CN103983978B - A kind of airport wheelmark method of testing - Google Patents
A kind of airport wheelmark method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103983978B CN103983978B CN201410143373.4A CN201410143373A CN103983978B CN 103983978 B CN103983978 B CN 103983978B CN 201410143373 A CN201410143373 A CN 201410143373A CN 103983978 B CN103983978 B CN 103983978B
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- wheelmark
- measuring sensor
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- runway
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to engineering detecting field, particularly relate to a kind of airport wheelmark method of testing.The present invention provides a kind of airport wheelmark method of testing, comprises the steps: to arrange two or more laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor in runway side；Opposite side at runway arranges a laser type distance measuring sensor；When aircraft is by runway, by laser type distance measuring sensor and laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor, the distance outside the forward and backward wheel of survey aircraft and between distance measuring sensor；Data according to distance measuring sensor judge the type of aircraft and the wheelmark of aircraft.The present invention is taken off landing distance through between transverse section, laser ranging instrument place airplane wheel rubber outer side and laser ranging instrument by laser ranging system survey aircraft, thus provide the wheelmark cross direction profiles method of testing on a kind of airport, create precondition for filling up China's research blank in wheelmark cross direction profiles field, airport.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering detecting field, particularly relate to a kind of airport wheelmark method of testing.
Background technology
When aircraft slides on runway, taxiway and connecting taxiway, the most strictly according to straight-line travelling, but exist certain inclined
Move and swing.The centrage of aircraft can deviate Center Line Marking (daytime) or the centre pilot lamp (evening) of facility, this deviation
Track or scope are referred to as wheelmark.
The cross direction profiles of aircraft wheelmark be research aircraft to one of important content that face, road acts on, be face, civil airport road design, pipe
Reason, the important parameter safeguarded, be also the important evidence evaluating aircraft skew safety.In China, not yet carried out any machine
Face, road, field wheelmark Morbidity investigation, supposes that wheelmark cross direction profiles, for being uniformly distributed, does not meets practical situation, the most do not appoints the most simply
What the fact foundation.This limits the development of China's road surface technology to a certain extent.The most necessary wheelmark to aircraft is horizontal
Investigate to distribution.
In the wheelmark cross direction profiles of investigation aircraft, main application is laser range finder, by airfield runway section side frames
If laser range finder, thus record aircraft in the lateral shift through this section.Laser ranging technique refers to utilize homed on its target
Laser pulse or continuous-wave laser beam measure the distance measurement technique of target range.LDMS is typically by laser emission section
Part, laser pick-off parts and the parts such as control system, power supply are constituted.The method of laser ranging can be divided into: impulse method (laser
Time-of-flight method), phase method, frequency modulation method etc..Swash range finding light technology and there is the features such as stable, weather interference is few, and instrument can
To be installed on the both sides running runway, it is achieved the wheelmark distribution tests under not countermeasure aircraft ruuning situation.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of airport wheelmark method of testing, described side
Method can measure lateral run-out when aircraft runs on runway to centrage, in order to helps to find the rule of aircraft wheelmark cross direction profiles
Rule, the research filling up this field is blank.
For achieving the above object and other relevant purposes, first aspect present invention provides a kind of airport wheelmark method of testing, including such as
Lower step:
1) two or more laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor is set, the laser light of described each laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor in runway side
Restraint each parallel to runway surface and the centrage that is perpendicular to runway；
2) opposite side at runway arranges a laser type distance measuring sensor, described laser type distance measuring sensor and one of them
The line of laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor is perpendicular to the centrage of runway；
3) when aircraft is by runway, by laser type distance measuring sensor and laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor, before survey aircraft,
Distance outside rear wheel and between distance measuring sensor；
4) according to laser type distance measuring sensor and the data of relative laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor thereof, it is judged that the type of aircraft,
Data further according to each distance measuring sensor draw the wheelmark of aircraft.
Preferably, described distance measuring sensor is installed on support, and the erection of support can be with fixed laser distance measuring sensor and can keep away
Exempting from the error impact that earth shock, airwaves etc. are brought, support can be carried out by those skilled in the art according to practical situation
Angle adjustment, enables distance measuring sensor to receive return signal accurately.
