CN103977718B - Positive osmosis composite membrane of a kind of high water flux and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Positive osmosis composite membrane of a kind of high water flux and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103977718B
CN103977718B CN201410250119.4A CN201410250119A CN103977718B CN 103977718 B CN103977718 B CN 103977718B CN 201410250119 A CN201410250119 A CN 201410250119A CN 103977718 B CN103977718 B CN 103977718B
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membrane
composite membrane
osmosis composite
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CN103977718A (en
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徐铜文
王亚琴
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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Abstract

The present invention relates to positive osmosis composite membrane of a kind of high water flux and preparation method thereof, this positive osmosis composite membrane be polysulfones-SPSF-inorganic filler blended/polyamide composite film.Because traditional permeable membrane is generally applied to counter-infiltration system, if for positive process of osmosis osmotic water flux far below theoretical value, this wherein reason mainly traditional penetration composite film thickness is large, the supporting layer hydrophily of aramid layer is poor, causes interior concentration polarization serious.The blended rear formation casting solution of the present invention's polymer/modifier, after striking or levelling, does non-solvent coagulating bath with water, obtains good hydrophilic property, porosity is high and surface pore structure is even by phase inversion, polysulphone super-filter membrane that pore-size distribution is narrow.In cleaning ambient, under room temperature, PS membrane is hung to dry tack free, just can obtain high, the thinner but positive osmosis composite membrane that mechanical strength is high of good hydrophilic property, porosity by interfacial polymerization in its superficial growth one deck polyamide active layer.This film not only permeation flux is high, and the reverse seepage of Extraction medium is low, has good selective penetrated property.

Description

Positive osmosis composite membrane of a kind of high water flux and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to UF membrane field, be specifically related to positive osmosis composite membrane of a kind of high water flux and preparation method thereof, this positive osmosis composite membrane is the positive osmosis composite membrane that a kind of polymer/hydrophilic polymer/inorganic filler blend is supporting layer, aramid layer is active separating layer.
Background technology
Just permeating is the ubiquitous a kind of phenomenon of occurring in nature, and pellicle both sides only need exist permeable pressure head and just can spontaneously carry out, and do not need to provide extra energy.In the last few years, forward osmosis membrane separation process, along with people are to the pay attention to day by day of the energy, environment, was subject to extensive concern as a kind of green separation of great potential and power generation process.Although there are some researches show, just permeating and compared with conventional pressure diffusion barrier, there is lighter pollution and be inclined to, to separate substance, there is interception capacity widely, the advantage such as in process energy consumption is low, but the difference due to proceduredriven power causes two kinds of permeability and separation processes different to the requirement of film, the shortage of the special permeable membrane of high flux has become the bottleneck problem that positive infiltration technology further develops.
Laminated film is a kind of polymer separation film common in water treatment, and it is combined into by porous support layer and active separating layer, is used for reverse osmosis process.But because porous support layer Main Function in the design of reverse osmosis membrane is only play prop carrier to active separating layer, so and be not suitable for positive process of osmosis.This is because counter-infiltration depends on additional hydraulic pressure to realize separation, and just to permeate be the diffusion drive process needing film both sides to there is permeable pressure head just to carry out, thus the factor affecting water flux exists very large difference.The structure of film, thick, porosity is low, duct tortuosity is large and the porous layer of hydrophily difference, Extraction medium diffusion therein can be had a strong impact on, namely concentration polarization is greatly caused, therefore be necessary the structure and the physicochemical properties that redesign porous layer, positive process of osmosis can be applicable to.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide positive osmosis composite membrane of a kind of high water flux and preparation method thereof, the method prepares hydrophilic porous support layer, and obtains high water flux on this basis, and the high-performance forward osmosis membrane that the reverse seepage of Extraction medium is few.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: the positive osmosis composite membrane preparation method of a kind of high water flux, and the method realizes according to the following steps:
One, by ratio of weight and the number of copies (10 ~ 15): (0 ~ 10): (0 ~ 5): principal film-forming polymer, functionalized polymer, modifier and solvent mix by (70 ~ 90), through 20 ~ 60 DEG C heating and stir, leave standstill or vacuum defoamation join preparation liquid, then on base material with striking or curtain coating become Flat Membrane, in water, inversion of phases becomes perforated membrane again.
