CN104010908A - 用于净除增程式电动车辆的罐的碳氢化合物传感器 - Google Patents

用于净除增程式电动车辆的罐的碳氢化合物传感器 Download PDF

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CN104010908A
CN104010908A CN201280062917.3A CN201280062917A CN104010908A CN 104010908 A CN104010908 A CN 104010908A CN 201280062917 A CN201280062917 A CN 201280062917A CN 104010908 A CN104010908 A CN 104010908A
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vapor
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B.G.伍德斯
D.W.巴尔斯东
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TEMIC AUTOMOTIVE NA Inc
Continental Automotive Systems Inc
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    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K15/00Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03Fuel tanks
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    • B60K2015/03561Venting means working at specific times
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于增程式电动车辆的蒸发燃料蒸汽控制系统(10)和方法。车辆包括:燃料供应(18),其用于储存产生燃料蒸汽的燃料;内燃发动机(16);蒸汽罐(20),其与燃料供应(18)流体连通,以保留燃料蒸汽,并且与发动机(16)流体连通;碳氢化合物传感器(24),其确定何时在蒸汽罐(20)中出现碳氢化合物饱和;和蒸汽控制阀(22),其关联蒸汽罐。控制器(26)与碳氢化合物传感器(24)并与控制阀(22)电连接。当控制器(26)从碳氢化合物传感器(24)接收到指示应启动发动机(16),以净除罐的信号时,其在发动机(16)运行的同时,使控制阀(22)控制燃料蒸汽的流量。

