CN104001844A - Forging process for adopting centrifugal casting hollow ingots to produce ring-shaped parts and cylindrical parts - Google Patents
Forging process for adopting centrifugal casting hollow ingots to produce ring-shaped parts and cylindrical parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN104001844A CN104001844A CN201410232609.1A CN201410232609A CN104001844A CN 104001844 A CN104001844 A CN 104001844A CN 201410232609 A CN201410232609 A CN 201410232609A CN 104001844 A CN104001844 A CN 104001844A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forging process for adopting centrifugal casting hollow ingots to produce ring-shaped parts and cylindrical parts and belongs to the technical field of forging. The process comprises the steps of peeling and flaw detection of inner and outer surfaces of the casting hollow ingots, heating, hollow body upsetting on swage blocks in special design, heating, core rod drawing out, heating, hollow body upsetting on swage blocks in special design, heating, core rod drawing out to a needed dimension or pore broadening to a required dimension. Compared with a forging forming process for which solid ingots are widely adopted, the forging forming process has the comparative advantages of obviously improving the material yield, saving energy and reducing consumption.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of forging, be specifically related to a kind of Forging Technology that adopts centrifugal casting hollow ingot to produce annular element and cylindrical member.
Background technology
Large-scale annular element and cylindrical member are mainly used in the important fields such as electric power, engineering machinery, military project, because of its service condition conventionally comparatively harsh, high to the performance requirement of product.Conventionally, large-scale annular element and cylindrical member are forging moulding, adopt afterwards machined to form final products.At present, the method for forging large annular barrel part is both at home and abroad mainly to adopt solid blank, after heating, jumping-up, punching, forms hollow ingot, then by pulling or reaming to corresponding size.The shortcoming of this forging method is, 1. required blank is more, technological process is tediously long, fire time too much, energy consumption is more; 2. solid blanks center material is as waste disposal in punching operation, and material recovery rate is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Forging Technology that adopts centrifugal casting hollow ingot to produce annular element and cylindrical member, than existing technique, effectively improve material recovery rate, reduce energy consumption.
The present invention is achieved in that casting hollow ingot → heating of stripping off the skin and detect a flaw through surfaces externally and internally → carry out on the swage block of particular design hollow body jumping-up → heating → core bar drawing → heating → carry out pulling out to required size (or reaming is to required size) on hollow body jumping-up → heating → plug on the swage block of particular design.Concrete technology step is as follows:
(1) the low diameter-wall-rate centrifugal casting hollow ingot forming through the casting of external refining molten steel is carried out to Composition Control and analysis, and its surfaces externally and internally is carried out to turning strip off the skin and detect a flaw, the inner surface thickness 8～10mm that strips off the skin wherein, outer surface 5～the 10mm that strips off the skin, the both ends of the surface of hollow ingot are carried out to machined, form the chamfering of 80 °～85 °;
(2) in removing stove, after residual oxide, above-mentioned steel ingot is being maintained (consisting of of weak oxide atmosphere: CO in the weak oxide atmosphere of malleation in stove
2=3～5%, CO=20～40%, H
2=28～35%, CH
4=1～3%, H
2o=10～20%, N
2=15～30%) heat;
(3) to the centrifugal casting hollow ingot after described heating, on the swage block with certain taper, (160 °～170 ° of vertex of a cone angles) carries out stopping the hollow ingot upsetting formation of serious unstability (as jumping-up cydariform diameter surpasses the more than 2 times of original diameter, or in upsetting process, blank is distorted);
(4) blank of (3) described hollow ingot upsetting formation is melted down to heating and insulation, 900～1250 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 0.5～2h;
(5) blank is come out of the stove, and carries out core bar drawing, and in pulling, upper and lower anvil is all selected V-type anvil, effectively prevents the expansion that results from of crack on end side;
(6) the pulling blank of (5) is melted down to heating and insulation, 900～1250 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 0.5～2h;
(7) the pulling blank of (6) is come out of the stove, carry out swage block jumping-up for the second time;
(8) blank after the jumping-up of (7) is melted down to heating and insulation, 900～1250 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 0.5～2h (;
(9) blank after the jumping-up of (8) is come out of the stove, carry out core bar drawing (in pulling, upper and lower anvil is all selected V-type anvil, effectively prevents the expansion that results from of crack on end side) to requiring size (or reaming is to requiring size).
