CN112393844B - Method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure wave under high vertical pressure - Google Patents
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- G01L27/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring fluid pressure
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L13/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values
- G01L13/02—Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values using elastically-deformable members or pistons as sensing elements
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of an oil and gas underground information measurement method while drilling, in particular to a method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure waves under high vertical pressure. The invention can meet the extremely low magnitude dynamic pressure measurement under the pressure of the slurry high stand pipe, can bear the high pressure of the slurry stand pipe and has wide dynamic pressure measurement range; meanwhile, the ultra-low-order measurement precision is met, and the problems of zero drift and working frequency interference of a strain type measurement method and a piezoelectric type measurement method are solved; the method can effectively adapt to the mud pulse signal measuring environment, accurately measure, obviously reduce the error rate and have great practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of an oil and gas underground information measurement method while drilling, in particular to a method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure waves under high vertical pressure.
Background
The transmitted mud pulse pressure wave signal in the drill string is generated by the compressibility of the mud, and the reliability of measurement and control data while drilling is based on the reliability of various measurement data. In the process that the mud pulse signal is transmitted along a mud medium in a drill string, the transmission process of the pulse signal is a continuous attenuation process because of the influence of multiple factors such as well depth, transmission frequency, mud density, frictional resistance of the inner wall of the drill string, pressure of a drilling pump and the like, so that the amplitude of a pressure wave signal acquired by a ground decoding system is small, and the noise mixed with the pressure wave signal is large, and therefore the extremely small pulsating pressure can be measured very difficultly under high static pressure. The accurate measurement data needs to determine a proper measurement mode and a proper measurement system, and the proper measurement mode is selected through analysis and estimation of measurement purposes, measurement environment, measured parameters, the number of measured points, measurement precision and the like.
The strain type pressure measurement method is connected with a strain gauge through a strain type pressure sensor to obtain dynamic response, and is characterized by high measurement precision, good linearity and small influence by temperature, but the measurement error of the strain gauge matched with the strain type pressure measurement method is larger, and meanwhile, the strain type pressure sensor has weak signal, small temperature range and tedious debugging, so that the total error of the measurement method is larger, and the strain type pressure measurement method is not suitable for the measurement requirement of extremely low pulsating pressure.
The quartz piezoelectric pressure measurement method obtains dynamic response by connecting the piezoelectric sensor with the charge amplifier, and is characterized by good dynamic response, good stability and small volume, but the quartz piezoelectric sensor has higher measurement repeatability error, and is slow to recover after being subjected to pulse overpressure, insensitive to temperature and poor in anti-interference performance, so that the quartz piezoelectric pressure measurement method is not suitable for the measurement requirement of extremely low pulse pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure waves under high vertical pressure, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and can effectively solve the problem that the existing measuring method is difficult to measure the minimum pulse pressure under high static pressure.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: a method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure waves under high pressure and vertical pressure comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining an error and a resolution;
selecting a differential pressure sensor with proper measuring range, error and resolution according to the pulse pressure amplitude of the measured mud;
the second step is that: static checking;
carrying out pressure loading on the selected differential pressure sensor, and respectively carrying out unidirectional loading and balanced pressure loading, wherein when the output response error of the two sections of unidirectional loading and balanced pressure loading is less than the ratio of the maximum allowable error to the measuring range, the static verification is qualified;
the third step: dynamic electrical verification;
firstly, testing the frequency response characteristic of an amplitude modulation detection amplifier of a differential pressure sensor, enabling the amplitude modulation detection amplifier to generate an analog input signal containing upper and lower side frequencies of an amplitude modulation signal by adopting a difference frequency method, dynamically verifying an amplitude modulation detection amplifier system of the differential pressure sensor by using a shock tube, determining a dynamic working frequency band of the differential pressure sensor, shortening the length of a dynamic pressure inlet nozzle of the differential pressure sensor and expanding the inlet nozzle until the dynamic working frequency band required by the differential pressure sensor is reached when the dynamic working frequency band needs to be expanded, verifying a bridge measuring circuit of the differential pressure sensor, and eliminating an electric output system error caused by the change of the bridge measuring circuit along with a working state;
the fourth step: dynamic pressure isolation of the static pressure pipeline;
in the process of measuring the mud pulse pressure by using the differential pressure sensor, the static pressure pipeline of the differential pressure sensor and the connected static pressure transmission pipeline completely isolate dynamic pressure;
the fifth step: mounting and protecting a membrane;
when the differential pressure sensor is installed, liquid is filled in an interface of the differential pressure sensor in advance, and the differential pressure sensor needs to change slowly when static pressure is boosted and relieved in the measuring process;
and a sixth step: the measurement precision is improved;
the pressure difference sensor is preloaded before measurement, and measurement is carried out after loading is finished.
