CN104005759A - Resistivity simulation unit with stable physical properties - Google Patents
Resistivity simulation unit with stable physical properties Download PDFInfo
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- CN104005759A CN104005759A CN201310062104.0A CN201310062104A CN104005759A CN 104005759 A CN104005759 A CN 104005759A CN 201310062104 A CN201310062104 A CN 201310062104A CN 104005759 A CN104005759 A CN 104005759A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a resistivity simulation unit with stable physical properties. Specifically, the resistivity simulation unit is used for simulating the resistivity of an underground target stratum. The resistivity simulation unit is an annular unit which comprises a central annular hole and the surface of the resistivity simulation unit and an internal hole are covered with or filled with insulation oil so as to ensure that the physical properties of the obtained resistivity simulation unit are stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical probing technique, relate to particularly resistivity logging technology.
Background technology
In geological drilling process, can adopt different geophysical probing techniques to the stratum of down-hole different depth, different lithology.In various geophysical probing techniques, the resistivity on measurement target stratum is one of important means of difference different lithology, discovery subterranean oil, gas, water resource.
Along with the continuous progress of logging technique level, batch message amount is large, the device for subsurface measuring that radius of investigation is little, and such as down-hole acoustic-electric Image-forming instrument, down-hole microresistivity scanner etc., research and develop successfully in succession.These device for subsurface measuring resolution ratio are high, and the down-hole information amount providing is large, provide important foundation for verifying down-hole Complicated Geologic Condition.
But, in the prior art, to developed device for subsurface measuring demarcate, verification when detecting reliability, the uniformity of these instruments, or for this instrument underground survey data establishment respective explanations software provide parameter according to time, all must carry out to actual well scene.This work is costly, time and effort consuming not only, and demarcation, verification and the parameter that provides may be also not ideal enough in the degree of accuracy and uniformity according to this, even may can not find can with suitable well implement this work.
That is to say, how to developed device for subsurface measuring demarcate, verification, in this area, be badly in need of according to having become a great problem that solves for the establishment of instrument underground survey data interpretation software provides parameter.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to set up on ground various different resistivity under a set of simulation well, the device of Different Strata thickness, with easily to the downhole instrument of being developed demarcate, verification, easily for the establishment of this instrument underground survey data interpretation software provides parameter foundation accurately and reliably.
Another object of the present invention is unit and the manufacture method thereof that different target stratum corresponding resistor rate under a kind of accurately simulation well will be provided, and it can combine the different resistivity of whole down-hole formation of any degree of depth of simulation.
Another object of the present invention be to make different target stratum corresponding resistor rate under simulation well unit in use resistivity keep relative stability, the impact of extraneous humidity is reduced to minimum.
Another object of the present invention is to make the block construction of different target stratum corresponding resistor rate under simulation well simple, and is convenient to form corresponding section and relative positioning easily.
Another object of the present invention is to make the unit of different target stratum corresponding resistor rate under simulation well can be used for detecting one or more characteristic index of described device for subsurface measuring.
For realizing above-mentioned at least one object, the invention provides the resistivity simulation cell cube of formation at target locations resistivity under a kind of simulation well, it is the annular element body with central annular distance, and covers or be filled with insulating oil in the hole of all surface of described resistivity simulation cell cube and inside.
Preferably, described resistivity simulation cell cube has the one or more locating holes that axially run through itself.
Preferably, the quantity of described locating hole is three, and along same circumference uniform distribution on the end face of described resistivity simulation cell cube.
Preferably, on the bore area of described resistivity simulation cell cube, there is at least one local feature of demarcating, for detecting one or more characteristic index of described device for subsurface measuring.
Preferably, the described local feature of demarcating comprises multiple grooves and/or the hole with different geometrical size and/or orientation.
Preferably, described resistivity simulation cell cube is made up of cement, one or more conductive materials and water.
Preferably, described conductive materials is particle and/or powder type.
Preferably, described conductive materials is graphite powder.
