CN1040190A - 甲醇合成反应器的改进系统及由此所得到的反应器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种合成甲醇反应器的改进系统。催化剂物料被分成若干相连的床体,各床体有一底板和锥形隔板,隔板与下一催化剂床体自由表面间留出空间,使淬冷气体进入其外圆周,在此间与轴向穿过上面床体的部分反应气体实现最佳混合。上面床体的下部中心引入一根管子从内部限定下面床体的催化剂;通过引入两个钻有孔眼并与所说管子同心的圆柱形壁分别与壳体内壁和管子外壁形成空隙,使下面床体或具有最大压差的床体变成基本上具有径向流动的床体。
Description
本发明涉及甲醇异质合成(由气态的一氧化碳和氢)反应器的改进系统,在该系统的耐压筒体中含有粒状催化剂,热反应气体将和新鲜的淬冷气体相混合。
众所周知,有各种不同的合成甲醇的工艺过程和反应器,最好的一种被称为ICI工艺过程,其基本特征是合成压力较低(例如40到50巴)并用铜基催化剂。
这种反应有若干级,而来自最后一级之前的那些段的反应气体,其温度是通过把它和淬冷气体相混合来控制的。
为了尽快地、恰当地把这些想法说清楚,图1给出了常见合成甲醇反应器的纵剖面图,这种反应器由一耐压壳体M构成,CA为壳体M的内表面,在若干层(例如4层或4个床体L1、L2、L3和L4)中含有催化剂CT,淬冷气体Q1、Q2和Q3的三个装置实际上位于床体L1、L2和L3的底部。
来自GI的反应气体在床体(例如L1)上分别与淬冷气体Q1发生部分反应(在床体L2上则与淬冷气体Q2发生部分反应等等)并在位于催化剂料堆之中的特制钻石形室中进行有效的混合。
因为这些钻石形室与充填有催化剂的相邻区域相比具有让气体通过的最小阻力,所以气体会优先从所说的这些室CAL1、CAL2和CAL3流过,并很容易在那儿与淬冷气体混和被淬冷气体所冷却。
因此图1所示的这种常见的反应器结构相当简单(例如它不需要中间底板),也很紧凑。
尽管如此,这种结构也具有大量缺点,其中包括:
-很难获得均匀的淬冷温度,其原因在于流入菱形室的气流在与格栅发生瞬时接触时会受到催化剂状态的影响,因而在室与室之间各不相同;
-位于较下面的装着全部催化剂的层内存在相当程度的机械应力;
-因气体只作轴向流动而导致较大的压差。
本发明的目的在于提供一种没有以上缺点的甲醇反应器。在常见的反应器的基础上作某些关键性的,但却是简单的改动,便可得到这种反应器。人们会惊奇地发现,就相同的壳体而言,只要进行如下操作便有可能显著地提高产量并减少能耗:将催化剂料分到若干相连的床体内,每个床体都有一个底板和一个锥形的隔板,在锥形隔板与下一个床体的自由表面之间有一空间,这样做的结果是形成一个空间,淬冷气体可进入这个空间的外缘,从而使淬冷气体在所说的空间内与已沿轴向流经上面催化剂床体的部分反应气体实现最佳混合,为了从内部限定上部床体以下各床体上的催化剂料,可在上面床体下部的中心部位引出一根管子;压差最大的一个或多个下面的床体通过引入两个圆柱形的壁变成一个基本上具有径向流动的床体(S),这两个圆柱形的壁与所说的管子同心,壁上钻有孔眼,它们分别与壳体的内壁和管子的外壁形成两个空隙。这样获得的反应器具有如权利要求5中所述的结构。
通过对下面这个最佳实施例的描述(并不仅限于此),可更好地说明本发明的各个不同方面及各个优点。
按本发明可得到具有改进系统的反应器(见图2所示)。如图中所示,这个系统包括如下几个方面:
1)催化剂层最好被插入的锥形底板FO1、FO2、FO3…FOi…FOn-2所公开,这些锥形底板位于床体基面处;要紧的是,为了形成环形空间SP1、SP2…SPi,每一个底板与自由表面SS2、SS3、SS4…SSi间都留出空间,这样做的结果使从床体C1…Ci轴向流动的部分反应气体GRA1、…GRAi与主要从该待改进的反应器进口IN1…INi处引入的淬冷气体Q1…Qi…,Qn-1获得最佳混合。
2)菱形淬冷室CAL1、CAL2…CALi被处于上面床体钻有孔眼的锥形底板FOi与下面床体的自由表面SSi之间的空间SP1…SPi所替代,但引入的淬冷气体却能在靠近壳体M内壁CA的地方跑出来;换句话说,输入淬冷气体Q1-Q3的导管1、2、3等等,在离反应器中心轴最远的边缘上装有它们的排出口,本发明的申请人在他们以前的一个专利申请中对此例有过描述。
