CN103983509A - Stress entire curve testing device and method - Google Patents
Stress entire curve testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103983509A CN103983509A CN201410236062.2A CN201410236062A CN103983509A CN 103983509 A CN103983509 A CN 103983509A CN 201410236062 A CN201410236062 A CN 201410236062A CN 103983509 A CN103983509 A CN 103983509A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及试验技术领域，尤其是一种混凝土或岩石等脆性材料受压全曲线试验装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of testing, in particular to a compression full curve testing device and method for brittle materials such as concrete or rocks.
背景技术Background technique
混凝土的应力－应变关系是钢筋混凝土构件强度计算、超静定结构内力分析、结构延性计算和钢筋混凝土有限元分析的基础。几十年来，人们作了广泛的努力，研究混凝土应力－应变关系。混凝土的受压和受拉应力应变全曲线,能很好反映它的基本力学特性,是研究混凝土结构和钢筋混凝土结构的强度、变形、损伤和断裂理论的主要依据之一。The stress-strain relationship of concrete is the basis for strength calculation of reinforced concrete members, internal force analysis of statically indeterminate structures, structural ductility calculation and finite element analysis of reinforced concrete. For decades, extensive efforts have been made to study the stress-strain relationship in concrete. The compressive and tensile stress-strain full curves of concrete can well reflect its basic mechanical properties, and it is one of the main bases for studying the strength, deformation, damage and fracture theory of concrete structures and reinforced concrete structures.
但混凝土属于准脆性材料，获得其应力应变全曲线的试验技术比较困难。经过不断努力和尝试，科研人员逐渐发现混凝土脆性破坏主要是由于试验机刚度不足造成的重要结论，后来很多学者开始采用刚度很大的试验机进行混凝土全曲线试验研究。近阶段研究成果表明，采用液压伺服试验机比如MTS和INSTRON按照位移或试件本身变形为控制进行全曲线试验效果更好。However, concrete is a quasi-brittle material, and it is difficult to obtain its full stress-strain curve test technique. After continuous efforts and attempts, researchers gradually discovered that the brittle failure of concrete is mainly due to the insufficient stiffness of the testing machine. Later, many scholars began to use the testing machine with high stiffness to conduct full-curve test research on concrete. Recent research results show that it is better to use hydraulic servo testing machines such as MTS and INSTRON to control the displacement or deformation of the specimen itself to perform full-curve tests.
若想得到有效的混凝土应力应变全曲线，必须要在试验中采集准确的试件变形值。而当混凝土在受压达到或接近最大荷载时，试件内部及表面开始出现裂缝，继续加载时，试件表面甚至会脱落，在试件表面粘贴应变片或绑定引伸计都会受到影响，无法全过程采集到真实有效的变形。而试验机自身的位移由于存在各种衔接缝隙，也只能作为参考。In order to obtain an effective concrete stress-strain full curve, it is necessary to collect accurate specimen deformation values in the test. However, when the concrete is under compression at or close to the maximum load, cracks begin to appear inside and on the surface of the specimen, and the surface of the specimen may even fall off when the load continues. Pasting strain gauges or binding extensometers on the surface of the specimen will be affected, and cannot The real and effective deformation is collected in the whole process. The displacement of the testing machine itself can only be used as a reference due to the existence of various connection gaps.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术的不足，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种试验装置，引伸计固定在该装置上能够全过程采集试件变形，不受试件达到峰值后损坏的影响，而且采集位移值只包括试件的变形。Aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a test device, the extensometer is fixed on the device and can collect the deformation of the test piece in the whole process, and is not affected by the damage of the test piece after reaching the peak value, and the acquisition Displacement values include only the deformation of the specimen.
为解决上述问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种受压全曲线试验装置，包括引伸计和引伸计固定架，其特征在于：引伸计固定架包括上下两个套环，伸缩导杆安装在两套环之间，引伸计安装在伸缩导杆上连接试验机；引伸计固定架高度不小于试件高度，引伸计固定架四周与试件不接触。A compression full-curve test device, including an extensometer and an extensometer fixing frame, is characterized in that: the extensometer fixing frame includes two upper and lower collars, the telescopic guide rod is installed between the two collars, and the extensometer is installed on the telescopic guide The testing machine is connected on the pole; the height of the extensometer fixing frame is not less than the height of the test piece, and the surrounding area of the extensometer fixing frame does not contact the test piece.