The ground calibration equipment of simulation well sub-surface resistivity of the present invention can be set up various different resistivity under a set of simulation well, the device of Different Strata thickness on the ground.Utilize this device, can be easily to developed downhole instrument demarcate, verification, easily for the establishment of instrument underground survey data interpretation software provides parameter foundation accurately and reliably.
Resistivity simulation cell cube of the present invention is different target stratum corresponding resistor rate under simulation well exactly, and these resistivity simulation cell cubes can be combined the different resistivity of the whole down-hole formation of any degree of depth of simulation.And, can stable for extended periods of time in this resistivity simulation cell cube use procedure.
In addition, resistivity simulation cell cube of the present invention is simple in structure, is convenient to form corresponding section, easily relative positioning, but also can be used for detecting one or more characteristic index of described device for subsurface measuring.
According to detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings below, those skilled in the art will understand above-mentioned and other objects, advantage and feature of the present invention more.
Brief description of the drawings
Hereinafter will be with reference to accompanying drawing and with exemplary and non-limiting way is described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, in accompanying drawing, identical Reference numeral has indicated same or similar parts or part.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these accompanying drawings may not draw by actual ratio.In accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows the side schematic sectional view of the ground calibration equipment of simulation well sub-surface resistivity in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the down-hole formation of face calibration equipment is as shown in Figure 1 simulated the schematic end of resistivity simulation section in main body;
Fig. 3 is the side schematic sectional view of a part for the section of resistivity simulation shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the schematic end that the down-hole formation of face calibration equipment is as shown in Figure 1 simulated borehole wall imaging detector segments in main body;
Fig. 5 is the schematic A-A sectional view of the imaging of the borehole wall shown in a Fig. 4 detector segments part;
Fig. 6 is the schematic B-B sectional view of the imaging of the borehole wall shown in a Fig. 4 detector segments part;
Fig. 7 is the schematic end of annular element body in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the side schematic sectional view of the body of annular element shown in Fig. 7.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to Fig. 1, the ground calibration equipment of simulation well sub-surface resistivity in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises that the outer shaft wall 10(of circumferential sealing for example can be closed steel pressure-bearing bucket) and be arranged on the down-hole formation simulation main body 20 of outer shaft wall 10 radially inner sides.Preferably, between outer shaft wall 10 and down-hole formation simulation main body 20, be provided with centralizer 15, with down-hole formation is simulated main body 20 and outer shaft wall 10 suitably (normally with central axial line ground) be fixed together, thereby avoid in the process such as use, lifting of ground calibration equipment, down-hole formation simulates the entirety of main body 20 or part is subjected to displacement and/or deformation.As well known to the skilled person, along the axial direction of outer shaft wall 10, multiple centralizers 15 preferably can be set.Each centralizer 15 itself for example can be an integrated support structure, or also can be made up of multiple separating members, and its concrete structure is well known to those skilled in the art, and to this, it will not go into details herein.
In addition, as skilled in the art will understand, for example install after the calibration equipment of ground of the present invention in verification place, before use, need in outer shaft wall 10, (comprise in the space between the instrument space possible to down-hole formation simulation main body 20 and down-hole formation simulation main body 20 and outer shaft wall 10) liquid that injects simulation well sub-surface liquid environment.These liquid can be for example Chinese national standard 35# diesel oil, or can be other hydrocarbon liquids with electrical insulation characteristics, can be even the oil-base mud drilling fluids according to actual demand proportioning, and also other substrate drilling fluids, comprise water-base mud drilling fluid.For convenience of describing, in the application, these liquid are called to " liquid in well ".
Generally speaking, outer shaft wall 10 along its axial direction have first end 11 with axially relative the second end 12 of described first end.Obviously,, in order to inject into well liquid and to pass in and out for device for subsurface measuring in down-hole formation simulation main body 20, wherein said first end is openend.
