CN104001811B - A kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool and forming method - Google Patents
A kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool and forming method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104001811B CN104001811B CN201410261083.XA CN201410261083A CN104001811B CN 104001811 B CN104001811 B CN 104001811B CN 201410261083 A CN201410261083 A CN 201410261083A CN 104001811 B CN104001811 B CN 104001811B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- patrix
- counterdie
- profile
- mould
- titanium alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool and forming method, adopt mould of the present invention, the efficiency of Design of Dies can be improved greatly, the utilization rate of abundant raising mould and part material, a thermal cycle production more than one piece product, effectively improves energy utilization rate and production efficiency, saves manufacturing cost, in practical operation, reduce the time of many times of handling frocks simultaneously, play the effect comprehensively boosted productivity; The present invention design mould and adopt the forming method of this mould when shaping TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts, the reasonability of this group profile can be tested by the method for finite element numerical simulation, guarantee forming part process allowance appropriateness, corrugationless and drawing crack phenomenon, and the briquetting pressure be optimized for actual shaping time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool and forming method, belong to Plastic Forming processing technique field.
Background technology
Titanium alloy is due to little (the about 4.59/cm of density
3), specific strength and higher than fracture toughness, fatigue strength and resistance to crack extension ability number, the superior function such as low-temperature flexibility is good, etch resistant properties is strong, obtain a wide range of applications at industrial departments such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, chemical industry shipbuildings.
Cold-forming process due to routine is difficult to realize the shaping of thin-wall workpiece, therefore must use hot-forming method.Thermoforming refers to and metal material is heated to below recrystallization temperature, utilizes a kind of pressure processing technology of the technologic material feature finished parts that at high temperature plasticity improves, resistance of deformation reduces.
In China's System for aircraft manufacturing technology, the thermoforming technology of titanium alloy plate is whole progressively to be promoted the use of, but due to the unified standard of being never correlated with at design aspect at titanium alloy hot forming tool, make enterprise's many dependences practical experience when carrying out processing in this, a corresponding mould of product, cause frock quantity many, frock is bulky, heavy, and need frequent replacing to load and unload frock, expend man-hour many, the stock utilization part output capacity that is low, a thermal cycle simultaneously with mould and part is low, expend the problems such as the energy is many, manufacturing cost is high.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, the invention provides a kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool and forming method.
A kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool, comprise counterdie A and patrix B, counterdie A and patrix B adopts Mid-Si Mo Cast Iron, profile comprises multiple same kind of parts profile, left and right two row dihedral profiles are formed between counterdie A and patrix B, for placing plate to be punched in two row dihedral profiles, upper and lower mould is provided with blade fin groove, patrix B installs blade fin, blade fin and blade fin groove involutory for retraining pressing direction, installation step is respectively equipped with in the left and right sides of counterdie A and patrix B, vertical plane is provided with galvanic couple hole, hole for hoist is respectively equipped with in the rear and front end of counterdie A and patrix B, the process allowance place in upper and lower mould profile centre position is respectively equipped with at least two backgauge pin-and-holes and position is corresponding, at profile process allowance, place arranges blowpit.
The method for designing of above-mentioned TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool, adopts following steps:
(1) according to the appearance and size of titanium alloy dihedral product and thickness, they are classified, need during classification to consider symmetrical configuration part, the radius of corner of part and the length of straight flange of fillet both sides;
(2) according to the size range of the ability determination mould of pressing equipment;
(3) CATIA 3D sculpting software is adopted to carry out the quasi spline of counterdie A, first the different shaped region feature of multiple part in same class part is analyzed, then repeatedly use mirror image, bridge joint instrument makes multiple part reasonable layouts in same class part in the profile of counterdie A, in normal direction, and then after " skew " 1+5% times of part material, generate the profile of patrix B according to the profile of counterdie A; Tested the reasonability of this group profile by the method for finite element numerical simulation, guarantee forming part process allowance appropriateness, corrugationless and drawing crack phenomenon, and the briquetting pressure be optimized for actual shaping time;
(4) determine the die face size after convergent-divergent under normal temperature, die face Size calculation is according to formula: L
cm=L
cj(1-D), L in formula
cjfor the accessory size requirement under normal temperature, D is zoom factor, now completes the determination of counterdie A and patrix Type B face size;
(5) supplementary structure of counterdie A and patrix B is designed;
(6) hot forming tool design work is completed.