(10) forging air cooling to room temperature is carried out machined.
Described centrifugal casting hollow ingot is the hollow ingot with low diameter-wall-rate (external diameter/wall thickness=2.5～5) and surfaces externally and internally process machined and flaw detection.
With respect to the process of common employing forging solid member and the method that adopts solid ingot forging hollow body, adopt centrifugal casting hollow ingot forging annular element and cylindrical member, mainly contain following advantage:
1. avoid or reduced adopt the relevant difficult problem of solid ingot by punching, the large-scale ring of reaming forging, cylindrical member (as avulsion, punching partially, fold), more can guarantee the quality of finished product;
2. the recovery rate of material significantly improves, and has saved a large amount of materials;
3. reduce energy resource consumption: due to material requested still less, so smelt, casting, the link energy resource consumptions such as heating before forging reduce;
4. due to the decline of billet weight, than solid blank, lower to the Capability Requirement of forging press.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of swage block jumping-up in the present invention.Wherein, swage block 3 on swage block 1, centrifugal casting hollow ingot 2, jumping-up under jumping-up.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: as example, the present invention will be further described with the forging test of 316LN material stainless steel cylinder to take certain nuclear power below.
As shown in Figure 1, the process flow diagram for the present invention and enforcement one example thereof, specifically comprises following processing step:
The first step, to strip off the skin on request through chemical composition analysis and body surfaces externally and internally, pipe end tapering is processed and detect a flaw after, by the about 1045kg of weight, be of a size of the low diameter-wall-rate centrifugal casting hollow ingot of Φ 480 * 115 * 1000mm, send into through removing in the stove of residual oxide according to six segmentation heating curves (each section of temperature retention time successively decreased, firing rate increase progressively) and heat.Charging temperature is 700 ℃, and maximum heating temperature is 1180 ℃.
Six described segmentation heating curves refer to: the intensification of cold ingot after shove charge below 700 ℃ is considered as first paragraph, the insulation of 850 ℃ is considered as second segment, the heating of 850 ℃ to 950 ℃ is considered as the 3rd section, the insulation of 950 ℃ is considered as the 4th section, the heating of 950 ℃ to 1180 ℃ is considered as the 5th section, and the insulation of 1180 ℃ is considered as the 6th section.And strictly distinguish the heating schedule of cold ingot and the heating schedule that middle forging heats again, the former heating maximum temperature is 1180 ℃, and the latter is for being respectively 1160 ℃; The inferior final forging temperature of every fire is 920～950 ℃.
Second step carries out jumping-up by upset ratio 2.3 by heating the hollow ingot that is of a size of Φ 480 * 115 * 1000mm (calculating by cold conditions size) on the swage block of particular design.The average increase of forging internal diameter after jumping-up is 35%, and after-swage dimension is Φ 690 * 182 * 435mm.
The 3rd step, melts down and quickly heats up to 1160 ℃, is incubated 0.5 hour; After coming out of the stove, select the core bar drawing of nominal diameter 240mm to external diameter 538mm, the forging ' s block dimension obtaining is Φ 538 * 150 * 687mm, and pulling is than 1.6.In pulling, upper and lower anvil is all selected V-type anvil, effectively prevents the expansion that results from of crack on end side.
The 4th step, then heating come out of the stove after by described hollow object on the swage block of described particular design, adopt 1.6 upset ratio to carry out jumping-up, obtaining forging ' s block dimension is Φ 668 * 190 * 435mm.
The 5th step, melts down and quickly heats up to 1160 ℃, is incubated 0.5 hour; After coming out of the stove, adopt 1.5 lengthening coefficient, on the long plug that is 240mm at nominal diameter, by above-mentioned jumping-up part pulling, the forging ' s block dimension after pulling is Φ 546 * 153 * 650mm.