优选的，伸缩导杆包括两根凹凸对接的凹杆和凸杆，凹杆具有凹槽，凹槽内设有弹簧，凸杆凸出部分伸入凹槽内与弹簧接触，凸杆与凹杆的连接段的直径大于弹簧内径；引伸计两刀口分别绑定在凹杆和凸杆上。Preferably, the telescopic guide rod includes two concave rods and a convex rod with concave and convex butt joints. The concave rod has a groove, and a spring is arranged in the groove. The diameter of the connecting section is larger than the inner diameter of the spring; the two blades of the extensometer are respectively bound on the concave rod and the convex rod.
优选的，沿套环一周设有供伸缩导杆穿过的圆孔，伸缩导杆两端连接支座。Preferably, round holes are provided along the circumference of the collar for the telescopic guide rods to pass through, and the two ends of the telescopic guide rods are connected to supports.
优选的，支座为万向球铰支座，万向球铰支座设有与伸缩导杆连接的螺纹接口。Preferably, the support is a universal spherical joint support, and the universal spherical joint support is provided with a threaded interface connected with the telescopic guide rod.
优选的，套环为圆形，沿一周间隔90°设置四个圆孔或间隔120°设置三个圆孔，伸缩导杆两端与套环安装部位直径小于圆孔直径，中间段直径大于圆孔直径。Preferably, the collar is circular, four round holes are set at intervals of 90° or three round holes are arranged at intervals of 120° along the circumference, the diameter of the two ends of the telescopic guide rod and the installation part of the collar is smaller than the diameter of the round hole, and the diameter of the middle section is larger than the diameter of the circle. hole diameter.
优选的，套环为方形，沿一周间隔90°设置四个圆孔，伸缩导杆两端与套环安装部位直径小于圆孔直径，中间段直径大于圆孔直径。Preferably, the collar is square, and four round holes are arranged at intervals of 90° along a circle, the diameter of the two ends of the telescopic guide rod and the installation part of the collar is smaller than the diameter of the round hole, and the diameter of the middle section is larger than the diameter of the round hole.
优选的，引伸计固定架所用材料为轻质合金。Preferably, the material used for the extensometer fixing frame is light alloy.
一种受压全曲线试验装置的试验方法，包括如下几个步骤：A test method for a pressure full curve test device, comprising the following steps:
一、安装试验装置：先放置下部套环，将试件放于套环中间，凸杆伸入凹杆与弹簧接触，将伸缩导杆插入套环周围圆孔，同时从套环底部将万向球铰支座与伸缩导杆拧紧，然后安装上部套环，将套环套在试件外面，圆孔穿过伸缩导杆上端外螺纹段，从套环上面拧紧万向球铰支座；1. Install the test device: first place the lower collar, put the test piece in the middle of the collar, extend the convex rod into the concave rod and contact the spring, insert the telescopic guide rod into the round hole around the collar, and at the same time insert the universal joint from the bottom of the collar. Tighten the ball hinge support and the telescopic guide rod, then install the upper collar, put the collar on the outside of the test piece, pass the round hole through the external thread section at the upper end of the telescopic guide rod, and tighten the universal ball hinge support from the collar;
安装完毕后，试件固定架的高度不小于试件高度，引伸计固定架安装在试验机上下压板之间；After installation, the height of the specimen fixing frame shall not be less than the height of the specimen, and the extensometer fixing frame shall be installed between the upper and lower platens of the testing machine;
二、启动试验机，使上下压板压缩伸缩导杆并接触试件，上下压板压紧试件施加荷载至预设入口力后暂停试验机，将引伸计两刀口分别绑定在凹杆和凸杆上，可以随同伸缩导杆一起变形，引伸计数据采集端连接试验机；2. Start the testing machine, make the upper and lower pressing plates compress the telescopic guide rod and contact the specimen, press the upper and lower pressing plates to press the specimen and apply the load to the preset entrance force, then stop the testing machine, and bind the two knife edges of the extensometer to the concave rod and the convex rod respectively It can be deformed together with the telescopic guide rod, and the data acquisition end of the extensometer is connected to the testing machine;
三、继续启动试验机，以引伸计的变形作为加载速度控制信号继续加载，直至加载到试验目标值，记录试验机的荷载值和引伸计变形值。3. Continue to start the testing machine, use the deformation of the extensometer as the loading speed control signal to continue loading until it reaches the test target value, and record the load value of the testing machine and the deformation value of the extensometer.