Described step (5) is specially: upper and lower mould is provided with blade fin groove, patrix B installs blade fin, blade fin and blade fin groove involutory for retraining pressing direction, installation step is respectively equipped with in the left and right sides of counterdie A and patrix B, vertical plane is provided with galvanic couple hole, be respectively equipped with hole for hoist in the rear and front end of counterdie A and patrix B, the process allowance place in upper and lower mould profile centre position is respectively equipped with at least two backgauge pin-and-holes and position is corresponding, and at profile process allowance, place arranges blowpit.
The forming method of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts, adopts following steps:
(1) launch model according to part and add process allowance blanking, sharpened edge deburring;
(2) panel surface is cleared up to clean without greasy dirt, free from admixture;
(3) at panel surface coating lubricant;
(4) start pre-heating temperature elevation program, arranging mould heating rate is 60 ~ 70 DEG C/h heating mould;
(5) thermoforming: first mold temperature is warming up to forming temperature 640 ~ 660 DEG C, then woollen is put into mould and at forming temperature 640 ~ 660 DEG C of preheating 4 ~ 5min, and then pressurize descending for patrix B with counterdie A matched moulds, pressure is at 390 ~ 410KN, and the dwell time is 8 ~ 10min;
(6) Qi Mo, in the pickup of blowpit place, is placed on asbestos pad and naturally cools;
(7) part after type is made into pasting tire gap≤0.5mm by striking inspection die repair, and according to part edge line profile;
(8) fluorescent inspection, carries out pickling processes after qualified.
Advantage of the present invention: 1. adopt mould of the present invention, the efficiency of Design of Dies can be improved greatly, the utilization rate of abundant raising mould and part material, a thermal cycle production more than one piece product, effective raising energy utilization rate and production efficiency, save manufacturing cost, in practical operation, reduce the time of many times of handling frocks simultaneously, play the effect comprehensively boosted productivity; 2. the present invention design mould and adopt the forming method of this mould when shaping TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts, the reasonability of this group profile can be tested by the method for finite element numerical simulation, guarantee forming part process allowance appropriateness, corrugationless and drawing crack phenomenon, and the briquetting pressure be optimized for actual shaping time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the lower die structure schematic diagram of hot forming tool of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the upper die structure schematic diagram of hot forming tool of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the assembling schematic diagram of patrix and counterdie.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, a kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool, comprise counterdie A and patrix B, counterdie A and patrix B adopts Mid-Si Mo Cast Iron, profile comprises multiple same kind of parts profile, left and right two row dihedral profiles are formed between counterdie A and patrix B, for placing plate to be punched in two row dihedral profiles, upper and lower mould is provided with blade fin groove 11, 15, patrix B installs blade fin 16, blade fin 16 is involutory for retraining pressing direction with blade fin groove 11, installation step 10 is respectively equipped with in the left and right sides of counterdie A and patrix B, vertical plane is provided with galvanic couple hole 13, hole for hoist 12 is respectively equipped with in the rear and front end of counterdie A and patrix B, the process allowance place in upper and lower mould profile centre position is respectively equipped with at least two backgauge pin-and-holes 9 and position is corresponding, at profile process allowance, place arranges blowpit 14.