Two, Flat Membrane made in step one is at room temperature soaked in deionized water is no less than 24 hours, fully wash away fenestra internal solvent, after spending deionized water 2 ~ 3 times after taking-up again, with compressed air purge film surface to without obviously water stain or in clean environment room temperature dry.
Three, the perforated membrane dried in step 2 is fixed in framework, obtains active separating layer with interfacial polymerization.Concrete method is: be poured on by the aqueous solution containing polyamine monomer on the finer and close cortex of perforated membrane, i.e. the surface of direct ingress of air when striking or curtain coating in step one.After spending 1 ~ 4 minute, drain the aqueous solution on film surface, and purge to water stain-free with compressed air.And then, the film surface crossed through polyamines solution-treated is poured on by the organic solution containing acyl chlorides monomer, after spending 1 ~ 2 minute, drain unnecessary organic solution again, film after room temperature is dried, in 2000ppm aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite, soak two points of kinds, be then transferred to the monomer that the removing in 30 seconds of 200ppm antiformin solution fails to react.Finally, heat treatment 5 ~ 10 minutes at 60 ~ 80 DEG C.High flux, low extractant diffuse in reverse direction positive osmosis composite membrane.
Further, polymer in step one is one or more mixtures in one or more and SPSF, SPSF or the sulfonated poly (phenylene oxide) in polyether sulfone, polysulfones, Kynoar, cellulose acetate, Triafol T, it is characterized in that in polymer blend containing hydrophilic radical.Modifier is organic or inorganic particle, and concrete comprises titanium oxide, imvite, graphene oxide, CNT and carbonitride and modified derivative thereof.Solvent is the mixture of one or more in DMA, DMF, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone and Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxane.
Further, the base material in step one must be smooth, clean, can be specifically glass plate, polyfluortetraethylene plate, or polyester webs, cloth.
Further, polyamine monomer in step 2 at least should comprise m-phenylene diamine (MPD), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), mixture to one or more in benzene ethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, piperazine, for promoting reaction process, can can add acid binding agent in aqueous makes reactant liquor in interfacial polymerization process keep strong basicity, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, NaOH simultaneously.In addition, add the surfactant of liquid quality fraction less than 1%, as dodecyl sodium sulfate, camphorsulfonic acid can make the polyamine aqueous solution adhere to better at porous film surface.
Further, in step 2, oil phase reactant liquor is the normal hexane solution at least containing the one or both mixture in m-phthaloyl chloride, pyromellitic trimethylsilyl chloride.
Principle of the present invention is:
The invention discloses the preparation method of the positive osmosis composite membrane of a kind of high flux.Its innovative point is the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes optimization by porous supporting body, improves the hydrophily of film, reduces concentration polarization degree in process of osmosis, ensureing the high selectivity of film simultaneously, effectively improves the water throughput of film in positive process of osmosis.The core content of this invention be the film forming polymer of band hydrophilic radical with can fix the modifier of hydrophilic polymer in film and combine, decrease hydrophilic film thing in shaping and in using loss, keep stablizing of film hydrophilicity; Simultaneously at the embedded networking of porous support layer, cloth, gained film-strength is high, finally can obtain the positive osmosis composite membrane of excellent combination property.Bittern, bitter and desalinization is can be applicable to by the forward osmosis membrane of preparation method's gained of the present invention; Wastewater treatment; The field such as concentrated of heat sensitive material, has market prospects widely.