Preferably, the tranmitting frequency >=2000Hz of described distance measuring sensor.
Preferably, the measurement scope >=60m of described distance measuring sensor, precision reaches a millimeter rank.
It is furthermore preferred that the certainty of measurement of distance measuring sensor reaches 0.05 meter.
Preferably, described distance measuring sensor distance runway centerline 60-100m.
Preferably, described distance measuring sensor is provided with Waterproof protection box.
It is furthermore preferred that the front end of described Waterproof protection box uses high light transmittance eyeglass.
Those skilled in the art can rule of thumb select suitable Waterproof protection box, such as aluminium alloy Waterproof protection box, it is preferred that
Described aluminium alloy is through Overheating Treatment.
Preferably, the antenna height of described distance measuring sensor is 0.5-1.1m.
The selection of the antenna height of described distance measuring sensor is the rubber section in order to distance measuring sensor is directed at airplane wheel outer lower portion
Point.
Additionally, each distance measuring sensor all can pass through solar cell for supplying power in the present invention, and it is built-in with single-chip microcomputer, the described sun
Can battery be the main electric power system that system tested by civil airport wheelmark, described single-chip microcomputer has data prediction and storage function.
So airport provided by the present invention wheelmark method of testing can carry out data test and storage in the case of round-the-clock unmanned monitoring
, system is in gatherer process, and nobody carries out the storage conduction of data, and system itself has certain storage function and volume
Space ensure that round-the-clock collection data.Meanwhile, to set fixed sum data pre-for laser range sensor and the data effective range of single-chip microcomputer
Process and strongly reduce the memory space that invalid data takies, and the data process for the later stage saves substantial amounts of energy.Choosing
With solaode as electric power system, fully taken into account the inconvenience on turnover airport, and have more energy-conserving and environment-protective, can
Lasting effect.
Second aspect present invention provides described airport wheelmark method of testing to calculate the application in field at runway load.
Preferably, described runway load calculates the application in field particularly as follows: use described airport wheelmark method of testing to calculate
Wheelmark distribution during each takeoff and landing, draws the payload data of airport airstrips further according to wheelmark distributed data.
It is furthermore preferred that those skilled in the art can rule of thumb with practical situation (such as landing airdrome length etc.), select laser wheelmark survey
Away from the quantity of sensor, and each laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor is arranged in runway limit, uses described airport wheelmark method of testing meter
When calculating each takeoff and landing, runway wheelmark distribution everywhere, draws whole airport aircraft further according to runway wheelmark distributed data everywhere
The payload data of runway.
It is further preferred that the distance between described each laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor is 50-70m.
As it has been described above, the laser sent at laser ranging instrument has enough frequencies to ensure, aircraft is through LDMS place
Section moment, on the premise of laser ranging module can promptly and accurately capture wheel position, the present invention is surveyed by laser ranging system
Amount take off landing through between transverse section, laser ranging instrument place airplane wheel rubber outer side and laser ranging instrument away from
From, thus provide the wheelmark cross direction profiles method of testing on a kind of airport, for filling up China in wheelmark cross direction profiles field, airport
Research blank creates precondition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as civil airport wheelmark test system structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is shown as laser range sensor plane figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is shown as laser range sensor of the present invention and lays left view.
Fig. 4 is shown as laser range sensor of the present invention and lays profile.
Fig. 5 is shown as instrument of the present invention and sets up basic schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is shown as instrument of the present invention erection and sensor size three-view diagram (is respectively front view, side view from left to right and bows
View).
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific instantiation, embodiments of the present invention being described, those skilled in the art can be by disclosed by this specification
Content understand other advantages and effect of the present invention easily.The present invention can also be added by the most different detailed description of the invention
To implement or application, the every details in this specification can also be based on different viewpoints and application, in the essence without departing from the present invention
Various modification or change is carried out under god.
