CN103990320A - Composite filtering material, and production method and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite filtering material, and production method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103990320A CN103990320A CN201310051201.XA CN201310051201A CN103990320A CN 103990320 A CN103990320 A CN 103990320A CN 201310051201 A CN201310051201 A CN 201310051201A CN 103990320 A CN103990320 A CN 103990320A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite filtering material, and a production method and application thereof. The composite filtering material is composed of a dust-receiving layer and a base-cloth layer; the dust-receiving layer is a heat-resistant fiber net layer formed by heat-resistant fiber with a diameter of 10 nm-5 mu m; and the base-cloth layer is formed by woven fabric with the coverage coefficient of 2600 or more. The composite filtering material has the characteristics of high capturing efficiency, high tensile strength and capability of 100% filtering city atmosphere microparticles, and the production method is short in technological flow and high in production efficiency, and is applicable to preparation of flue-gas filtering bags.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite filter material and production method thereof and purposes.
Background technology
Present stage, the numerous length of its production procedure, comprised the technical process such as opener, combing, lapping, acupuncture for the most of Nomex that adopts of filtering material of high-temperature flue gas.In addition, for the filtering material of dust removal machine, be mainly reflected in its filtering surface, filtering surface plays the effect of trapping dust, and the fiber that forms filtering surface need to have thinner diameter.Its filtering surface of traditional filtering material adopts micro staple fiber lapping to form mostly, though can make filtrate reach good surface filtration, but superfine fibre is being followed the generation of fracture of wire, cotton knot phenomenon often through combing, when through acupuncture, fiber damaged is more simultaneously.
As Chinese publication CN102490417A discloses the preparation method that a kind of polyphenylene sulfide spun is stained with base needle fabric, the filtering surface of this invention is the non-woven webs that adopts spun-bond process to make, this fleece is that the fiber 30 microns of left and right forms by diameter, fiber is thicker, the arresting efficiency variation of filtering material, thus the strainability of filtering material affected.In addition, adopt spun-bond process to produce in fibre orientation process, spinning temperature is restive.
And for example Chinese publication CN102527158A discloses a kind of fire resistant filter material, this filtering material is that the fleece that made by method of electrostatic spinning is as meeting knoisphere, the fleece being made by needle point method is as fid, supporting material as fid cannot meet the high-temperature filter material requirement powerful to it, and the production procedure of fid is complicated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of arresting efficiency is high, tensile strength is high, and can 100% filter the atomic composite filter material of urban atmosphere.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the production method of the composite filter material that a kind of technological process is short, production efficiency is high.
Composite filter material of the present invention is by meeting knoisphere and base cloth layer forms, described in to meet knoisphere be to be the formed heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare of 10nm～5 μ m heat resistance fiber by diameter, described base cloth layer is formed by more than 2600 woven fabrics by coverage coefficient.If the diameter of heat resistance fiber is less than 10nm, the easily fluffing of fiber web layer surface making, as meeting knoisphere operability worsens, affects the arresting efficiency of filtering material, thereby affects the service life of filtering material; If the diameter of heat resistance fiber is greater than 5 μ m, the specific area of fiber web layer diminishes, and small pore is easily blocked, and deashing number of times increases, thereby shortens the service life of filtering material, filter effect variation.Above-mentioned base cloth layer is to be that more than 2600 woven fabric is formed by coverage coefficient, coverage coefficient reaction be through the tightness degree of broadwise in fabric, react intuitively the venting quality of filtering material, if coverage coefficient is lower than 2600, the venting quality of the filtering material making uprises, and affects arresting efficiency.In addition, the woven fabric as fid can meet the high-temperature filter material requirement powerful to it.
Above-mentioned heat resistance fiber is polyphenylene sulfide fibre or polytetrafluoroethylene fibre, because polyphenylene sulfide fibre and polytetrafluoroethylene fibre have good chemical stability and heat endurance, from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, preferably polyphenylene sulfide fibre, adopts polyphenylene sulfide fibre can access the filtering material with good heat resistance, chemical proofing and hydrolytic resistance.Therefore in addition, although the mechanical strength of polytetrafluoroethylene fibre is poorer than polyphenylene sulfide fibre, heat resistance and chemical proofing are good, during for harsh especially environment, preferably adopt polytetrafluoroethylene fibre.