Description

用于净除增程式电动车辆的罐的碳氢化合物传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及净除(purge)车辆的蒸汽罐,并且更特殊地,涉及一种用于指示应在何时净除增程式电动车辆的蒸汽罐的碳氢化合物传感器。
背景技术
传统的汽车汽油发动机不仅通过燃料的燃烧,或者通过曲轴箱中的润滑油或燃料的排放,而排出污染物排放,发动机还通过被储存在汽车中的燃料的蒸发,而产生碳氢化合物排放。为了降低或消除这种形式的排放,现代的汽车将燃料蒸汽储存在罐中,并且控制其从罐到用于燃烧的燃烧室中的释放。这种车载蒸发排放控制系统(EVAP)通常包括:活性碳式蒸汽罐,其收集从燃料箱排出的蒸汽;和蒸汽控制阀,其调节被允许从罐释放至发动机的蒸汽的量。当发动机运行时,连续净除蒸汽罐。为了管理空气/燃料比,目前车辆使用氧传感器,以监控废气净除流中的氧含量的变化。假定氧气与EVAP碳氢化合物反应,那么当流量已知时,发动机控制器将计算来自流量刚刚流过的所述EVAP管线的碳氢化合物的量。
采用增程式电动车辆(EREV),例如插电式混合动力车辆,诸如Chevy Volt,如果电动马达的电池电量永远不低至足以启动发动机的运行,则汽油发动机可能永远不会开始运行。因此,车辆必须定期启动发动机,以净除罐,这仅基于对罐何时充满的估计。这些车辆中的一些使用高压箱(高达5psi),以降低产生的蒸汽量,但是这仍不指示罐何时充满,因为罐只是填充得更慢。在增程式电动EREV上,避免使用汽油发动机将提高总里程数,因此,如果不需要,期望不启动发动机。
因而,存在这样一种需求,即在EREV中提供一种将告诉发动机控制单元(ECU)何时需要净除罐的碳氢化合物传感器,以便仅在需要时启动发动机。
发明内容
本发明的目标在于满足上述需求。根据本发明的原理,通过提供一种用于增程式电动车辆(EREV)的蒸发燃料蒸汽控制系统实现该目标。该系统包括:燃料供应,其用于储存在燃料供应中产生燃料蒸汽的燃料;内燃发动机,其被构造和布置成被供以来自燃料供应的燃料;蒸汽罐,其具有被设置成与燃料供应流体连通的蒸汽通道,以保留来自燃料供应的燃料蒸汽,并且具有与发动机流体连通的净除通道;碳氢化合物传感器,其被构造和布置成确定何时在罐中出现碳氢化合物饱和;蒸汽控制阀,其被设置在发动机与蒸汽罐之间的净除通道中;和控制器,其与碳氢化合物传感器并与控制阀电连接,以便当控制器从碳氢化合物传感器接收到指示应启动发动机,以净除罐的信号时,控制器被构造和布置成在发动机运行的同时,使控制阀控制来自净除通道的燃料蒸汽的流量。
根据实施例的另一方面,提供一种用于从增程式电动车辆(EREV)的蒸汽罐净除碳氢化合物的方法。该方法提供(EREV),其具有电动马达和内燃发动机。电动马达被构造和布置成向车辆提供动力,并且发动机被构造和布置成当电动马达的电池电量不足以向车辆提供动力时,向车辆提供动力。提供燃料供应,以储存在燃料供应中产生燃料蒸汽的燃料,并且燃料供应将燃料供应至发动机。蒸汽罐具有被设置成与燃料供应流体连通的蒸汽通道,以保留来自燃料供应的燃料蒸汽,并且具有与发动机流体连通的净除通道。碳氢化合物传感器确定何时在蒸汽罐中出现碳氢化合物饱和。在电动马达向车辆提供动力的同时,当确定在罐中将出现碳氢化合物饱和时,启动发动机。在发动机运行的同时,通过净除通道从蒸汽罐净除碳氢化合物。
通过参考附图,考虑全部形成该说明书的一部分的以下详细说明和所附权利要求,本发明的其它目标、特点和特征,以及操作方法和相关结构元件的功能、零件的组合和制造经济性将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
结合附图,通过以下本发明的优选实施例的详细说明,将更好地理解本发明,其中相同的附图标记指的是相同的零件,其中:
图1是根据实施例的用于EREV的蒸发燃料蒸汽控制系统的示意图。
图2是与通道联接的图1的控制系统的碳氢化合物传感器的视图。
图3示出碳氢化合物传感器的发射信号与接收信号之间的信号运行时间。
具体实施方式
参考图1,示出了大致以10指示的用于EREV12的蒸发燃料蒸汽控制系统。车辆12包括电动马达14和内燃(IC)机16。车辆被配置成通过由电动马达14提供的动力运行。然而,当供应电动马达14的电池电量变低时,IC机16将运行,以向车辆提供动力,并且给电池充电。
系统10包括燃料供应18、蒸汽罐20、蒸汽控制或净除阀22、碳氢化合物传感器24和控制器,诸如发动机控制单元(ECU)26。燃料供应18能够为适合的燃料箱,其储存燃料,以及在燃料箱中形成和产生的蒸汽。IC机16能够被供以从燃料供应18通过适合的燃料供应导管28到进气歧管30的燃料,以喷射到发动机16中。燃料喷射器(未示出)的出口被安装在进气歧管30中,以将燃料分配到进气歧管30中。作为替换方式,在压力直喷应用中,高压直喷燃料喷射器能够被直接安装至发动机16的气缸盖。
蒸汽罐20包括被设置成与燃料供应18流体连通的蒸汽通道32,以保留来自燃料供应18的燃料蒸汽。蒸汽罐20包括被设置成与进气歧管30流体连通的净除通道34,以通过净除阀22将燃料蒸汽释放到发动机16。应意识到的是,代替与进气歧管30连通的净除通道34,净除通道34能够与发动机16的排气歧管(未示出)连通。空气过滤器36过滤从入口38进入的新鲜空气,并且当通气阀40打开时,经过滤的空气代替被净除到发动机16中的燃料蒸汽的体积。图1中的箭头示出罐20净除期间的空气/蒸汽流。净除阀22被设置在发动机16与蒸汽罐20之间的净除通道34中。优选地,蒸汽罐20是活性炭式罐。
