CN103993199A - Ti-Nb-xB-system high damping alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ti-Nb-xB-system high damping alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金，用电弧熔炼方法制备得到，基本步骤是：将钛板切割成小块，铌丝截成小段，硼粉末压成小圆片；去除金属表面油渍；去除金属表面氧化皮；按照Ti-25Nb-xB(at％)(x＝0.5，1，1.5，2)的配比称量；将称量好的原料放入水冷坩埚中进行电弧熔炼，反复熔炼5次，得到纽扣合金锭；将制备好的合金锭切割并进行组织观察和性能测试。本发明合金中硼原子作为Snoek弛豫效应中的小半径间隙原子更易添加至相应的高阻尼钛合金中，可以取代C、N、O等原子成为新的间隙原子。B元素的添加量对合金的力学性能影响较大，随着B元素的增加，合金的屈服强度出现降低，但随后出现应变强化，塑性变形量有一定的增加。The invention discloses a Ti-Nb-xB system high-damping alloy, which is prepared by an arc melting method. The basic steps are: cutting the titanium plate into small pieces, cutting the niobium wire into small pieces, and pressing the boron powder into small discs; Oil stains on the metal surface; remove the scale on the metal surface; weigh according to the ratio of Ti-25Nb-xB (at%) (x=0.5, 1, 1.5, 2); put the weighed raw materials into a water-cooled crucible for electric arc Melting, repeated smelting 5 times, to obtain button alloy ingots; cut the prepared alloy ingots and conduct structure observation and performance testing. The boron atoms in the alloy of the present invention, as small-radius interstitial atoms in the Snoek relaxation effect, are more easily added to corresponding high-damping titanium alloys, and can replace atoms such as C, N, and O to become new interstitial atoms. The addition of B element has a great influence on the mechanical properties of the alloy. With the increase of B element, the yield strength of the alloy decreases, but then strain strengthening occurs, and the plastic deformation increases to a certain extent.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于Snoek型高阻尼钛合金领域，涉及用电弧熔炼方法制备一种B代替C、N、O等元素参与钛合金弛豫过程的新体系合金。The invention belongs to the field of Snoek type high-damping titanium alloys, and relates to the preparation of a new system alloy in which B replaces C, N, O and other elements to participate in the relaxation process of titanium alloys by using an arc melting method.
背景技术Background technique
随着科学技术的不断进步，在工业部门中对机器的运行速度、精度和寿命的要求越来越高，很多零部件也因为振动等原因显著影响系统性能的提高。在军事领域中，振动、噪声严重影响到系统的隐蔽性，这些原因都导致好多军事装备被发现，比如潜艇和侦察机等等。在日常生活中，随着建筑领域的发展，无论是楼房还是桥梁之类的建筑物都是越建越高，地震和台风等自然灾害对这些结构的破坏作用就越来越凸显。于是，人们迫切需要高性能的新型阻尼材料才填补这些领域的不足，主要是用于减振降噪方面的阻尼性能和力学性能都可控的高阻尼材料，于是开发新型的高阻尼材料成为当下的重中之重。With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the requirements for the operating speed, precision and life of the machine in the industrial sector are getting higher and higher, and many components also significantly affect the improvement of system performance due to vibration and other reasons. In the military field, vibration and noise seriously affect the concealment of the system. These reasons have led to the discovery of many military equipment, such as submarines and reconnaissance aircraft. In daily life, with the development of the construction field, buildings such as buildings and bridges are built higher and higher, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons have more and more destructive effects on these structures. Therefore, people urgently need new high-performance damping materials to fill the deficiencies in these fields, mainly for high-damping materials with controllable damping performance and mechanical properties in terms of vibration and noise reduction, so the development of new high-damping materials has become the current top priority.
