capacitor C 12; The second end of capacitor C 12 connects the first end of capacitor C 11, the first end of inductance L 5; The second end of inductance L 5 connects capacitor C 13; The first end of the emitter stage contact resistance R15 of audion T4, the first end of capacitor C 15, the base stage of audion T5;
The second end of resistance R 13 connects the first end of capacitor C 14, the positive pole of diode D2, the base stage of audion T4; The second termination of capacitor C 14 enters between inductance L 5 and capacitor C 13; The negative pole of diode D2 connects slide rheostat W1;
The second end of the negative pole contact resistance R17 of operational amplifier IC5, the first end of resistance R 21, the first end of the second end of the anodal contact resistance R18 of operational amplifier IC5, the first end of capacitor C 16, resistance R 19, the first end of resistance R 20; The first end of resistance R 18 connects power supply Vc; The second termination of resistance R 21 enters the outfan of operational amplifier IC5; The outfan of operational amplifier IC5 connects AD converter, and AD converter connects processor.
8. an electromagnetic radiation protector, is characterized in that, described protector comprises startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, processor, output control unit; ;
Described processor connects respectively startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, output control unit, and disposable blocking unit also connects startup trigger unit;
Described startup trigger unit is started working in order to control protector, comprises timing, metering output;
Described disposable blocking unit is forced disposable use in order to control protector, or restriction is used under timing, metering; Disposable blocking unit comprises single-chip microcomputer, relay, and single-chip microcomputer judges whether to reach blocking-up condition, if reach to relay transmitted signal control relay power-off;
Described processor, in order to process the working condition of whole control box, comprises that timing, metering, radiant intensity identification, safety limit detection, demagnetization control, duty instruction are controlled, off working state instruction is controlled;
Described output control unit is in order to control the output that maintains or cut off high-frequency signal.
9. an electric knife with electromagnetic radiation protection function, is characterized in that, described electric knife comprises high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument, electromagnetic radiation protector, handle of a knife, power blade;
Described electromagnetic radiation protector comprises the first plug, the first transmission line, control box, the second plug, the second transmission line that connect successively;
Described the first plug connects respectively high frequency electric knife or LEEP cutter instrument, the first transmission line, and the second transmission line connects respectively the second plug, handle of a knife;
Described the first transmission line, the second transmission line include three layers of demagnetization layer, ground floor is for adopting the close web material layer metal foiled paper of low-resistance to be wound around holding wire from inside to outside, the second layer be adopt low-resistance close volume wire netting material by the mode compact winding that is wound around outside ground floor, the 3rd layer is low resistance metal paper mold material, adopts the ultra-thin absorbing material of light weight to be wrapped in outside the second layer; Electromagnetic wave absorption effectively, suppresses electromagnetic radiation, makes it to be converted into heat energy, by three layers of shielding, reduces electromagnetic radiation, then by the demagnetization of demagnetization unit, makes electromagnetic radiation continue to reduce;
Described control box comprises startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, processor, radiant intensity sensing unit, demagnetization unit, output indicating member, output control unit; Described processor connects respectively startup trigger unit, disposable blocking unit, radiant intensity sensing unit, demagnetization unit, output indicating member, output control unit, and disposable blocking unit also connects startup trigger unit;
Described startup trigger unit is started working in order to control protector, comprises timing, metering output;
Described disposable blocking unit is forced disposable use in order to control protector, or restriction is used under timing, metering; Disposable blocking unit comprises single-chip microcomputer, relay, and single-chip microcomputer judges whether to reach blocking-up condition, if reach to relay transmitted signal control relay power-off;
Described radiant intensity sensing unit is in order to intercept radiation signal by induction coil, and this signal is quantized to classification, under the control of electronic potentiometer, produce level signal, compare with the preset value being preset in memorizer, then control access times by microprocessor according to safety limit;
Described demagnetization unit is in order to eliminate electromagnetic radiation; Demagnetization unit adopts three grades of filtering, two kinds of forms of active and passive combination; One-level adopts active low-pass filter, and secondary adopts π type passive filter, and three grades adopt lonely unifrequent notch filter; Three grades of wave filter connect successively;
Described processor, in order to process the working condition of whole control box, comprises that timing, metering, radiant intensity identification, safety limit detection, demagnetization control, duty instruction are controlled, off working state instruction is controlled;
Described output indicating member is in order to show the state of electric knife by display lamp;
Described output control unit, in order to control the output that maintains or cut off high-frequency signal, makes high frequency electric knife or the output of LEEP cutter instrument inactivity, cannot cut and organize.
