CN103993827B - Under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas - Google Patents
Under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN103993827B CN103993827B CN201410262116.2A CN201410262116A CN103993827B CN 103993827 B CN103993827 B CN 103993827B CN 201410262116 A CN201410262116 A CN 201410262116A CN 103993827 B CN103993827 B CN 103993827B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas, the method enters protective casing under comprising the steps:, arranges the air injection pipe, the liquid injection pipe that connect with in it outside described protective casing；Enter after setting up underbalance by described air injection pipe after target zone, drilling pump and gas pump group continuous firing；It is drilled a single drill pipe or drilling well column, when carrying out the preparation piercing next single drill pipe or drilling well column, makes drilling pump be injected by drilling fluid and switch to described liquid injection pipe；Complete to pierce the preparation of next single drill pipe or drilling well column, make described drilling pump be injected by drilling fluid and switch to drill string.The method and system all keep wellbore clearance with non-creeping into creeping under state, effectively prevent the generation of sand setting lock of tool drilling, and can continue to keep uniform Under-balanced Downhole Pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Coal-seam Gas Recovery Technologies field, particularly relate to a kind of under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas.
Background technology
At present, in the exploitation field of coal bed gas, the drilling mode of employing is generally under balance pressure drilling.Under balance pressure drilling refers to that drilling well fluid column acts on the pressure (including the fluid pressure of drilling well fluid column, circulation pressure drop and wellhead back pressure) in shaft bottom lower than downhole formation pore pressure in drilling process.
The composition special due to coal seam reservoirs and diagenesis character, the characteristics such as mechanical stability is poor, permeability is low, adsorptivity storage, gas saturation are low, reservoir properties is weak, if the injury of additional work and destruction in experience drilling process, to forever can not repair, so coal bed gas under-balanced drilling technology needs to consider the stability of bottom pressure, lasting hole cleaning ability, can not produce the factors such as physical chemistry pollution destruction simultaneously.
Phost line gas injection underbalance is the one in the under-balanced drilling technology that CBM Drilling adopts, and is generally and implements this technology for horizontal well target zone.
During horizontal well drilling, first dig a well vertically downwards from ground, deflecting after arrival certain depth, thus transition is horizontally extending gradually, can by the horizontal well section of being respectively perpendicular, inclination section and horizontal segment three part, it is clear that horizontal segment is positioned at target coal seam.
The drilling well of horizontal segment, it is necessary to use single drill pipe or drilling well column, single drill pipe or drilling well column are pierced in target coal seam the horizontal segment forming horizontal well one by one.
Horizontal segment creep into front lower enter protective casing, protective casing outside lower enter parasitic air injection pipe, and cement the well, Hou Ning；Protective casing is bored plug, and drills the position that protective casing is connected with parasitic air injection pipe, it is ensured that parasitism air injection pipe unimpeded.
Wherein, single drill pipe or drilling well column are positioned at protective casing, form annular space between the two.In drilling process, drilling fluid is injected single drill pipe or the cavity of drilling well column, drilling fluid flows through cavity and is up to the standard the well end at that time, in protective casing, inject gas by parasitic air injection pipe simultaneously, gas and the drilling fluid mixed injected forms biphase gas and liquid flow, and the impurity such as the landwaste that formed in this biphase gas and liquid flow portability drilling process, sandstone flows out well head.When the gas injected and drilling fluid reach certain value, biphase gas and liquid flow reaches dynamic equilibrium, maintains this dynamic equilibrium and completes the under-balance drilling operation of horizontal well horizontal segment.
But, there is following problems in above-mentioned phost line gas injection under balance pressure drilling:
After piercing a single drill pipe or drilling well column, it is necessary to access next root single drill pipe or drilling well column could continue creeping into of horizontal segment.When accessing next root single drill pipe or drilling well column, need one section of preparation, during this preparation, the drilling pump injecting drilling fluid must be cut off, owing to drilling pump fluid injection before this and parasitic air injection pipe gas injection reach dynamic equilibrium, in order to safeguard this dynamic balance state, also gas injection cannot be continued after termination of pumping fluid injection, so, during termination of pumping, the vertical section of horizontal well and inclination section do not have biphase gas and liquid flow to flow, the impurity such as landwaste cannot be driven, cause the impurities sink down such as landwaste, if during termination of pumping, drift too much fills drilling tool, again the impurity such as the landwaste of deposition cannot be washed open during turn on pump, cause lock of tool drilling.