本发明具有如下有益效果：引伸计固定架不是依附于试件上，因此试件开裂甚至表面脱落不会连带固定架，因此引伸计设在该固定架上，整个过程可以稳定采集数据；该固定架是安放在试验机上下压板之间，采集的数据为试验机上下压板之间的位移，而压板压实试件上下表面后，上下压板之间的相对位移就是试件的变形，也就是说通过该固定架，引伸计仅采集了试件的变形值。拆卸方便，试验结束后方便拆卸保管。The invention has the following beneficial effects: the extensometer fixing frame is not attached to the test piece, so the cracking of the test piece or even the surface falling off will not involve the fixing frame, so the extensometer is set on the fixing frame, and the whole process can collect data stably; the fixing The frame is placed between the upper and lower pressure plates of the testing machine, and the data collected is the displacement between the upper and lower pressure plates of the testing machine. After the pressure plates compact the upper and lower surfaces of the specimen, the relative displacement between the upper and lower pressure plates is the deformation of the specimen, that is to say Through this fixed frame, the extensometer only collects the deformation value of the specimen. It is easy to disassemble, and it is convenient to disassemble and store after the test.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1：本发明受压全曲线试验装置结构示意图；Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure full curve test device of the present invention;
图2：引伸计固定架结构示意图；Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the structure of the extensometer fixing frame;
图3：伸缩导杆结构示意图；Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic guide rod;
图4：一种套环结构示意图；Figure 4: A schematic diagram of a collar structure;
图5：一种套环结构示意图；Figure 5: A schematic diagram of a collar structure;
图6：一种套环结构示意图。Figure 6: Schematic diagram of a collar structure.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
结合附图，对本发明做进一步详细说明。In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in further detail.
一种受压全曲线试验装置，包括引伸计1和引伸计固定架2，引伸计固定架2包括上下两个套环21，伸缩导杆22安装在两套环21之间，引伸计1安装在伸缩导杆22上连接试验机；引伸计固定架2高度不小于试件3高度，引伸计固定架2四周与试件3不接触。A compression full curve test device, comprising an extensometer 1 and an extensometer fixing frame 2, the extensometer fixing frame 2 includes two upper and lower collars 21, a telescopic guide rod 22 is installed between the two collars 21, and the extensometer 1 is installed Connect the testing machine on the telescopic guide rod 22; the height of the extensometer fixing frame 2 is not less than the height of the test piece 3, and the surroundings of the extensometer fixing frame 2 are not in contact with the test piece 3.
伸缩导杆22包括两根凹凸对接的凹杆23和凸杆24，凹杆23具有凹槽，凹槽内设有弹簧25，凸杆24凸出部分伸入凹槽内与弹簧25接触，凸杆24与凹杆23的连接段的直径大于弹簧25内径，引伸计1两刀口分别绑定在凹杆23和凸杆24上，伸缩导杆22两端设有螺纹接口26。沿套环21一周设有供伸缩导杆22穿过的圆孔27，伸缩导杆22两端连接万向球铰支座28，万向球铰支座28设有与伸缩导杆22连接的螺纹接口。套环21为圆形或方形，沿一周间隔90°设置四个圆孔27或间隔120°设置三个圆孔27，伸缩导杆22两端与套环21安装部位直径小于圆孔27直径，中间段直径大于圆孔27直径。The telescopic guide rod 22 comprises two concave and convex concave rods 23 and convex rods 24, the concave rod 23 has a groove, the groove is provided with a spring 25, and the protruding part of the convex rod 24 stretches into the groove to contact with the spring 25, and the convex rod 23 has a groove. The diameter of the connecting section between the rod 24 and the concave rod 23 is larger than the inner diameter of the spring 25, and the two blades of the extensometer 1 are respectively bound on the concave rod 23 and the convex rod 24, and the two ends of the telescopic guide rod 22 are provided with threaded interfaces 26. A round hole 27 is provided along the collar 21 for the telescopic guide rod 22 to pass through. Threaded interface. The collar 21 is circular or square, and four round holes 27 are arranged at intervals of 90° or three round holes 27 are arranged at intervals of 120° along the circumference. The diameter of the middle section is greater than the diameter of the circular hole 27 .
