CN103978175B - A kind of threeway and vertical centrifugal casting methods and applications thereof - Google Patents
A kind of threeway and vertical centrifugal casting methods and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103978175B CN103978175B CN201410220300.0A CN201410220300A CN103978175B CN 103978175 B CN103978175 B CN 103978175B CN 201410220300 A CN201410220300 A CN 201410220300A CN 103978175 B CN103978175 B CN 103978175B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of vertical centrifugal casting threeway, this process implementing is easy, and spillage of material is few, and workload is little, and product quality and performances are high.Obtained threeway product has extremely excellent high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property, is not only significantly better than static foundry goods, and is obviously better than the product of conventional centrifugal casting technique gained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material casting field, be specifically related to the threeway of a kind of high temperature pressurized part and centre spinning method thereof.
Background technology
Threeway is widely used in petrochemical industry stove, and be the vitals transmitting high-temperature gas, condition of work is high temperature pressurized state, therefore requires that it has good high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property.Its material generally selects high-chromium-nickel alloy.
At present, threeway mainly contains three kinds of manufacture methods.The first adopts blank forged piece to carry out machined, and this kind of method can obtain surface and inherent quality all well product, but waste of material is very large, and manufacturing cost is too high; The second adopts overall static casting, because its structure and wall thickness reason, cast structure is irregular and not fine and close, easily produces the defect such as pore, slag inclusion, and its transition position easily occurs fire check because cooling velocity is uneven especially, has a strong impact on product quality; The third is the method adopting fractional centrifugation casting, and use horizontal type centrifugal-casting to manufacture pipeline section, then assembly welding becomes product, and this kind of method can meet product instructions for use, but because product wall thickness causes greatly welding job amount very large, welding residual stress is also large.
Researcher finds recently, and centrifugal casting technique is a kind of metal material foundry engieering of excellence, and its spillage of material is few, workload is little and product quality and performances are high.Such as, Chinese patent application 201310152327.6 discloses a kind of method of vertical centrifugal casting transition pipe nipple, wherein point out, centrifugal casting can obtain the higher centrifugal force field in the proportion field of force, improves molten steel and fills type power, strengthens feeding capacity during foundry goods cooling, effectively can improve product casting quality, reduce product rejection rate, improve normal temperature and the high-temperature mechanical property of product, increase the service life.
Centrifugal casting technique is with the obvious advantage, is expected to obtain further genralrlization at hardware casting field.But centrifugal casting technique is not a set of format flow process.Be centrifugal casting equally, the selection of process conditions and parameter has very crucial impact to final products performance.Being optimized technique and improving to obtaining the properties of product promoted as far as possible, will be a focus and the difficult point in present stage hardware centrifugal casting field.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is a kind of method providing vertical centrifugal casting threeway.Vertical centrifugal casting technique is being introduced on threeway cast-in-block basis, process conditions and parameter are improved and optimizes, products obtained therefrom shows excellent high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property, significantly be better than static cast article, and beyond expecting to the generality of centrifugal casting product (that is, be unforeseeable relative to prior art).
Concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A method for vertical centrifugal casting threeway, comprises the following steps:
(1) after mould and die preheating, be assemblied on vertical centrifugal machine ring flange, open centrifuge, rotating speed controls at 300-350r/min;
(2) molten steel of temperature 1560-1640 DEG C is injected mould fast, after sealing, in 15s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1150-1250r/min, and keep 2-3min at this rotating speed;
(3) in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500-600r/min, and keeps 2-3min at this rotating speed;
(4) again in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1150-1250r/min, and keeps 15-20min at this rotating speed;
(5) in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500-600r/min, and keeps 8-10min at this rotating speed; And then in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 250-300r/min, and keep 5min at this rotating speed; Then close centrifuge, treat that it stops the rotation naturally;
(6) taken out by the foundry goods of abundant cooling forming, processing obtains the threeway product of required size.
The mould being applicable to casting three-way in said method of the present invention is easily determined to those skilled in the art.As shown in Figure 1, this mould can comprise patrix 5, counterdie 4 and loam core 6.Wherein, loam core 6 is between patrix 5 and counterdie 4, and patrix 5, counterdie 4 and loam core 6 construct the die cavity of threeway jointly.Patrix 5 and counterdie 4 are circle, above have 2 or multiple dowel hole, ensure that upper die and lower die relative position is fixed when the effect of dowel hole is to install counterdie.Patrix 5 has cast gate, and the end face of patrix 5 and counterdie 4 all has 3 or many air discharge ducts, and the effect of air discharge duct is when molten steel pours into time, and the gas inside molten steel and die cavity is discharged by air discharge duct.Counterdie 4 has circular seam, and loam core 6 is fixed on counterdie 4 by circular seam, can avoid skidding off origin-location when High Rotation Speed, cause molten steel casting uneven.
