CN103984589A - Virtual machine-based lab practice environment establishment method for realizing computer experiment teaching - Google Patents
Virtual machine-based lab practice environment establishment method for realizing computer experiment teaching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a virtual machine-based lab practice environment establishment method for realizing computer experiment teaching. The method comprises the following steps: (1) completing certified login in a system Web service homepage by a student, and then, selecting a current course, wherein the main mirror image document of the course is deployed to all physical nodes; (2) checking and managing states of virtual machines through an interactive interface; (3) acquiring desktops of the virtual machines through a system Web service page, and then, using the virtual machines in a browser. Compared with the prior art, the virtual machine-based lab practice environment establishment method disclosed by the invention is capable of helping to shield bottom layer physical hardware differences through the virtualization technology so as to provide diversified execution environments for upper layer users, and moreover, the virtual machines are isolated from each other, so that the users can freely install personalized software by using private virtual machines as lab practice platforms; user data are stored in mirror images of the virtual machines, so data security can be ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of upper machine environment method for building up of realizing Computer Experiment Teaching based on virtual machine, belong to virtual machine technique field.
Background technology
Computer Experiment Teaching center is the important place of implementing experimental teaching.It should be student good upper machine service is provided, and is convenient to teacher and participates in teaching practice, is convenient to keeper and participates in monitoring management.Along with the development of educational pattern, the deficiency of traditional experiment training center highlights day by day.First, in traditional experiment training center, carry out experimental teaching activity and often face safety problem: in public experimental situation, user shares storage, and privately owned file data can arbitrarily be revised and cause damage; For guaranteeing security of system, student does not have authority mounting software conventionally, has not only sacrificed User experience, to keeper, has increased administrative burden yet; Hardware fault also easily causes serious consequence.Secondly, the resource utilization of traditional experiment teaching environment is not high: the software and hardware resources of experiment teaching center all can not be made full use of by user conventionally.Finally, the management activity of traditional experiment training center is mainly participated in by keeper, lacks teacher's strong participation, and keeper lacks the experiment teaching center administrative mechanism of convenient and efficient.
Summary of the invention
Based on the demand, proposed herein to utilize Intel Virtualization Technology to solve the problems referred to above.Intel Virtualization Technology can help shielding bottom physical hardware difference, for upper-layer user provides diversified execution environment, and isolation mutually between virtual machine, therefore user can use private virtual machine as upper machine platform, personalized software is freely installed, storage of subscriber data, in virtual machine image, can guarantee data security; While there is hardware fault, move virtual machine or shift image file, can recover rapidly to use original operating system and application software; Meanwhile, along with multi-core technology is universal, many virtual machines of a physical machine operation can not affect user yet to be experienced, and therefore utilizes Intel Virtualization Technology to contribute to promote resource utilization, alleviates hardware present situation in short supply.
This concept of machine environment in a kind of personalization of supporting Computer Experiment Teaching based on virtual machine has been proposed herein, being intended to provides a set of complete Software for Teaching Management module for Computer Experiment Teaching, can be computer room administrator easily, teacher and student provide efficient experimental teaching service.
1. design object
1.1 Demand Design
First, in the personalization of Computer Experiment Teaching, machine environment provides the object of service to have three classes: User, teacher user, computer room administrator user.By the demand analysis to these three kinds of users, we have proposed respectively corresponding Functional Design concept.
For User, be mainly for student provide can free operant private virtual machine, support student to propose more flexibly the demand about aspects such as individual operation system, application software, computational resource configurations, and the interactive interface of providing convenience allow student control and use its personalized virtual machine (as by client, browser access virtual machine separately).Specifically, there is following functions demand, as shown in Figure 1.
The operating system, the application software that student can be convenient for carrying in experiment teaching center, use, and can on other platform, recover to use this virtual machine environment.Support that student remotely accesses its personalized virtual machine outside experiment teaching center, and provide diversified access mode, long-distance user and internal user shared computation resource, student can close, preserve, back up, recover personalized virtual machine to realize the management of the personalized virtual machine of course correlation.
