CN104019592B - Ammonia refrigeration is except oil separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel ammonia refrigeration degreasing separator. Ammonia vapor enters a pipe and goes deep into the tank of the degreasing separator, and the mouth of the pipe is provided with an outlet screen cage, and a taper cap is welded on the outer wall of the pipe penetrating into the tank of the degreasing separator; The upper part of the oil separator tank is connected to the cyclone separator through a pipeline, and the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected to the bottom of the oil separator tank through a pipeline; the top of the cyclone separator is connected to the shell side of the tube heat exchanger through a pipeline. At the top, the lower half of the shell side of the tube heat exchanger is provided with valves to connect the ammonia liquid storage tank and the degreasing separator tank; the lower tube side of the tube heat exchanger is connected to the cooling water inlet pipe, and the upper tube side is connected to the cooling water Water outlet pipe. The present invention captures the lubricating oil carried by the ammonia vapor for multiple times, relatively thoroughly removes the lubricating oil carried in the ammonia vapor, eliminates the influence of the oil film on condensation and liquefaction to the greatest extent, improves the working performance, and saves electricity. Simple structure and strong practicability.

Description

Ammonia Refrigeration Degreasing Separator

technical field

The invention relates to a separator used for oil removal before ammonia liquefaction in an ammonia refrigeration device.

Background technique

Ammonia has excellent thermodynamic properties, and ammonia is generally used as a refrigerant in larger refrigeration systems. In the four-step cycle of compression, condensation, throttling, and evaporation of refrigeration, the condensation of ammonia is one of the four-step cycles. The ammonia condenser uses the heat exchange of circulating water to realize the condensation and liquefaction of ammonia vapor. The general design pressure of the ammonia condenser is close to 2.5MP, is a typical pressure vessel.

In the ammonia liquefaction and condensation cycle, the total heat transfer coefficient is affected by many factors, among which the oil film of lubricating oil is more affected. Since the operation of the compressor requires good lubrication, a certain amount of lubricating oil is added to the system.

Although lubricating oil and ammonia are insoluble, they will be carried by the ammonia cycle, especially after entering the condenser, the lubricating oil carried by ammonia will form an oil film on the tube wall of the heat exchanger. Due to the high viscosity of oil and the high heat transfer resistance, this layer of oil film will greatly reduce the total heat transfer coefficient of the tube-and-tube heat exchanger. Once the heat transfer coefficient drops, it will cause the condensation pressure to increase and the power consumption of the compressor will increase. It will also increase sharply, and the refrigeration coefficient will drop, which will seriously deteriorate the working condition of the refrigeration system.

Therefore, before the ammonia vapor enters the condenser, oil separation must be carried out. Currently, washing-type settling and inertial reentry are usually used to capture oil to prevent it from entering the condenser. However, the degree of separation is limited, and the effect is far from meeting people's expectations.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a new type of ammonia refrigeration degreasing separator. The lubricating oil carried in the steam eliminates the influence of the oil film on the condensation and liquefaction of the ammonia vapor to the greatest extent, improves the condensation and liquefaction efficiency of the ammonia vapor, thus improves the working performance of the ammonia refrigeration device, saves electricity, and has a simple structure. Features of strong practicability.

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A new type of ammonia refrigeration degreasing separator, including a tube-and-tube heat exchanger, a cyclone separator, and a degreasing separator tank, characterized in that: the ammonia vapor to be degreased enters the pipe deep into the degreasing separator tank and the nozzle There is an air outlet screen cage, and a taper cap is welded on the outer wall of the inlet pipe of the ammonia steam to be deoiled deep into the oil separator tank; the upper part of the oil separator tank is connected to the cyclone separator through the oil return pipe, and the cyclone separator The bottom is connected to the bottom of the tank body of the degreasing separator through a pipeline; the top of the cyclone separator is connected to the top of the shell side of the tube heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the lower half of the shell side of the tube heat exchanger is respectively equipped with a storage tank for de-ammonia liquid. The tank valve is connected to the ammonia liquid storage tank and the oil separator tank; the lower pipe side of the tube heat exchanger is connected to the cooling water inlet pipe, and the upper pipe side is connected to the cooling water outlet pipe; the bottom of the oil separator tank is equipped with a drain oil valve.