Patrix 5 is identical with the inner-outer wall shape of threeway respectively with the shape in the internal via shape that counterdie 4 is formed and loam core 6, but on size is arranged slightly difference.Consider molten steel shrinkage factor and post-production needs, hole size should slightly larger than the outer wall dimension of threeway product relevant position, and the size in loam core 6 then should be slightly less than the inner wall size of threeway product relevant position, i.e. reserved amount of contraction and allowance; Wherein, molten steel shrinkage factor and allowance are known to those skilled in the art and easily determine.As a rule, molten steel shrinkage factor is 1-3%, and allowance is 20-60mm.
Mold material can be those materials that this area is commonly used.Such as, patrix 5 and counterdie 4 material can be cast iron, cast steel or forging; Loam core 6 material can be the resin sand that sand casting field is commonly used, preferred vapor-permeable type resin sand (when molten steel enters die cavity, contribute to gas and drain into air discharge duct by loam core 6).
In casting method of the present invention, mold cavity surface spraying has high-temperature resistant coating, in order to reduce the cooling velocity of thermal shock suffered by mould and regulating system, and takes out in mould after being conducive to foundry goods cooling.Described high-temperature resistant coating can select threeway to cast the conventional coating in field, those as adopted in static casting technique; Preferably, alcohol zircon flour coating can be selected.
In step (1), the object of mould and die preheating is the cooling velocity delaying molten steel, prevents too fast defect, the preferred 280-350 DEG C of its temperature such as cause that casting structure cracks of molten steel cools.
In step (2), molten steel material is the high chromium nickel heat-resisting alloy for the manufacture of threeway well known in the art, such as, can be ZG40Cr25Ni20.Preferably, liquid steel temperature is 1580-1610 DEG C.Molten steel injection rate should exceed product weight and feeding surplus, and required injection rate is easily determined to those skilled in the art.
In step (6), common process well known in the art can be adopted to carry out post-processed to foundry goods, such as, the mode of sandblasting or ball blast can be adopted to process cast(ing) surface and endoporus.
On the basis knowing said method of the present invention, be applicable to centrifuge of the present invention and easily know to those skilled in the art.Such as, the model of being produced by Tianshui-Huarong Casting Machinery Co., Ltd. can be adopted to be the large centrifugal roller mill, J556 type vertical centrifugal-casting machine etc. of J5216HR.
As said in Chinese patent application 201310152327.6, vertical centrifugal casting is conducive to the metallographic structure of formation rule arrangement, increases the forming force of foundry goods, can improve the quality of products and product mechanical performance, increase the service life, and reduces product rejection rate.
Casting method of the present invention, under the prerequisite with Conventional upright centrifugal casting technique advantage, is further optimization and the improvement of vertical centrifugal casting technique.Conventional centrifugal casting after molten steel injects mould, along with the centrifugal rotational speed control model of " raise speed-keep high rotating speed-reduction of speed " in cooling forming process.Difference therewith, contains two speed-raising stages in casting method of the present invention, keep the process of a period of time after middle ware is separated with a reduction of speed in middling speed; After the high rotating speed centrifugal forming of second time, then adopt reduction of speed stage by stage.
Be not limited to existing any theory, applicant finds, above-mentioned improvement/optimization can promote the performance of threeway product further.The threeway that the present invention obtains not only significantly is better than static cast article in high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property two, and is obviously better than the product of conventional centrifugal casting technique, is at all unforeseeable in prior art more afterwards.
Threeway product of the present invention can Improving The Quality of Products and products application performance further, increases the service life, reduces product rejection rate.Therefore, another object of the present invention is also to provide the threeway that is prepared from by above-mentioned vertical centrifugal casting method and the application in high-temperature gas transmission thereof.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of vertical centrifugal casting threeway, wherein: 1-centrifuge mair motor; 2-centrifuge main frame; 3-centrifuge ring flange; 4-counterdie; 5-patrix; 6-loam core.
Fig. 2 is the pictorial diagram of the threeway product that embodiment 1 obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific embodiment so that the invention will be further described, but limiting the scope of the invention should not be understood as.
material and facility
Centrifuge model is J556 type vertical centrifugal-casting machine.In mould, the material of upper and lower mould adopts 360V steel; The material in loam core adopts resin sand, (can grand Chemical Co., Ltd. purchased from Suzhou with 4 % by weight resins, KPJ-L8850 resin), 1 % by weight curing agent (can grand Chemical Co., Ltd. purchased from Suzhou, the curing agent corresponding with aforementioned resin) and 95 % by weight common quartz sands be raw material, be prepared from through conventional method; High-temperature resistant coating adopts alcohol zircon flour coating; Threeway material (i.e. molten steel) adopts ZG40Cr25Ni20, and chemical composition and mechanical performance meet standard HG/T2601-2011 " high-temperature bearing centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting ".
product specification and Mould Machining
Threeway product preliminary dimension: φ 325mm × 20mm, center to end distance is 260mm.