引伸计固定架2所用材料为轻质合金。The material used for the extensometer fixing frame 2 is light alloy.
一种受压全曲线试验装置的试验方法，包括如下几个步骤：A test method for a pressure full curve test device, comprising the following steps:
一、安装试验装置：先放置下部套环，将试件放于套环中间，凸杆伸入凹杆与弹簧接触，将伸缩导杆插入套环周围圆孔，同时从套环底部将万向球铰支座与伸缩导杆拧紧，然后安装上部套环，将套环套在试件外面，圆孔穿过伸缩导杆上端外螺纹段，从套环上面拧紧万向球铰支座；1. Install the test device: first place the lower collar, put the test piece in the middle of the collar, extend the convex rod into the concave rod and contact the spring, insert the telescopic guide rod into the round hole around the collar, and at the same time insert the universal joint from the bottom of the collar. Tighten the ball hinge support and the telescopic guide rod, then install the upper collar, put the collar on the outside of the test piece, pass the round hole through the external thread section at the upper end of the telescopic guide rod, and tighten the universal ball hinge support from the collar;
安装完毕后，试件固定架的高度不小于试件高度，引伸计固定架安装在试验机上下压板之间；After installation, the height of the specimen fixing frame shall not be less than the height of the specimen, and the extensometer fixing frame shall be installed between the upper and lower platens of the testing machine;
二、启动试验机，使上下压板压缩伸缩导杆并接触试件，上下压板压紧试件施加荷载至预设入口力后暂停试验机，将引伸计两刀口分别绑定在凹杆和凸杆上，可以随同伸缩导杆一起变形，引伸计数据采集端连接试验机；2. Start the testing machine, make the upper and lower pressing plates compress the telescopic guide rod and contact the specimen, press the upper and lower pressing plates to press the specimen and apply the load to the preset entrance force, then stop the testing machine, and bind the two knife edges of the extensometer to the concave rod and the convex rod respectively It can be deformed together with the telescopic guide rod, and the data acquisition end of the extensometer is connected to the testing machine;
三、继续启动试验机，以引伸计的变形作为加载速度控制信号继续加载，直至加载到试验目标值，记录试验机的荷载值和引伸计变形值。3. Continue to start the testing machine, use the deformation of the extensometer as the loading speed control signal to continue loading until it reaches the test target value, and record the load value of the testing machine and the deformation value of the extensometer.
套环的作用是架立伸缩导杆，套环与四周伸缩导杆夹紧后形成一个框架体系，试件至于该框架体系中间，框架与试件不接触，不受试件破坏影响，仅测量试件整个高度的受压变形。The function of the collar is to set up the telescopic guide rod. After the collar is clamped with the surrounding telescopic guide rods, a frame system is formed. The specimen is placed in the middle of the frame system. The frame does not contact the specimen and is not affected by the damage of the specimen. Deformation in compression over the entire height of the specimen.
万向球铰支座的作用是：如果受压过程中出现上下压板有倾斜时，可以跟随压板一起调整。The function of the universal spherical joint support is: if the upper and lower pressure plates are inclined during the compression process, it can be adjusted together with the pressure plate.
尽管本发明就优选实施方式进行了示意和描述，但本领域的技术人员应当理解，只要不超出本发明的权利要求所限定的范围，可以对本发明进行各种变化和修改。Although the present invention has been illustrated and described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
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| CN105352797A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-24 | 河海大学 | Magnetic device and method for fixing rock axial tensile specimen extensometer auxiliary assembly |
| CN108562489A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-21 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of displacement measuring device and testing machine suitable for material tensile test |
| CN109060518A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2018-12-21 | 常熟正昊电子科技有限公司 | A kind of tensile test fixture of long test specimen |
| CN111964568A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 | Method for testing micro deformation of sandwich structure or core under compression load |
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Application publication date: 20140813 |