Compared with prior art, concrete advantage of the present invention is: the modifier that (1) adds is fixed on functionalized polymer in porous support layer, decrease hydrophilic functional polymer in film forming procedure or in use procedure to dialysis in surrounding medium, improve the hydrophily of film, and then add the water permeation flux in positive process of osmosis; (2) by optimizing interface polymerization reaction liquid composition and reaction condition, it is selective good to obtain, the selective separating that the reverse percolation ratio of Extraction medium is low.(3) the invention provides a kind of method obtaining high-performance forward osmosis membrane by changing casting solution composition.This method not only optimizes the open support body structure of film, further improve the hydrophily of film simultaneously, and the inorganic particulate added is due to can electrostatic self-assembled between surface charge and hydrophilic polymer functional group, thus minimizing hydrophilic polymer is moved out in film forming and use procedure in solution, has the effect keeping film properties stable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is forward osmosis membrane porous support layer stereoscan photograph schematic diagram prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 2, the section structure that Fig. 1 (a) is perforated membrane, the cortex (multiplication factor is 100,000) that Fig. 1 (b) is porous support membrane.
Fig. 2 is the positive and negative two sides stereoscan photograph schematic diagram of prepared high-performance forward osmosis membrane in the present embodiment 2.Fig. 2 (a) is forward osmosis membrane upper surface schematic diagram; Fig. 2 (b) is forward osmosis membrane lower surface schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to following cited specific embodiment, also comprises any combination between each detailed description of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
One, by ratio of weight and the number of copies 13: 2: 40: 45 by polyether sulfone, SPSF, N, N-dimethylacetylamide and 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE mixing, through heating and stir, leave standstill or vacuum defoamation join preparation liquid, then spread to Flat Membrane at clean, smooth glass plate upper blade, then inversion of phases becomes perforated membrane in water, the thickness of film about 100 microns.
Two, Flat Membrane made in step one is at room temperature soaked in deionized water is no less than 24 hours, fully wash away fenestra internal solvent, after spending deionized water 2 ~ 3 times after taking-up again, with compressed air purge film surface to without obviously water stain or in clean environment room temperature dry.
Three, the perforated membrane dried in step 2 is fixed in framework, the aqueous solution containing polyamine monomer is poured on the finer and close cortex of perforated membrane, be i.e. the surface of direct ingress of air when striking or curtain coating in step one.After spending 1 ~ 4 minute, drain the aqueous solution on film surface, and purge to water stain-free with compressed air.And then, with the film surface that oil phase reactant liquor is being crossed through polyamines solution-treated, after spending 1 ~ 2 minute, drain unnecessary organic solution again, film after room temperature is dried, in 2000ppm aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite, soak two points of kinds, be then transferred to the monomer that the removing in 30 seconds of 200ppm antiformin solution fails to react.Finally, heat treatment 5 ~ 10 minutes at 60 ~ 80 DEG C.High flux, low extractant diffuse in reverse direction positive osmosis composite membrane.
The forward osmosis membrane prepared in the present embodiment, under positive penetration modes, namely active layer is at feed side, and porous layer, in extract side, makes extract with 2mol/L sodium-chloride water solution, and positive osmotic water flux is 7.2L/m 2h, the reverse seepage flux of salt is 5.8g/m 2h.
Embodiment 2:
13: 2: 0.15: 40: 45 by polyether sulfone by ratio of weight and the number of copies, SPSF, imvite, N, N-dimethylacetylamide and 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE mixing, through heating with stir, to leave standstill or preparation liquid is joined in vacuum defoamation, then spread to Flat Membrane with scraper on clean, smooth glass plate, in water, inversion of phases becomes perforated membrane again, film thickness about 100 microns.All the other steps and embodiment 1 are together.The section pore structure of porous layer is even, and cortex even aperture distribution, without large hole defect.The microscopic pattern of porous support layer as shown in Figure 1.
The forward osmosis membrane prepared in the present embodiment, under the test condition identical with embodiment 1, water permeation flux is 24.2L/m 2h, the reverse seepage flux of salt is 3.4g/m 2h.And the standard merchandise forward osmosis membrane of HydrationTechnologyInnovations company under the same testing conditions, water permeation flux is 12.5L/m 2h, the reverse seepage flux of salt is 6.3g/m 2h, the forward osmosis membrane obviously obtained by the present embodiment has high water flux, the feature of the reverse seepage of low Extraction medium.