Mould Machining: (1) according to threeway product outer wall shape processing upper die and lower die, and according to the standard configuration endoporus aperture of " endoporus aperture=product external diameter+product thickness × 2.4%+30mm ".(2) according to threeway product inner wall shape processing loam core profile, the requirement according to " loam core diameter=product internal diameter-product thickness × 2.4%-30mm " arranges loam core diameter.(3) in mold cavity, even application thickness is about the high-temperature resistant coating of 1.0mm.
preparation embodiment
Embodiment 1(the present invention)
Adopt the method for vertical centrifugal casting threeway disclosed by the invention, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) by after mould and die preheating to 320 DEG C, be assemblied on vertical centrifugal machine ring flange, open centrifuge, rotating speed controls at 300r/min;
(2) molten steel of temperature 1605 DEG C is injected mould fast, after sealing, in 15s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1200r/min, and keep 3min at this rotating speed;
(3) in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500r/min, and keeps 2min at this rotating speed;
(4) again in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1200r/min, and keeps 20min at this rotating speed;
(5) in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500r/min, and keeps 10min at this rotating speed; And then in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 300r/min, and keep 5min at this rotating speed; Then close centrifuge, treat that it stops the rotation naturally;
(6) taken out by the foundry goods of abundant cooling forming, carry out blasting treatment to its surface, then machined obtains the threeway product of required size.
Fig. 2 is the pictorial diagram of the present embodiment products obtained therefrom.Range estimation can be seen, this threeway product surface pattern is intact, flawless, pore, slag inclusion, the defect such as loose.
Comparative example 1
Adopt conventional vertical centrifugal casting technique to prepare threeway, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) by after mould and die preheating to 320 DEG C, be assemblied on vertical centrifugal machine ring flange, open centrifuge, rotating speed controls at 300r/min;
(2) molten steel of temperature 1605 DEG C is injected mould fast, after sealing, in 15s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1200r/min, and keep 25min at this rotating speed;
(3) in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500r/min, and keeps 10min at this rotating speed; And then in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 300r/min, and keep 5min at this rotating speed; Then close centrifuge, treat that it stops the rotation naturally;
(4) taken out by the foundry goods of abundant cooling forming, carry out blasting treatment to its surface, then machined obtains the threeway product of required size.
Comparative example 2
Adopt static casting technique to prepare threeway, specifically comprise the following steps: by mould and die preheating to 320 DEG C, be then that the molten steel of 1605 DEG C injects mould fast by temperature, treat its natural cooling forming; Then taken out by foundry goods, carry out blasting treatment to its surface, then machined obtains the threeway product of required size.
performance Detection and sign
A, penetrant inspection
According to JB/T4730.5-2005, carry out penetrant inspection (PT) to the inside and outside surface of threeway product, result shows: the product surface quality of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 is good, does not find the defects such as pore, slag inclusion, crackle; And there is obvious pore, slag inclusion and crackle at transition position in the product of comparative example 2.
The result shows, there is clear superiority compared to static casting technique in vertical centrifugal casting technique on product structure.
B, air-tight test
According to HG/T2601-2011,0.8MPa air-tight test is carried out to threeway product, pressurize 5 minutes.Result is as follows:
The product of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 does not find any type of seepage and sweats, and meets HG/T2601-2011 standard-required.
The product of comparative example 2, transition position has Seepage.
C, the water pressure test
According to HG/T2601-2011, carry out the water pressure test to threeway product, test pressure is 30MPa, voltage stabling control 15 minutes.Result is as follows:
The product of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 does not find any type of seepage and sweats, and meets HG/T2601-2011 standard-required.
The product of comparative example 2, transition position has drainage.
D, high temperature, short time mechanical property test
According to GB/T4338-2006, radially cut tensile sample, use WE-300 high temperature, short time strength-testing machine to do product tension test under high temperature (982 DEG C).Result is as shown in table 1.
The high temperature, short time mechanical property test result of table 1 threeway product
| Threeway product | Embodiment 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Rm | 85 MPa | 79MPa | 62MPa |
Wherein, Rm represents tensile strength.
