CN104012279B - 制种青花菜腐烂植株的处理方法 - Google Patents

制种青花菜腐烂植株的处理方法 Download PDF

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CN104012279B
CN104012279B CN201410259124.1A CN201410259124A CN104012279B CN 104012279 B CN104012279 B CN 104012279B CN 201410259124 A CN201410259124 A CN 201410259124A CN 104012279 B CN104012279 B CN 104012279B
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broccoli
plant
hybrid seeds
production
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CN104012279A (zh
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潘永飞
潘跃平
戴忠良
秦文斌
姚悦梅
张振超
肖燕
刘小凤
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Pizhou Xinsheng Venture Capital Co Ltd
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Zhenjiang Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制种青花菜腐烂植株的处理方法，包括以下步骤：1)按照各地气候南方地区8月上旬、北方地区4月上旬采用穴盘播种或撒播。2)播种后28～32天苗长至4叶一心时定植大田。3)次年3月中旬在修割花球前给大棚盖上薄膜避雨。4)4月中旬气温上升后每4～6天检查一遍，如发现有腐烂植株，及时将发黑、腐烂部位全部切除，并把腐烂部位切掉并使切口平整，在切口处涂上石硫合剂。本发明操作简单、方便易行，能有效减少制种青花菜腐烂植株数量，使制种青花菜种子产量提高了40％以上，极具有推广价值。

Description

制种青花菜腐烂植株的处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蔬菜的高产栽培方法，特别涉及一种青花菜的高产栽培方法，属于植物栽培技术领域。
背景技术
青花菜又名西兰花、绿花菜等。十字花科，芸薹属，一、二年生草本植物，由多个小花球组成一个大花球。甘蓝种中以绿花球为产品的一个变种。以主茎及侧枝顶端形成的绿色花球为产品.营养丰富，色、香、味具佳，是国际市场十分畅销的一种名特蔬菜。青花菜
现有的青花菜应用种子都为一代杂交种，青花菜制种，都是在开春后3月初将青花菜主球割掉大半，剩下一小半花蕾留着抽薹开花结实。虽然青花菜和甘蓝同为十字花科，芸薹属，甘蓝类蔬菜，但是一般青花菜制种产量只有甘蓝的一半不到，造成青花菜低产的主要原因就是4月份以后，气温升高，青花菜植株开始大量腐烂。青花菜植株大多都是在花球下部主茎内部开始腐烂，早期不易发现，等主茎外部出现症状时，主茎内部已经大量腐烂，充满积水，此时如不对植株进行有效处理，10天左右将导致整株腐烂枯萎，植株上所结未成熟种子全部报废，造成制种减产。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种易于操作、能有效处理制种青花菜腐烂植株的方法，以提高制种植株成活率。
本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种制种青花菜腐烂植株的处理方法，包括以下步骤：
1)按照各地气候南方地区8月上旬、北方地区4月上旬采用穴盘播种或撒播；
2)播种后28～32天苗长至4叶一心时定植大田；
3)次年3月中旬在修割花球前给大棚盖上薄膜避雨；
4)4月中旬气温上升后每4～6天检查一遍，如发现有腐烂植株，及时将发黑、腐烂部位全部切除，并把腐烂部位切掉并使切口平整，在切口处涂上石硫合剂。
本发明的目的还可以通过以下技术措施进一步实现：
前述的制种青花菜腐烂植株的处理方法，其中步骤4)所述的石硫合剂为45％晶体石硫合剂的10倍稀释液；步骤4)中每5天检查一遍。
本发明操作简单、方便易行，能有效减少制种青花菜腐烂植株数量，使制种青花菜种子产量提高了40％以上，极具有推广价值。
具体实施方式
以“圣绿”青花菜品种，瑞士“品氏”蔬菜专用基质为实施例，对本发明作进一步说明。
本实施例的步骤如下：
1)在江苏省句容市8月25日采用穴盘播种育苗，等出苗后正长管理。
2)9月25日至10月5日，等苗4叶一心时定植在无薄膜的简易钢架大棚内，按株行距45×40cm，分成小区1和小区2共2个小区定植，每个小区定植父母本各100株，其中小区1为对照例。
3)次年3月初给大棚盖上薄膜避雨。
4)3月20日青花菜主球长至直径12cm左右，将2个小区主球中间用小刀割掉，留边上小花球2～3个以助于植株抽薹开花.
5.1)小区1在此之后每星期用25％多菌灵1000倍稀释液喷雾消毒一次，不做其他处理。
5.2)在此之后每星期用25％多菌灵1000倍稀释液喷雾消毒一次，并每隔5天左右检查一遍，若发现有植株开始腐烂，及时把发黑、腐烂部位全部切除，并尽量使切口平整，在切口处涂上45％晶体石硫合剂10倍稀释液。若是主茎内部腐烂，用小刀将主茎从上至下划出宽度1cm左右长条形口子，将里面积水放掉，并将里面腐烂发黑部分全部切除，并使切口内高外低，保证里面积水全部放出，最后涂上石硫合剂。
小区1和小区2对比见下表：
6月初种子成熟后2个小区分别采收。小区1共收种子1.674kg，小区2共收种子2.424kg。
从本实施例可以看出该方法简单易行、操作简单，使青花菜制种的种子产量提高了44.6％。由此可以确定，本发明在生产中极具有推广价值。
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式，凡采用等同替换或等效变形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种制种青花菜腐烂植株的处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)按照各地气候南方地区8月上旬、北方地区4月上旬采用穴盘播种或撒播；
2)播种后28～32天苗长至4叶一心时定植大田；
3)次年3月中旬在修割花球前给大棚盖上薄膜避雨；
4)4月中旬气温上升后每4～6天检查一遍，如发现有腐烂植株，及时将发黑、腐烂部位全部切除，并使切口平整，在切口处涂上石硫合剂。
CN201410259124.1A 2014-06-11 2014-06-11 制种青花菜腐烂植株的处理方法 Active CN104012279B (zh)

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CN103168606A (zh) * 2013-04-16 2013-06-26 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 一种大棚青花菜高产高效的栽培方法
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CN103210848A (zh) * 2013-05-14 2013-07-24 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 青花菜侧枝培育植株以及杂交制种方法

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