CN1039749C - Ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring method and instrument - Google Patents
Ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring method and instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN1039749C CN1039749C CN 89103472 CN89103472A CN1039749C CN 1039749 C CN1039749 C CN 1039749C CN 89103472 CN89103472 CN 89103472 CN 89103472 A CN89103472 A CN 89103472A CN 1039749 C CN1039749 C CN 1039749C
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- sand
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic sand measuring method and an ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying water measuring instrument which is composed of a transmitting circuit, a narrow pulse amplifying circuit, a detection amplifier, a screen displaying circuit, a sampling circuit, a shaping circuit, a counting circuit, a synchronous circuit and an ultrasonic probe. The utility model is characterized in that ultrasonic pulses are transmitted by the ultrasonic probe to low sand-carrying water; sand in water generates reflected waves which are received by the same probe; the reflected pulses are counted in an appointed time interval; the result is compared with a sand quantity curve previously gauged; thereby, the sand-carrying quantity can be obtained. The instrument has a sand measuring range of (0 to 2) kg/m<3>; the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient measure, high speed and accuracy. The present invention is suitable for measuring the sand-carrying quantity in most of rivers of China.
Description
The invention belongs to the hydrology measuring technology field.
At present, measuring the method for rivers silt content both at home and abroad, is based on suspended sand sampler.Suspended sand sampler is divided into the horizontal type instantaneous sampler, vertical instantaneous sampler, kind such as bottle sampler but no matter adopt which kind of sampling thief, all will sampling thief be put into water with cable, pointwise or take to close husky water sample along the depth of water, water sample is filtered, and oven dry weighs, husky sample is analyzed.
On the method for sampling, be divided into instantaneous sampling and long-pending time sampling again, instantaneous formula is represented instantaneous sampling, and long-pending up-to-date style will experience a period of time rather than instantaneous when being meant sampling, overcomes the influence that silt content fluctuates so to a certain extent.So-called long-pending point type and long-pending dark formula are arranged again, and long-pending point type is meant in selected point of fixity sampling, and long-pending dark formula is to move the husky sample of taking along vertical line from top to bottom or from bottom to top along the depth of water.
After the sampling, at first to filter, dry again, weigh to determine the size of silt content containing husky water sample.
One, survey sand with suspended sand sampler and exist following problem:
1. it is big to work as silt content, when flow velocity is big, and the sampling difficulty, error is big.
2. when silt content was low, because the adhesion of the grains of sand in sampling, error was also big.
3. waste time and energy, generally needing just has the result about ten days.Though exist, still do not have better method to replace so far, thereby, in rivers, survey sand now at home and abroad still based on suspended sand sampler with first-class problem.
Two, isotope is surveyed micromicrofarad
Utilize radioactivity coordination system as radioactive source, the emission gamma-rays, because photoelectric effect, Compton effect and pair effect make transmitted intensity produce decay.When surveying sand, radioactive source is put into water, through behind the silt-including water, ray is decayed, and utilizes the received transmitted intensity of scintillation counter to weaken, and its degree that weakens is relevant with the silt content in the water.Isotope is surveyed sand and is set up according to this principle.
This method is used for measuring the silt content in the water more in the higher current of silt content, when silt content was low, error was very big, when silt content is lower than 1kg/M
3The time, can not use, the weakness that it is maximum is that radioactive isotope is harmful to health, thereby is difficult for promoting.
Three, vibrating type sand meter
Vibrating type sand meter is the hollow pipe that utilizes two ends fixing, when vibrating tube is flow through in silt carrying flow, influences the vibration frequency of vibrating tube.The vibration frequency of vibrating tube and the density of water body, or the sand that contains in the water body is measured relevant.
U.S. CE C instrument company and Britain Solartron company all have product to sell, and at home, Yunnan University also develops a kind of model machine, and is tested and appraised in nineteen eighty-three.
This vibrating type sand meter also is unsuitable for and is used for measuring low sand-carrying capacity, the instrument of Yunnan University development, when silt content at 10kg/M
3Below, the data shakiness, inconvenience is used.
Four, photo-electric sand meter
At home and abroad all the someone studies with photoelectric method and surveys sand, owing to be subjected to the influence of grains of sand color and luster and particle diameter, over past ten years, seldom uses.
Total the above, is past adopted the survey method for determining sand, all exists shortcoming, mostly energy measurement low sand-carrying capacity not.In above several method, what can at home and abroad continue to use at rivers is suspended sand sampler.And this method contains application difficult in the sand at height, and error is bigger in low concentration sediment flow, and the characteristics of type of the present invention are responsive especially to low sand-carrying capacity, is suitable for using in low silt-laden river.
The present invention is according to surveying husky needs in the rivers, a kind of new survey method for determining sand that puts forward through long-term the exploration, and in order to realize this survey method for determining sand, and the ultrasonic instrument that a cover of developing can the fast detecting low sand-carrying capacity.
Essential characteristic of the present invention is by to the emission ultrasonic pulse of the measured point of low silt-including water, when ultrasonic pulse is propagated in silt-including water, on the interface of the different water of acoustic impedance and the grains of sand, will produce reflection wave, these reflection waves are received and convert to electric signal amplify, in the time of appointment, carry out stored count.Because the reflection wave number becomes certain proportionate relationship with silt content in the water body.Therefore, the reflection wave number of accumulative total gained and the reflection wave counting that calibrates according to known silt content are in advance contrasted with the silt content relation curve, can obtain the silt content in tested zone.