选择Snoek型高阻尼钛合金作为研究对象主要是基于下列基本条件：The selection of Snoek type high damping titanium alloy as the research object is mainly based on the following basic conditions:
一、高阻尼钛合金具有足够的阻尼值和较宽的峰温范围，能使合金的性能更加适合使用的环境。1. High damping titanium alloy has sufficient damping value and wide peak temperature range, which can make the performance of the alloy more suitable for the environment in which it is used.
二、钛合金在温度较高时晶体结构是β相，稳定β相组织的体心立方结构能保证间隙原子在外部应力作用下的扩散和再分布，同时，β相钛合金也具有良好的力学性能，较高的耐热稳定性能。2. The crystal structure of titanium alloy is β phase when the temperature is high, and the body-centered cubic structure of stable β phase organization can ensure the diffusion and redistribution of interstitial atoms under external stress. At the same time, β phase titanium alloy also has good mechanical properties. Performance, high heat resistance and stability.
Snoek弛豫效应被发现至今已经有许多年的历史，人们也相继在二元和三元合金体系中观察到这一现象，但是对于这一理论的研究还不足，不同的学者对于Snoek弛豫过程的一些物理参数之间的关系没有给出统一的解释，不同人有不同的看法。对于产生弛豫过程的小半径间隙原子的考察也不充足，早在多年前就有学者报导过作为间隙原子的元素有C、N、O等元素，可能还有B。但是后来发现的Snoek弛豫理论中，产生弛豫的小半径原子C、N和O等相继被发现，对于B可否作为间隙原子参与弛豫过程尚未见报导，因此我们需要进行新体系的研发，制备Ti-Nb-B体系合金，考察B作为小半径间隙原子对Snoek弛豫过程的影响，弥补现有阻尼合金的不足以及开发具有良好性能的高阻尼合金体系。The Snoek relaxation effect has been discovered for many years. People have also observed this phenomenon in the binary and ternary alloy systems, but the research on this theory is not enough. Different scholars have studied the Snoek relaxation process. The relationship between some physical parameters has not been given a unified explanation, and different people have different opinions. The investigation of the small-radius interstitial atoms that produce the relaxation process is not sufficient. As early as many years ago, some scholars reported that the elements used as interstitial atoms include C, N, O and other elements, and possibly B. However, in the Snoek relaxation theory discovered later, the small-radius atoms C, N, and O that produce relaxation have been discovered one after another. Whether B can participate in the relaxation process as an interstitial atom has not been reported, so we need to develop a new system. Prepare Ti-Nb-B system alloys, investigate the effect of B as a small-radius interstitial atom on the Snoek relaxation process, make up for the shortcomings of existing damping alloys and develop high-damping alloy systems with good performance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现状，本发明提供了一种采用电弧熔炼的方法制备以B作为间隙原子参与钛合金Snoek弛豫过程的新Ti-Nb-B体系合金，初步探索B元素对Snoek弛豫过程的贡献。In view of the above-mentioned status quo, the present invention provides a new Ti-Nb-B system alloy that uses B as interstitial atoms to participate in the Snoek relaxation process of titanium alloys by using an arc melting method, and initially explores the contribution of B element to the Snoek relaxation process.
本发明一种Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金，具有以下分子式组成：Ti-25Nb-xB(at％)，其中，x＝0.5～2；并采用电弧熔炼方法制备获得。The invention is a Ti-Nb-xB system high-damping alloy, which has the following molecular formula: Ti-25Nb-xB (at%), wherein, x=0.5-2; and is prepared by an arc melting method.
所述Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金的分子式可以为Ti-25Nb-0.5B、Ti-25Nb-1B、Ti-25Nb-1.5B和Ti-25Nb-2.0B中的一种。The molecular formula of the Ti-Nb-xB system high damping alloy may be one of Ti-25Nb-0.5B, Ti-25Nb-1B, Ti-25Nb-1.5B and Ti-25Nb-2.0B.