The following is further optimization or/and improvement of the technical scheme of the invention:
in the fourth step, the method for ensuring dynamic pressure isolation of the static pressure pipeline comprises the following steps: and checking and determining the size of the static pressure pipeline of the differential pressure sensor according to the relationship between the pressure attenuation and the frequency of different pressure measuring apertures and the relationship between the length of the pressure measuring pipe and the cut-off frequency.
In the fourth step, the method for ensuring dynamic pressure isolation of the static pressure pipeline comprises the following steps: one end of the pipe diameter inlet of the differential pressure sensor is connected with a pressure air source, a certain pressure value is kept unchanged, the change range of the differential pressure sensor output differential pressure value is observed, and during static verification, the change range is within 3% of the pressure value.
In the fifth step, the change value of the pressure difference sensor during the pressurization and the pressure relief of the static pressure in the measuring process is less than 0.5 MPa/min.
In the sixth step, the preloading is performed for 3 times, and the measurement work is performed within 4 hours after the loading is completed.
The invention fully depends on the characteristics of the magnitude, the measuring environment and the noise of the measured parameters of the mud pulse signal, meets the ultra-low magnitude dynamic pressure measurement under the high riser pressure of the mud, and has the advantages of high pressure bearing capacity of the mud riser and wide dynamic pressure measuring range; the method effectively attenuates invalid interference signals with certain frequency and amplitude, has the advantages of anti-interference capability and high measurement accuracy; meanwhile, the ultra-low-order measurement precision is met, and the problems of zero drift and working frequency interference of a strain type measurement method and a piezoelectric type measurement method are solved; the method is simple, convenient and reliable, can effectively adapt to the mud pulse signal measurement environment, can accurately measure, obviously reduces the error rate, and has great practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure waves under high pressure and vertical pressure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a differential pressure inductive sensor according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the measurement system (differential pressure inductive sensor) in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a waveform of dynamic pressure in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a static pressure verification characteristic curve of the CY3 type differential pressure inductive sensor in the embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a dynamic verification characteristic curve of the CY3 type differential pressure inductive sensor according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a magnetic core, 2 is a diaphragm, 3 is a coil, 4 is a filter tube, 5 is a pipe diameter inlet of a differential pressure sensor, 6 is electrical calibration, 7 is an amplitude modulation detection amplifier, 8 is a recorder, 9 is a differential pressure measurement signal, 10 is a piezoelectric measurement signal, 11 is a zero negative pressurization output characteristic, 12 is a zero positive pressurization output characteristic, 13 is a negative output characteristic under 35MPa equilibrium pressure, and 14 is a negative output characteristic under 35MPa equilibrium pressure.
In FIGS. 2 to 3, L1、L2The coil lengths are respectively, and R3 and R4 are respectively resistances.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and figures:
example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure wave under high pressure and vertical pressure comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining an error and a resolution;
and selecting a differential pressure sensor with proper measuring range, error and resolution according to the pulse pressure amplitude of the measured mud.
If the pulse amplitude of the measured mud is 0.1MPa at most and the maximum allowable absolute error is 0.01MPa, the total precision of the measurement system is required to be better than 10%, if a differential pressure sensor with the total error smaller than 5% is selected, the maximum range of the measurement system (differential pressure sensor) is required to be not more than 0.2MPa according to the calculation of the maximum allowable absolute error of 0.01MPa, so that the required measurement precision can be ensured by selecting the differential pressure sensor with the range of 0.1MPa to 0.2MPa, and the requirement can be met by selecting the static range larger than the pressure of the stand pipe.