Preferably, be provided with a circumferentially liquid reserve tank 40 for sealing on the first end 11 of outer shaft wall 10, described liquid reserve tank has the first end face and second end face relative with described the first end face axial along its axial direction.The first end face of liquid reserve tank 40 and the second end face have respectively the first central opening and the second central opening, described the first central opening for injecting into well liquid and passing in and out for device for subsurface measuring in outer shaft wall, and described the second central opening is circumferentially sealed on the external surface of first end 11 that is fixed, such as by welding, to outer shaft wall 10 along its edge.Very advantageously, such liquid reserve tank 40 defines an interim liquid storage space therein, to be housed in the liquid that may overflow outer shaft wall 10 when calibration equipment of the present invention uses, avoid the liquid overflowing to flow in surrounding environment, and also can allow subsequently these liquid again to flow back in outer shaft wall 10.For example, when device for subsurface measuring to be tested is suspended in outer shaft wall 10 (particularly, normally insert in the instrument space that down-hole formation simulation main body 20 is possible), in the well having injected before may making wherein, liquid part is overflowed, this part liquid overflowing can temporarily be housed in liquid reserve tank 40, and can not flow into environment space; And withdrawing from after device for subsurface measuring to be tested, this part liquid being temporarily housed in liquid reserve tank 40 can flow back to again in outer shaft wall 10 again.
For example, in order to facilitate outside hanging device (crane) to lift operation to ground of the present invention calibration equipment, preferably can be near the first end of outer shaft wall 10 11 or the contiguous circumferential edge of the first end face place of liquid reserve tank 40 lifting components 45 is set.In one embodiment, lifting components 45 can be the multiple hoisting rings that are fixed to symmetrically the contiguous circumferential edge of liquid reserve tank 40 first end faces place.For example, assemble after the calibration equipment of ground, available crane is hung on hoisting ring, by ground calibration equipment put into the underground well that a temperature environment preferably keeps relative stability (normally the first end 11 of outer shaft wall 10 upward, and the second end 12 down).
As skilled in the art will understand, so-called " underground well " not carries out the subterranean bore hole of actual geological prospecting or resource exploitation here, but verification place excavate and/or build for being installed in one " container " of calibration equipment of the present invention.Preferably should " container " be built in underground, but be the consideration for the aspect such as economy or environment, and nonessential.Therefore, although in some practical application, during calibration equipment of the present invention may be placed in so-called " underground well ", but to those skilled in the art, owing to no longer needing to carry out the demarcation/verification of instrument in the subterranean bore hole of actual geological prospecting or resource exploitation, thereby calibration equipment of the present invention is still considered to a kind of " ground calibration equipment ".
In the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the second end 12 of outer shaft wall 10 is also an openend, on it, be provided with a terminating set 50 with draining valve 51, to seal the opening of the second end 12, and allowing to inject liquid in the well in outer shaft wall can discharge under the control of draining valve 51, with liquid in the well more renewing according to the requirement of test verification.Certainly, those skilled in the art all can understand, alternatively, the second end 12 of outer shaft wall 10 also can permanently seal, now need to adopt other measures to discharge the liquid in outer shaft wall, liquid for example can insert extra pipe and carry out pump suction, or verification dress in whole ground can be tilted or turns, so that can flow out from the first end of outer shaft wall 10 openings 11.
Generally, down-hole formation simulation main body 20 comprises resistivity simulation section 21 and optional borehole wall imaging detector segments 22 and extension of section 23.
Referring to Fig. 2-3, resistivity simulation section 21 is preferably made up of one or more resistivity simulation cell cubes 30, and thickness can be determined as required.Described resistivity simulation cell cube has been simulated the resistivity on different target stratum, down-hole, for device for subsurface measuring (not shown), it is measured.Because resistivity simulation section 21 can be made up of the cell cube of different-thickness, different resistivity as required, therefore the longitudinal frame that can simulate device for subsurface measuring can be from the different resistivity on the multiple different-thickness stratum such as such as 10mm-1000mm, for the demarcation of device for subsurface measuring, the establishment of respective explanations software provide the true foundation of science, and can regularly carry out reliability and consistency desired result to corresponding device for subsurface measuring.