The average pore size that formation the present invention meets the heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare of knoisphere is 0.1～10 μ m.If the average pore size of heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare is less than 0.1 μ m, in fiber web layer, small pore is easily blocked, and crushing improves, deashing number of times increases, thereby shortens the service life of filtering material; If the average pore size of heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare is greater than 10 μ m, aperture is thicker, and the filter effect on surface is poorer, thereby causes the arresting efficiency of filtering material lower.
Above-mentioned woven fabric is that the heat-resisting staple yarn that is 200～1500dtex by fiber number forms.If the fiber number of heat-resisting staple yarn is lower than 200dtex, as the woven fabric of fid, cannot meet the high-temperature filter material requirement powerful to it, and the woven face making is too smooth, is unfavorable for being combined with heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare; If the fiber number of heat-resisting staple yarn is greater than 1500dtex, very out-of-flatness of the woven face making, is also unfavorable for being combined with heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare.Above-mentioned heat-resisting staple yarn is polyphony thioether short fiber yarn or polytef flocks yarn, preferably polyphony thioether short fiber yarn.
The filoplume length of above-mentioned heat-resisting staple yarn is more than 2mm.The filoplume of heat resistance staple yarn can improve woven fabric and meet the adhesion of knoisphere, if filoplume length lower than 2mm, woven fabric reduces with the binding strength of meeting knoisphere, easily causes the phenomenon of layering, affects the service life of filtering material.
The tensile strength of composite filter material of the present invention is more than 1000N/5cm, and filtering material is used for a long time under high-temperature condition, also will be compressed the impact of air simultaneously, therefore requires filtering material will have certain intensity.
The grammes per square metre of composite filter material of the present invention is 200～500g ∕ m
2if grammes per square metre is greater than 500g/m
2, will increase cost; If grammes per square metre is less than 200 g/m
2, the intensity of reinforced textile does not reach requirement, and mechanical strength also cannot be met, and affects the service life of filtering material.
The production method of composite filter material of the present invention, comprise the following steps: (1) adopts heat-resisting short fiber to make the heat-resisting staple yarn that fiber number is 200～1500dtex, again the heat-resisting staple yarn making is in temperature that 80～100 ℃, humidity are 80～95%, the time is under 5～40min, to carry out thermal finalization processing, then weave, finally making coverage coefficient is more than 2600 woven fabrics;
(2) heat proof material microparticulate is formed in soluble solution to decentralized spinning solution, at room temperature adopt electrostatic spinning to prepare precursor the decentralized spinning solution of making again, and then after being processed to 30s～10min under the condition of 200～400 ℃, precursor removes polyvinyl alcohol matrix, finally making diameter is 10nm～5 μ m heat resistance fibers, piles up and forms heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare;
(3) above-mentioned heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare and woven fabric are carried out to heat bonding, heat bonding temperature is controlled at that the fusing point of heat resistance fiber is following, pressure is below 10MPa, finally makes composite filter material.
The relaxation that can accelerate the slow strain in yarn is processed in thermal finalization in above-mentioned steps (1), eliminates yarn internal stress, makes fiber molecule reach poised state, is conducive to the stable of yarn, and the contracting of turning round of subduing between yarn is wound around, and improves weaving efficiency.If heat setting temperature is less than 80 ℃, the time is shorter than 5min, yarn is not had to the effect of thermal finalization effect; If heat setting temperature is higher than 100 ℃, the time is longer than 40min, though can eliminate yarn turn round contracting phenomenon, yarn strength is declined, the brute force of the woven fabric making will decline, and finally will affect filtering material service life.If humidity is less than 80%, heat setting temperature and time lower, yarn is not had to the effect of thermal finalization effect; If humidity, higher than 95%, needs to improve setting temperature, extend shaping time, unfavorable to yarn strength.
Soluble solution in above-mentioned steps (2) is polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the decentralized spinning solution of making at room temperature adopts electrostatic spinning to prepare precursor, and then remove polyvinyl alcohol matrix after precursor is processed to 30s～10min under the condition of 200～400 ℃, obtain above-mentioned heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare.The temperature and time is here controlled according to the fusing point of heat proof material, and temperature need to, higher than the fusing point of heat proof material, make to occur to stick between fiber, and can remove matrix polymer at this temperature.The fibre diameter that adopts method of electrostatic spinning to make is more even, and can make the average diameter of fiber diminish, thereby the fiber web layer obtaining has higher specific area, make small pore be difficult for stopping up, reduce crushing, reduce deashing number of times, thereby extend the service life of filtrate.Under the large environment of ultramicron proportion, as the heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare of meeting knoisphere, can filter more tiny particulate, particularly can 100% filtration PM2.5 particulate.