The second step is that: static checking;
and carrying out pressure loading on the selected differential pressure sensor, respectively carrying out unidirectional loading and balanced pressure loading, and carrying out static verification to be qualified when the output response error of the two sections of unidirectional loading and balanced pressure loading is less than the ratio of the maximum allowable error to the measuring range.
The pressure difference sensor diaphragm has different one-way pressure response and two-way pressure response, but the same balanced loading response, the mud pulse pressure belongs to balanced loading in the measuring process, and the balanced loading is statically checked, so that the ratio of the maximum allowable error to the measuring range of the output response error of the two sections of the one-way loading and the balanced pressure loading is reasonable.
The third step: dynamic electrical verification;
firstly testing the frequency response characteristic of an amplitude modulation detection amplifier 7 of the differential pressure sensor, enabling the amplitude modulation detection amplifier 7 to generate an analog input signal containing upper and lower side frequencies of an amplitude modulation signal by adopting a difference frequency method, dynamically verifying an amplitude modulation detection amplifier 7 system of the differential pressure sensor by using a shock tube, determining a dynamic working frequency band of the differential pressure sensor, shortening the length of a dynamic pressure inlet nozzle of the differential pressure sensor and expanding the inlet nozzle until the dynamic working frequency band required by the differential pressure sensor is reached when the dynamic working frequency band needs to be expanded, verifying a bridge measurement circuit of the differential pressure sensor, and eliminating an electric output system error caused by the change of the bridge measurement circuit along with the working state.
The frequency band can be expanded by changing the filter parameters of the filter of the differential pressure sensor, and the straightness of the frequency response characteristic can be improved by additionally arranging the load matching resistor.
The shock tube is used for dynamically verifying an amplitude modulation detection amplifier 7 system of the differential pressure sensor, a dynamic working frequency band is determined, when the frequency band needs to be expanded, a dynamic pressure inlet nozzle of the differential pressure sensor can be shortened, the aperture can be expanded, and the pass band of the sensor can be improved by more than 200%.
For the bridge measurement circuit of the differential pressure sensor, an electric calibration device can be arranged outside the bridge measurement circuit by a method of connecting bridge arm resistors in parallel, and when pressure is verified, the pressure value represented by the calibration resistor is calculated, so that the electric output system error caused by the change of the measurement circuit along with the working state is eliminated, and the reliability of the measurement data is improved.
The fourth step: dynamic pressure isolation of the static pressure pipeline;
in the process of measuring the mud pulse pressure by using the differential pressure sensor, the static pressure pipeline of the differential pressure sensor and the connected static pressure transmission pipeline are completely isolated from dynamic pressure.
The pressure difference method (differential pressure sensor) measures the dynamic pressure, which must ensure that the static pressure pipeline completely isolates the dynamic pressure, the length and the inner diameter of the static pressure transmission pipeline should be strictly examined, whether the dynamic pressure with the lowest frequency and the highest amplitude in the test is damped and attenuated or not is judged, namely, only the dynamic pressure is allowed to be input from the other end of the differential pressure sensor.
There are two methods for realizing dynamic pressure isolation of static pressure pipelines: one method is to check the size of the static pressure pipeline of the pressure difference sensor according to the relation between the pressure attenuation and the frequency of different pressure measuring apertures and the relation between the length of the pressure measuring tube and the cut-off frequency, and the other method is to check in-situ, namely, to connect an electric valve in series at the dynamic pressure inlet of the pressure difference sensor and check that the pressure difference sensor and the connected static pressure pipeline do not transmit the dynamic pressure.
The fifth step: mounting and protecting a membrane;
when the differential pressure sensor is used, the great care must be taken, in the whole measuring process, liquid in a hydraulic pipeline is not allowed to leak, otherwise, the liquid in the accommodating cavity shakes to enable the differential pressure sensor to output a low-frequency shaking signal. In order to eliminate the effect of the compressible gas column, appropriate measures are taken when installing the sensor, namely, a syringe is used for filling the sensor interface with liquid in advance.