本发明Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of Ti-Nb-xB system high damping alloy of the present invention comprises the following steps:
步骤一、取钛金属块和铌金属丝段，并将硼粉末压成圆片备用；Step 1, taking titanium metal block and niobium metal wire segment, and pressing boron powder into discs for later use;
步骤二、去除钛和铌金属表面油渍：分别用50％浓度的丙酮浸泡钛金属块和铌金属丝段8h以上，在超声波清洗机中进行清洗，然后用酒精清洗干净；Step 2. Remove oil stains on titanium and niobium metal surfaces: Soak titanium metal block and niobium metal wire segment with 50% acetone respectively for more than 8 hours, clean them in an ultrasonic cleaner, and then clean them with alcohol;
步骤三、去除钛和铌金属表面氧化皮：用重量比例为HF:HNO3:H2O＝1:2:47的清洗液分别对钛金属块和铌金属丝段进行酸洗2min，然后用酒精进行超声清洗；Step 3, removal of titanium and niobium metal surface oxide skin: the titanium metal block and the niobium metal wire segment are pickled for 2 minutes with a cleaning solution with a weight ratio of HF:HNO 3 :H 2 O=1:2:47, and then Alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning;
步骤四、按照原子百分比为Ti-25Nb-xB，其中x＝0.5～2的配比对钛金属块、铌金属丝段和硼粉末进行称量；Step 4, according to the ratio of Ti-25Nb-xB in atomic percentage, wherein x=0.5～2, the titanium metal block, the niobium metal wire segment and the boron powder are weighed;
步骤五、将上述称量好的各组分放入水冷坩埚中进行电弧熔炼，反复熔炼5次，得到分子式为Ti-25Nb-xB的高阻尼合金锭，其中，x＝0.5～2。Step 5. Put the above weighed components into a water-cooled crucible for arc melting, and repeat the melting 5 times to obtain a high damping alloy ingot with molecular formula Ti-25Nb-xB, where x=0.5-2.
本发明制备方法中采用电弧熔炼的方法对原料进行反复熔炼，使得各种元素进行充分扩散，获得致密的、组织均匀的Ti-Nb-xB体系合金。通过对本发明获得的Ti-25Nb-xB的高阻尼合金锭切割并进行组织观察和性能测试后，可得：本发明Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金中硼原子作为Snoek弛豫效应中的小半径间隙原子更易添加至相应的高阻尼钛合金中，可以取代C、N、O等原子成为新的间隙原子。随着B含量的增加，合金的强度有一定程度的降低，但是峰值和动态储能模量都出现升高，出现多峰现象。In the preparation method of the present invention, the arc smelting method is adopted to repeatedly smelt the raw materials, so that various elements are fully diffused, and a dense and uniform Ti-Nb-xB system alloy is obtained. After cutting the high damping alloy ingot of Ti-25Nb-xB obtained by the present invention and conducting structure observation and performance testing, it can be obtained that the boron atom in the Ti-Nb-xB system high damping alloy of the present invention acts as a small element in the Snoek relaxation effect Radius interstitial atoms are more easily added to the corresponding high-damping titanium alloys, and can replace atoms such as C, N, and O to become new interstitial atoms. With the increase of B content, the strength of the alloy decreases to a certain extent, but the peak value and dynamic storage modulus both increase, showing multi-peak phenomenon.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明制备方法获得的Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金的X射线衍射图谱，其中，(a)示出的是Ti-25Nb-0.5B，(b)示出的是Ti-25Nb-1B，(c)示出的是Ti-25Nb-1.5B，(ｄ)示出的是Ti-25Nb-2B；Fig. 1 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the Ti-Nb-xB system high damping alloy obtained by the preparation method of the present invention, wherein, (a) shows Ti-25Nb-0.5B, and (b) shows Ti-25Nb -1B, (c) shows Ti-25Nb-1.5B, (d) shows Ti-25Nb-2B;