The temperature of the heat bonding in above-mentioned steps (3) is by being determined by the character of the material of hot pressing at that time, (fusing point of PPS fiber is at 285 ℃ below the fusing point of material for general control, PTFE fusing point is at 327 ℃), if heat bonding temperature is during higher than above-mentioned fusing point, easily there is gluing phenomenon with pressure roller in fiber web layer, thus easy damaged fiber stratum reticulare.When pressure is greater than 10MPa, while peeling off, also easily there is glutinous phenomenon, the phenomenon of the fiber web layer that also can be damaged.
The bright composite filter material of this law has that arresting efficiency is high, tensile strength is high, and can 100% filters the atomic feature of urban atmosphere, and the technological process of this production method is short, production efficiency is high, can be applicable to the preparation of smoke filtration bag.
The specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, illustrate in greater detail the present invention, but the present invention is not subject to the restriction of these embodiment.The assay method of each physical property of composite filter material of the present invention is as follows.
[tensile strength]
Cloth intensity method based on JISL 1096 regulations is measured the tensile strength of filtering material.Specimen size is 200mm * 50mm, with draw speed 100mm/min, chuck interval 100mm, measures.Measured value is the warp-wise (direction vertical with the orientation of fiber of sample, in the situation that comprising crash sample, the value of the intensity same direction of warp-wise with crash) and in the broadwise of sample (in the situation of the sample that comprises crash, with the same direction of broadwise of crash).
[weight per unit area]
Filtering material is cut into the square of 200 * 200mm, from weighing scale, calculates the weight per unit area of filtering material.
[venting quality]
Fu Leize type fabric breathability method of testing based on JISL 1096 regulations is measured the venting quality of filtering material, and measuring position is that 5 of random selections are measured.
[pressure loss]
After the determination test of VDI3926, obtain the pressure loss of filtering material.
[arresting efficiency]
According to atmospheric dust counting method, measure the dust catching efficiency of filtering material.The size of laboratory sample is φ 170mm, filtration velocity is 3mm/min, ventilate after 5 minutes, use RION company system draw counter (upstream) measure the atmospheric dust of the upstream side of filtering material (particle diameter: number A 0.3～5 μ m), use the atmospheric dust (particle diameter: 0.3～5 μ m) number B in the downstream of the said firm's particle collector processed (downstream) mensuration filtering material simultaneously.Measure sample n and equal 3.From the measurement result obtaining, obtain according to the following formula arresting efficiency (%): (1-B/A) * 100%,
In formula, A is upstream side atmospheric dust number, and B is downstream atmospheric dust number.
Embodiment 1
(1) adopting fiber number is that to make filoplume be 2.9mm for the polyphony thioether short fiber of 2.0dtex, average diameter 13.8 μ m, coupe 51mm, warp thread fiber number is the polyphony thioether short fiber yarn that 440dtex, weft yarn fiber number are 440dtex, again the polyphony thioether short fiber yarn making is in temperature that 85 ℃, humidity are 80%, the time is under 20min, to carry out thermal finalization processing, then adopt plain weave to weave, finally make coverage coefficient and be 2840 woven fabric as base cloth layer;
(2) polyphenylene sulfide microparticulate is formed to decentralized spinning solution in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the decentralized spinning solution of making at room temperature adopts electrostatic spinning to prepare precursor, and then after being processed to 5min under the condition of 345 ℃, precursor removes polyvinyl alcohol matrix, making diameter is 400nm polyphenylene sulfide fibre, and then making it be piled into average pore size is that the polyphenylene sulfide fibre stratum reticulare of 3 μ m is as meeting knoisphere;
(3) by the above-mentioned polyphenylene sulfide fibre stratum reticulare making and woven fabric, in temperature, be that 270 ℃, pressure are under 8MPa, to carry out heat bonding, finally make composite filter material of the present invention, each physical property of this composite filter material is referring to table 1.