Adjusting the height and opening of the de-ammonia liquid storage tank valve and the connecting valve can keep the ammonia liquid level in the degreasing separator tank basically constant. When the ammonia liquid level exceeds the height of the de-ammonia liquid storage tank valve, the ammonia liquid It will automatically flow into the ammonia storage tank.

The high-temperature and high-pressure ammonia vapor from the inlet pipe of the ammonia vapor to be deoiled is diffused and discharged under the ammonia liquid surface through the outlet screen cage, and forms direct contact with the ammonia liquid for heat exchange and washing. At this time, the lubricating oil is captured for the first time and the ammonia liquid overflows The ammonia vapor on the surface becomes saturated ammonia vapor close to normal temperature due to heat exchange and washing.

Since the vaporization of the ammonia liquid will cause the ammonia liquid level to drop, the ammonia liquid at the shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be replenished into the tank of the degreasing separator through the connecting valve, and the ammonia liquid level can be kept constant.

The ammonia vapor overflowing the ammonia liquid surface is due to the larger diameter of the tank of the degreasing separator, the air velocity is reduced, and the oil droplets can fully settle by gravity, and the lubricating oil is captured for the second time.

When passing through the multi-layer tapered caps with crossed sizes, due to the expansion and contraction and return of the airflow, the oil droplets will be caught by the wall due to inertia and flow down, and the lubricating oil will be caught for the third time.

Ammonia vapor enters the cyclone separator tangentially through the connecting pipe between the oil separator tank and the cyclone separator. Since the diameter of the connecting pipe is much smaller than the diameter of the oil separator tank, the flow rate of the ammonia vapor is accelerated. The high-speed swirling flow makes the oil droplets separate from the gas phase by centrifugation, attach to the wall of the cyclone separator, flow down, and flow into the bottom of the oil separator tank through the pipeline. Since the oil density is higher than that of liquid ammonia, the oil is deposited at the bottom of the tank to avoid being carried over again. Lift the overflow liquid surface to realize the fourth capture of lubricating oil.

The oil drain valve at the bottom of the oil separator tank can drain all the captured lubricating oil.

The ammonia vapor connection pipe at the top of the cyclone separator guides the saturated ammonia vapor with complete degreasing into the tube condenser, so that the ammonia vapor can be liquefied and condensed efficiently.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

There are no moving parts, the structure is particularly simple and reasonable, and the multi-step oil separation combination ensures reliable and complete oil separation, completely preventing oil from entering the condenser to form an oil film, which affects heat exchange and condensation; the overall heat transfer coefficient can be improved, and ammonia condensation can be reduced pressure, so that the exhaust pressure of the compressor is greatly reduced, and the power consumption is reduced; the multi-step oil removal is carried out during the movement of the ammonia vapor, but the resistance is small, and the excessive power consumption will not be increased; the equipment is simple and reliable, and the operation is convenient, basically no need Maintenance, strong practicability, broad application prospects.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the novel ammonia refrigeration degreasing separator.

Each label in the figure means:

1. Ammonia vapor to be deoiled enters the pipe; 2. Degreasing separator tank body; 3. Ammonia vapor to be deoiled penetrates into the oil separator tank and enters the pipe; 4. Taper cap; 5. Ammonia liquid surface; 6. Gas outlet Screen cage; 7. Oil return pipe; 8. Ammonia vapor connecting pipe; 9. Tube heat exchanger; 10. Cooling water outlet pipe; 11. Deammonia storage tank valve; 12. Cooling water inlet pipe; 13 Unicom valve ; 14, connecting pipe; 15, cyclone separator; 16, oil discharge valve.

detailed description

Now in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.

As shown in Figure 1, the new ammonia refrigeration degreasing separator includes a tube and tube heat exchanger 9, a cyclone separator 15 and a degreasing separator tank 2, and the ammonia vapor to be degreased enters the pipe 1 and goes deep into the degreasing separator tank 2 and the mouth of the pipe is provided with an air outlet screen cage 6, and a taper cap 4 is welded on the outer wall of the ammonia steam inlet pipe 3 to be deoiled deep into the tank body of the degreasing separator; The flow separator 15, the bottom of the cyclone separator 15 is connected to the bottom of the oil separator tank through the oil return pipe 7; the top of the cyclone separator is connected to the top of the shell side of the tube heat exchanger 9 through the ammonia steam connecting pipe 8 , the lower half of the shell side of the tube heat exchanger is provided with the ammonia liquid storage tank valve 11 connected to the ammonia liquid storage tank and the Unicom valve 13 connected to the degreasing separator tank; the lower tube side of the tube heat exchanger 9 is connected The cooling water inlet pipe 12 is connected to the cooling water outlet pipe 10 on the upper side of the pipe; the bottom of the oil separator tank 2 is provided with an oil discharge valve 16 .