The 6th step, forging air cooling is to room temperature.
The 7th step, is machined into Φ 516 * 118 * 550mm by above-mentioned forging.
Embodiment 2: as example, the present invention will be further described with the forging test of 316LN material stainless steel cylinder to take certain nuclear power below.
The first step, to strip off the skin on request through chemical composition analysis and body surfaces externally and internally, pipe end tapering is processed and detect a flaw after, by the about 1045kg of weight, be of a size of the low diameter-wall-rate centrifugal casting hollow ingot of Φ 480 * 115 * 1000mm, send into through removing in the stove of residual oxide according to six segmentation heating curves (each section of temperature retention time successively decreased, firing rate increase progressively) and heat.Charging temperature is 700 ℃, and maximum heating temperature is 1180 ℃.
Six described segmentation heating curves refer to: the intensification of cold ingot after shove charge below 700 ℃ is considered as first paragraph, the insulation of 850 ℃ is considered as second segment, the heating of 850 ℃ to 950 ℃ is considered as the 3rd section, the insulation of 950 ℃ is considered as the 4th section, the heating of 950 ℃ to 1180 ℃ is considered as the 5th section, and the insulation of 1180 ℃ is considered as the 6th section.And strictly distinguish the heating schedule of cold ingot and the heating schedule that middle forging heats again, the former heating maximum temperature is 1180 ℃, and the latter is for being respectively 1160 ℃; The inferior final forging temperature of every fire is 920～950 ℃.
Second step carries out jumping-up by upset ratio 2.3 by heating the hollow ingot that is of a size of Φ 480 * 115 * 1000mm (calculating by cold conditions size) on the swage block of particular design.The average increase of forging internal diameter after jumping-up is 35%, and after-swage dimension is Φ 690 * 182 * 435mm.
The 3rd step, melts down and quickly heats up to 1160 ℃, is incubated 0.5 hour; After coming out of the stove, select the core bar drawing of nominal diameter 240mm to external diameter 538mm, the forging ' s block dimension obtaining is Φ 538 * 150 * 687mm, and pulling is than 1.6.In pulling, upper and lower anvil is all selected V-type anvil, effectively prevents the expansion that results from of crack on end side.
The 4th step, then heating come out of the stove after by described hollow object on the swage block of described particular design, adopt 1.6 upset ratio to carry out jumping-up, obtaining forging ' s block dimension is Φ 668 * 190 * 435mm.
The 5th step, melts down and quickly heats up to 1160 ℃, is incubated 0.5 hour; After coming out of the stove, carry out expanding with a punch.The drift that adopts nominal diameter 318mm, after reaming, forging ' s block dimension is: Φ 689 * 185 * 414mm.
The 6th step, melts down and quickly heats up to 1160 ℃, is incubated 0.5 hour; After coming out of the stove, carry out expanding with a punch.The drift that adopts nominal diameter 348mm, after reaming, forging ' s block dimension is: Φ 716 * 182 * 395mm.
The 7th step, forging air cooling is to room temperature.
The 8th step, is machined into Φ 686 * 147 * 345mm by above-mentioned forging.
The detailed description of the above embodiment of the present invention and accompanying drawing, object is to make an explanation by word and diagram, and does not lie in the protection domain that limits claim.Various variations in the specific embodiment described in present specification; apparent to those skilled in the art; and in the protection domain in claim and equivalent technologies thereof, any change of the claims in the present invention, content that modification all belongs to the present invention's protection of not departing from.
