CN103978310A - Method and device for repairing small crack on surface of metal structural component - Google Patents

Method and device for repairing small crack on surface of metal structural component Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103978310A
CN103978310A CN201410191284.7A CN201410191284A CN103978310A CN 103978310 A CN103978310 A CN 103978310A CN 201410191284 A CN201410191284 A CN 201410191284A CN 103978310 A CN103978310 A CN 103978310A
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China
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laser
crack
connector
nozzle
repairing
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CN201410191284.7A
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CN103978310B (en
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蒋玮
曾庆团
裴斐
徐莘博
瑞子万
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342Build-up welding

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for repairing a small crack on the surface of a metal structural component, and relates to a method and a device for repairing a small crack on a metal surface. The method for repairing the small crack on the surface of the metal structural component comprises the steps of forming a coaxial optical path by adopting a laser heating optical path and an observation optical path, detecting the crack by using an image collecting device and a distance sensor, detecting the temperature of a crack repairing area in real time by using a temperature sensor, and heating and repairing the crack by using a laser. The whole appearance of the device for repairing the small crack on the surface of the metal structural component adopts a gun-shaped structure, the device comprises a gun body, a detection system and a powder feeding device, and crack locating, laser beam repairing and powder feeding are integrated by the device. According to the device disclosed by the invention, the appearance size is small, the device is light, the device is not limited by the shape and the position of the crack when the device is used, and the damage to a base material during a repairing process is small. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the position of the small crack can be quickly and accurately determined, the small crack can be repaired, and the method is particularly suitable for original-position repairing of a small and irregular crack in a special position which cannot be repaired by a conventional laser repairing method due to the control on defect space position.

Description

A kind of hardware surface fine crack restorative procedure and device
Technical field
The invention belongs to hardware defect repair techniques field, relate to a kind of metal surface fine crack restorative procedure and device.
Background technology
Hardware is the various microfissures of inevitable generation in manufacture and military service process, such as weld crack, heat treatment crack, grinding crack, electric machining crackle, electric spark crackle, metal fatigue crackle, laser melting coating crackle etc., increase along with active time, microfissure is constantly expanded, cause the inefficacy of machine components, even cause outburst disaster incidents, bring about great losses to the country and people's property.Because the early stage expansion of microfissure mostly occurs at subrange, therefore to not yet reaching the early stage reparation of the local fine crack of the hardware of projected life, particularly great mechanized equipment parts, for saving resource, the life-span that extends equipment is particularly important.
At present, hardware method for repairing crack mainly contains normal welding technology and the laser filler welding based on laser technology and laser melting and coating technique etc.Adopt normal welding technology to use welding gun, " the two mouth portable gun welder " if application number be CN90222738 " portable gun welder " and application number is CN89203471, carries out the manual repair welding at crack defect position more.Owing to needing operator rule of thumb to judge position, opportunity, the repair time length and parameter of reparation in repair process completely, repairing quality is difficult to control.Laser filler welding and the laser melting and coating technique of employing based on laser technology, as " the aero engine turbine blades crackle repair novel construction skills based on laser melting and coating technique " such as Wang Dingjiang, New Technologies, 2010, (8): 72-74.Although repairing quality is fully guaranteed, yet existing laser weld and laser cladding equipment are bulky, need complicated digital control system and driver part, and equipment cost is high; And laser weld and laser cladding equipment repair according to specific program path for a kind of or a class workpiece conventionally, versatility is poor, repairs limited location, cannot implement the reparation of on-the-spot irregular crackle, and repairing quality is poor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the defect of prior art, invent a kind of hardware surface fine crack restorative procedure and device, this device integrates crackle location, repairs laser beam and powder feeding, can determine the position of fine crack fast accurate and repair, be particularly useful for being subject to defect locus to limit, the original position reparation of the small and irregular crackle of specific position that conventional laser restorative procedure cannot be implemented.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is a kind of hardware surface fine crack restorative procedure and device, this restorative procedure adopts LASER HEATING light path and observation optical path to form coaxial light path, with image collecting device and range sensor, detect crackle, with temperature sensor Real-Time Monitoring crackle, repair the temperature in district, with laser instrument, heat, repair crack, restorative procedure is divided into detection and repairs two steps, detecting step is: by CCD industrial camera and coaxial optics circuit structure figure as harvester, collection enlarged image signal are to determine the position of hardware surface fine crack, by range sensor, detect the nozzle of crackle prosthetic device to the distance of crackle, in the time of in the burnt segment limit of laser lens that this distance is being set, open laser instrument, heat cracked zone to be repaired, by temperature sensor Real-Time Monitoring crackle, repaired the temperature in district, until LASER HEATING temperature reaches the softening point of material, reparation step is: when LASER HEATING crackle, repair after district's temperature arrives material softening point and open air compressor, with certain gases at high pressure, the metal dust in storage powder tank is delivered to crackle and repairs district, and control metal dust conveying capacity by flowmeter, at repair process, finally adopt air rammer to drive push rod to impact the material that also compacting is sprayed on restoring area, guarantee to be added on the material of cracks and be repaired the abundant combination of part mother metal, improve and repair reliability and repairing quality.
Adopt above-mentioned technology to carry out crackle reparation, the monnolithic case of the prosthetic device using is rifle type structure, comprise rifle body, detection system and three parts of dust feeder: in rifle body, one end of Laser Focusing module 10 is connected with laser input 11, the other end is connected with the second L shaped connector 9; From described Laser Focusing module 10, the first Laser Focusing retainer ring 26 is installed from left to right successively, collimating mirror 27, the second Laser Focusing retainer rings 28, focus lamp 29, the three Laser Focusing retainer rings 30; Between the second L shaped connector 9 and L shaped the first connector 5, dichroic mirror 8 is installed, and to make the angle of itself and laser beam axis OO' be 45 °; The left end of nozzle 1 is arranged on the first connector 5 by positioning boss; Connector upper junction plate 7 is arranged on the first connector 5 and the second connector 9 tops, and air cylinder support 6 and cylinder 4 are installed on connector upper junction plate 7; Connector lower connecting plate 24 is arranged on the first connector 5 and the second connector 9 belows, and by screw 23, handle 22 is connected on rifle body; On nozzle 1, have jet hole a, push rod passage c, temperature sensor passage e and powder feeding passage b and d, and above-mentioned passage intersects at same point on optical axis; Right main shell 40 and left main shell 41 are arranged on the overall structure outside after above-mentioned assembling, and protecgulum 2 and bonnet 12 are arranged on respectively the front-end and back-end of right main shell 40 and left main shell 41; LASER HEATING optical routing laser input 11, Laser Focusing module 10, dichroic mirror 8 and nozzle 1 form;
In detection system, observation optical path consists of nozzle 1, dichroic mirror 8, reflection channel 38, speculum 21, CCD enlarging lens group 32 and CCD industrial camera 31, and observation optical path and LASER HEATING light path form coaxial light path; Range sensor 25 is arranged on the below of nozzle 1; Temperature sensor 39 is arranged on the right-hand of nozzle 1 by the temperature sensor passage e of nozzle 1; Reflection channel 38 one end are arranged on the first connector 5 lefts, and the other end is connected with lower reflection mirror case 20 with upper reflector box 19, and speculum 21 is arranged between upper reflector box 19 and lower reflection mirror case 20, with the angle of laser beam axis OO' be 45 °; One end of CCD enlarging lens group 32 is connected with lower reflection mirror case 20 with upper reflector box 19 by detent, and the other end of CCD enlarging lens group 32 is connected with CCD industrial camera 31 by screw thread; In CCD enlarging lens group 32, from right-to-left, first camera amplifying lens retainer ring 37 is installed successively, first camera amplifying lens 36, second camera amplifying lens retainer ring 35, second camera amplifying lens 34, third phase machine amplifying lens retainer ring 33; On large L shaped side shell 17 and side shell under 18 be arranged on up and down the outside of CCD industrial camera 31, CCD enlarging lens group 32, upper reflector box 19, lower reflection mirror case 20 and reflection channel 38, and be connected by screw together;
In dust feeder, the two ends that are positioned at the storage powder tank 14 of Laser Focusing module 10 both sides are connected to respectively snorkel 13 and flowmeter 15; One end of powder feeding pipe 16 is connected with flowmeter 15, and the other end is through powder feeding passage b and d powder feeding in nozzle 1; The design of storage powder tank, in prosthetic device, has reduced the loss on the way of metal dust, has avoided the waste of metal dust.
Nozzle 1 adopts silicon nitride material, and whole designs of nozzles becomes an integral body, have push rod passage c, temperature sensor passage e and powder feeding passage b and d above, and above-mentioned passage intersects at same point on optical axis; Push rod 3 is led and is supported by push rod passage c, can accurately hit and repair position, to guarantee that metal dust is in crackle repair place and the abundant combination of part mother metal, improves and repairs reliability; By laser input 11, Laser Focusing module 10, the LASER HEATING light path that dichroic mirror 8 and nozzle 1 form forms coaxial light path with the crackle observation optical path being comprised of nozzle 1, dichroic mirror 8, reflection channel 38, speculum 21, CCD enlarging lens group 32 and CCD industrial camera 31.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the monnolithic case of device adopts rifle type structure to have flexibility and portability; The coaxial optical amplification system of employing based on CCD industrial camera, can quick and precisely determine the position of fine crack; Adopt temperature sensor, range sensor and flowmeter to measure in real time crackle rehabilitation center temperature in crackle repair process, workpiece to parameters such as the distance of nozzle and metal dust conveying capacities, set up communicating by letter between sensor and computer, facilitate the control of repairing quality; The design of storage powder tank, in prosthetic device, has reduced the loss on the way of metal dust; At repair process, finally adopt air rammer to drive push rod with compacting, to be sprayed on the material of restoring area, can guarantee to be added on the material of cracks and be repaired the abundant combination of part mother metal, improve and repair reliability and repairing quality.This prosthetic device appearance and size is little, light, is not subject to the restriction of crack shape, position during use, and repair process is little to mother metal damage, can realize crackle fast, equal strength and original position reparation, the economic environmental protection of repair process.For the reparation of hardware face crack with extend its life-span and have broad application prospects and economic worth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overall structure 3-D view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is overall structure A-A view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that H is to nozzle face view.
Fig. 4 is overall structure B-B view of the present invention.
In figure: 1. nozzle, 2. protecgulum, 3. push rod, 4. cylinder, 5. the first connector, 6. air cylinder support, 7. connector upper junction plate, 8. dichroic mirror, 9. the second connector, 10. Laser Focusing module, 11. laser inputs, 12. bonnets, 13. snorkels, 14. storage powder tanks, 15. flowmeters, 16. powder feeding pipe, on 17. side shells, under 18. side shells, 19. upper reflector boxes, 20. times reflection mirror cases, 21. speculums, 22. handles, 23. screws, 24. connector lower connecting plates, 25. range sensors, 26. first Laser Focusing retainer rings, 27. collimating mirrors, 28. second Laser Focusing retainer rings, 29. focus lamps, 30. the 3rd Laser Focusing retainer rings, 31.CCD industrial camera, 32.CCD enlarging lens group, 33. third phase machine amplifying lens retainer rings, 34. second camera amplifying lenses, 35. second camera amplifying lens retainer rings, 36. first camera amplifying lenses, 37. first camera amplifying lens retainer rings, 38. reflection channels, 39. temperature sensors, 40. right main shells, 41. left main shells.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and technical scheme, describe specific embodiment of the invention in detail.
The workflow of whole device is: first hand-held this device of operating personnel keeps vertical with reparation surface, and the image showing by observing computer display moves this device and finds crack position; Regulate nozzle 1 to the distance of workpiece again, in the time of in the burnt segment limit that the distance that range sensor 25 detects is set at laser lens, start laser instrument, laser process Laser Focusing module 10 and dichroic mirror 8 project surface of the work crackle repair place are heated; Use temperature sensor 39 Real-Time Monitoring crackle rehabilitation center temperature simultaneously, when temperature reaches material softening point, start air compressor, to crackle repair place transferring metal powder, and measure powder sending quantity to preset value with flowmeter 15; After reparation finishes, air compressor is supplied gas push rod 3 is ejected, and impacts crackle repair position to guarantee cracks interpolation material and the abundant combination of part mother metal with certain strength, guarantees repairing quality.
As shown in Figure 1, prosthetic device laser input 11 is connected with continuous wave laser by optical fiber.As shown in Figures 2 and 4, the axis OO' of crackle prosthetic device is for repairing the route of laser process used; By laser input 11, Laser Focusing module 10, the LASER HEATING light path that dichroic mirror 8 and nozzle 1 form forms coaxial light path with the crackle observation optical path being comprised of nozzle 1, dichroic mirror 8, reflection channel 38, speculum 21, CCD enlarging lens group 32 and CCD industrial camera 31.Laser beam focuses on a bit by Laser Focusing module 10, and is radiated at surface of the work cracks to be repaired after penetrating by the jet hole a on nozzle 1, treats repair crack region and heats; Dichroic mirror 8 has the property that allows specific wavelength light pass through, and still with original route, propagates after allowing laser beam to see through; The jet hole a of the reverberation of cracks on nozzle 1 enters the reflection channel 38 that enters the left side by 8 reflections of 45 ° of dichroic mirrors change direction, through 45 ° of speculums 21, enter CCD enlarging lens group 32 and the CCD industrial camera 31 that is positioned at rear portion again, the image collecting will be passed into computer and process, and operating personnel just can be observed crack position and relevant information.During work, hand-held this device of operating personnel keeps vertical, shows the movement of image by observing display screen, can find crack position and repair.
As shown in Figures 3 and 4, at laser, crack surfaces is carried out in heating process, employing is arranged on the temperature sensor 39 Real-Time Monitoring crackle rehabilitation center temperature in nozzle 1 temperature sensor passage e, when temperature reaches material softening point, start air compressor, to crackle repair place transferring metal powder, and measure powder sending quantity to preset value with flowmeter 15; As shown in Figures 2 and 3, after reparation finishes, air compressor is supplied gas push rod 3 push rod passage c from nozzle 1 is ejected, and with certain strength, impact crackle and repair position to guarantee cracks interpolation material and the abundant combination of part mother metal, thus assurance repairing quality.
Fine crack prosthetic device comprises a set of dust feeder, and as shown in figs. 1 and 3, the storage powder tank 14 that is positioned at Laser Focusing module 10 both sides is equipped with the metal dust identical with containing crackle part material.During powder feeding, the high speed output gas flow of air compressor is taken the powder quantitatively in storage powder tank 14 out of tank body by snorkel 13, the gaseous mixture of metal dust and gas enters powder feeding pipe 16 through flowmeter 15, by powder feeding pipe 16 through the powder feeding passage b of nozzle 1 and d powder feeding to laser beam foucing place, the design of storage powder tank is in prosthetic device, can reduce the loss on the way of metal dust, avoid the waste of metal dust.
As shown in figs. 1 and 4, the first connector 5 and the second connector 9 are keys that device is connected, and the first connector 5 and the second connector 9 are divided into two parts along diagonal: in the middle of the first connector 5 and the second connector 9, dichroic mirror 8 is installed.Owing to being unfavorable for assembling location after being divided into two parts along diagonal, therefore the upper and lower surface at the first connector 5 and the second connector 9 respectively arranges a foursquare boss, and has designed connector upper junction plate 7 and connector lower connecting plate 24 positions and fixes two of connector projection sections.Connector upper junction plate 7 one side is designed with the square pit matching with connector, the first connector 5 and the second connector 9 is positioned, and be connected by screw and carry out fastening to connector; Another side is strip boss, and convenient and air cylinder support 6 positions; In like manner, connector lower connecting plate 24 is connected with handle 22 by screw.The first connector 5 is respectively with the second connector 9 sides the interface being connected with nozzle 1, reflection channel 38 and Laser Focusing module 10.Interface mainly consists of two parts, is respectively the location annular boss of use and the screwed hole of fastening use.The ring-type locating surface of the parts such as the anchor ring by boss outside and nozzle matches.
This invention integrates crackle location, repairs laser beam and powder feeding, can determine the position of fine crack fast accurate and repair, be particularly useful for being subject to defect locus to limit, the original position reparation of the small and irregular crackle of specific position in the Large-Scale Equipment that conventional laser restorative procedure cannot be implemented, and repair process is little to mother metal damage, economic environmental protection, by contributing to extend the life-span of Large-Scale Equipment, economizes on resources.

Claims (3)

1. hardware surface fine crack restorative procedure, it is characterized in that, this restorative procedure adopts LASER HEATING light path and observation optical path to form coaxial light path, with image collecting device and range sensor, detect crackle, with temperature sensor Real-Time Monitoring crackle, repair the temperature in district, with laser instrument heating, repair crack; Restorative procedure is divided into detection and repairs two steps, and concrete steps are as follows:
Detecting step:
(1) by CCD industrial camera and coaxial optics circuit structure figure as harvester, gather and enlarged image signal to determine the position of hardware surface fine crack;
(2) by range sensor, detect the nozzle of crackle prosthetic device to the distance of crackle, in the time of in the burnt segment limit of laser lens that this distance is being set, open laser instrument, heat cracked zone to be repaired;
(3) by temperature sensor Real-Time Monitoring crackle, repaired the temperature in district, until LASER HEATING temperature reaches the softening point of material;
Repair step:
(1) LASER HEATING crackle is repaired after district's temperature arrives material softening point and is opened air compressor, with certain gases at high pressure, the metal dust in storage powder tank is delivered to crackle and repairs district, and control metal dust conveying capacity by flowmeter;
(2) at repair process, finally adopt air rammer to drive push rod to impact the material that also compacting is sprayed on restoring area, guarantee to be added on the material of cracks and be repaired the abundant combination of part mother metal.
2. according to a kind of hardware claimed in claim 1 surface fine crack restorative procedure, it is characterized in that, the device monnolithic case that the method adopts adopts rifle type structure, comprises rifle body, detection system and three parts of dust feeder;
In rifle body, one end of Laser Focusing module (10) is connected with laser input (11), and the other end is connected with L shaped the second connector (9); The first Laser Focusing retainer ring (26) is installed successively from left to right in described Laser Focusing module (10), collimating mirror (27), the second Laser Focusing retainer ring (28), focus lamp (29), the 3rd Laser Focusing retainer ring (30); Between L shaped the second connector (9) and L shaped the first connector (5), dichroic mirror (8) is installed, and to make the angle of itself and laser beam axis OO' be 45 °; The left end of nozzle (1) is arranged on the first connector (5) by positioning boss; Connector upper junction plate (7) is arranged on the first connector (5) and the second connector (9) top, and air cylinder support (6) and cylinder (4) are installed on connector upper junction plate (7); Connector lower connecting plate (24) is arranged on the first connector (5) and the second connector (9) below, and by screw (23), handle (22) is connected on rifle body; On nozzle (1), have jet hole (a), push rod passage (c), temperature sensor passage (e) and powder feeding passage (b) with (d), and above-mentioned passage intersects at same point on optical axis; Right main shell (40) and left main shell (41) are arranged on the overall structure outside after above-mentioned assembling, and protecgulum (2) and bonnet (12) are arranged on respectively the front-end and back-end of right main shell (40) and left main shell (41); LASER HEATING optical routing laser input (11), Laser Focusing module (10), dichroic mirror (8) and nozzle (1) form;
In detection system, observation optical path consists of nozzle (1), dichroic mirror (8), reflection channel (38), speculum (21), CCD enlarging lens group (32) and CCD industrial camera (31), and observation optical path and LASER HEATING light path form coaxial light path; Range sensor (25) is arranged on the below of nozzle (1); Temperature sensor (39) is arranged on the right-hand of nozzle (1) by the temperature sensor passage (e) of nozzle (1); Reflection channel (38) one end is arranged on the first connector (5) left, the other end is connected with lower reflection mirror case (20) with upper reflector box (19), speculum (21) is arranged between upper reflector box (19) and lower reflection mirror case (20), with the angle of laser beam axis OO' be 45 °; One end of CCD enlarging lens group (32) is connected with lower reflection mirror case (20) with upper reflector box (19) by detent, and the other end of CCD enlarging lens group (32) is connected with CCD industrial camera (31) by screw thread; In CCD enlarging lens group (32), from right-to-left, first camera amplifying lens retainer ring (37) is installed successively, first camera amplifying lens (36), second camera amplifying lens retainer ring (35), second camera amplifying lens (34), third phase machine amplifying lens retainer ring (33); On large L shaped side shell, under (17) and side shell, (18) are arranged on the outside of CCD industrial camera (31), CCD enlarging lens group (32), upper reflector box (19), lower reflection mirror case (20) and reflection channel (38) up and down, and are connected by screw together;
In dust feeder, the two ends that are positioned at the storage powder tank (14) of Laser Focusing module (10) both sides are connected to respectively snorkel (13) and flowmeter (15); One end of powder feeding pipe (16) is connected with flowmeter (15), and the other end is through the powder feeding passage (b) in nozzle (1) and (d) powder feeding.
3. a kind of hardware according to claim 1 and 2 surface fine crack restorative procedure, it is characterized in that, in the device that the method adopts, nozzle (1) adopts silicon nitride material, whole nozzle is made an integral body, on nozzle (1), have push rod passage (c), temperature sensor passage (e) and powder feeding passage (b) with (d), and above-mentioned passage intersects at same point on optical axis.
CN201410191284.7A 2014-05-07 2014-05-07 A kind of hardware surface fine crack restorative procedure and device Expired - Fee Related CN103978310B (en)

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CN105043991A (en) * 2015-06-08 2015-11-11 山东雅百特科技有限公司 Intelligent metal structure monitoring system
CN105107661A (en) * 2015-08-14 2015-12-02 广东永利坚铝业有限公司 Aluminum alloy profile spraying device provided with charge coupled device (CCD) spraying gun
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CN106271125A (en) * 2016-08-23 2017-01-04 江苏彤明车灯有限公司 A kind of method based on double CCD Computer Vision Recognition mould repair states
CN109300116A (en) * 2018-09-03 2019-02-01 广东工业大学 The online defect identification method of laser welding based on machine learning
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