Referring to Fig. 4-6, optional borehole wall imaging detector segments 22 is made up of one or more borehole wall imaging detecting unit bodies 35, and thickness can be determined as required.The described borehole wall imaging detecting unit n-body simulation n resistivity on different target stratum, down-hole, for device for subsurface measuring (not shown), it is measured, and on the inner surface of 10 central axial lines of pit shaft outward of at least a portion or each borehole wall imaging detecting unit body 35, there is at least one local feature of demarcating, for detecting one or more characteristic index of device for subsurface measuring.The local feature of demarcating comprises multiple groove 37' and/or the hole 37'' with different geometrical size and/or orientation.More specifically, can on inner hole wall, form the hole of different-diameter, different depth, the groove that is parallel to horizontal direction extension of different size, the groove extending perpendicular to horizontal direction and/or the inclined groove extending with other angles of inclination with respect to horizontal direction, in order to for example to detect the characteristic index such as imaging resolution and/or investigation depth of corresponding device for subsurface measuring.So far, be understandable that, borehole wall imaging detecting unit body 35 is in fact a kind of special resistivity simulation cell cube with local demarcation feature.
As shown in Figure 1, resistivity simulation section 21 can be configured in axial direction be adjacent to the first end 11 of outer shaft wall 10, and borehole wall imaging detector segments 22 can be configured in axial direction be adjacent to resistivity simulation section 21.Or alternatively, borehole wall imaging detector segments 22 can be configured in axial direction be adjacent to the first end 11 of outer shaft wall 10, and resistivity simulation section 21 can be configured in axial direction be adjacent to borehole wall imaging detector segments 22.
In addition, optional extension of section 23 also can be made up of one or more extension of section cell cubes 39, and is configured in axial direction be adjacent to the second end 12 of outer shaft wall 10.As skilled in the art will understand, because device for subsurface measuring does not detect extension of section 23, therefore can not do special restriction to the resistivity of this section cell cube.
Preferably, in resistivity simulation section 21, borehole wall imaging detector segments 22 and extension of section 23, be limited with respectively the instrument space 32,36,38 that can receive device for subsurface measuring, be illustrated as in the embodiment in figure 1 circular central bore.As previously mentioned, extension of section 23 is not measured by device for subsurface measuring, thereby the operation that is for example used to device for subsurface measuring of instrument space 38 wherein provides the spatial accommodation of one section of extension.
More preferably, these instrument spaces 32,36,38 all have identical central axial line, and have the cross section of same shape, and these instrument spaces 32,36,38 have formed the down-hole formation simulation complete instrument space 25 of main body 20 thus.
Certainly, those skilled in the art also should understand, if be not limited with instrument space in resistivity simulation section 21, borehole wall imaging detector segments 22 and/or extension of section 23 itself, device for subsurface measuring will be measured in the space of restriction between the inner surface that is lowered to these sections and outer shaft wall 10 so.Therefore, can say, receive device for subsurface measuring in the calibration equipment of ground of the present invention and can be simulated by down-hole formation that main body 20 is own further to be limited outer shaft wall 10 is interior to measures the instrument space of operation, or also can simulate main body 20 and outer shaft wall 10 limits jointly by down-hole formation.
In certain embodiments, resistivity simulation cell cube 30, borehole wall imaging detecting unit body 35 and extension of section cell cube 39 can be made into any suitable shape, for example essentially rectangular or be roughly the brick body of eccentric circular ring section.These brick bodies preferably along circumferentially end to end or have certain intervals ground, in the axial direction stacked be assembled into each section, and limit therein corresponding instrument space in outer shaft wall.
More preferably, resistivity simulation cell cube 30 and/or borehole wall imaging detecting unit body 35 and/or extension of section cell cube 39 can be the annular element body with central annular distance, and now the instrument space of each section is made up of vertically the central annular distance of these annular element bodies.Here it should be noted that, term " annular " used in the application includes but not limited to annular, other have sealing or the annular of non-sealing periphery and sealing or non-sealing hollow endoporus, and it is also possible that such as profile is roughly sealing or the non-closed ring etc. that oval sealing or non-closed ring or profile be roughly rectangle; And and do not require that the central annular distance of these annulars and their peripheral profile are of similar shape.Itself can make annular element body integratedly, also can be combined by less cell cube.