3)管子TU穿过从C2到Cn的所有催化剂筐(basket)(这儿讲的“所有”,不包括顶部催化剂筐C1),它位于上面床体底板FO1下面的中间部位;所说的管子TU(对从C2到Cn-1的催化剂筐而言,它从筐子的总长上,而对Cn(C4)而言,是从H到A上)从内部限定催化剂的范围。
4)至少把最后这个床体,即经受最大压差的下面床体,从一种完全轴向流动的床体转变成一种基本上径向(说得更详细一点是一种轴向-径向流动)的床体。而要做到这点,应该在床体C4(或一般形式Cn)中引入圆柱形外壁Pe、圆柱形内壁Pi和锥形底板FO4,其中圆柱形外壁Pe上钻有孔眼,直径为De,Pe和反应器内壁CA构成空隙Ie;圆柱形内壁Pi的直径为Di,高度为Hi(小于He),Pi与管子TU的外壁构成空隙Ii;锥形底板FO4从筒体CA延伸到空隙Ii的内部。
正如本申请人在它们以前的专利(例如美国专利4,372,920和4,755,362)中所指出的那样,在高度差H.A=He-Hi内,流动为轴向,而沿高度HR的流动为径向。
全部的反应气体将从出口GO流出。
一个优先实施例是:锥形底板FOi由穿过反应器检测孔的若干构件构成,这些构件是带有焊网(与催化剂相接触)的钻孔板的扇形块,而这些扇形块又由其一端支在中心管TU上而另一端支于环SI1(它属于反应器壳体不可分的部分)的梁所支撑。
在图2中,当最后这个床体成为轴向-径向床体时,它上面3个床体保持轴向流动。
气体在上面3个床体中的轴向流动,是借助于隔板BAF从床体内部流向床体外部的,而淬冷过程则通过淬冷环R1发生在靠近壳体内壁CA的地方。两种气流的充分混合,最好通过向内流动的淬冷气体和向外流动的来自催化剂床体的部分反应气体之间的碰撞来实现。
按本发明的特征,隔板上有一定数量的翅片沿径向偏转45°并焊在上面所说的传送隔板上,它们使部分反应气体产生旋转运动,这种运动促使两种气体很好地混合,并促使进入下一个床体的气体温度达到均匀。
只有最后一个床体的气流基本上是径向的,说得更详细一些是轴向-径向的,这是由于它有两个能产生空隙的收集器(Collectors)的缘故,其中一个位于床体之外(入口收集器),另一个位于床体之内。
应该注意的是,这些反应器中的最大压差出现在第4个床体内,这一是因为它接受了最大的气流,二是因为它的催化剂高度较大。因此,只要使第4个床体径向流动,就是不增加反应器的任何复杂程度,与轴向流动相比,也有可能使压差出现明显的减少。
而且,还可以通过把其它床体从轴向流动变成轴向-径向流动的方式(尽管这样做会影响反应器的复杂程度并增加投资费用),来进一步提高反应器的性能。
按本发明来改进反应器可得到如下好处:
-温控简便而淬冷效率极高;
-催化剂床体相对独立且催化剂内含特定压力;
-减少压差。
本发明已经对照附图中的实施例作了说明,该实施例具有4个催化剂床体和3个淬冷气体进入装置,在4个催化剂床体中,上面的3个床体为轴向流动而第4床体已变为基本上是径向流动。显然,按本发明所作的改进适合于任何常见的轴向反应器,它的床体数量可以超过4个(至少有一个床体是径向或轴向-径向流动),它的淬冷气体进入装置可以大于或小于3个。
Claims (6)
1、甲醇异质合成反应器的改进系统。它包括一个外壳。按层设置的粒状催化剂和将淬冷气体通过催化剂层的装置。其特征在于。催化剂物料被分放在若干相连的床体。每一个床体都有一个底板和一个锥形隔板。隔板与下一个床体的自由表面之间留出空间。使淬冷气体进入该空间的外圆周。并在所说的空间内与从上面催化剂床体轴向流下的部分反应气体实现最佳混合,从上面催化剂床体底部的中心引入一根管子。它从内部限定上部床体以下的各床体上的催化剂物料;通过引入两个钻有孔眼并与所说管子同心的两个圆柱形壁。并分别让它们与壳体的内壁和管子的外壁形成两个空隙。具有最大压差的一个或多个下面的床体便变成一个基本上具有径向流动的床体(S)。
2、如权利要求1的系统,其特征在于,进入混合空间外圆周的淬冷气体,按向心方向流动,并与沿轴向从每个催化剂床体底部流出的部分反应气体混合,部分反应气体可按离心方向(例如从装在底部的隔板)流出。