Adjust the height and the opening degree of the ammonia liquid storage tank valve 11 and the connecting valve 13 to keep the ammonia liquid level 5 in the degreasing separator tank 2 substantially constant. When the ammonia liquid level 5 exceeds the ammonia liquid storage tank valve When the altitude is 11, the ammonia liquid will automatically flow into the ammonia liquid storage tank.

The high-temperature and high-pressure ammonia vapor from the inlet pipe 1 of the ammonia vapor to be degreased is diffused and discharged under the ammonia liquid surface 5 through the outlet screen cage 6, and forms a heat exchange washing in direct contact with the ammonia liquid. At this time, the lubricating oil is captured for the first time, The ammonia vapor overflowing the ammonia liquid surface 5 becomes saturated ammonia vapor close to normal temperature because of heat exchange and washing.

Since the vaporization of the ammonia liquid will cause the ammonia liquid level to drop, the ammonia liquid at the shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be replenished into the degreasing separator tank 2 through the connecting valve 13, and the constant ammonia liquid level 5 can be maintained.

The ammonia vapor overflowing the ammonia liquid level 5 is because the diameter of the tank body of the degreasing separator is larger, and the air velocity is reduced, so that the oil droplets can fully carry out gravity settlement, and now the lubricating oil is captured for the second time.

When passing through the multi-layer tapered cap 4 with crossed sizes, due to the expansion and contraction and return of the airflow, the oil droplets will be caught and flow down by the wall due to inertia, and the lubricating oil will be caught for the third time.

Ammonia vapor passes through the connecting pipe 14 between the oil separator tank body 2 and the cyclone separator 15, and enters the cyclone separator 15 tangentially. Since the diameter of the connecting pipe is far smaller than the diameter of the oil separator tank body, the ammonia vapor The flow velocity is accelerated, and the high-speed swirl makes the oil droplets be separated from the gas phase by centrifugal action, and adheres to the wall of the cyclone separator 15 to flow down, and flows into the bottom of the deoiler separator tank 2 through the oil return pipe 7. Since the oil density is greater than that of liquid ammonia, the oil deposits At the bottom of the tank, avoid being brought up again to overflow the liquid surface, and realize the fourth capture of lubricating oil.

The oil discharge valve 16 at the bottom of the oil separator tank body 2 can discharge all the lubricating oil caught.

The ammonia vapor connection pipe 8 at the top of the cyclone separator 15 guides the saturated ammonia vapor with complete degreasing into the tube-and-tube heat exchanger 9 to realize efficient liquefaction and condensation of the ammonia vapor.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any form. Any person familiar with the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can use the technical content disclosed above to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent implementation of equivalent changes example. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A degreasing separator for ammonia refrigeration, comprising a tube-and-tube heat exchanger, a cyclone separator and a degreasing separator tank body, characterized in that: the ammonia vapor to be degreased enters the pipe and goes deep into the degreasing separator tank body and the tube The outlet is equipped with an air outlet screen cage, and a taper cap is welded on the outer wall of the inlet pipe of ammonia steam to be deoiled deep into the oil separator tank; the upper part of the oil separator tank is connected to the cyclone separator through a pipeline, and the bottom of the cyclone separator The oil return pipe is connected to the bottom of the oil separator tank; the top of the cyclone separator is connected to the top of the shell side of the tube-and-tube heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the lower half of the shell-side of the tube-and-tube heat exchanger is respectively equipped with ammonia-removing liquid The storage tank valve is connected to the ammonia liquid storage tank and the degreasing separator tank; the lower pipe side of the tube heat exchanger is connected to the cooling water inlet pipe, and the upper pipe side is connected to the cooling water outlet pipe; the bottom of the degreasing separator tank is provided with Drain valve.