The method for designing of above-mentioned TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool, adopts following steps:
(1) according to the appearance and size of titanium alloy dihedral product and thickness, they are classified, need during classification to consider symmetrical configuration part, the radius of corner of part and the length of straight flange of fillet both sides, identical or approximate for these principal elements is classified as a class, in Fig. 1, part theoretical profile comprises symmetrical member 1,2, symmetrical member 3,4, symmetrical member 5,6, symmetrical member 7,8, it is that the symmetrical member of 1mm is classified as a class that this design is respectively R8, R10 and thickness these four groups of radiuss of corner;
(2) according to the size range of the ability determination mould of pressing equipment;
(3) CATIA 3D sculpting software is adopted to carry out the quasi spline of counterdie A, first the different shaped region feature of multiple part in same class part is analyzed, then repeatedly use mirror image, bridge joint instrument make multiple part reasonable layouts in same class part in profile on, in normal direction, and then after " skew " 1+5% times of part material, generate the profile of patrix B according to the profile of counterdie A; Tested the reasonability of this group profile by the method for finite element numerical simulation, guarantee forming part process allowance appropriateness, corrugationless and drawing crack phenomenon, and the briquetting pressure be optimized for actual shaping time;
(4) determine the die face size after convergent-divergent under normal temperature, die face Size calculation is according to formula: L
cm=L
cj(1-D), L in formula
cjfor the accessory size requirement under normal temperature, D is zoom factor, now completes the determination of counterdie A and patrix Type B face size;
(5) designing the supplementary structure of counterdie A and patrix B, comprising the mode that is connected and fixed of mould and equipment, involutory mode with leading, the locate mode of woollen, boom hoisting, galvanic couple hole and discharge way;
(6) hot forming tool design work is completed.
Described step (5) is specially: counterdie A and patrix B, upper and lower mould is provided with blade fin groove 11,15, patrix B installs blade fin 16, blade fin 16 is involutory for retraining pressing direction with blade fin groove 11, the process allowance place in upper and lower mould profile centre position is respectively equipped with at least two backgauge pin-and-holes 9 and position is corresponding, and at profile process allowance, place arranges blowpit 14.Installation step 10 is respectively equipped with in the left and right sides of counterdie A and patrix B, the mode that is connected and fixed of mould and workbench is that follower bolt is fixed, mould vertical plane is provided with galvanic couple hole 13, galvanic couple hole 13 is lower than about profile 30mm, the diameter in galvanic couple hole 13 is 6mm, is respectively equipped with hole for hoist 12 in the rear and front end of counterdie A and patrix B.
The forming method of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts, adopts following steps:
(1) launch model according to part and add process allowance blanking, sharpened edge deburring;
(2) panel surface is cleared up to clean without greasy dirt, free from admixture;
(3) at panel surface coating lubricant;
(4) start pre-heating temperature elevation program, be arranged to mould heating rate and be 60 ~ 70 DEG C/h and heating mould;
(5) thermoforming: first mold temperature is warming up to forming temperature 650 DEG C, then puts into mould woollen and at forming temperature 650 DEG C of preheating 4 ~ 5min, and then pressurize descending for patrix B with counterdie A matched moulds, pressure is at 400KN, and the dwell time is 8 ~ 10min;
(6) Qi Mo, in the pickup of blowpit place, is placed on asbestos pad and naturally cools;
(7) part after type is made into pasting tire gap≤0.5mm by striking inspection die repair, and according to part edge line profile;
(8) fluorescent inspection, carries out pickling processes after qualified.
Claims (5)
1. a TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool, it is characterized in that: comprise counterdie A and patrix B, profile comprises multiple same kind of parts profile, left and right two row dihedral profiles are formed between counterdie A and patrix B, for placing plate to be punched in two row dihedral profiles, upper and lower mould is provided with blade fin groove (11), (15), patrix B installs blade fin (16), blade fin (16) is involutory for retraining pressing direction with blade fin groove (11), installation step (10) is respectively equipped with in the left and right sides of counterdie A and patrix B, vertical plane is provided with galvanic couple hole (13), hole for hoist (12) is respectively equipped with in the rear and front end of counterdie A and patrix B, the process allowance place in upper and lower mould profile centre position is respectively equipped with at least two backgauge pin-and-holes (9) and position is corresponding, at profile process allowance place, blowpit (14) is set.
2. a kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: counterdie A and patrix B adopts Mid-Si Mo Cast Iron.