图2为本发明制备方法获得的Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金在不同频率下的Snoek弛豫峰随着温度的变化曲线，(a)Ti-25Nb-0.5B(b)Ti-25Nb-2B；Fig. 2 is the Ti-Nb-xB system high-damping alloy obtained by the preparation method of the present invention, the Snoek relaxation peak varying with temperature at different frequencies, (a) Ti-25Nb-0.5B (b) Ti-25Nb- 2B;
图3为本发明制备方法获得的Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金的室温压缩应力-应变曲线，其中(a)示出的是Ti-25Nb-0.5B，(b)示出的是Ti-25Nb-1B，(ｃ)示出的是Ti-25Nb-1.5B，(ｄ)示出的是Ti-25Nb-2B；Figure 3 is the room temperature compressive stress-strain curve of the Ti-Nb-xB system high damping alloy obtained by the preparation method of the present invention, wherein (a) shows Ti-25Nb-0.5B, (b) shows Ti- 25Nb-1B, (c) shows Ti-25Nb-1.5B, (d) shows Ti-25Nb-2B;
图4为本发明制备方法获得的Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金的金相组织，其中，(a)示出的是Ti-25Nb-0.5B，(b)示出的是Ti-25Nb-1B，(ｃ)示出的是Ti-25Nb-1.5B，(ｄ)示出的是Ti-25Nb-2B；Figure 4 is the metallographic structure of the Ti-Nb-xB system high damping alloy obtained by the preparation method of the present invention, wherein (a) shows Ti-25Nb-0.5B, (b) shows Ti-25Nb- 1B, (c) shows Ti-25Nb-1.5B, (d) shows Ti-25Nb-2B;
图5为本发明制备方法获得的铸态Ti-25Nb-2B合金的SEM组织。Fig. 5 is the SEM structure of the as-cast Ti-25Nb-2B alloy obtained by the preparation method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
采用电弧熔炼的方法制备Ti-Nb-xB(at％)(x＝0.5,1,1.5,2)体系合金。Ti-Nb-xB(at%)(x=0.5,1,1.5,2) system alloys were prepared by arc melting.
实施例1：Example 1:
采用电弧熔炼方法制备Ti-25Nb-0.5B合金Preparation of Ti-25Nb-0.5B Alloy by Arc Melting
步骤一、将钛板切割成小块，铌丝截成小段，硼粉压成Φ5mm的小圆片。Step 1: Cut the titanium plate into small pieces, cut the niobium wire into small pieces, and press the boron powder into small discs of Φ5mm.
步骤二、去除金属表面油渍：用50％浓度的丙酮浸泡切好的钛块8h以上，在超声波清洗机中进行清洗，然后用酒精清洗干净即可。Step 2. Remove oil stains on the metal surface: Soak the cut titanium block with 50% acetone for more than 8 hours, clean it in an ultrasonic cleaner, and then clean it with alcohol.
步骤三、去除金属表面氧化皮：用比例为HF:HNO3:H2O＝1:2:47的清洗液进行酸洗2min，然后用酒精进行超声清洗。Step 3. Removal of scale on the metal surface: pickling with a cleaning solution with a ratio of HF:HNO 3 :H 2 O=1:2:47 for 2 minutes, and then ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol.
步骤四、按照Ti-25Nb-0.5B(at％)的配比对原料进行称量。Step 4, weighing the raw materials according to the ratio of Ti-25Nb-0.5B (at%).
步骤五、将称量好的原料放入水冷坩埚中进行电弧熔炼，反复熔炼5次，得到一纽扣合金锭。Step 5: Put the weighed raw materials into a water-cooled crucible for arc melting, and repeat the melting 5 times to obtain a button alloy ingot.
对上述实施例1获得的合金锭进行试样处理，获得符合测试要求的XRD衍射试样、阻尼试样和压缩试样。阻尼性能测试在TA-Q800型动态力学分析仪(DMA)上进行，测试条件见表1。除DMA测试之外，对经过抛光的试样腐蚀处理，进行微观组织观察和分析。Sample treatment was performed on the alloy ingot obtained in Example 1 above to obtain XRD diffraction samples, damping samples and compression samples that meet the test requirements. The damping performance test is carried out on a TA-Q800 dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and the test conditions are shown in Table 1. In addition to the DMA test, the polished samples were corroded for microstructure observation and analysis.