10. the electric knife with electromagnetic radiation protection function according to claim 9, is characterized in that:
Start trigger unit and comprise button, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, audion T1, shaping chip IC 1, paraphase chip IC 2, the two ends of button are respectively by base stage, the colelctor electrode of resistance R 1, resistance R 2 connecting triode T1, the colelctor electrode of audion T1 connects the input of shaping chip IC 1, the outfan of shaping chip IC 1 connects the input of paraphase chip IC 2, and the outfan of paraphase chip IC 2 connects processor;
Disposable blocking unit comprises resistance R 3, diode D1, audion T2, relay, piezoelectric sensing element; Processor passes through the base stage of resistance R 3 connecting triode T2, the collector connection relay of audion T2, diode D1, and relay connects piezoelectric sensing element;
Demagnetization unit comprises audion T3, operational amplifier IC3, operational amplifier IC4, inductance L 1, inductance L 2, inductance L 3, inductance L 4, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7, resistance R 8, resistance R 9, resistance R 10, resistance R 11, resistance R 12, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4, capacitor C 5, capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7, capacitor C 8, capacitor C 9, capacitor C 10;
One end of inductance L 1 connects the first end of capacitor C 1, other end ground connection; The second first end of end contact resistance R4 and the base stage of audion T3 of electric capacity, the grounded emitter of audion T3, the second end of the colelctor electrode contact resistance R4 of audion T3, the first end of resistance R 5, the first end of resistance R 6; The second end of resistance R 5 connects power supply Vc; The first end of the second end contact resistance R7 of resistance R 6, the first end of capacitor C 2; The negative pole of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC3 of resistance R 7, the outfan of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC3 of capacitor C 2, the first end of resistance R 8; The first end of the anodal contact resistance R9 of operational amplifier IC3, the first end of the outfan contact resistance R8 of operational amplifier IC3, the first end of capacitor C 3, the first end of inductance L 2; The first end of the second end contact resistance R9 of resistance R 8; The second end ground connection of resistance R 9;
The equal ground connection of the second end of capacitor C 3, capacitor C 5, capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7, capacitor C 8; Inductance L 2, capacitor C 4, inductance L 3, capacitor C 6, inductance L 4, capacitor C 9, capacitor C 10, resistance R 12 connect successively; The first end of capacitor C 5 accesses between capacitor C 4, inductance L 3, and the first end of capacitor C 7 accesses between capacitor C 6, inductance L 4, and the first end of capacitor C 8 accesses between inductance L 4, capacitor C 9;
The first end of resistance R 10 accesses between capacitor C 9, capacitor C 10, negative pole and the signal output part out of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC4 of resistance R 10; The first end of resistance R 11 accesses between capacitor C 10, resistance R 12, the second end ground connection of resistance R 11; The positive pole of the second end concatenation operation amplifier IC4 of resistance R 12, the outfan of operational amplifier IC4 connects signal output part out;
Radiant intensity sensing unit comprises AD converter, operational amplifier IC5, audion T4, audion T5, diode D2, slide rheostat W1, inductance L 5, capacitor C 11, capacitor C 12, capacitor C 13, capacitor C 14, capacitor C 15, capacitor C 16, resistance R 13, resistance R 14, resistance R 15, resistance R 16, resistance R 17, resistance R 18, resistance R 19, resistance R 20, resistance R 21;
The first end of power supply Vc contact resistance R16, the first end of resistance R 14, the first end of resistance R 13; The colelctor electrode of the second end connecting triode T5 of resistance R 16, the first end of resistance R 17;
The colelctor electrode of the second end connecting triode T4 of resistance R 14, the first end of capacitor C 12; The second end of capacitor C 12 connects the first end of capacitor C 11, the first end of inductance L 5; The second end of inductance L 5 connects capacitor C 13; The first end of the emitter stage contact resistance R15 of audion T4, the first end of capacitor C 15, the base stage of audion T5;