For teacher user, for teacher user provides the management platform of face to course education experiment easily.Virtual experiment teaching center, also needs face to course, for curriculum experiment provides diversified upper machine environment (as calculated outline curriculum requirements windows, Microsoft office, vc++6.0 etc., and compiling practicum range request GCC, Java etc.).In system, provide a set of perfect management interface allow teacher's user management course correlation information, and can create easily, the virtual machine of deployment and management training coarse experiment.Intel Virtualization Technology has been realized bottom hardware resource to the transparent mechanism of upper strata virtual machine user, therefore can construct special experiment porch in virtual experimental center, expands education experiment pattern.Beijing university computer of take is that operating system practice and this two subjects journey of An Introduction to Computer Networks are example: as protection software and hardware is not destroyed, operating system practice does not allow student in experiment, spy upon real operating system (as debugging linux kernel); Be subject to hardware resource limitations, network outline experimental courses can not be set up separately independently private LAN auxiliary network experimental exploring for each student.And utilize Intel Virtualization Technology, student can debug VM kernel code, Virtual LAN etc., unified mechanism management user profile and personalized virtual machine etc. are provided.From teacher user's functional requirement as shown in Figure 2.
For administrator, aim to provide the system platform of a set of comprehensive deployment, monitoring and management maintenance.System can generate for administrator relevant usage data and the computational resource synoptic chart of all types of user, and the interactive function of monitoring management is provided, as management student participates in course and uses personalized virtual machine; Management teacher disposes curriculum experiment platform, monitors the real time status of virtual machine in whole Experimental Teaching Centre.Administrator's functional requirement as shown in Figure 3.
1.2 Functional Design
For the deficiency existing in traditional experiment environment, we have proposed following design concept and target in this system:
● personalization: experiment teaching center for student provide can free operant personalized virtual machine.Intel Virtualization Technology can support student to configure more neatly the experimental situation that it needs, and comprises (as student use Windows7 operating system, 4GB internal memory) such as operating system, application software, computational resources.The interactive interface of providing convenience allows student control and uses its virtual machine (as by client, browser access virtual machine separately).
● face to course: towards diversified course teaching demand, provide diversified upper machine environment, utilize Intel Virtualization Technology, teacher can break through the restriction of existing experimental situation, offers the experimental courses differing from one another.Provide a set of perfect operation-interface by teacher management curriculum information, convenient establishment, deployment and management.Can be used for expanding Experiment Teaching Mode: as while carrying out security of system curriculum experiment for student provides the operating system that can freely revise; While carrying out Network Experiments for it provides some virtual machine constructing local networks.
● portable: student uses the equipment such as USB, can carry the individualized experiments environment that it uses in Computer Experiment Teaching in the heart, and the use of resuming operation on other platform.
● remote access: diversified virtual machine access mode is provided.As support student remotely to access its personalized virtual machine.Long-distance user can with local user's shared computation resource, and provide all user profile of unified mechanism management and personalized virtual machine etc. for managerial personnel.
● monitoring management: for guaranteeing the good operation of experiment teaching center, should be keeper and generate all kinds of computational resource synoptic charts, the interactive interface of monitoring management is provided: as management student participates in course and uses personalized virtual machine; Management teacher disposes curriculum experiment platform, monitors the real time status of virtual machine in whole Experimental Teaching Centre.
1.3 system architecture designs
For realizing above-mentioned target, we propose the architecture design shown in Fig. 4.When participating in curriculum experiment, User can select arbitrary the node of disposing Xen/KVM virtual platform to use its personalized virtual machine.Virtual machine has been installed operating system and the application software that meets curriculum experiment demand.Starting personalized virtual machine needs primary mirror picture and sub-mirror image two parts, system and software that wherein primary mirror requires as file including curriculum experiment, and sub-image file is stored the data (comprising personalized software and user data etc.) of student individuality.Each node is all stored the primary mirror picture of various courses, and sub-mirror image is kept on storage server in the mode in mirror image resources pond.Primary mirror picture and sub-mirror image Separate Storage, can select computing node while making student use virtual machine service flexibly.Because sub-image file is conventionally less, user also copy USB flash disk to it so long and use its personalized environment with backup, recovery.For the resource utilization at Promoting Experimental Teaching center, in node, also move long-distance user's personalized virtual machine, we provide interface support user from external reference service, and provide the interface of management training coarse, student, computational resource etc. for teacher and keeper.Account Dept is deployed on server cluster, comprises mirror image administration module, Virtual Machine Manager module and metadata management module.