3. the method for designing of a kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that adopting following steps:
(1) according to the appearance and size of titanium alloy angle shaped parts and thickness, they are classified, need during classification to consider symmetrical configuration part, the radius of corner of part and the length of straight flange of fillet both sides;
(2) according to the size range of the ability determination mould of pressing equipment;
(3) CATIA 3D sculpting software is adopted to carry out the quasi spline of counterdie A, first the different shaped region feature of multiple part in same class part is analyzed, then repeatedly use mirror image, bridge joint instrument makes multiple part reasonable layouts in same class part in the profile of counterdie A, in normal direction, and then after " skew " 1+5% times of part material, generate the profile of patrix B according to the profile of counterdie A; Tested the reasonability of this group profile by the method for finite element numerical simulation, guarantee forming part process allowance appropriateness, corrugationless and drawing crack phenomenon, and the briquetting pressure be optimized for actual shaping time;
(4) determine the die face size after convergent-divergent under normal temperature, die face Size calculation is according to formula: L
cm=L
cj(1-D), L in formula
cjfor the accessory size requirement under normal temperature, D is zoom factor, now completes the determination of counterdie A and patrix Type B face size;
(5) supplementary structure of counterdie A and patrix B is designed;
(6) hot forming tool design work is completed.
4. the method for designing of a kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool as claimed in claim 3, described step (5) is specially: upper and lower mould is provided with blade fin groove (11), (15), patrix B installs blade fin (16), blade fin (16) is involutory for retraining pressing direction with blade fin groove (11), installation step (10) is respectively equipped with in the left and right sides of counterdie A and patrix B, vertical plane is provided with galvanic couple hole (13), hole for hoist (12) is respectively equipped with in the rear and front end of counterdie A and patrix B, the process allowance place in upper and lower mould profile centre position is respectively equipped with at least two backgauge pin-and-holes (9) and position is corresponding, at profile process allowance place, blowpit (14) is set.
5. a forming method for TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts, have employed hot forming tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that concrete grammar adopts following steps:
(1) launch model according to part and add process allowance blanking, sharpened edge deburring;
(2) panel surface is cleared up to clean without greasy dirt, free from admixture;
(3) at panel surface coating lubricant;
(4) start pre-heating temperature elevation program, arranging mould heating rate is 60 ~ 70 DEG C/h heating mould;
(5) thermoforming: first mold temperature is warming up to forming temperature 640 ~ 660 DEG C, then plate is put into mould and at forming temperature 640 ~ 660 DEG C of preheating 4 ~ 5min, and then pressurize descending for patrix B with counterdie A matched moulds, pressure is at 390 ~ 410KN, and the dwell time is 8 ~ 10min;
(6) Qi Mo, in the pickup of blowpit place, is placed on asbestos pad and naturally cools;
(7) part after type is made into pasting tire gap≤0.5mm by striking inspection die repair, and according to part edge line profile;
(8) fluorescent inspection, carries out pickling processes after qualified.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410261083.XA CN104001811B (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | A kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool and forming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410261083.XA CN104001811B (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | A kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool and forming method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104001811A CN104001811A (en) | 2014-08-27 |
| CN104001811B true CN104001811B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
Family
ID=51362881
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410261083.XA Active CN104001811B (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | A kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool and forming method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104001811B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104174749B (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-10-26 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Many curved surfaces titanium alloy component shaped device and method |
| JP6350681B2 (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2018-07-04 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Surface shape defect occurrence area estimation method, surface shape defect cause area estimation method, surface shape defect occurrence area estimation apparatus, surface shape defect cause area estimation apparatus, program, and recording medium |
| CN105344819B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-11-28 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | The isothermal forming mould and its manufacturing process of deep camber titanium alloy covering part |
| CN108906960B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-10-18 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of elongated board angle section part rubber pocket manufacturing process |
| CN109622772B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-05-29 | 西安宏钛航空科技有限公司 | Upper hot die changing method of titanium alloy thermoforming machine |
| CN110947800B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-08-27 | 中航沈飞民用飞机有限责任公司 | Box-type module group knocking-detection die and method for forming Z-shaped ultra-long section by applying same |