Because institute remembers relation between number of echoes and the silt content two aspects are arranged in theory: the first, the grains of sand in tested zone the more, the number of echoes that reflects from the grains of sand the more, thereby reflect wave number and silt content proportional; The secondth, the decay of ultrasound wave in silt carrying flow increases along with the increase of silt content, and the grains of sand that the reflection echo of measured point is subjected to being suspended on the surveyed area stop, thereby when silt content is increased to a certain degree, the non-linear relation of rising of reflection wave number is when silt content reaches 2kg/M
3The time be state of saturation, measurement range of the present invention is (0～2) kg/M
3
Measure the silt content in the low silt-including water in order to realize said method effectively, the present invention has developed the ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring instrument, this measuring instrument mainly is made of transmitter, receptacle, isochronous controller and counter, described transmitter is made up of ultrasonic probe and radiating circuit, radiating circuit adopts two thyratrons or controllable silicon formula and is subjected to the control of isochronous controller, and the excitation ultrasound probe is regularly to the ultrasonic pulse of tested water body emission amplitude stabilization; Receiver is mainly by ultrasonic probe, and amplifying circuit, sample circuit and shaping circuit are formed, and wherein amplifying circuit is made up of pulse amplifier and detector amplefier and sample circuit is controlled by isochronous controller.Because the pulse that from water body, reflects, its width is generally about about 1 μ s, thereby pulse amplifier adopts the burst pulse amplifier, receiving these narrow pulse signals amplifies, and then send into that detector amplefier removes negative-going pulse and to forward pulse amplify, send into shaping circuit thereupon the direct impulse that is exaggerated is carried out shaping, send into counter at last and count.In order to realize adjusting and control to tested regional extent, and the reflection echo of catching tested regional water body is effectively accurately measured the silt content in tested zone, in receiver, be provided with a critical sample circuit, it is made up of two monostable circuits, the circular section of tested regional extent is amassed in scope at Φ 10～Φ 30, the scope of vertical range 10～100 effectively regulate.Synchronizing circuit is in order to coordinate counter, and effective work of radiating circuit and sample circuit is provided with, and mainly is control radiating circuit, the synchronous operation of sample circuit sum counter.
For the reflection echo of tested regional extent water body is effectively monitored, measuring instrument of the present invention can also be provided with an on-screen display circuit at the output terminal of detector amplefier, with the reflection echo of the tested regional extent water body of demonstration directly perceived.
Ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring method of the present invention and measuring instrument thereof have measure simple, fast, accurately, economy and facility, advantage such as work safety and applicability are stronger is that low concentration sediment flow is surveyed husky comparatively desirable equipment.
Accompanying drawing one is a ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring instrument structural principle synoptic diagram of the present invention: 1 is radiating circuit among the figure; 2 is the burst pulse amplifier; 3 is detector amplefier; 4 is on-screen display circuit; 5 is sample circuit; 6 is synchronizing circuit; 7 is shaping circuit; 8 are the counting display circuit; 9 is ultrasonic probe.
Claims (5)
1. method of utilizing ultrasonic pulse to measure low sand-carrying capacity, it is characterized in that: described method is by emission ultrasonic pulse in low concentration sediment flow and receives thus the reflection liquid that the interface produced at the water and the grains of sand, in designated time intervals to the reflected impulse stored count, check with the umber of pulse one silt content relation curve of demarcating in advance then, just can be in the hope of tested silt content.
2. a ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring instrument of realizing the described method measurement of claim 1 low sand-carrying capacity is made of transmitter, receiver, isochronous controller and counter, it is characterized in that:
Described transmitter is made up of ultrasonic probe and radiating circuit, and its radiating circuit adopts double-gate drift tube type or controllable silicon formula, and is controlled by isochronous controller.
Described receiver is by ultrasonic probe, amplifying circuit, and sample circuit and shaping circuit are formed, and wherein pulse amplifier and detector amplefier are formed in the amplifying circuit, and sample circuit is controlled by isochronous controller.
3. ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring instrument as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described sample circuit is made up of two monostable circuits, its parameter is selected to satisfy tested regional extent, and vertical range is regulated in the scope of 10mm～100mm.
4. as claim 2,3 described ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring instruments is characterized in that: the ultrasonic probe of described transmitter and the ultrasonic probe of described receiver can be common, also can separate.
5. as claim 2,3 described ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring instruments, it is characterized in that: described pulse amplifier should adopt the burst pulse amplifier.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89103472 CN1039749C (en) | 1989-05-20 | 1989-05-20 | Ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring method and instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89103472 CN1039749C (en) | 1989-05-20 | 1989-05-20 | Ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring method and instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1047573A CN1047573A (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| CN1039749C true CN1039749C (en) | 1998-09-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89103472 Expired - Fee Related CN1039749C (en) | 1989-05-20 | 1989-05-20 | Ultrasonic pulse low sand-carrying capacity measuring method and instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1039749C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104019804B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2017-07-11 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of high silt laden flood density current detecting system |
| CN112393844B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-02-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure wave under high vertical pressure |
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1989
- 1989-05-20 CN CN 89103472 patent/CN1039749C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1047573A (en) | 1990-12-05 |
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