Mirror image administration module is managed the tissue of the primary mirror picture in local image file storehouse on each node and storage server neutron mirror as the deployment of library and sub-mirrored pool neutron mirror picture.It goes back the file system of managing virtual machines mirror image.
The virtual machine moving on each node of Virtual Machine Manager module management.As managing virtual machines operation, create virtual machine snapshot, migration virtual machine, and provide unified Virtual Machine Manager interface for local and remote user.
Metadata management module management each object information (as student, teacher, node, virtual machine) and the relation between object (as curricula-variable, the relation of student individuality mirror image and course primary mirror picture etc.) of storing in database server.
Between each administration module, mutually cooperation provides service for access management interface: mirror image administration module provides primary mirror picture and sub-mirror image for Virtual Machine Manager module; The course primary mirror picture that metadata management module maintenance image administration module is managed and the mapping relations between individual character beggar mirror image; Metadata management module is also safeguarded student individuality virtual machine that Virtual Machine Manager module is managed and the relation between relevant image file thereof.
System provides three class user access interfaces according to the different demand of student, teacher and keeper.Student mainly pays close attention to virtual machine and uses, and teacher mainly pays close attention to configuration, the deployment of course primary mirror picture, and keeper needs to manage the operation conditions of whole experimental situation.
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is:
The present invention can help shielding bottom physical hardware difference by Intel Virtualization Technology, for upper-layer user provides diversified execution environment, and isolation mutually between virtual machine, therefore user can use private virtual machine as upper machine platform, personalized software is freely installed, storage of subscriber data, in virtual machine image, can guarantee data security.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is student's functional requirement schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is role of teachers demand schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is manager function demand schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is system architecture schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is mirror image template tree structure diagram;
Fig. 6 is used virtual machine schematic diagram for student;
Fig. 7 is class figure general view;
Fig. 8 is flow chart of data processing figure;
Fig. 9 is curricula-variable process flow diagram.
Embodiment
According to design requirement, each module of system is as follows respectively: course mirror image administration module, machine module on student individuality, keeper's monitoring management module.
Course mirror image administration module
Administrator mainly participates in the establishment and management of course and primary mirror picture.It is course mirror image template that the primary mirror that we claim to be provided with curriculum requirements operating system and application software looks like.Administrator's basic use flow process is: authentication logs in, management training coarse essential information, management training coarse primary mirror be as template.Wherein the most key problem is to prepare course primary mirror as template.
For preparing efficiently course primary mirror as template, we have proposed the concept of mirror image template tree.The mirror image template tree that Figure 5 shows that system, wherein root node is blank image file; The degree of depth is that 1 node is for only having installed the mirror image template of all kinds of common distribution version operating systems; When node degree of depth k>=1, the child that its degree of depth is k+1 is, based on it, the derivative mirror image template of additional software is installed, and father node comprises the proper subclass that software collection is child node software collection.Our concept based on mirror image template tree builds and organizes the template base of course primary mirror picture.
Administrator prepares the flow process of mirror image template and will carry out around template tree.By investigation course in former years, offer situation, mirror image templates that system is more previously prepared.First by teacher user, submit to course template configuration to indicate the information such as the operating system of requirement of experiment and software collection, keeper goes to inquire about mirror image template tree according to teacher's user's request subsequently.In the template base that query script can be disposed in advance in system conventionally, find the mirror image template that meets its curriculum requirements.As it fails to match, return to the maximum proper subclass template of required mirror image template.Meanwhile, system also supports teacher user to prepare voluntarily mirror image template, and teacher user can select following two kinds of modes to prepare template:
First kind of way is teacher's Configuration Online mirror image template.According to above-mentioned Query Result, teacher can utilize this to return to template startup virtual machine, and only a small amount of software need be installed again just can complete the preparation of mirror image template, thereby improves the efficiency of preparation template.
The second way is that teacher independently prepares mirror image template, then uploads to mirror site, through mirror image administration module format transformation, joins template base.The mirror-image format that support is uploaded has RAW, IMG, VMDK, QCOW2 etc.
When prepared by course mirror image template, system can be distributed to the local image file storehouse of each node, according to teacher under it and course, be stored as/localTemps/teacherID/courseID/templateName.img, by metadata management module, safeguard course mirror image template and teacher, the relation between course etc.
