CN103985938A - Graphene-based magnetic adjustable Faraday rotator - Google Patents
Graphene-based magnetic adjustable Faraday rotator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103985938A CN103985938A CN201310063099.5A CN201310063099A CN103985938A CN 103985938 A CN103985938 A CN 103985938A CN 201310063099 A CN201310063099 A CN 201310063099A CN 103985938 A CN103985938 A CN 103985938A
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- circular waveguide
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Abstract
The invention relates to a graphene-based magnetic adjustable Faraday rotator. The structure is composed of three portions, i.e., a circular waveguide applied to a microwave frequency range, a multilayer graphene module vertical to a microwave signal propagation direction in the circular waveguide, and a solenoid module sleeving the circular waveguide for providing magnetic field offset. The multilayer graphene module is composed of multiple single-layer graphene sheets in parallel arrangement inside the module. The solenoid module can control the strength of an externally added bias static magnetic field through controlling the size of currents. When electromagnetic waves in a TE11 mode, transmitted inside the circular waveguide, are transmitted through the graphene module under a condition with the magnetic offset, angle deflection is generated. By using the rotator, a rotation angle can be accurately adjusted within a certain scope. Besides, the Faraday type rotator also has the advantages of simple and compact structure, quite small size, easy integration, simple control, and convenient use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the adjustable Faraday rotator of magnetic that microwave technical field is used, particularly new material Graphene.
Background technology
In microwave system, the effect of circulator is incident wave to be rotated after the effect of circulator to a specific angle, with some characteristics that obtain needing in engineering, circulator is generally as the core component of isolator, and its performance can directly affect the performance quality of isolator.For some, to the tetchy transmission system of reflected wave, as amplification system, non linear system etc., all need Faraday rotator.The core component of circulator is exactly to make electromagnetic wave produce the material of angular deflection, so the selection of its material can directly have influence on the service behaviour of whole system.
The circulator of microwave frequency band is generally made with traditional materials such as ferrites now, when having external magnetic field to be added on ferrite medium, its magnetic permeability can be regarded as a tensor, in the time of electromagnetic wave incident, will there is Faraday rotation effect, utilize this characteristic can realize the function of rotation.This kind of circulator generally can be divided into adjustable rotary device and non-adjustable circulator two classes.The engine request of non-adjustable circulator is lower, realizes simple and can meet certain application requirements, and the shortcoming of this kind of circulator is that the anglec of rotation is fixed and cannot be changed.Adjustable rotary device structure is comparatively complicated, but can realize by changing outside parameter, controls the anglec of rotation.Traditional need to load ferrite bar and quarter wave plate based on ferritic circulator in circular waveguide, and magnetic field biasing.Under the biasing of magnetic field, due to ferritic Faraday effect, produce certain anglec of rotation.Its structure is relatively complicated, and volume is also corresponding larger, and manufacture craft is comparatively loaded down with trivial details.
Graphene (Graphene) is a kind of two-dimensional material of only having a carbon atom thickness, forms hexangle type be honeycomb lattice by carbon atom with sp2 hybridized orbit.The first passage experiments such as British scientist Geim in 2004 and Novoselov make, and it is the thinnest in current known materials, and has outstanding physical electronic characteristic.Graphene is almost completely transparent in optical frequencies, only absorbs 2.3% light; Conductive coefficient is up to 5300W/mK, and higher than carbon nano-tube and diamond, under normal temperature, its electron mobility surpasses 15000cm
2/ vs, ratio nano carbon pipe or silicon wafer height again, and resistivity only approximately 10
-6Ω cm, lower than copper or silver, be the current material of resistivity minimum in the world.In recent years along with the development of Graphene technology of preparing, compared with the graphene platelet of large scale, successfully made, make Graphene become possibility in the application of microwave frequency band, Graphene becomes one of focus of current microwave regime research, take that it is that some microwave devices on basis are with a wide range of applications.
The in the situation that Graphene being setovered in magnetic field, its conductivity can be thought anisotropic, when microwave signal incident, can produce Faraday rotation effect, and transmitted wave, with respect to incident wave polarization direction, the rotation of certain angle will occur.Comprehensive above characteristic, makes Graphene become the ideal material of manufacturing Faraday rotator.Faraday rotator based on grapheme material has the advantages such as simple and compact for structure, volume is relatively little, thermal conductivity is strong, is conducive to the integrated of device simultaneously.