In view of this, in drilling process, how to realize continuous underbalance creep into, keep the lasting cleaning of bore passage, effectively prevent the generation of sand setting lock of tool drilling, be that those skilled in the art are presently required and solve the technical problem that.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas, the method and system are capable of continuous underbalance and creep into, and keep the lasting cleaning of bore passage, effectively prevent the generation of sand setting lock of tool drilling.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of under balance pressure drilling method for coal bed gas, comprises the steps:
Under enter protective casing, outside described protective casing arrange connect with in it air injection pipe, liquid injection pipe；
Enter after setting up underbalance by described air injection pipe after target zone, drilling pump and gas pump group continuous firing；
It is drilled a single drill pipe or drilling well column, when carrying out the preparation piercing next single drill pipe or drilling well column, makes drilling pump be injected by drilling fluid and switch to described liquid injection pipe；
Complete to pierce the preparation of next single drill pipe or drilling well column, make described drilling pump be injected by drilling fluid and switch to drill string.
Preferably, under enter protective casing, described protective casing outside lower enter air injection pipe, liquid injection pipe, and cement the well, Hou Ning；Described protective casing is bored plug so that it is connect with described air injection pipe, described liquid injection pipe respectively.
Preferably, described air injection pipe extremely described protective casing one-way conduction；Described liquid injection pipe is described protective casing one-way conduction extremely.
Preferably, described drilling fluid is clear water.
Preferably, the gas of described gas injection is air or nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
The present invention also provides for a kind of under balance pressure drilling system for coal bed gas, including drilling pump, gas pump group and protective casing, also includes being arranged at the air injection pipe outside described protective casing and liquid injection pipe；Described air injection pipe and described liquid injection pipe are respectively communicated with described protective casing；
Drilling fluid can be injected drill string by described drilling pump, or injects described liquid injection pipe；
Described gas pump group can gas injection extremely described air injection pipe.
Preferably, described protective casing is provided with from described air injection pipe to the first linker of described protective casing one-way conduction, and from described liquid injection pipe to the second linker of described protective casing one-way conduction.
Preferably, described drilling well delivery side of pump is provided with reversal valve, and described reversal valve controls described drilling pump and connects with the cavity of single drill pipe or drilling well column, or connects with described liquid injection pipe.
Under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas provided by the invention, it is possible to realize continuous underbalance and creep into, and keep the lasting cleaning of bore passage, effectively prevent the generation of sand setting lock of tool drilling.In concrete scheme, protective casing is outside equipped with the air injection pipe and liquid injection pipe that connect with in it；It is being drilled a single drill pipe or drilling well column, when carrying out the preparation piercing next single drill pipe or drilling well column, drilling pump can be made to inject drilling fluid in liquid injection pipe, make gas pump group continue gas injection in protective casing by air injection pipe simultaneously, the gas mixing of drilling fluid and injection, forming biphase gas and liquid flow, still the impurity such as portability landwaste sandstone flows out well head；That is, non-creep under state, gas pump group and creep into pump also continuous firing, the purification to bore passage still can be kept by liquid injection pipe fluid injection and air injection pipe gas injection, avoid in background technology, when making up a joint cannot the sand setting lock of tool drilling that causes of fluid injection, can continue to keep uniform Under-balanced Downhole Pressure simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of a kind of detailed description of the invention of the under balance pressure drilling method for coal bed gas provided by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of a kind of detailed description of the invention of the under balance pressure drilling system for coal bed gas provided by the present invention.
In Fig. 2:
Gas pump group 10, circulating tank 20, fluid reservoir 30, drilling pump 40, reversal valve 41, liquid injection pipe 50, air injection pipe 60, protective casing 70, single drill pipe or drilling well column 80.