Machine module on student individuality
System is used and the function of managing virtual machines for student provides, and moving virtual machine needs course primary mirror as template and individual character beggar mirror image.When definite course participates in after student ' s list, system can create the sub-mirror image of QCOW2 type for each student based on course primary mirror picture.As shown in Figure 6, student has two kinds of modes of using personalized virtual machine: client and browser.
Student uses the basic procedure of personalized virtual machine to be by client: 1) authentication logs in, 2) select current course, 3) by interactive interface, check and managing virtual machines state, 4) by Spice client or VNCViewer etc., be connected to virtual machine desktop and carry out curriculum experiment.
Student also can use its personalized virtual machine by browser: A) on system Web service homepage, complete authentication and log in, B) select current course, C) check and Individuation Management virtual machine, D) at the system Web service page, obtain virtual machine desktop, E) in browser, use virtual machine.
Student uses the flow process of personalized virtual machine to relate generally to three key issues: managing virtual machines QCOW2 mirror image, control virtual machine and connecting virtual machine desktop.
Management QCOW2 mirror image, need on the one hand management QCOW2 mirror file system, the mirror image administration module of system, based on tool management QCOW2 files such as libguestfs API (libguestfs is a group access and the API that revises virtual machine image file) and qemu-img, is supported to check and edits the file in mirror image, the idle condition of monitoring mirror file system etc.Need on the other hand to safeguard the relation between student QCOW2 mirror image and course mirror image template.According to student, curriculum information, by individual character beggar mirrored storage, be /gluster/studentID/courseID/QCOW2Name.QCOW2, and by metadata management module maintenance image, student and inter-course relation.
Virtual machine is controlled and is comprised virtual machine power management, virtual machine image snapshot management, the aspects such as virtual machine (vm) migration.PVCE Virtual Machine Manager module has realized the control to virtual machine by libvirt API, can support the multiple virtual platforms such as Xen/KVM.
Connecting virtual machine desktop.Can be by the pVCE client connecting virtual machine desktop of Spicec, VNCViewer etc. be installed on each node when student uses by client, or adopt ssh mode to use virtual machine, also can pass through other remote desktop access tools (as Windows remote desktop) connecting virtual machine desktop.For web access mode, we are integrated noVNC, the instruments such as spice-html5 support that student need not install any software, only by browser, just can directly use virtual machine.
Keeper's monitoring management module
Keeper is the main work that participates in following three aspects: in this system:
(1) maintenance image template base.By investigating the demand of curriculum experiment environment to operating system and software in the past, keeper carrys out previously prepared a part of mirror image template the mirror image template base of initialization system.
(2) relation between all objects and object in management system, and the life cycle of control object.The class figure of Fig. 7 has described the main class of system, has shown the relation between class.Keeper, by interactive interface, utilizes metadata management module to manage system.
(3) supervisory system.Virtual Machine Manager module and mirror image administration module are responsible for recording system information (as node load situation, the capacity condition of virtual machine running status and mirror image template base etc.), with help system developer, keeper, optimize the system operation.As shown graphically the loading condition of each node in system, facilitate keeper to move some virtual machine with balanced system load.
Metadata management design realizes
General introduction
Object in system comprises: curriculum information, User information, teacher's information, curricula-variable information, course primary mirror are as fileinfo, student individuality Mirror Info, physical node information, virtual machine running example information etc., and these information that are stored in database table are all collectively referred to as the metadata information in system.Metadatabase administration module not only will be managed types of objects as above, also needs the relation between management object, to support the true(-)running of Virtual Machine Manager module and image file administration module.Can for administrator's interface of front end, provide comparatively complete system monitoring and administrative mechanism, as system resource condition monitoring, storage server capacity monitor and network flow monitoring etc.