3、如权利要求2的系统,其特征在于,可以通过例如装在隔板上并沿径向偏转45°的翅片,来使部分反应气体产生旋转运动。
4、大体上如以上描述和说明的系统。
5、根据前面权利要求所述的改进系统所得到的甲醇合成反应器其特征在于,多个具有轴向气流的床体被一个混合空间彼此分开,淬冷气体被送到混合空间的外缘;至少有一个下面床体具有径向气流或轴向-径向气流;中心管穿过上面床体之下的各具有轴向气流的床体,床体(S)具有基本上径向的气流;钻有孔眼的锥形底板位于每个轴向气流床体之下,而具有旋转翅片的隔板位于每块钻有孔眼的底板之下;钻有孔眼的两个圆柱形壁分别与壳体的内壁和所说管子的外壁构成两个空隙,在最后一个具有基本上径向气流的床体之下有一个锥形底板。
6、大体上如以上说明书和权利要求的反应器。
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CA1177385A (en) * | 1980-06-19 | 1984-11-06 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Gas-pocket distributor for an upflow reactor |
IN165082B (zh) * | 1985-05-15 | 1989-08-12 | Ammonia Casale Sa | |
CH672078A5 (zh) * | 1986-06-02 | 1989-10-31 | Ammonia Casale Sa | |
EP0293546A3 (en) * | 1987-02-11 | 1989-06-07 | Ammonia Casale S.A. | System to deal with the efficiency of reactors for exothermic ammonia synthesis |
-
1989
- 1989-07-28 EP EP89114006A patent/EP0359952A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-08-02 JP JP1199512A patent/JPH0299134A/ja active Pending
- 1989-08-04 BR BR898903924A patent/BR8903924A/pt unknown
- 1989-08-04 RU SU894614926A patent/RU1773236C/ru active
- 1989-08-04 MX MX017082A patent/MX172278B/es unknown
- 1989-08-04 CN CN89106273A patent/CN1026692C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102744016A (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-24 | 四川亚联高科技股份有限公司 | 一种新型的甲醇合成塔 |
CN102744016B (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-09-10 | 四川亚联高科技股份有限公司 | 一种新型的甲醇合成塔 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR8903924A (pt) | 1990-03-27 |
EP0359952A2 (en) | 1990-03-28 |
RU1773236C (ru) | 1992-10-30 |
CN1026692C (zh) | 1994-11-23 |
MX172278B (es) | 1993-12-10 |
EP0359952A3 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
JPH0299134A (ja) | 1990-04-11 |
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