Embodiment 2
(1) adopting fiber number is that to make filoplume be 3.5mm for the polyphony thioether short fiber of 2.0dtex, average diameter 13.8 μ m, coupe 51mm, warp thread fiber number is the polyphony thioether short fiber yarn that 880dtex, weft yarn fiber number are 843dtex, again the polyphony thioether short fiber yarn making is in temperature that 90 ℃, humidity are 85%, the time is under 15min, to carry out thermal finalization processing, then adopt plain weave to weave, finally make coverage coefficient and be 3533 woven fabric as base cloth layer;
(2) polyphenylene sulfide microparticulate is formed to decentralized spinning solution in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the decentralized spinning solution of making at room temperature adopts electrostatic spinning to prepare precursor, and then after being processed to 5min under the condition of 345 ℃, precursor removes polyvinyl alcohol matrix, making diameter is 600nm polyphenylene sulfide fibre, and then making it be piled into average pore size is that the polyphenylene sulfide fibre stratum reticulare of 4.2 μ m is as meeting knoisphere;
(3) by the above-mentioned polyphenylene sulfide fibre stratum reticulare making and woven fabric, in temperature, be that 270 ℃, pressure are under 8MPa, to carry out heat bonding, finally make composite filter material of the present invention, each physical property of this composite filter material is referring to table 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) adopting fiber number is that to make filoplume be 3.2mm for the polyphony thioether short fiber of 2.0dtex, average diameter 13.8 μ m, coupe 51mm, warp thread fiber number is the polyphony thioether short fiber yarn that 1000dtex, weft yarn fiber number are 843dtex, again the polyphony thioether short fiber yarn making is in temperature that 95 ℃, humidity are 85%, the time is under 15min, to carry out thermal finalization processing, then adopt plain weave to weave, finally make coverage coefficient and be 4682 woven fabric as base cloth layer;
(2) polyphenylene sulfide microparticulate is formed to decentralized spinning solution in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the decentralized spinning solution of making at room temperature adopts electrostatic spinning to prepare precursor, and then after being processed to 5min under the condition of 345 ℃, precursor removes polyvinyl alcohol matrix, making diameter is 800nm polyphenylene sulfide fibre, and then making it be piled into average pore size is that the polyphenylene sulfide fibre stratum reticulare of 6.5 μ m is as meeting knoisphere;
(3) by the above-mentioned polyphenylene sulfide fibre stratum reticulare making and woven fabric, in temperature, be that 270 ℃, pressure are under 8MPa, to carry out heat bonding, finally make composite filter material of the present invention, each physical property of this composite filter material is referring to table 1.
Embodiment 4
(1) adopting fiber number is that to make filoplume be 3.4mm for the polyphony thioether short fiber of 2.0dtex, average diameter 13.8 μ m, coupe 51mm, warp thread fiber number is the polyphony thioether short fiber yarn that 531dtex, weft yarn fiber number are 880dtex, again the polyphony thioether short fiber yarn making is in temperature that 80 ℃, humidity are 80%, the time is under 20min, to carry out thermal finalization processing, then adopt plain weave to weave, finally make coverage coefficient and be 2840 woven fabric as base cloth layer;
(2) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microparticulate is formed to decentralized spinning solution in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the decentralized spinning solution of making at room temperature adopts electrostatic spinning to prepare precursor, and then after being processed to 5min under the condition of 345 ℃, precursor removes polyvinyl alcohol matrix, making diameter is 5 μ m polytetrafluoroethylene fibres, and then making it be piled into average pore size is that the PTFE web layer of 9.7 μ m is as meeting knoisphere;
(3) by the above-mentioned PTFE web layer making and woven fabric, in temperature, be that 300 ℃, pressure are under 8MPa, to carry out heat bonding, finally make composite filter material of the present invention, each physical property of this composite filter material is referring to table 1.