优选地被设置在入口38和蒸汽罐20之间的通道42中的碳氢化合物传感器24检测罐20中的碳氢化合物的水平。尤其地,传感器24检测碳氢化合物何时正好开始吹过罐20,该情况出现在当罐20里的碳氢化合物饱和时。作为替换方式,传感器20能够被设置在罐20的管中,或者设置在净除通道34中。参考图2,传感器24优选地使用超声感测技术,并且具有集成在管状通道42中的换能器44。换能器44产生被通道42的壁体反射的超声波信号46。被反射的信号38的幅度在约1mV的范围内。换能器44用作发射器和接收器。
声音的速度取决于温度和空气/汽油比。换能器44的信号后处理测量反射声波信号48的运行时间(图3)。由于声音的速度随着主要成分是丁烷、戊烷和己烷的碳氢化合物的浓度升高而降低,所以与无碳氢化合物的罐相比,声波信号48将在碳氢化合物饱和的罐中移动得更慢。补偿波48的运行时间的温度效应,并且在记录之后,基于下列方程,作为在传感器24的输出处的线性浓度信号计算和应用碳氢化合物的浓度:
c气体混合物=2d/tabs
其中:c为碳氢化合物的浓度,d是通道42的直径,t是信号运行时间。
传感器24和净除阀22能够与控制器26电连接。在增程式电EREV上,避免使用汽油发动机将提高总里程数,因此,如果不需要,就不期望启动发动机。鉴于此,碳氢化合物传感器24将向控制器26发指示应启动发动机16的信号,以净除罐20。一旦发动机16启动,控制器26就打开净除阀22,以便能够净除罐20。因而,当电动马达14运行时,当实际上需要净除罐20时才启动发动机16,而非按传统周期性地启动发动机16。
已为了例示本发明的结构和功能原理,以及为了例示采用优选实施例的方法,示出和描述了上述优选实施例,并且不偏离这些原理,上述优选实施例可经受改变。因此,本发明包括所附权利要求的范围内所包含的所有变型。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于增程式电动车辆(EREV)的蒸发燃料蒸汽控制系统,所述系统包括:
燃料供应,其用于储存在所述燃料供应中产生燃料蒸汽的燃料;
内燃发动机,其被构造和布置成被供以来自所述燃料供应的燃料;
蒸汽罐,其具有被设置成与所述燃料供应流体连通的蒸汽通道以保留来自所述燃料供应的燃料蒸汽,并且具有与所述发动机流体连通的净除通道;
碳氢化合物传感器,其被构造和布置成确定何时在所述罐中出现碳氢化合物饱和;
蒸汽控制阀,其被设置在所述发动机与所述蒸汽罐之间的所述净除通道中;和
控制器,其与所述碳氢化合物传感器并与所述控制阀电连接,以便当所述控制器从所述碳氢化合物传感器接收到指示应启动所述发动机以净除所述罐的信号时,所述控制器被构造和布置成在所述发动机运行的同时,使所述控制阀控制来自所述净除通道的燃料蒸汽的流量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述碳氢化合物传感器关联与所述蒸汽罐连接的通道。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述碳氢化合物传感器是超声波传感器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中,所述碳氢化合物传感器包括换能器,所述换能器被构造和布置成在所述通道中提供超声波信号,并且监控由所述超声波信号产生并且被所述通道反射的声波信号的运行时间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其中,所述波信号被构造和布置成幅度约为1mV。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述控制器是所述车辆的发动机控制单元。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其结合所述EREV,其中,所述EREV具有用于向所述车辆提供动力的电动马达,所述电动马达被构造和布置成:为了净除所述罐,在所述发动机运行的同时,保持运行。
8.一种用于从增程式电动车辆(EREV)的蒸汽罐净除碳氢化合物的方法,所述方法包括:
提供具有电动马达和内燃发动机的(EREV),所述电动马达被构造和布置成向所述车辆提供动力,并且所述发动机被构造和布置成当所述电动马达的电池电量不足以向所述车辆提供动力时,向所述车辆提供动力,
提供燃料供应,其用于储存在所述燃料供应中产生燃料蒸汽的燃料,所述燃料供应将燃料供应至所述发动机,
提供蒸汽罐,所述蒸汽罐具有被设置成与所述燃料供应流体连通的蒸汽通道,以保留来自所述燃料供应的燃料蒸汽,并且具有与所述发动机流体连通的净除通道,
利用碳氢化合物传感器确定何时在所述罐中出现碳氢化合物饱和,
在所述电动马达向所述车辆提供动力的同时,当确定在所述蒸汽罐中出现碳氢化合物饱和时,启动所述发动机,和
在所述发动机运行的同时,通过所述净除通道从所述蒸汽罐净除碳氢化合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述确定步骤包括:
在与所述蒸汽罐关联的通道中提供超声波信号,和
监控由所述超声波信号产生并且被所述通道反射的声波信号的运行时间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中由c气体混合物=2d/tabs确定所述蒸汽罐中的碳氢化合物的浓度,
其中:c为所述罐中碳氢化合物的浓度,d是所述通道的直径,并且t是所述波信号的运行时间。
CN201280062917.3A 2011-12-19 2012-12-17 用于净除增程式电动车辆的罐的碳氢化合物传感器 Pending CN104010908A (zh)

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