Refer to Fig. 1-6.It should be noted that the diagram provided in the present embodiment illustrates that the present invention's is basic the most in a schematic way
Conception, the most graphic in component count, shape and size time only display with relevant assembly in the present invention rather than is implemented according to reality
Drawing, during its actual enforcement, the kenel of each assembly, quantity and ratio can be a kind of random change, and its assembly layout kenel is also
It is likely more complexity.
The present invention at least includes 3 laser range sensors, and laser range sensor can pass through solar cell for supplying power, and built-in
There is single-chip microcomputer.Laser range sensor is actually integrated with laser ranging module, control function, signal processing and data storage
System, and be placed in a high-grade Waterproof protection box, set up with a support.Described solaode is civil airport wheelmark
The main electric power system of test system, described single-chip microcomputer has data prediction and storage function.Data storage is by will be from
The 4-20mA analogue signal of laser ranging module is converted into the stored data of 2 systems and realizes.Lead between on-site component equipment
Cross the wired mode such as RS232 or cable transmission data or the signal of telecommunication.The outer wireless data transmission of on-site is by GPRS DTU number
Realize according to transmission unit.Set up the position installed for instrument, before field measurement data, set out the significant figure of target range
According to scope.Sun-generated electric power can continuously 3-5 days cloudy daies still can normally work, battery storage capacity is at least 32AH, too
The size of sun energy cell panel is about 800mm*1200mm.
A kind of civil airport wheelmark method of testing as shown in Figure 1, airport internal mounting part include 3 laser range sensors,
Single-chip microcomputer and corresponding solar electric power supply system.Aircraft is recorded at Runway operation middle-range measuring point distance, number by laser range sensor
According to being transferred to single-chip microcomputer and through pretreatment, data are transported to data management server, tester by the way of GPRS
Corresponding measured data can be obtained from data analysis interface.
As shown in Figures 2 to 4, laser range sensor mode of specifically laying in airport, three laser range sensors
The decorating position of Laser1, Laser2 and Laser3 is respectively as follows: laser instrument Laser1 and Laser2 and is erected at the race of runway one back gauge
At road centrage 80m, laser instrument Laser3 is erected at the position of runway another side distance runway centerline 80m, wherein laser
Device Laser1 and Laser2 is laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor, and Laser3 is laser type distance measuring sensor.Laser ranging passes
Sensor is used for survey aircraft tire lower outside and arrives the distance of laser range sensor, is not having aircraft through out-of-date, laser ranging
The laser beam of sensor to beat the top in runway road camber, and so return is that road camber top is fixed to the distance of laser range sensor
Value.In view of weeds height and the height of aircraft engine in Tu Mian district, airfield runway both sides, the antenna height of instrument is about
0.5m-1m, concrete condition is depending on the amount of crown.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the erection mode of laser range sensor, interfere to ensure airport security not to be run
And impact, the size of instrument has been carried out strict control (size is within 0.4*0.3*0.2m), and the design of support
The easy folded structure of base fully according to runway edge lights is designed, and height is at 0.5 to 1 meter, and support Design becomes liftable structure,
Can regulate according to site environment (landform, natural plant height).According to the hard-wired needs of instrument, breaking that Tu Mianqu installs instruments
Position, face, in order to ensure that what instrument can be stable carries out data acquisition, needing one piece of area of cast in situs is the cement of 1.0m*1.0m
Concrete slab, the degree of depth is 50cm, in order to retainer instrument support.The plate poured outside the venue can move at any time, has once tested,
Can be removed.First surrounding soil and grass process clean, then excavate out the pitting of a 1.0m*1.0m*0.5m, then
The cement concrete worked good is poured, according to the size of support foot rest, the aperture of reserved certain quantity, facilitates next
The overlap joint of step.Sensor stand runway edge lights base and foot rest easy to break support, and foot rest is fixedly mounted on cement concrete slab
On reserved aperture.And fraction of cement can be poured as required further around foot rest, to reach the work of firm foot rest
With.