表1DMA测试条件选择Table 1 DMA test condition selection
对试样进行测试，XRD实验结果见图1中的(a)，阻尼性能测试在TA-Q800型动态力学分析仪(DMA)上进行，测试条件见表1，实施例1合金的阻尼性能见图2中的(a)，压缩得到应力-应变曲线见图3中的(a)，显微组织见图4中的(a)。The sample is tested, the XRD experimental results are shown in (a) in Figure 1, the damping performance test is carried out on a TA-Q800 type dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), the test conditions are shown in Table 1, and the damping performance of the alloy in Example 1 is shown in (a) in Figure 2, the stress-strain curve obtained by compression is shown in (a) in Figure 3, and the microstructure is shown in (a) in Figure 4.
实施例2：Example 2:
采用电弧熔炼方法制备Ti-25Nb-1B合金，与上述实施例1的不同之处仅为步骤三是按照Ti-25Nb-1B(at％)的配比对原料进行称量。The Ti-25Nb-1B alloy was prepared by an arc melting method, and the difference from the above-mentioned Example 1 is that the third step is to weigh the raw materials according to the proportion of Ti-25Nb-1B (at%).
对实施例2获得的合金锭进行试样处理与测试：对试样进行处理，获得符合测试要求的XRD衍射试样、阻尼试样和压缩试样。对试样进行测试，XRD实验结果见图1中的(b)，压缩得到应力-应变曲线见图3中的(b)，显微组织见图4中的(b)。Sample processing and testing were performed on the alloy ingot obtained in Example 2: the sample was processed to obtain XRD diffraction samples, damping samples and compression samples that met the test requirements. The sample was tested, and the XRD experimental results are shown in (b) in Figure 1, the stress-strain curve obtained by compression is shown in (b) in Figure 3, and the microstructure is shown in (b) in Figure 4.
实施例3：Example 3:
采用电弧熔炼方法制备Ti-25Nb-1.5B合金，与上述实施例1的不同之处仅为步骤三是按照Ti-25Nb-1.5B(at％)的配比对原料进行称量。The Ti-25Nb-1.5B alloy was prepared by an arc melting method, and the difference from the above-mentioned Example 1 is that the third step is to weigh the raw materials according to the proportion of Ti-25Nb-1.5B (at%).
对实施例3获得的合金锭进行试样处理与测试：对试样进行处理，获得符合测试要求的XRD衍射试样、阻尼试样和压缩试样。对试样进行测试，XRD实验结果见图1中的(c)，压缩得到应力-应变曲线见图3中的(c)，显微组织见图4中的(c)。Sample processing and testing were performed on the alloy ingot obtained in Example 3: the sample was processed to obtain XRD diffraction samples, damping samples and compression samples that met the test requirements. The sample was tested, and the XRD experimental results are shown in (c) in Figure 1, the stress-strain curve obtained by compression is shown in (c) in Figure 3, and the microstructure is shown in (c) in Figure 4.
实施例4：Example 4:
采用电弧熔炼方法制备Ti-25Nb-2B合金，与上述实施例1的不同之处仅为步骤三是按照Ti-25Nb-2.0B(at％)的配比对原料进行称量。The Ti-25Nb-2B alloy was prepared by an arc melting method, and the difference from the above-mentioned Example 1 was that the third step was to weigh the raw materials according to the proportion of Ti-25Nb-2.0B (at%).