The second end of resistance R 13 connects the first end of capacitor C 14, the positive pole of diode D2, the base stage of audion T4; The second termination of capacitor C 14 enters between inductance L 5 and capacitor C 13; The negative pole of diode D2 connects slide rheostat W1;
The second end of the negative pole contact resistance R17 of operational amplifier IC5, the first end of resistance R 21, the first end of the second end of the anodal contact resistance R18 of operational amplifier IC5, the first end of capacitor C 16, resistance R 19, the first end of resistance R 20; The first end of resistance R 18 connects power supply Vc; The second termination of resistance R 21 enters the outfan of operational amplifier IC5; The outfan of operational amplifier IC5 connects AD converter, and AD converter connects processor.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510718311.6A CN105193500B (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2014-07-02 | Electric knife with electromagnetic radiation protection function |
| CN201410312733.9A CN104027167B (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2014-07-02 | Electromagnetic radiation protector and there is the electric knife of electromagnetic radiation protection function |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410312733.9A CN104027167B (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2014-07-02 | Electromagnetic radiation protector and there is the electric knife of electromagnetic radiation protection function |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510718311.6A Division CN105193500B (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2014-07-02 | Electric knife with electromagnetic radiation protection function |
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| CN104027167A true CN104027167A (en) | 2014-09-10 |
| CN104027167B CN104027167B (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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| CN201410312733.9A Expired - Fee Related CN104027167B (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2014-07-02 | Electromagnetic radiation protector and there is the electric knife of electromagnetic radiation protection function |
| CN201510718311.6A Expired - Fee Related CN105193500B (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2014-07-02 | Electric knife with electromagnetic radiation protection function |
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| CN201510718311.6A Expired - Fee Related CN105193500B (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2014-07-02 | Electric knife with electromagnetic radiation protection function |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106333745A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-01-18 | 昆明医科大学第附属医院 | Electric knife system based on biomedical signal control and control method of electric knife system |
| CN108635042A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-10-12 | 南昌华安众辉健康科技有限公司 | It is a kind of that time device and electric knife-pen are limited using electromagnetic sensor in limited time |
| CN116211455A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-06-06 | 安徽硕金医疗设备有限公司 | Magnetic resonance compatible microwave ablation instrument |
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| CN202086576U (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2011-12-28 | 陈刚 | High frequency electrotome with protection function |
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| EP1197184A1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2002-04-17 | Kabushikikaisha Nihon M.D.M | Apparatus for biological tissue treatment utilizing high frequency |
| CN1331955A (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-23 | 刘志民 | Temperature controlled microwave radiator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106333745A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-01-18 | 昆明医科大学第附属医院 | Electric knife system based on biomedical signal control and control method of electric knife system |
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| CN108635042A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-10-12 | 南昌华安众辉健康科技有限公司 | It is a kind of that time device and electric knife-pen are limited using electromagnetic sensor in limited time |
| CN116211455A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-06-06 | 安徽硕金医疗设备有限公司 | Magnetic resonance compatible microwave ablation instrument |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105193500B (en) | 2017-06-16 |
| CN104027167B (en) | 2016-03-09 |
| CN105193500A (en) | 2015-12-30 |
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