The adjustable Faraday rotator of magnetic based on Graphene in the present invention, not only can realize the anglec of rotation adjustable within the specific limits, its direction of rotation can be controlled equally, and this kind of more traditional circulator of circulator have simple and compact for structure, be easy to good characteristic integrated and that thermal diffusivity is strong, met the requirement of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES device miniaturization, can be widely used in microwave system.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of being applied in microwave regime, can realize the anglec of rotation can be accurately controlled within the specific limits, and there is wider service band, control simple, simple and compact for structure, small volume and be easy to the adjustable Faraday rotator of integrated magnetic.
Realizing technical solution of the present invention is:
The adjustable Faraday rotator of magnetic based on Graphene, comprising: operating frequency circular waveguide in microwave frequency band, as the carrier of microwave signal transmission; Multi-layer graphene module, the rotation that produces certain angle in this module by signal; Solenoid module, the adjustable magnetostatic field that utilizes this module to provide a direction and signal propagation direction to parallel.
In above-mentioned circular waveguide, perpendicular to direction of wave travel placement of multiple layers Graphene module, this module is directly inserted in circular waveguide wall closely.Multi-layer graphene module is that the multi-disc single-layer graphene film being arranged in parallel by inside forms, and has good physical characteristic.Under an additional magnetostatic field condition perpendicular to graphene film, the deflection that microwave signal can produce certain angle in transmission during by graphene film.Multi-layer graphene module adopt multi-disc single-layer graphene be arranged in parallel form, because the deflection of certain angle can occur during by single-layer graphene film in transmission electromagnetic wave, because less being not enough to of this deflection angle meets design requirement, so adopt the form of multiple-layer stacked, to reach the requirement of design.
In the outside of above-mentioned circular waveguide, be nested with a solenoid that bias magnetic field is provided, solenoid skeleton is directly nested with at circular waveguide outside, is wound with the coil of the wire formation of multilayer on solenoid skeleton.To solenoid, power supply can produce magnetic field, therefore can control the outer power that is biased magnetostatic field by controlling the power of electric current.
The circular waveguide adopting works in its main mould TE
11under pattern, set corresponding working frequency range and the anglec of rotation, calculate use under this frequency band can single mode transport circular waveguide size, thereby obtain size and the solenoidal relevant parameter of Graphene, by regulating solenoid current size just can regulate the intensity of additional bias magnetic field to reach the accurate control anglec of rotation, can change by changing the direction of solenoid current the direction of bias magnetic field simultaneously, thereby change the yawing moment of signal.
Can make in the present invention the core material that electromagnetic wave deflects adopt Graphene to replace traditional Ferrite Material, main significant advantage:
1, that the structure that adopts new material Graphene can save two quarter wave plates makes is simple and compact for structure, small volume, be easy to integrated;
2, the anglec of rotation can be accurately controlled in certain scope, and direction of rotation also can be controlled;
3, control simply, easy to use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view that the present invention is based on the adjustable Faraday rotator of magnetic of Graphene;
Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of size of current and magnetic field power;
Fig. 3 be under centre frequency 2GHz the anglec of rotation with the theoretical calculating chart of change of magnetic field strength;
Fig. 4 be under centre frequency 2GHz amplitude characteristic with the theoretical calculating chart of change of magnetic field strength;
Fig. 5 is for the anglec of rotation when magnetic field intensity is 0.18T is with frequency variation curve.
In above picture, contain:
1: circular waveguide; 2: multi-layer graphene module; 2a: single-layer graphene 3: solenoid; 3a: solenoid skeleton; 3b: coil.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.
Concrete enforcement:
Example operating frequency of the present invention is set to 1.8GHz-2.2GHz, the main mould TE of mode of operation for propagating in circular waveguide
11pattern, its direction of an electric field is vertical with direction of wave travel, in direction of wave travel without electric field component.
As shown in Figure 1, dimensional units is all millimeter (mm) to exemplary construction of the present invention.Mainly, by circular waveguide 1, multi-layer graphene module and solenoid module composition, wherein waveguide 1 is circular waveguide, and interior circular diameter is 114.58mm, and outside diameter is 121.20mm, and length is 200mm.
At the inside center place of circular waveguide, perpendicular to direction of wave travel, placed multi-layer graphene module.This module is consisted of 9 single-layer graphene films, wherein the every parallel placement of interval 3mm.Placement order is as follows: at waveguide core place, place 1, two ends, left and right are placed respectively 4, and these 9 graphene films are all directly embedded in circular waveguide wall.
In the outside of circular waveguide, it is solenoid module.The coil that solenoid module is formed by solenoid skeleton and 2.5 square millimeters of copper conductors on solenoid skeleton forms, and the maximum current that copper conductor can bear is 20A, can meet the design's maximum magnetic field strength requirement.Solenoid skeleton and circular waveguide precision are bonding, to obtain good mechanical property, and the close copper conductor around 2500 circle left and right on solenoid skeleton.