Detailed description of the invention
The core of the present invention is to provide a kind of under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas, and the method and system are capable of continuous underbalance and creep into, and keeps the lasting cleaning of bore passage, effectively prevents the generation of sand setting lock of tool drilling.
In order to make those skilled in the art be more fully understood that the present invention program, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.For ease of understanding and describing succinct, illustrating below in conjunction with the under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas, beneficial effect is not repeated to discuss.
Underbalance drilling method for coal bed gas provided by the invention, comprises the steps:
Under enter protective casing, outside described protective casing arrange connect with in it air injection pipe, liquid injection pipe；
Enter after setting up underbalance by described air injection pipe after target zone, drilling pump and gas pump group continuous firing；
It is drilled a single drill pipe or drilling well column, when carrying out the preparation piercing next single drill pipe or drilling well column, makes drilling pump be injected by drilling fluid and switch to described liquid injection pipe；
Complete to pierce the preparation of next single drill pipe or drilling well column, make described drilling pump be injected by drilling fluid and switch to drill string.
Under balance pressure drilling system for coal bed gas provided by the invention, including drilling pump, gas pump group and protective casing, also includes being arranged at the air injection pipe outside described protective casing and liquid injection pipe；Described air injection pipe and described liquid injection pipe are respectively communicated with described protective casing；
Drilling fluid can be injected drill string by described drilling pump, or injects described liquid injection pipe；
Described gas pump group can gas injection extremely described air injection pipe.
Compared with background technology, this under balance pressure drilling method and system, when making up a joint, by liquid injection pipe fluid injection with remain to air injection pipe gas injection keep purification to bore passage, it is prevented that the generation of sand setting lock of tool drilling.
Refer to the schematic flow sheet of a kind of detailed description of the invention that Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 1 are the under balance pressure drilling method for coal bed gas provided by the present invention；Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of a kind of detailed description of the invention of the under balance pressure drilling system for coal bed gas provided by the present invention.
In this embodiment, for the under balance pressure drilling method of coal bed gas, comprise the steps:
S10, complete the drillng operation of horizontal well vertical section and inclination section；
Under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas provided by the invention, for the drillng operation of coal bed gas horizontal well horizontal segment, so before carrying out the drillng operation of horizontal segment, should first complete the drillng operation of horizontal well vertical section and inclination section.
S20, under enter protective casing 70, protective casing 70 outside lower enter air injection pipe 60 and liquid injection pipe 50, and cement the well, Hou Ning；
Protective casing 70 can play isolation stratum and the effect of protection well bore, it is also ensured that to well successfully drilling well, it is ensured that the safety of drilling well coal seam reservoirs.
S30, to protective casing 70 bore plug, make protective casing 70 connect with air injection pipe 60, liquid injection pipe 50 respectively；
In well cementing operation in step S20, have cement plug and stay in protective casing 70, before carrying out next step operation, it is necessary to will be left in the cement plug in protective casing 70 and bore, and make protective casing 70 connect with air injection pipe 60, liquid injection pipe 50 respectively.
Under balance pressure drilling system for coal bed gas provided by the invention includes protective casing 70 and the air injection pipe 60 being arranged at outside protective casing 70 and liquid injection pipe 50, and wherein, air injection pipe 60 and liquid injection pipe 50 are respectively communicated with protective casing 70.
S40, unlatching gas pump group 10, by air injection pipe 60 to protective casing 70 gas injection；Gas injection Preset Time, opens drilling pump 40, drilling fluid is injected drill string, starts to creep into；
After opening gas pump group 10, gas pump group 10 injects gas in air injection pipe 60, owing to air injection pipe 60 connects with protective casing 70, can enter in protective casing 70 so injecting gas, continual gas injection, gas can drive the drilling fluid in pit shaft to flow to well head direction, that is, by part drilling fluid in the replaceable pit shaft of gas injection, reduce the equal yield density in pit shaft, gas injection Preset Time, in pit shaft, gas and drilling fluid reach dynamic equilibrium, open drilling pump 40, drilling fluid is injected drill string, start to creep into, in the process, gas pump group 10 is always maintained at gas injection state.