Comparative example 1
It is 2.5mm that the polyphony thioether short fiber of employing fiber number 2.0dtex, average diameter 13.8 μ m, coupe 51mm makes filoplume, warp thread fiber number is the polyphony thioether short fiber yarn that 531dtex, weft yarn fiber number are 843dtex, weave again, make coverage coefficient and be 1246 plain cloth as base cloth layer; Then lower floor is stacked with 190g/m respectively thereon
2the short fiber stratum reticulare of weight per unit area, this upper and lower two-layer short fiber stratum reticulare is all that the polyphony thioether short fiber by 100wt% fiber number 2.2dtex, average diameter 14.5 μ m, coupe 51mm carries out after opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning process, with 50/cm
2thorn pin density carries out acupuncture and obtains, then is processed base cloth layer and above-mentioned upper and lower two-layer short fiber stratum reticulare are interweaved by acupuncture, obtains weight per unit area 522g/m
2, total 300/cm of needling density
2composite filter material, each physical property of this composite filter material is referring to table 1.
Claims (9)
1. a composite filter material, it is characterized in that: this composite filter material is by meeting knoisphere and base cloth layer forms, the described knoisphere of meeting is to be the formed heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare of 10nm～5 μ m heat resistance fiber by diameter, and described base cloth layer is formed by more than 2600 woven fabrics by coverage coefficient.
2. composite filter material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described heat resistance fiber is polyphenylene sulfide fibre or polytetrafluoroethylene fibre.
3. composite filter material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the average pore size of described heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare is 0.1～10 μ m.
4. composite filter material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described woven fabric is that the heat-resisting staple yarn that is 200～1500dtex by fiber number is formed.
5. composite filter material according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the filoplume length of described heat-resisting staple yarn is more than 2mm.
6. composite filter material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the tensile strength of this composite filter material is more than 1000N/5cm.
7. composite filter material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the grammes per square metre of this composite filter material is 200～500g ∕ m
2.
8. a production method for composite filter material claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) adopt heat-resisting short fiber to make the heat-resisting staple yarn that fiber number is 200～1500dtex, again the heat-resisting staple yarn making is in temperature that 80～100 ℃, humidity are 80～95%, the time is under 5～40min, to carry out thermal finalization processing, and then weave, finally making coverage coefficient is more than 2600 woven fabrics;
(2) heat proof material microparticulate is formed in soluble solution to decentralized spinning solution, at room temperature adopt electrostatic spinning to prepare precursor the decentralized spinning solution of making again, and then after being processed to 30s～10min under the condition of 200～400 ℃, precursor removes polyvinyl alcohol matrix, finally making diameter is 10nm～5 μ m heat resistance fibers, piles up and forms heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare;
(3) described heat resistance fiber stratum reticulare and woven fabric are carried out to heat bonding, heat bonding temperature is controlled at that the fusing point of heat resistance fiber is following, pressure is below 10MPa, finally makes composite filter material.
9. a composite filter material claimed in claim 1 application in preparing smoke filtration bag.
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| CN201310051201.XA CN103990320A (en) | 2013-02-16 | 2013-02-16 | Composite filtering material, and production method and application thereof |
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| CN201310051201.XA CN103990320A (en) | 2013-02-16 | 2013-02-16 | Composite filtering material, and production method and application thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105964061A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-09-28 | 含山县科宇环境工程有限公司 | Polytetrafluoroethylene fiber filter material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106139742A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-23 | 东台市华阳玻纤有限责任公司 | One grows flax composite fibre filtering material |
| CN106268079A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-01-04 | 浙江宇邦滤材科技有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of antistatic filter bag |
| CN106474833A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-03-08 | 浙江宇邦滤材科技有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant kiln tail preparation method of acupuncture filter bag |
| CN114534519A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-05-27 | 上海市凌桥环保设备厂有限公司 | Low-resistance high-efficiency filter membrane and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-02-16 CN CN201310051201.XA patent/CN103990320A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105964061A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-09-28 | 含山县科宇环境工程有限公司 | Polytetrafluoroethylene fiber filter material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106139742A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-23 | 东台市华阳玻纤有限责任公司 | One grows flax composite fibre filtering material |
| CN106268079A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-01-04 | 浙江宇邦滤材科技有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of antistatic filter bag |
| CN106474833A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-03-08 | 浙江宇邦滤材科技有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant kiln tail preparation method of acupuncture filter bag |
| CN106268079B (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2018-05-22 | 浙江宇邦滤材科技有限公司 | A kind of production method of antistatic filter bag |
| CN114534519A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-05-27 | 上海市凌桥环保设备厂有限公司 | Low-resistance high-efficiency filter membrane and manufacturing method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20140820 |