Claims (4)
1. adopt centrifugal casting hollow ingot to produce a Forging Technology for annular element and cylindrical member, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) the low diameter-wall-rate centrifugal casting hollow ingot forming through the casting of external refining molten steel is carried out to constituent analysis, and its surfaces externally and internally is carried out to turning strip off the skin and detect a flaw, the inner surface thickness 8～10mm that strips off the skin wherein, outer surface 5～the 10mm that strips off the skin, the both ends of the surface of hollow ingot are carried out to machined, form the chamfering of 80 °～85 °;
(2) in removing stove, after residual oxide, above-mentioned centrifugal casting hollow ingot is being maintained in the weak oxide atmosphere of malleation in stove and heating;
(3) the centrifugal casting hollow ingot after heating is carried out stopping on the swage block with certain taper the hollow body upsetting formation of serious unstability;
(4) blank of (3) hollow body upsetting formation is melted down to heating and insulation, 900～1250 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 0.5～2h;
(5) blank is come out of the stove, and carries out core bar drawing, and in pulling, upper and lower anvil is all selected V-type anvil, effectively prevents the expansion that results from of crack on end side;
(6) the pulling blank of (5) is melted down to heating and insulation, 900～1250 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 0.5～2h;
(7) the pulling blank of (6) is come out of the stove, carry out hollow body upsetting formation for the second time;
(8) blank after (7) jumping-up is melted down to heating and insulation, 900～1250 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 0.5～2h;
(9) blank after (8) jumping-up is come out of the stove, carry out core bar drawing to requiring size or reaming to requiring size;
(10) forging air cooling to room temperature is carried out machined.
2. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described centrifugal casting hollow ingot is the hollow ingot with low diameter-wall-rate 2.5～5 and surfaces externally and internally process and machined and flaw detection.
3. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the swage block with certain taper described in step (3) is 160 °～170 ° of vertex of a cone angles.
4. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the weak oxide atmosphere described in step (2) consists of: CO
2=3～5%, CO=20～40%, H
2=28～35%, CH
4=1～3%, H
2o=10～20%, N
2=15～30%.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410232609.1A CN104001844A (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2014-05-28 | Forging process for adopting centrifugal casting hollow ingots to produce ring-shaped parts and cylindrical parts |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105382162A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-09 | 太原科技大学 | Upsetting stretching method of annular billet preformed through hollow ingot |
| CN105382163A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-09 | 太原科技大学 | Upsetting and stretching device for annular blank for prefabricating hollow steel ingot |
| CN108555205A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-09-21 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of open die forgings |
| CN112719199A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-30 | 江苏尚吉亨通新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of large-caliber titanium alloy thick-wall pipe |
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| US4649492A (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1987-03-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Tube expansion process |
| US20020136347A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-09-26 | Jeong Yong Hwan | Method for manufacturing a tube and a sheet of niobium-containing zirconium alloy for a high burn-up nuclear fuel |
| CN101670416A (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-17 | 上海重型机器锻件厂 | Forging molding method for million kilowatt nuclear power main pipe |
| CN101691895A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2010-04-07 | 烟台台海玛努尔核电设备有限公司 | Manufacturing process for main pipe line of primary loop in AP1000 nuclear power technology |
| CN103341724A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-10-09 | 中国钢研科技集团有限公司 | Process of producing nuclear power plant main pipeline forge piece through centrifugal casting hollow ingot |
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2014
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4649492A (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1987-03-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Tube expansion process |
| US20020136347A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-09-26 | Jeong Yong Hwan | Method for manufacturing a tube and a sheet of niobium-containing zirconium alloy for a high burn-up nuclear fuel |
| CN101670416A (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-17 | 上海重型机器锻件厂 | Forging molding method for million kilowatt nuclear power main pipe |
| CN101691895A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2010-04-07 | 烟台台海玛努尔核电设备有限公司 | Manufacturing process for main pipe line of primary loop in AP1000 nuclear power technology |
| CN103341724A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-10-09 | 中国钢研科技集团有限公司 | Process of producing nuclear power plant main pipeline forge piece through centrifugal casting hollow ingot |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105382162A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-09 | 太原科技大学 | Upsetting stretching method of annular billet preformed through hollow ingot |
| CN105382163A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-09 | 太原科技大学 | Upsetting and stretching device for annular blank for prefabricating hollow steel ingot |
| CN105382162B (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-07-25 | 太原科技大学 | The jumping-up pulling method of the prefabricated annular blank of hollow steel ingot |
| CN108555205A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-09-21 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of open die forgings |
| CN112719199A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-30 | 江苏尚吉亨通新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of large-caliber titanium alloy thick-wall pipe |
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Application publication date: 20140827 |