Embodiment 1
Civil airport wheelmark test system:
In Hongqiao Airport, the western runway south carries out wheelmark test system and test.Test system is by three laser range sensor ULS groups
Become.In this test, we select wherein 2 ULS, are placed on airport and measure.In view of airfield runway both sides soil
The weeds height in face district and the height of aircraft engine, the antenna height of instrument is about 0.8m.To departing aeroplane, wheelmark is horizontal
Distribution tests is intended at (the western runway in Hongqiao Airport) from 200 meters to 300 meters, the south of distance, principal direction runway (from south to north) end
Place is carried out, and this section essentially aircraft starts the position of sliding race after adjusting attitude, the circuit that aircraft is advanced is the most steady；To landing
Aircraft, according to the regulation of International Civil Aviation Organization, the length runway more than 2400 meters starts setting up at distance runway threshold 400m
Aiming point mark.By checking that the satellite photo on airport finds, the earthing position of aircraft and runway is at 300 meters～the model of 700 meters
Enclose ratio comparatively dense, therefore can using at selected distance runway 400m as the information gathering section for landing aircraft.
To sum up, this test and Selection is western runway laying instrument in Hongqiao Airport, tests departing aeroplane wheelmark distribution situation, according to machine
The change of weather, western runway is being the Main way taken off by the direction of Nan Wangbei, therefore selects to arrive in the distance south 200
About 300 meters arrange instrument and measure.Through consulting, the cross section place of laser1 and laser3 is defined as the race of distance west the most at last
At 241 meters, the south, road (" take off notice plate in cross point " side, this notice plate is towards taxiway, and height is 1.1 meters), laser2
Cross section place be at 301 meters, the western runway south, three sensor distance runway centerlines are about 60 meters, laser2
Distance laser1 about 60m.According to airport security administrative provisions, can not in the range of airfield runway two lateral extent runway centerline 75 meters
There is overhead object, but this instrument and equipment is in order to realize accurately collecting the purpose of data, plans instrument and is arranged on runway one
Notice plate side, side,
Interfering to ensure not run airport security and affect, the size of instrument has been carried out strict control, and (size is big
Little within 0.4*0.3*0.2m), and the design of support is designed, highly fully according to the easy folded structure of base of runway edge lights
At 0.5 to 1 meter, support Design becomes liftable structure, can regulate according to site environment (landform, natural plant height).According to instrument
The hard-wired needs of device, at the cross section place that Tu Mianqu installs instruments, in order to ensure that what instrument can be stable carries out data acquisition,
One piece of area of cast in situs is the cement concrete slab of 1.0m*1.0m, and the degree of depth is 50cm, in order to retainer instrument support.Water outside the venue
The plate built can move at any time, has once tested, and can be removed.First surrounding soil and grass clean out, then open
Dig out the pitting of a 1.0m*1.0m*0.5m, then the cement concrete worked good is poured, big according to support foot rest
Little, the aperture of reserved certain quantity, facilitate next step overlap joint.Sensor stand runway edge lights base and foot rest easy to break
Support, foot rest is fixedly mounted on the aperture that cement concrete slab is reserved.And as required can be further around foot rest
Pour fraction of cement, to reach the effect of firm foot rest.Sensor (size is 0.35m*0.25m*0.15m) passes through foot rest
It is fixed in cement concrete slab region, about 0.5 to 1.0m above ground level, lift adjustment can be done up and down.
In order to control the size of equipment as far as possible, this instrument uses lithium battery, and the capacity of lithium battery meets the electricity consumption in one week of instrument
Amount, marches into the arena weekly and once changes battery, and the size of lithium battery is: 185mm*185mm*122mm.Because lithium battery
Size is little, can be directly placed at bracket base, and an entirety tied up into by the whole instrument made.Make whole equipment big as far as possible
Little and Altitude control is in suitable scope, and the safe operation to airport does not impacts.
Instrument and equipment is equipped with and protects shell accordingly, is possible to prevent accidental damage；In order to ensure that instrument is not subject to during test data
To hay mover or the damage of other construction operations of airport, after setting up instrument, should set up areas adjacent radius at least 2m's at instrument
It is beautiful that scope arranges significantly warning.The most periodically march into the arena and carry out the safety inspection of instrument, including checking whether warning mark is subject to
Destroying, as beautiful in warning damaging badly should process in time.