In a preferred embodiment, resistivity simulation cell cube 30, borehole wall imaging detecting unit body 35 and extension of section cell cube 39 all can be made into central annular distance as Figure 7-8 and peripheral profile and be the form of circular annular element body 60 in shape.Now, resistivity simulation cell cube 30, borehole wall imaging detecting unit body 35 and extension of section cell cube 39 all can have identical external diameter and interior diameter, and the thickness of unit body can arrange as required, can be the same or different each other.In a concrete example, described interior diameter for example can be 200 mm, and external diameter for example can be 800 mm(largest outer diameter can reach 1.5m or larger); Unit body preferably successively (for example from bottom to top) closed assembly becomes extension of section 23, borehole wall imaging detector segments 22 and resistivity simulation section 21, thereby forms whole down-hole formation simulation main body 20; The whole length of this down-hole formation simulation main body 20 for example can be 7.5 m left and right.Annular element body 60 preferably also has the one or more locating holes 64 that axially run through itself.It should be noted that, for clarity sake, locating hole 64 only indicates in Fig. 7-8, and is not illustrated in other accompanying drawings.When assembling, by insert alignment pin in the corresponding locating hole 64 of adjacent annular cell cube 60, can make them relative to each other appropriately be located.In one embodiment, the quantity of locating hole 64 is preferably three, and along same circumference uniform distribution on the end face of annular element body 60.Further, when closed assembly annular element body 60, can on the opposing end surface of adjacent two annular element bodies 60, apply adhesive and two annular element bodies 60 are adhesively fixed together.In the present invention, described adhesive is preferably silicate of soda, is commonly called as " water glass ".
Especially, in the each section of down-hole formation simulation main body 20, especially in resistivity simulation section 21 and borehole wall imaging detector segments 22, unit body preferably all can be for to be made up of cement, one or more conductive materials and water, to simulate the specific electric resistance of certain formation at target locations.Described conductive materials is preferably particle and/or powder type, for example can be the particulate of graphite powder, CNT particle, some conducting metal or powder, etc.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the present invention adopts graphite powder as conductive materials.Wherein, the ratio of cement and graphite powder is preferably selected according to the size for the treatment of simulated target formation resistivity in the scope of 60:40 to 83.5:16.5.For example, in the time that the ratio of cement and graphite powder is 60:40, the resistivity of the resistivity simulation cell cube of making is roughly 0.2 Ω M; And in the time that the ratio of cement and graphite powder is 83.5:16.5, the resistivity of the resistivity simulation cell cube of making is roughly 2000 Ω M.As skilled in the art will understand, in the time manufacturing the cell cube of artifical resistance rate, graphite powder uses as conductive materials therein, if therefore reduce the shared ratio of graphite powder, the resistivity of the cell cube that obtained is so by corresponding increase; On the contrary, if improve the shared ratio of graphite powder, the resistivity of the cell cube that obtained so reduces corresponding.Accordingly, in the time that enforcement is of the present invention, it is also possible that the ratio of cement and graphite powder exceeds preferable range given above according to actual needs, and for example this ratio is also permitted in the scopes such as 50:50 to 90:10 and selected.
Also be noted that at this present invention preferably and unlike manufacturing conventional concrete component also will use sandstone as aggregate in the time manufacturing resistivity simulation cell cube (comprising borehole wall imaging detecting unit body).This be because, if used sandstone, will greatly increase so irregular and/or more macroporous quantity in cell cube, cause be difficult to more accurately obtain expect resistivity; For example, and this have a large amount of physical characteristics (resistivity) irregular and/or more macroporous cell cube and be in use also difficult to keep stable.But, as this section discloses, in an alternate embodiment, also can adopt sandstone to participate in manufacturing resistivity simulation cell cube.
Particularly, the method for manufacturing previously described resistivity simulation cell cube (comprising borehole wall imaging detecting unit body) comprises the following steps:
A., conductive materials (preferably graphite powder) and the water of cement, one or more particles and/or powder type are provided.
B. described conductive materials, described cement and described water are stirred, be made into compound.
C. described compound is carried out molded and shapedly, be made into base substrate.The shape of this base substrate is preferably the annular with central bore, and concrete size need to be determined according to concrete test.