Can see from table 1, the threeway product (comprising embodiment 1 and comparative example 1) that centrifugal casting technique obtains obviously is better than static foundry goods prepared by comparative example 2 in high temperature, short time mechanical property.And be all centrifugal casting technique, compared to the product (comparative example 1) of the centrifugal casting technique of routine, adopt the obtained threeway product expression of the embodiment 1 of improved technology of the present invention to go out more excellent high temperature, short time mechanical property, Rm has exceeded 6MPa.
E, high-temperature and durable mechanical property test
According to GB/T2039-2012, GWT1304 high temperature creep and rupture testing machine is used to do product tension test, record rupture time at 48MPa, at 982 DEG C.Result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 threeway product high-temperature and durable mechanical property test result
Can see from table 2, the threeway product (comprising embodiment 1 and comparative example 1) that centrifugal casting technique obtains also obviously is better than static foundry goods prepared by comparative example 2 in high-temperature and durable mechanical property.And be all centrifugal casting technique, compared to the product (comparative example 1) of the centrifugal casting technique of routine, adopt the obtained threeway product expression of the embodiment 1 of improved technology of the present invention to go out more excellent high-temperature and durable mechanical property.
In summary it can be seen, improved vertical centrifugal casting technique of the present invention is easy to implement, spillage of material is few, workload is little, and product quality and performances are high, obtained threeway product has extremely excellent high temperature, short time mechanical property and high-temperature and durable mechanical property, is not only significantly better than static foundry goods, and is obviously better than the product of conventional centrifugal casting technique gained.This characteristic makes product can increase the service life further and reduce product rejection rate under high temperature applied environment, and is conducive to the application under higher environmental requirement.
Claims (8)
1.
a method for vertical centrifugal casting threeway, comprises the following steps:
(1) after mould and die preheating, be assemblied on vertical centrifugal machine ring flange, open centrifuge, rotating speed controls at 300-350r/min;
(2) molten steel of temperature 1560-1640 DEG C is injected mould fast, after sealing, in 15s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1150-1250r/min, and keep 2-3min at this rotating speed;
(3) in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500-600r/min, and keeps 2-3min at this rotating speed;
(4) again in 10s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity promoted to 1150-1250r/min, and keeps 15-20min at this rotating speed;
(5) in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 500-600r/min, and keeps 8-10min at this rotating speed; And then in 30s, rotating speed is at the uniform velocity down to 250-300r/min, and keep 5min at this rotating speed; Then close centrifuge, treat that it stops the rotation naturally;
(6) taken out by the foundry goods of abundant cooling forming, processing obtains the threeway product of required size.
2.
the method of vertical centrifugal casting threeway according to claim 1, is characterized in that: mold cavity surface spraying has high-temperature resistant coating.
3.
the method of vertical centrifugal casting threeway according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described high-temperature resistant coating is alcohol zircon flour coating.
4.
the method of vertical centrifugal casting threeway according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), and mold preheating temperature is 280-350 DEG C.
5.
the method of vertical centrifugal casting threeway according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), and molten steel material is high chromium nickel heat-resisting alloy, and liquid steel temperature is 1580-1610 DEG C.
6.
the method of vertical centrifugal casting threeway according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described molten steel material is ZG40Cr25Ni20.
7.
a kind of threeway, the method according to any one of claim 1-6 is prepared from.
8.
the application of threeway according to claim 7 in high-temperature gas transmission.
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| CN106044646A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-26 | 合肥和安机械制造有限公司 | Manufacturing method for high-temperature-resistant forklift fixed type crane arm |
| CN113426978A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-24 | 广东乳源益丰盛铸造有限公司 | Centrifugal casting method of metal piece |
| CN115319028B (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-27 | 华北理工大学 | Prevent metal casting mould of casting defect |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1149083A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-05-07 | 化学工业部湘东化工机械厂 | Low alloyed wear-resistant cast steel pipes and its casting process |
| CN201020521Y (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-02-13 | 维恩克材料技术（北京）有限公司 | Device for casting reduction tank head plate |
| CN101592265A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2009-12-02 | 郑州神牛铸造有限公司 | Bimetal wear resistant composite tube |
| CN103231037A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏双勤民生冶化设备制造有限公司 | Method for manufacturing short transitional section |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53106663A (en) * | 1977-03-02 | 1978-09-16 | Toyota Motor Corp | Manufacture of three-way pipe |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1149083A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-05-07 | 化学工业部湘东化工机械厂 | Low alloyed wear-resistant cast steel pipes and its casting process |
| CN201020521Y (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-02-13 | 维恩克材料技术（北京）有限公司 | Device for casting reduction tank head plate |
| CN101592265A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2009-12-02 | 郑州神牛铸造有限公司 | Bimetal wear resistant composite tube |
| CN103231037A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏双勤民生冶化设备制造有限公司 | Method for manufacturing short transitional section |
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