Embodiment 3:
13: 2: 0.15: 40: 45 by polyether sulfone by ratio of weight and the number of copies, SPSF, imvite, DMA and 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE mixing, through heating and stir, leave standstill or vacuum defoamation join preparation liquid.250 order polyester screen cloth wet with solvent, and be fixed on cleaning, smooth glass plate, at room temperature dry.Again casting solution is poured on screen cloth and spreads to Flat Membrane with scraper, then inversion of phases becomes perforated membrane in water, the gross thickness of film about 100 microns.All the other steps and embodiment 1 are together.
The forward osmosis membrane prepared in the present embodiment, microscopic pattern as shown in Figure 2.Under the test condition identical with embodiment 1, water permeation flux is 22L/m 2h, the reverse seepage flux of salt is 4.7g/m 2h.The forward osmosis membrane obtained by the present embodiment not only has high water flux, the feature of the reverse seepage of low Extraction medium, and mechanical strength is high.There is good marketing prospect.

Claims (2)

1. the positive osmosis composite membrane preparation method of high water flux, it is characterized in that, the method realizes according to the following steps:
One, by ratio of weight and the number of copies (10 ~ 15): (0 ~ 10): (0 ~ 5): principal film-forming polymer, functionalized polymer, modifier and solvent mix by (70 ~ 90), through 20 ~ 60 DEG C heating and stir, leave standstill or vacuum defoamation join preparation liquid, then on base material with striking or curtain coating become Flat Membrane, in water, inversion of phases becomes perforated membrane again;
Two, Flat Membrane made in step one is at room temperature soaked in deionized water is no less than 24 hours, fully wash away fenestra internal solvent, after spending deionized water 2 ~ 3 times after taking-up again, with compressed air purge film surface to without obviously water stain or in clean environment room temperature dry;
Three, the perforated membrane dried in step 2 is fixed in framework, obtains active separating layer with interfacial polymerization;
Concrete method is: be poured on by the aqueous solution containing polyamine monomer on the finer and close cortex of perforated membrane, i.e. the surface of direct ingress of air when striking or curtain coating in step one; After spending 1 ~ 4 minute, drain the aqueous solution on film surface, and purge to water stain-free with compressed air; And then, the film surface crossed through polyamines solution-treated is poured on by the organic solution containing acyl chlorides monomer, after spending 1 ~ 2 minute, drain unnecessary organic solution again, film after room temperature is dried, soak two minutes in 2000ppm aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite, be then transferred to the monomer that the removing in 30 seconds of 200ppm antiformin solution fails to react; Finally, heat treatment 5 ~ 10 minutes at 60 ~ 80 DEG C, high water flux, low extractant diffuse in reverse direction positive osmosis composite membrane;
Polymer in step one is one or more and the SPSF in polyether sulfone, polysulfones, Kynoar, cellulose acetate, Triafol T, one or more mixtures formed in sulfonated poly (phenylene oxide); Containing hydrophilic radical in polymer blend, modifier is organic or inorganic particle, concrete comprises titanium oxide, imvite, graphene oxide, CNT and carbonitride, and the derivative that titanium oxide, imvite, graphene oxide, CNT and carbonitride are modified; Solvent is the mixture of one or more in DMA, DMF, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone and Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxane;
Base material in step one must be smooth, clean, specifically glass plate, polyfluortetraethylene plate, or polyester webs, cloth;
Polyamine monomer in step 2 at least should comprise m-phenylene diamine (MPD), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), mixture to one or more in benzene ethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, piperazine, for promoting reaction process, adding acid binding agent in aqueous makes reactant liquor in interfacial polymerization process keep strong basicity, in addition, add the surfactant of liquid quality fraction less than 1%, be specially dodecyl sodium sulfate or camphorsulfonic acid, the polyamine aqueous solution can be made to adhere to better at porous film surface;
In step 2, oil phase reactant liquor is the normal hexane solution at least containing the one or both mixture in m-phthaloyl chloride, pyromellitic trimethylsilyl chloride.
2. the positive osmosis composite membrane of high water flux, is characterized in that: this positive osmosis composite membrane is that the positive osmosis composite membrane preparation method of a kind of high water flux according to claim 1 prepares.
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