D. the described base substrate after molded and shaped is placed in to base tool conformal maintenance a period of time of a respective shapes.This period is preferably more than 24,36,48 or 60 hours, is more preferably more than 72 hours.
E. the described base substrate after conformal maintenance is carried out to drying and processing.While carrying out this processing, described base substrate is preferably placed in the environment of uniform temperature more than a period of time, and this temperature is preferably more than 100 DEG C or 120 DEG C, is more preferably more than 150 DEG C, and this period is preferably more than 1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7 hour, be more preferably more than 8 hours.
Described base substrate after drying and processing can be used as resistivity simulation cell cube.But, for the resistivity that makes this cell cube in use keeps relative stability, extraneous humidity is reduced to minimum to the impact of resistivity, preferably also can proceed following steps:
F. the base substrate through described drying and processing is carried out to the saturated insulating oil processing of soaking.
Here it should be noted that, in the application's context, term " insulating oil " does not also mean that this material is liquid at normal temperatures, on the contrary, it should be understood as that and comprise those megohmite insulants that have electrical insulation characteristics and can become liquid and still keep electrical insulation characteristics after heating.In the present invention, described insulating oil preferably adopts high melting point paraffin, and its liquid forming afterwards in fusing can be described as paraffin oil.Carry out described saturatedly when soaking insulating oil and processing, first described high melting point paraffin heat fused is become to paraffin oil, then will immerse completely in described paraffin oil through the base substrate of described drying and processing.Soak time not only will make paraffin oil can cover all surface of base substrate, and will make paraffin oil fully to immerse in base substrate, fills hole wherein, stable with the resistivity simulation cell cube physical property that ensures to obtain.Particularly, soak time can be preferably between 0.5-2.0 hour, was more preferably about 1 hour.In an object lesson, the degree of depth of described paraffin oil can be 1 meter of left and right, and this can need suitably to arrange according to soaking certainly.Carried out described saturated soaking after insulating oil processing, the resistivity of cell cube can keep relative stability, thereby ensures the checking precision of the device for subsurface measuring being verified.
The present invention is especially preferably using graphite powder as conducting medium, be because physical property and the chemical property index of graphite is all highly stable at 250 DEG C below, can not react with cement, adhesive etc. and affect the stable of application life of cell cube and resistivity thereof.Other physical and chemical performance is stable, evengranular conductive materials, also can be used as the other materials such as conducting medium and cement and mixes, and makes resistivity simulation cell cube.
So far, those skilled in the art will recognize that, although at large illustrate and described multiple exemplary preferred embodiment herein, but, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, still can directly determine or derive many other modification or the amendment that meet the principle of the invention according to the disclosed content of the application.Therefore, scope of the present invention should be understood and regard as and cover all these other modification or amendments.
Claims (8)
1. the resistivity simulation cell cube of formation at target locations resistivity under a simulation well, it is characterized in that, described resistivity simulation cell cube is the annular element body with central annular distance, and covers or be filled with insulating oil in the hole of all surface of described resistivity simulation cell cube and inside.
2. resistivity simulation cell cube according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described resistivity simulation cell cube has the one or more locating holes that axially run through itself.
3. resistivity simulation cell cube according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
The quantity of described locating hole is three, and along same circumference uniform distribution on the end face of described resistivity simulation cell cube.
4. resistivity simulation cell cube according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
On the bore area of described resistivity simulation cell cube, there is at least one local feature of demarcating, for detecting one or more characteristic index of described device for subsurface measuring.
5. resistivity simulation cell cube according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
The described local feature of demarcating comprises multiple grooves and/or the hole with different geometrical size and/or orientation.
6. resistivity simulation cell cube according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described resistivity simulation cell cube is made up of cement, one or more conductive materials and water.
7. resistivity simulation cell cube according to claim 6, is characterized in that,
Described conductive materials is particle and/or powder type.
8. resistivity simulation cell cube according to claim 6, is characterized in that,
Described conductive materials is graphite powder.
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| 邓家祺等: "《溶出伏安法-在环境.医学.食品上的应用》", 31 March 1986, 人民卫生出版社 * |
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