| CN112775220B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-02-11 | 燕山大学 | Device for hot bending titanium alloy plate into section and hot bending method thereof |
| CN113510187B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-06-23 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method and device for improving sinking forming quality of metal thin-wall section |
| CN113458260B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-10-25 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Accurate preforming method for large-curvature metal thick plate |
| CN115625244B (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-11 | 成立航空技术(成都)有限公司 | Aerospace TC4 titanium alloy sheet metal part heat preservation hot stamping equipment |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0671356A (en) * | 1992-08-25 | 1994-03-15 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Production of press mold made of resin |
| WO2008086768A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Müller Weingarten AG | Device for producing press-hardened sheet metal elements |
| CN102430628A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-05-02 | 大连理工大学 | Thermal forming method for multilayer metal composite boards |
| CN103143627A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Mold for hot stamping and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN203356396U (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-12-25 | 上海大学 | Hot stamping die for mechanical performance testing |
| CN103707066A (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-09 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Device and method for hot stamping |
| CN203541264U (en) * | 2013-09-14 | 2014-04-16 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Mould insert for thermal forming of ultrahigh-strength parts |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005028010B3 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-07-20 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Shaping and hardening heated steel workpiece, e.g. sheet, using press with lower mold tool located in liquid bath, minimizing or eliminating holding time for hardening workpiece in closed mold |
| US20080173057A1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Stamping of work hardenable aluminum alloy sheets |
-
2014
- 2014-06-13 CN CN201410261083.XA patent/CN104001811B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0671356A (en) * | 1992-08-25 | 1994-03-15 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Production of press mold made of resin |
| WO2008086768A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Müller Weingarten AG | Device for producing press-hardened sheet metal elements |
| CN102430628A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-05-02 | 大连理工大学 | Thermal forming method for multilayer metal composite boards |
| CN103143627A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Mold for hot stamping and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN103707066A (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-09 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Device and method for hot stamping |
| CN203356396U (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-12-25 | 上海大学 | Hot stamping die for mechanical performance testing |
| CN203541264U (en) * | 2013-09-14 | 2014-04-16 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Mould insert for thermal forming of ultrahigh-strength parts |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104001811A (en) | 2014-08-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104001811B (en) | A kind of TC4 titanium alloy dihedral thin-walled parts hot forming tool and forming method | |
| TWI485265B (en) | Forging method for aluminum or aluminum alloy | |
| CN107855448A (en) | The manufacture method of Al-alloy casing | |
| CN104213059B (en) | Titanium alloy bilayer curved surface wing plate part method for controlling heat treatment deformation | |
| CN102039308A (en) | Rolling method of magnesium alloy plate and auxiliary rolling method thereof | |
| CN103878246A (en) | Bending machine die for nine-bend workpiece and machining method of nine-bend workpiece | |
| CN109909375A (en) | A kind of metal tile shaping mould group and its moulding process | |
| CN103341943B (en) | Plastics plate high-pressure hot wind progressive molding device and manufacturing process thereof | |
| Lin et al. | Application of an integrated RE/RP/CAD/CAE/CAM system for magnesium alloy shell of mobile phone | |
| CN107855413A (en) | The outer plate stamping and forming die of aluminium doors and method for controlling springback | |
| CN110899588A (en) | Local loading forming method for single-action press and combined die | |
| CN102921731B (en) | Warm-rolling process method of titanium alloy thin plate | |
| CN203371715U (en) | High-pressure hot air incremental forming device for plastic sheet | |
| CN103769454B (en) | A kind of hot forming method of thin brilliant TC21 titanium alloy plate | |
| CN109433984B (en) | All-fiber profiling forging forming method for multi-claw component | |
| CN202006239U (en) | Plate bend die | |
| CN104175071A (en) | Hot forming method and die of complex titanium alloy cable cover seal head | |
| CN106156446A (en) | Plastic forming process energy consumption analysis method based on numerical simulation | |
| Kong et al. | Numerical and experimental investigation of preform design in non-axisymmetric warm forming | |
| CN1166471C (en) | Fine forging technology for automobile claw pole forging | |
| CN202465902U (en) | Electrolytic aluminum positive electrode for suppressing deformation of steel claws | |
| CN101569975B (en) | Method for changing die shape | |
| CN203764784U (en) | Bending machine die for ninthly-bent workpiece | |
| CN202336537U (en) | Aluminium sheet multi-bending molding mould | |
| CN102974728B (en) | Method for carrying out calendaring molding on GH202 high-temperature alloy sheet |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |