CN103978176B - A kind of 180 ° of elbows and vertical centrifugal casting methods and applications thereof - Google Patents
A kind of 180 ° of elbows and vertical centrifugal casting methods and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103978176B CN103978176B CN201410220399.4A CN201410220399A CN103978176B CN 103978176 B CN103978176 B CN 103978176B CN 201410220399 A CN201410220399 A CN 201410220399A CN 103978176 B CN103978176 B CN 103978176B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high temperature pressurized part 180 ° of elbows and vertical centrifugal casting method thereof.Undertaken improving and optimizing by vertical centrifugal casting technique, obtained elbow product expression has gone out extremely excellent high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property, not only significantly be better than static foundry goods, and be obviously better than the product of conventional centrifugal casting technique gained.This characteristic makes product can increase the service life further and reduce product rejection rate under high temperature applied environment, and is conducive to the application under higher environmental requirement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material casting field, be specifically related to a kind of high temperature pressurized part 180 ° of elbows and vertical centrifugal casting method thereof.
Background technology
180 ° of elbows are widely used in petrochemical industry, metallurgical industrial furnace, and be the vitals transmitting high-temperature gas, fuel gas, condition of work is high temperature pressurized state, therefore requires that it has good high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property.Its material generally selects high-chromium-nickel alloy.
At present, the manufacture of 180 ° of elbows generally adopts static casting technique (as sand casting, hot investment casting, model casting etc.), also gravitational casting is claimed, namely molten steel arrives mold cavity forming through cast gate, running channel under the effect of gravitational field, and foundry goods carries out feeding by the Action of Gravity Field of molten steel in rising head in cooled and solidified process.180 ° of elbows of static casting can meet the basic application requirement under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, but cast structure is usually irregular and not finer and close, easily there is the fault of construction such as pore, slag inclusion, and mechanical performance is superior not, service life is also undesirable, and product rejection rate is higher.
Researcher finds recently, and centrifugal casting technique is more conducive to promoting cast properties compared to static casting technique.Such as, Chinese patent application 201310152327.6 discloses a kind of method of vertical centrifugal casting transition pipe nipple, and Chinese patent application 201310269895.4 discloses a kind of centrifugal casting technique of Inconel600 compo pipe.Point out, change traditional static casting technique into centrifugal casting, the centrifugal force field that the proportion field of force is higher can be obtained, improve molten steel and fill type power, strengthen feeding capacity during foundry goods cooling, effectively can improve product casting quality, reduce product rejection rate, improve normal temperature and the high-temperature mechanical property of product, increase the service life.
Centrifugal casting technique is with the obvious advantage, is expected to obtain further genralrlization at hardware casting field.But centrifugal casting technique is not a set of format flow process.Be centrifugal casting equally, the selection of process conditions and parameter has very crucial impact to final products performance.Being optimized technique and improving to obtaining the properties of product promoted as far as possible, will be a focus and the difficult point in present stage hardware centrifugal casting field.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is the method providing a kind of vertical centrifugal casting 180 ° of elbows.On the basis of vertical centrifugal casting technique being introduced 180 ° of elbow castings, process conditions and parameter are improved and optimizes, products obtained therefrom shows extremely excellent high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property, significantly be better than static cast article, and beyond expecting to the generality of centrifugal casting product (that is, be unforeseeable relative to prior art).
Concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A method for vertical centrifugal casting 180 ° of elbows, comprises the following steps:
(1) after mould and die preheating, be assemblied on vertical centrifugal machine ring flange, open centrifuge, rotating speed controls at 100-150r/min;
(2) molten steel of temperature 1560-1640 DEG C is injected mould fast, after sealing, in 15s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 900-1100r/min, and keep 2-3min at this rotating speed;
(3) in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500-600r/min, and keeps 2-3min at this rotating speed;
(4) again in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 900-1100r/min, and keeps 10-15min at this rotating speed;
(5) in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500-600r/min, and keeps 8-10min at this rotating speed; And then in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 250-300r/min, and keep 5min at this rotating speed; Then close centrifuge, treat that it stops the rotation naturally;
(6) taken out by the foundry goods of abundant cooling forming, processing obtains 180 ° of elbow products of required size.
The mould being applicable to cast in said method of the present invention 180 ° of elbows is easily determined to those skilled in the art.As shown in Figure 1, this mould comprises patrix 4, counterdie 5, loam core 6 and inner core 7.Wherein, patrix 4, counterdie 5 and loam core 6 construct the die cavity of bend forming jointly.Patrix 4 and counterdie 5 are circle, along the circumferential direction can be evenly distributed with 2 or multiple die cavity, for 2 or the multiple elbow of casting simultaneously.Patrix 4 has cast gate, running channel and steam vent, the end face of patrix 4 and counterdie 5 all has air discharge duct, and the effect of air discharge duct and steam vent is when molten steel pours into time, and the gas inside molten steel and die cavity is discharged by steam vent and air discharge duct; Counterdie 5 has circular seam, and loam core 6 is fixed on counterdie 5 by circular seam, can avoid skidding off origin-location when High Rotation Speed, cause molten steel casting uneven.
The shape in the internal via shape that patrix 4 and counterdie 5 are formed and loam core 6 is identical with elbow shapes, but on size is arranged slightly difference.Consider molten steel shrinkage factor and post-production needs, take vertical section as the elbow product of circle be example, the vertical section diameter of endoporus should slightly larger than the cross-sectional outer diameter of elbow product, and the vertical section diameter in loam core 6 is then slightly less than the cross section internal diameter of elbow product, i.e. reserved amount of contraction and allowance; Wherein, molten steel shrinkage factor and allowance are known to those skilled in the art and easily determine.As a rule, molten steel shrinkage factor is 1-3%, and allowance is 20-60mm.
Mold material can be those materials that this area is commonly used.Such as, patrix 4 and counterdie 5 material can be cast iron, cast steel or forging; The material of loam core 6 and inner core 7 can be the resin sand that sand casting field is commonly used, preferred vapor-permeable type resin sand (when molten steel enters die cavity, contribute to gas and discharge).
In casting method of the present invention, mold cavity surface spraying has high-temperature resistant coating, in order to reduce the cooling velocity of thermal shock suffered by mould and regulating system, and takes out in mould after being conducive to foundry goods cooling.Described high-temperature resistant coating can select the conventional coating in 180 ° of elbows casting fields, those as adopted in static casting technique; Preferably, alcohol zircon flour coating can be selected.
In step (1), the object of mould and die preheating is the cooling velocity delaying molten steel, prevents defects such as causing that casting structure cracks because molten steel cools is too fast, the preferred 400-500 DEG C of its temperature.
In step (2), molten steel material is the high chromium nickel heat-resisting alloy for the manufacture of 180 ° of elbows well known in the art, such as, can be ZG40Cr25Ni20.Preferably, liquid steel temperature is 1580-1610 DEG C.Molten steel injection rate should exceed product weight and feeding surplus, is advisable to overflow running channel; Concrete required injection rate is easily determined to those skilled in the art.
In step (6), common process well known in the art can be adopted to carry out post-processed to foundry goods, such as, can excise the redundance that excessive molten steel cools formation outside die cavity, adopt sandblasting or ball blast to process cast(ing) surface and endoporus.
On the basis knowing said method of the present invention, be applicable to centrifuge of the present invention and easily know to those skilled in the art.Such as, the model of being produced by Tianshui-Huarong Casting Machinery Co., Ltd. can be adopted to be the large centrifugal roller mill, J556 type vertical centrifugal-casting machine etc. of J5216HR.
As said in Chinese patent application 201310152327.6, vertical centrifugal casting is conducive to the metallographic structure of formation rule arrangement, increases the forming force of foundry goods, can improve the quality of products and product mechanical performance, increase the service life, and reduces product rejection rate.
Casting method of the present invention, under the prerequisite with conventional centrifugal casting technique advantage, is further optimization and the improvement of vertical centrifugal casting technique.Conventional centrifugal casting after molten steel injects mould, along with the centrifugal rotational speed control model of " raise speed-keep high rotating speed-reduction of speed " in cooling forming process.Difference therewith, contains two speed-raising stages in casting method of the present invention, keep the process of a period of time after middle ware is separated with a reduction of speed in middling speed; After the high rotating speed centrifugal forming of second time, then adopt reduction of speed stage by stage.
Be not limited to existing any theory, applicant finds, above-mentioned improvement/optimization can promote the performance of elbow product further.180 ° of elbows that the present invention obtains not only significantly are better than static cast article in high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property two, and are obviously better than the product of conventional centrifugal casting technique, are at all unforeseeable in prior art more afterwards.
180 ° of elbow products of the present invention can Improving The Quality of Products and products application performance further, increases the service life, reduces product rejection rate.Therefore, another object of the present invention is also to provide 180 ° of elbows being prepared from by above-mentioned vertical centrifugal casting method and the application in high-temperature gas or fuel gas transmission thereof.
brief Description Of Drawings
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of vertical centrifugal casting 180 ° of elbows, wherein: 1-centrifuge mair motor; 2-centrifuge main frame; 3-centrifuge ring flange; 4-patrix; 5-counterdie; 6-loam core; 7-inner core.
Fig. 2 is the pictorial diagram of 180 ° of elbow products that embodiment 1 obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific embodiment so that the invention will be further described, but limiting the scope of the invention should not be understood as.
material and facility
Centrifuge model is J556 type vertical centrifugal-casting machine.In mould, the material of upper and lower mould adopts 360V steel; The material of loam core and inner core adopts resin sand, (can grand Chemical Co., Ltd. purchased from Suzhou with 4 % by weight resins, KPJ-L8850 resin), 1 % by weight curing agent (can grand Chemical Co., Ltd. purchased from Suzhou, the curing agent corresponding with aforementioned resin) and 95 % by weight common quartz sands be raw material, be prepared from through conventional method; High-temperature resistant coating adopts alcohol zircon flour coating; Elbow material (i.e. molten steel) adopts ZG40Cr25Ni20, and chemical composition and mechanical performance meet standard HG/T2601-2011 " high-temperature bearing centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting ".
product specification and Mould Machining
180 ° of elbow product preliminary dimensions (unit: mm): φ 200, wall thickness 8, R137.5.
Mould Machining: (1) is according to 180 ° of elbow product outer wall shape processing upper die and lower die, guarantee that the internal via shape that upper die and lower die are formed is identical with elbow outer wall shape, and according to the standard configuration endoporus vertical section diameter of " the vertical section diameter=product cross section external diameter+product thickness × 2.4%+30mm of endoporus ".(2) according to elbow product inner wall shape processing loam core profile, the requirement according to " loam core vertical section diameter=product cross section internal diameter-product thickness × 2.4%-30mm " arranges loam core vertical section diameter.(3) in mold cavity, even application thickness is about the high-temperature resistant coating of 1.0mm.
preparation embodiment
Embodiment 1(the present invention)
Adopt the method for vertical centrifugal casting disclosed by the invention 180 ° of elbows, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) by after mould and die preheating to 450 DEG C, as shown in Figure 1, be assemblied on vertical centrifugal machine ring flange, open centrifuge, rotating speed controls at 140r/min;
(2) molten steel of temperature 1605 DEG C is injected mould fast, after sealing, in 15s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1000r/min, and keep 3min at this rotating speed;
(3) in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 550r/min, and keeps 2min at this rotating speed;
(4) again in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1000r/min, and keeps 15min at this rotating speed;
(5) in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 550r/min, and keeps 8min at this rotating speed; And then in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 300r/min, and keep 5min at this rotating speed; Then close centrifuge, treat that it stops the rotation naturally;
(6) taken out by the foundry goods of abundant cooling forming, excise and cool outside die cavity because of excessive molten steel thus to be connected to the redundance on elbow foundry goods, employing ball blast is processed cast(ing) surface and endoporus, obtains 180 ° of elbow products of preliminary dimension.
Fig. 2 is the pictorial diagram of the present embodiment products obtained therefrom.Range estimation can be seen, this elbow product surface pattern is intact, flawless, pore, slag inclusion, the defect such as loose.
Comparative example 1
Adopt conventional vertical centrifugal casting technique to prepare 180 ° of elbows, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) by after mould and die preheating to 450 DEG C, as shown in Figure 1, be assemblied on vertical centrifugal machine ring flange, open centrifuge, rotating speed controls at 140r/min;
(2) molten steel of temperature 1605 DEG C is injected mould fast, after sealing, in 15s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1000r/min, and keep 20min at this rotating speed;
(3) in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 550r/min, and keeps 8min at this rotating speed; And then in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 300r/min, and keep 5min at this rotating speed; Then close centrifuge, treat that it stops the rotation naturally;
(4) taken out by the foundry goods of abundant cooling forming, excise and cool outside die cavity because of excessive molten steel thus to be connected to the redundance on elbow foundry goods, employing ball blast is processed cast(ing) surface and endoporus, obtains 180 ° of elbow products of preliminary dimension.
Comparative example 2
Adopt static casting technique to prepare 180 ° of elbows, specifically comprise the following steps: by mould and die preheating to 450 DEG C, be then that the molten steel of 1605 DEG C injects mould fast by temperature, treat its natural cooling forming; Then taken out by foundry goods, excise and cool outside die cavity because of excessive molten steel thus to be connected to the redundance on elbow foundry goods, employing ball blast is processed cast(ing) surface and endoporus, obtains 180 ° of elbow products of preliminary dimension.
performance Detection and sign
A, penetrant inspection
According to JB/T4730.5-2005, carry out penetrant inspection (PT) to the inside and outside surface of 180 ° of elbow products, result shows: the product surface quality of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 is good, does not find the defects such as pore, slag inclusion, crackle; And there is obvious pore, slag inclusion and crackle in the product surface of comparative example 2.
The result shows, there is clear superiority compared to static casting technique in vertical centrifugal casting technique on product structure.
B, air-tight test
According to HG/T2601-2011, carry out 0.7MPa air-tight test to 180 ° of elbow products, pressurize 5 minutes, result shows:
The product of embodiment 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 does not all find any type of seepage and sweats, and meets HG/T2601-2011 standard-required.
C, high temperature, short time mechanical property test
According to GB/T4338-2006, radially cut tensile sample, use WE-300 high temperature, short time strength-testing machine to do product tension test under high temperature (982 DEG C).Result is as shown in table 1.
The high temperature, short time mechanical property test result of table 1180 ° elbow product
| Elbow product | Embodiment 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Rm | 87 MPa | 80MPa | 62MPa |
Wherein, Rm represents tensile strength.
Can see from table 1, the elbow product (comprising embodiment 1 and comparative example 1) that centrifugal casting technique obtains obviously is better than static foundry goods prepared by comparative example 2 in high temperature, short time mechanical property.And be all centrifugal casting technique, compared to the product (comparative example 1) of the centrifugal casting technique of routine, adopt the obtained elbow product expression of the embodiment 1 of improved technology of the present invention to go out more excellent high temperature, short time mechanical property, Rm has exceeded 7MPa.
D, high-temperature and durable mechanical property test
According to GB/T2039-2012, GWT1304 high temperature creep and rupture testing machine is used to do product tension test, record rupture time at 48MPa, at 982 DEG C.Result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2180 ° elbow product high-temperature and durable mechanical property test result
Can see from table 2, the elbow product (comprising embodiment 1 and comparative example 1) that centrifugal casting technique obtains also obviously is better than static foundry goods prepared by comparative example 2 in high-temperature and durable mechanical property.And be all centrifugal casting technique, compared to the product (comparative example 1) of the centrifugal casting technique of routine, adopt the obtained elbow product expression of the embodiment 1 of improved technology of the present invention to go out more excellent high-temperature and durable mechanical property.
In summary it can be seen, undertaken improving and optimizing by vertical centrifugal casting technique, obtained elbow product expression has gone out extremely excellent high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property, is not only significantly better than static foundry goods, and is obviously better than the product of conventional centrifugal casting technique gained.This characteristic makes product can increase the service life further and reduce product rejection rate under high temperature applied environment, and is conducive to the application under higher environmental requirement.
Claims (8)
1. a method for vertical centrifugal casting 180 ° of elbows, comprises the following steps:
(1) after mould and die preheating, be assemblied on vertical centrifugal machine ring flange, open centrifuge, rotating speed controls at 100-150r/min;
(2) molten steel of temperature 1560-1640 DEG C is injected mould fast, after sealing, in 15s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 900-1100r/min, and keep 2-3min at this rotating speed;
(3) in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500-600r/min, and keeps 2-3min at this rotating speed;
(4) again in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 900-1100r/min, and keeps 10-15min at this rotating speed;
(5) in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500-600r/min, and keeps 8-10min at this rotating speed; And then in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 250-300r/min, and keep 5min at this rotating speed; Then close centrifuge, treat that it stops the rotation naturally;
(6) taken out by the foundry goods of abundant cooling forming, processing obtains 180 ° of elbow products of required size.
2. the method for vertical centrifugal casting according to claim 1 180 ° of elbows, is characterized in that: mold cavity surface spraying has high-temperature resistant coating.
3. the method for vertical centrifugal casting according to claim 2 180 ° of elbows, is characterized in that: described high-temperature resistant coating is alcohol zircon flour coating.
4. the method for vertical centrifugal casting according to claim 1 180 ° of elbows, it is characterized in that: in step (1), mold preheating temperature is 400-500 DEG C.
5. the method for vertical centrifugal casting according to claim 1 180 ° of elbows, is characterized in that: in step (2), molten steel material is high chromium nickel heat-resisting alloy, and liquid steel temperature is 1580-1610 DEG C.
6. the method for vertical centrifugal casting according to claim 5 180 ° of elbows, is characterized in that: described molten steel material is ZG40Cr25Ni20.
7. 180 ° of elbows, is characterized in that: the method according to any one of claim 1-6 is prepared from.
8. the application of 180 ° of elbows according to claim 7 in high-temperature gas or fuel gas transmission.
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| JPH07124667A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1995-05-16 | Kubota Corp | Manufacture of wear resistant bent pipe made of cast steel |
| CN1149083A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-05-07 | 化学工业部湘东化工机械厂 | Low alloyed wear-resistant cast steel pipes and its casting process |
| CN101638744A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-03 | 黄石山力大通热工设备有限公司 | Cast special Ni-based high temperature alloy |
| CN103231037A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏双勤民生冶化设备制造有限公司 | Method for manufacturing short transitional section |
| CN103343261A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-10-09 | 江苏双勤民生冶化设备制造有限公司 | Centrifugal casting method for Inconel 600 alloy pipe |
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2014
- 2014-05-22 CN CN201410220399.4A patent/CN103978176B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4549339A (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1985-10-29 | Pierre Lajoye | Apparatus and method for manufacture of curved hollow toroidal elements |
| JPH07124667A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1995-05-16 | Kubota Corp | Manufacture of wear resistant bent pipe made of cast steel |
| CN1149083A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-05-07 | 化学工业部湘东化工机械厂 | Low alloyed wear-resistant cast steel pipes and its casting process |
| CN101638744A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-03 | 黄石山力大通热工设备有限公司 | Cast special Ni-based high temperature alloy |
| CN103231037A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏双勤民生冶化设备制造有限公司 | Method for manufacturing short transitional section |
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Effective date of registration: 20180508 Address after: 214536 Jiangsu Shuang Qin company, No. 268, South Jingjiang Road, Xinqiao Town, Jingjiang, Jiangsu Patentee after: Jiangsu double field Amperex Technology Limited Address before: 214536 Jiangsu, Jiangsu, Taizhou, Jingjiang, Xinjiang town, four North pier, Jiangsu double Qin Minsheng company Patentee before: Jiangsu Shuangqin Minsheng Metallurigical and Chemical Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. |