Owing to air station flight reaches the amount of 600 to 700 sorties every day, data acquisition have collected enough samples at 1 time-of-week
Data, detailed data is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Data according to laser1 and laser3 can draw the type of aircraft, thus learns each data of airframe, wheel,
Further according to taking turns range measurement before and after three sensors, the wheelmark distribution of aircraft front and back wheel can be drawn.Respectively fly further according in table 1
Wheelmark distributed data during machine landing, can calculate the overall payload data of airport airstrips.
In sum, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcoming of the prior art and has high industrial utilization.
The principle of above-described embodiment only illustrative present invention and effect thereof, not for limiting the present invention.Any it is familiar with this skill
Above-described embodiment all can be modified under the spirit and the scope of the present invention or change by the personage of art.Therefore, such as
All that in art, tool usually intellectual is completed under without departing from disclosed spirit and technological thought etc.
Effect is modified or changes, and must be contained by the claim of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an airport wheelmark method of testing, comprises the steps:
1) two or more laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor is set, the laser light of described each laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor in runway side
Restraint each parallel to runway surface and the centrage that is perpendicular to runway；
2) opposite side at runway arranges a laser type distance measuring sensor, described laser type distance measuring sensor and one of them
The line of laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor is perpendicular to the centrage of runway；
3) when aircraft is by runway, by laser type distance measuring sensor and laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor, before survey aircraft,
Distance outside rear wheel and between distance measuring sensor；
4) according to laser type distance measuring sensor and the data of relative laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor thereof, it is judged that the type of aircraft,
Data further according to each distance measuring sensor draw the wheelmark of aircraft；
Tranmitting frequency >=the 2000Hz of described distance measuring sensor；
Described distance measuring sensor distance runway centerline 60-100m；
The antenna height of described distance measuring sensor is 0.5-1.1m, the rubber part of distance measuring sensor alignment airplane wheel outer lower portion.
2. a kind of airport as claimed in claim 1 wheelmark method of testing, it is characterised in that described distance measuring sensor is installed on support,
Distance measuring sensor can receive return signal accurately.
3. a kind of airport as claimed in claim 1 wheelmark method of testing, it is characterised in that the measurement scope of described distance measuring sensor
>=60m, precision reaches a millimeter rank.
4. a kind of airport as claimed in claim 1 wheelmark method of testing, it is characterised in that described distance measuring sensor is provided with waterproofing protection
Box.
5. the airport wheelmark method of testing as described in claim 1-4 any claim calculates the purposes in field at runway load.
6. purposes as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described runway load calculates the purposes in field particularly as follows: use
Described airport wheelmark method of testing calculates wheelmark distribution during each takeoff and landing, show that airport flies further according to wheelmark distributed data
The payload data of machine runway.
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| CN201410143373.4A CN103983978B (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-04-11 | A kind of airport wheelmark method of testing |
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| CN201410143373.4A CN103983978B (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-04-11 | A kind of airport wheelmark method of testing |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107957259B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-06-04 | 深圳大学 | Wheelmark cross direction profiles measuring system and measurement method |
| CN109459758B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2023-02-28 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Traffic distribution testing system and method for airport runway |
| CN109444907B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2023-02-28 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | System and method for testing transverse distribution change rule of airplane wheel track |
| CN110515087B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2022-12-23 | 中国民航大学 | Portable road surface wheel mark testing device |
| CN111814247B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2022-08-16 | 同济大学 | Aircraft landing safety risk assessment system based on wet and slippery state perception |
| CN114353666B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-05-02 | 同济大学 | Analysis method for running behavior state of airfield runway plane |
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| US6324489B1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-11-27 | Safegate International Ab | Aircraft identification and docking guidance systems |
| FR2911713B1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2014-03-21 | Thales Sa | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MEASURING DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF AN AIRCRAFT EXTENDING ON A AIRPORT AREA |
| CN202649484U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-01-02 | 长春奥普光电技术股份有限公司 | Airfield pavement foreign matter monitoring system |
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