Database design
Table in system gathers as table 1:
| English table name | Chinese table name | Function declaration |
| pVCE_student | User table | Storage User information |
| pVCE_teacher | Teacher's subscriber's meter | Storage teacher user profile |
| pVCE_host | Physical node table | Storage physical node information |
| pVCE_course | Curriculum schedule | Storage to open a course information |
| pVCE_flavor | Allocation list | Storing virtual common configuration list |
| pVCE_selective | Curricula-variable relation table | Storage curricula-variable relation information |
Table 2 is User table
Table 3 is teacher's subscriber's meter
Table 4 is physical node table
Table 5 is to open a course table
Table 6 is allocation list
Table 7 is curricula-variable relation table
Flow chart of data processing
Student, teacher, course
As shown in Figure 8, about the metadata of student, teacher and course, when initial, all by keeper, completed, follow-up in student and teacher's use flow process, they can revise information separately, such as mailbox, log in password etc.The corresponding image file entity of course primary mirror picture name indicated in metadatabase organizes certain specific file path to go down by teacher or keeper, and the rule of name is organized according to teacher ID/ course ID/ mirror image name.
Curricula-variable management
As shown in Figure 9, the maintenance of curricula-variable relation just starts to safeguard after student, teacher user and course record are created out, when creating course, need to guarantee that the main image file of course has been deployed on each physical node, guarantee to exist certain teacher user in system, as the One Teacher of offering this subject simultaneously.System is in order to facilitate keeper and teacher's management, developed the function that imports student's curricula-variable list, for certain subject, submit student's curricula-variable register to and get final product one-touch generation curricula-variable relation, generation curricula-variable relation also has a most important step is for participating in the student of this subject, each student possesses the personalized increment image file based on generating in this course virtual machine base image file basis, and increment image file is got up by certain regular weaves, and the naming rule that we take in system is: student ID/ course ID/ student increment image filename.
Mirror element data management
The management of mirror element data, this part is related to student and after debarkation authentication, with the record in system database, obtains the process of two involved image files of my course virtual machine.
Base image is with course correlation, although specified base image filename when creating course, in fact whether this mirror image is on each physical node, and we need to confirm.
Generate the process of increment mirror image, be also that the record based in curricula-variable relation database table generates simultaneously, also must guarantee that image file can look like to mate with course primary mirror and can support virtual machine activation.
Virtual machine metadata management
Management about node in system is mainly divided into two classes: a class is physical node, and keeper, when initialization system, can be configured the ip of physical nodes all in system, is then entered in the tables of data of physical node; Equations of The Second Kind is the management to virtual machine node, and virtual machine, when operation, relies on physical node, therefore can, according to Virtual Machine Manager interfaces such as libvirt, remove to find all to have moved what virtual machine of which user on certain physical node.Resource during for the ease of operation in management system, the running status of virtual machine can be followed the tracks of and record to native system.
Claims (6)
1. based on virtual machine, realize a upper machine environment method for building up for Computer Experiment Teaching, the steps include:
1) student completes to authenticate and logs on system Web service homepage, then selects current course; Wherein, the main image file of course has been deployed on each physical node;
2) by interactive interface, check and managing virtual machines state;
3) by the system Web service page, obtain virtual machine desktop; Then in browser, use virtual machine.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that by Spice client or VNCViewer, being connected to virtual machine desktop carries out curriculum experiment.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described system Web service homepage is provided with monobasic database table; In described metadatabase table, store curriculum information, User information, teacher's information, curricula-variable information, course primary mirror as fileinfo, student individuality Mirror Info, physical node information, virtual machine running example information.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that each course primary mirror picture name indicated in described metadatabase is corresponding with an image file entity respectively.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that on described system Web service homepage more previously prepared mirror image templates and sets up a mirror image template tree; First by teacher user, submit to course template configuration to indicate operating system and the software collection information of requirement of experiment, keeper goes to inquire about according to teacher's user's request the template that coupling was set and returned to mirror image template subsequently, as it fails to match, return to the maximum proper subclass template of required mirror image template.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that the method that builds described mirror image template tree is: first initialization one root node is blank image file; The degree of depth is that 1 node is for only having installed the mirror image template of all kinds of common distribution version operating systems; When node degree of depth k>=1, the child that its degree of depth is k+1 is, based on it, the derivative mirror image template of additional software is installed, and father node comprises the proper subclass that software collection is child node software collection.
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| CN112558998A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-26 | 慧科教育科技集团有限公司 | Experiment content research and development platform |
| CN112767207A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-07 | 江苏省徐州财经高等职业技术学校 | Software defined network experiment teaching system and teaching method based on container |
| CN113053185A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-29 | 重庆电子工程职业学院 | Software teaching model based on digital media |
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