Operation principle of the present invention is as follows:
Circular waveguide of the present invention can be similar in the situation that length is shorter thinks a lossless transmission medium, can lossless ground single mode transport 1.76GHz to 2.42GHz frequency in the circular waveguide of above design be operated in TE
11the electromagnetic wave of pattern.
TE
11the electromagnetic wave of pattern transmits in circular waveguide and graphene film is passed through in transmission, due to Faraday rotation effect, and meeting and TE in the situation that every Graphene being setovered in magnetic field
11the electromagnetic wave phase mutual effect of pattern, therefore when completing transmission, transmitted wave can be compared with the deflection of incident wave generation certain angle, between the size of this deflection angle and outside bias magnetic field, be closely related, after 9 layer graphenes, can reaching the required deflection angle of setting.
Outside solenoid can provide an adjustable bias magnetic field, and this bias magnetic field direction and direction of wave travel parallel, mutually vertical with graphene film.By regulating the size of electric current in external threads pipeline circle to control the intensity of the bias magnetic field of generation, thereby play the effect of controlling the anglec of rotation, can also realize the control to direction of rotation by changing the direction of inflow current.Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation that magnetic field intensity changes with size of current, and the size of magnetic field intensity and electric current is proportional as seen from the figure.
With the curve of change of magnetic field strength as shown in Figure 3, the anglec of rotation becomes along with the enhancing of magnetic field intensity greatly the circulator anglec of rotation, after reaching a maximum, slowly reduces.With the curve of change of magnetic field strength as shown in Figure 4, amplitude characteristic increases along with the continuous enhancing of magnetic field intensity the amplitude characteristic of circulator.When Fig. 5 is illustrated in magnetic field intensity and is 0.18T, the anglec of rotation is with the change curve of frequency, and as seen from the figure, the anglec of rotation under this magnetic field intensity in whole frequency range is all greater than 45 degree.Conclusion in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is known, as long as just can weaken magnetic field intensity by reducing electric current, its anglec of rotation just can reduce thereupon, so just can reach design object, and the anglec of rotation can regulate between 0 to 50 degree.
Claims (3)
1. the adjustable Faraday rotator of the magnetic based on Graphene, is characterized in that, comprises the circular waveguide 1 of a use in microwave frequency band; Multi-layer graphene module 2, this module is consisted of single-layer graphene 2a; Solenoid module 3 these modules consist of solenoid skeleton 3a and coil 3b.
2. the adjustable Faraday rotator of the magnetic based on Graphene according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described multi-layer graphene module 2, and in this module and circular waveguide, the microwave signal direction of propagation is perpendicular.
3. the adjustable Faraday rotator of the magnetic based on Graphene according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described multi-layer graphene module 2, and the single-layer graphene film 2a in this module is arranged in parallel at a certain distance.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310063099.5A CN103985938B (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2013-02-07 | Magnetic based on Graphene is adjustable Faraday rotator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310063099.5A CN103985938B (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2013-02-07 | Magnetic based on Graphene is adjustable Faraday rotator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103985938A true CN103985938A (en) | 2014-08-13 |
| CN103985938B CN103985938B (en) | 2017-03-15 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60200225A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1985-10-09 | Fujitsu Ltd | Faraday rotator |
| US5048937A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1991-09-17 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Faraday rotator device and optical switch containing same |
| US5657151A (en) * | 1993-12-09 | 1997-08-12 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Polarization scrambler/modulator |
| US20030025980A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-06 | Hongdu Liu | Faraday rotator |
| CN101900892A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2010-12-01 | 福建福晶科技股份有限公司 | Wavelength tunable opto-isolator |
-
2013
- 2013-02-07 CN CN201310063099.5A patent/CN103985938B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60200225A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1985-10-09 | Fujitsu Ltd | Faraday rotator |
| US5048937A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1991-09-17 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Faraday rotator device and optical switch containing same |
| US5657151A (en) * | 1993-12-09 | 1997-08-12 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Polarization scrambler/modulator |
| US20030025980A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-06 | Hongdu Liu | Faraday rotator |
| CN101900892A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2010-12-01 | 福建福晶科技股份有限公司 | Wavelength tunable opto-isolator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DIMITRIOS L. SOUNAS，CHRISTOPHE CALOZ: "Gyrotropy and Nonreciprocity of Graphene for Microwave Applications", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES》 * |
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| CN103985938B (en) | 2017-03-15 |
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