对实施例4获得的合金锭进行试样处理与测试：对试样进行处理，获得符合测试要求的XRD衍射试样、阻尼试样和压缩试样。XRD实验结果见图1中的(d)，合金的阻尼性能见图2中的(b)，压缩得到应力-应变曲线见图3中的(d)，显微组织见图4中的(d)，SEM组织见图5，表2示出了图5中的针状析出物含有Ti、Nb、B三种元素，由于Ti和Nb是形成固溶体，所以确定针状析出物为(Ti、Nb)2B5。Sample processing and testing were performed on the alloy ingot obtained in Example 4: the sample was processed to obtain XRD diffraction samples, damping samples and compression samples that met the test requirements. See (d) in Figure 1 for the XRD test results, see (b) in Figure 2 for the damping performance of the alloy, see (d) in Figure 3 for the stress-strain curve obtained by compression, and see (d) in Figure 4 for the microstructure ), the SEM structure is shown in Figure 5, and Table 2 shows that the needle-shaped precipitates in Figure 5 contain three elements: Ti, Nb, and B. Since Ti and Nb form a solid solution, it is determined that the needle-shaped precipitates are (Ti, Nb ) 2 B 5 .
表2Table 2
通过对上述实施例1-4测试结果的分析表明，随着B元素的增加，合金晶粒变得细小，当B含量为2.0时晶界有第二相析出，通过XRD分析以及标准PDF卡片对比可知析出相为TiB和Ti2B5；随着B元素的增加，合金的储能模量越来越高，峰值从B含量为0.5时的0.015左右上升到0.025左右，当B含量为2.0时400K左右的Snoek弛豫峰呈现双峰状态；B元素的添加量对合金的力学性能影响较大，随着B元素的增加，合金的屈服强度出现降低，但随后出现应变强化，塑性变形量有一定的增加。其中B元素添加量为1.0时比较异常，原因是熔炼不均匀所致。The analysis of the test results of the above examples 1-4 shows that with the increase of the B element, the alloy grains become finer, and when the B content is 2.0, the grain boundary has a second phase precipitation, through XRD analysis and standard PDF card comparison It can be seen that the precipitated phases are TiB and Ti 2 B 5 ; with the increase of B element, the storage modulus of the alloy is getting higher and higher, and the peak value rises from about 0.015 when the B content is 0.5 to about 0.025, and when the B content is 2.0 The Snoek relaxation peak at around 400K presents a double-peak state; the addition of B element has a great influence on the mechanical properties of the alloy. With the increase of B element, the yield strength of the alloy decreases, but then there is strain strengthening, and the amount of plastic deformation decreases. A certain increase. Among them, when the addition amount of B element is 1.0, it is abnormal, which is caused by uneven smelting.
综上，本发明制备方法中采用电弧熔炼的方法对原料进行反复熔炼，使得各种元素进行充分扩散，获得致密的、组织均匀的Ti-Nb-xB体系合金。通过对本发明获得的Ti-25Nb-xB的高阻尼合金锭切割并进行组织观察和性能测试后，可得：本发明Ti-Nb-xB体系高阻尼合金中硼原子作为Snoek弛豫效应中的小半径间隙原子更易添加至相应的高阻尼钛合金中，可以取代C、N、O等原子成为新的间隙原子。随着B含量的增加，合金的强度有一定程度的降低，但是峰值和动态储能模量都出现升高，出现多峰现象。To sum up, in the preparation method of the present invention, the arc melting method is used to repeatedly smelt the raw materials, so that various elements can be fully diffused, and a dense and uniform Ti-Nb-xB system alloy can be obtained. After cutting the high damping alloy ingot of Ti-25Nb-xB obtained by the present invention and conducting structure observation and performance testing, it can be obtained that the boron atom in the Ti-Nb-xB system high damping alloy of the present invention acts as a small element in the Snoek relaxation effect Radius interstitial atoms are more easily added to the corresponding high-damping titanium alloys, and can replace atoms such as C, N, and O to become new interstitial atoms. With the increase of B content, the strength of the alloy decreases to a certain extent, but the peak value and dynamic storage modulus both increase, showing multi-peak phenomenon.
尽管上面结合图对本发明进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下，还可以作出很多变形，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。Although the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative, rather than restrictive. Under the inspiration, many modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.
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