In concrete scheme, when gas injection to well head has gas to return out, open drilling pump 40.Gas pump group 10 gas injection continuously, gas can promote drilling fluid to flow to well head direction, when observing that well head has gas to return out, it is believed that now in pit shaft, gas and drilling fluid reach balance, that can open drilling pump 40, beginning single drill pipe or drilling well column 80 creeps into work.Gas returns out well head and is easier to observation, gas injection can be avoided not enough or too much, operation is crept in impact.
Wherein, single drill pipe or drilling well column 80 have cavity, drilling fluid is injected this cavity by drilling pump 40, drilling fluid can flow to the horizontal segment end of horizontal well at that time along this cavity, after arriving the end, drilling fluid turns back dynamic from the annular space formed between single drill pipe or drilling well column 80 and pit shaft to backflow, thus washing away the impurity such as the landwaste, the sandstone that are formed in drilling process；Owing to gas pump group 10 constantly injects gas in protective casing 70, this gas and the drilling fluid mixed carrying impurity secretly, form biphase gas and liquid flow, after this biphase gas and liquid flow carries impurity secretly, its density is less than the density of the drilling fluid carrying impurity secretly, thus maintaining bottom pressure in safety range, implementing underbalance and creeping into.
Correspondingly, in this embodiment, described under balance pressure drilling system also includes gas pump group 10 and drilling pump 40, this gas pump group 10 can gas injection to air injection pipe 60, drilling fluid can be injected drill string by this drilling pump 40, or injects liquid injection pipe 50.
S50, it is drilled a single drill pipe or drilling well column 80, when carrying out the preparation piercing next single drill pipe or drilling well column 80, makes drilling pump 40 that drilling fluid to inject liquid injection pipe 50；
It is being drilled a single drill pipe or drilling well column is after 80s, it is necessary to access next single drill pipe or drilling well column 80 could continue creeping into of carrying out horizontal well horizontal segment.In accessing the process of next single drill pipe or drilling well column 80, it is necessary to one section of preparation, in this preparation period, drilling fluid cannot be injected drill string by drilling pump 40, now, can make drilling pump 40 that drilling fluid injects liquid injection pipe 50.
Owing to liquid injection pipe 50 connects with protective casing 70, so the drilling fluid injected by liquid injection pipe 50 can be mixed to form biphase gas and liquid flow with the gas injected by air injection pipe 60, the impurity such as landwaste, sandstone can be carried equally secretly and flow to well head, thereby it can be assured that also be able to when making up a joint bore passage is cleaned.
S60, complete to pierce the preparation of next single drill pipe or drilling well column 80, make drilling pump 40 that drilling fluid to inject drill string, and continue to creep into；
After completing preparation, drilling fluid re-injects drill string, after arriving the horizontal segment end of horizontal well at that time, mixes with the air of injection technique sleeve pipe 70, forms biphase gas and liquid flow, carries impurity secretly and flows out well head.
So, no matter it is the drilling process of single drill pipe or drilling well column 80 or makes up a joint all have working media and the biphase gas and liquid flow of circulation continuously, clean bore passage continuously, effectively prevent the generation of sand setting lock of tool drilling.
S70, repetition step S50 and S60, until completing the whole horizontal segment drillng operation of horizontal well.
Compared with the phost line gas injection Unbalance technique in background technology, under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas provided by the invention, the process of making up a joint also is able to gas injection simultaneously and fluid injection, guaranteeing in whole drilling process can wellbore clearance passage continuously, prevent the generation of sand setting lock of tool drilling, safeguard that keeping uniform bottom pressure to implement underbalance creeps into simultaneously.
Further, for avoiding the gas and drilling fluid return, air injection pipe 60 to protective casing 70 one-way conduction, liquid injection pipe 50 to protective casing 70 one-way conduction that inject.
In concrete scheme, protective casing 70 is provided with from air injection pipe 60 to the first linker of protective casing 70 one-way conduction, and from liquid injection pipe 50 to the second linker of protective casing 70 one-way conduction.Described first linker and described second linker all can adopt check valve, easy to be reliable.
In concrete scheme, described drilling fluid is clear water.Easy to use, less costly.Certainly, also can be selected for mud or free clay phase flushing liquor etc. according to practical situation as drilling fluid.
In concrete scheme, the gas of described gas injection can be air, easy to use and with low cost.Certainly, the gas of described gas injection may be used without the gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
In this embodiment, drilling pump 40 outlet of described under balance pressure drilling system is provided with reversal valve 41, drilling pump 40 can be made to connect with drill string by the switching of this reversal valve 41, or connect with liquid injection pipe 50.By the switching control drilling pump 40 of reversal valve 41, drilling fluid is injected drill string or injection liquid injection pipe 50, control easy, and make the simple in construction of under balance pressure drilling system, safeguard more convenient.
Certainly, it is possible to two drilling pumps 40 are set, connect with drill string, liquid injection pipe 50 respectively.When creeping into single drill pipe or drilling well column 80, open the drilling pump 40 connected with drill string, close the drilling pump 40 connected with liquid injection pipe 50；When making up a joint, close the drilling pump 40 connected with drill string, open the drilling pump 40 connected with liquid injection pipe 50；So, it is possible to guarantee that in the whole drilling process of horizontal well horizontal segment, bore passage obtains continual purification.Compared with aforementioned schemes, the program need to arrange two drilling pumps 40, and structure is complex, actual can preferred aforementioned schemes when arranging.
Additionally, described under balance pressure drilling system also includes circulating tank 20 and fluid reservoir 30；Wherein, circulating tank 20 is connected with drilling pump 40, supplementing for drilling fluid；Fluid reservoir 30 side is connected with horizontal well well head, and opposite side is connected with circulating tank 20, and the biphase gas and liquid flow returning well head can store to fluid reservoir 30 through the liquid filtered, and is supplemented to circulating tank 20 by fluid reservoir 30, reduces waste.
Above the under balance pressure drilling method and system for coal bed gas provided by the present invention are all described in detail.Principles of the invention and embodiment are set forth by specific case used herein, and the explanation of above example is only intended to help to understand method and the core concept thereof of the present invention.It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to the present invention carries out some improvement and modification, these improve and modify in the protection domain also falling into the claims in the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the under balance pressure drilling method for coal bed gas, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Under enter protective casing, outside described protective casing arrange connect with in it air injection pipe, liquid injection pipe；
Enter after setting up underbalance by described air injection pipe after target zone, drilling pump and gas pump group continuous firing；
It is drilled a single drill pipe or drilling well column, when carrying out the preparation piercing next single drill pipe or drilling well column, makes drilling pump be injected by drilling fluid and switch to described liquid injection pipe；
Complete to pierce the preparation of next single drill pipe or drilling well column, make described drilling pump be injected by drilling fluid and switch to drill string.
2. the under balance pressure drilling method for coal bed gas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that under enter protective casing, described protective casing outside lower enter air injection pipe, liquid injection pipe, and cement the well, Hou Ning；Described protective casing is bored plug so that it is connect with described air injection pipe, described liquid injection pipe respectively.
3. the under balance pressure drilling method for coal bed gas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described air injection pipe is described protective casing one-way conduction extremely；Described liquid injection pipe is described protective casing one-way conduction extremely.
4. the under balance pressure drilling method for coal bed gas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described drilling fluid is clear water.
5. according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for the under balance pressure drilling method of coal bed gas, it is characterised in that the gas of described gas injection is air or nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
6. for a under balance pressure drilling system for coal bed gas, including drilling pump, gas pump group and protective casing, it is characterised in that also include being arranged at the air injection pipe outside described protective casing and liquid injection pipe；Described air injection pipe and described liquid injection pipe are respectively communicated with described protective casing；
Drilling fluid can be injected drill string by described drilling pump, or injects described liquid injection pipe；
Described gas pump group can gas injection extremely described air injection pipe.
7. the under balance pressure drilling system for coal bed gas according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described protective casing is provided with from described air injection pipe to the first linker of described protective casing one-way conduction, and from described liquid injection pipe to the second linker of described protective casing one-way conduction.
8. the under balance pressure drilling system for coal bed gas according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described drilling well delivery side of pump is provided with reversal valve, described reversal valve controls described drilling pump and drill string, or connects with described liquid injection pipe.
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