The differential pressure sensor can bear higher balanced static pressure, but the allowable differential pressure value is small, the pressure is slowly changed when the static pressure is pressurized and released in the measuring process, and the change value is less than 0.5 MPa/min.
And a sixth step: a method for improving the measurement accuracy;
because the main error of the differential pressure sensor is the hysteresis error, the hysteresis error is larger during initial loading, the differential pressure sensor is preloaded before measurement and verification can be effectively avoided, and the interval between the preloading time and the measurement time is less than 4 hours.
On the basis of fully considering the characteristics of a wellhead measurement environment and a mud pressure wave pulse signal, the invention provides a method for measuring a weak mud pulse pressure signal by using a differential pressure sensor under the pressure of a wellhead high riser.
The invention can attenuate ineffective interference signals with certain frequency and amplitude by utilizing the internal friction and viscous effect of fluid in the pressure measuring pipe, the static pressure inside two sides of the pressure difference sensor diaphragm is mutually compensated to only measure the dynamic pressure, and the dynamic pressure magnitude has the advantages of large selection range, high bearable static pressure, strong anti-interference capability and the like.
Example 2: measuring environment: the pressure of the stand pipe is 35MPa, the pressure amplitude of the pulse signal is 0.5MPa, and the ratio of the dynamic pressure to the static pressure is 1.4 percent. The waveform of the dynamic pressure is shown in fig. 4.
Aiming at the measurement environment, the method for measuring the weak mud pulse pressure wave under high pressure and vertical pressure comprises the following steps:
(1) determining error and resolution
By using the error theory as the rule of the error relation between the measuring tool and the detected object, the ratio of the random error of the measuring system to the fluctuation of the measured signal is less than 1/3, namely under the condition of 35MPa of riser pressure, the total precision is better than 1.4 percent multiplied by 1/3=0.5 percent, and the absolute error of the measurement is not more than 0.5MPa multiplied by 1/3=0.17 MPa. When the signal-to-noise ratio of the lowest measurable vibration level in the dynamic pressure measuring process is 5db (1.77 times) approximately equal to 2 times, so that a signal of 0.5MPa is measured, and the resolution of the system is not more than 0.5 MPa/2 =0.25 MPa;
the differential pressure inductive sensor (differential pressure sensor) used in this example 2 is of type CY3,the selectable pressure difference ranges are 0.1, 0.2, 0.7 and 1.2kg/cm2Sensitivity of 200mv/kg/cm2Frequency response is 0 to 500HZ, and precision is +/-4%;
(2) static verification
Carrying out pressure loading on the CY3 type differential pressure inductive sensor, and respectively carrying out zero negative loading, zero positive loading and 35MPa balance pressure loading;
the deflection-pressure characteristic of the differential pressure sensor diaphragm under the unidirectional compression condition is different from that under the bidirectional compression condition, pressure verification shows that the error of the output characteristic slope is 4% during unidirectional loading, the error is reduced to 0.5% during balanced loading, and when the unidirectional loading and the bidirectional loading slopes are consistent, the verification result is more accurate. If fig. 5 is a static pressure calibration characteristic curve of the CY3 type differential pressure inductive sensor, the slope of the curve of the zero point loading and the curve of the balance loading approaches to about 0.03, and the difference is less than 4%, that is, the curve is qualified;
(3) dynamic electrical verification
Firstly, the frequency response characteristic of an amplitude modulation detection amplifier 7 of the differential pressure sensor is tested, and an analog input signal containing upper and lower side frequencies of an amplitude modulation signal is generated by adopting a difference frequency method. The filter parameters of a filter of the differential pressure sensor are used for expanding the frequency band, a load matching resistor is additionally arranged to improve the flatness of frequency response characteristics, and a shock tube is used for carrying out dynamic verification on a sensor amplifier system (an amplitude modulation detection amplifier 7), wherein the sampling time is 50 mus, the scanning time is 0.1ms/cm, the rising time is 0.68ms, the self-vibration frequency is 583HZ, and the dynamic working frequency band is determined, such as the dynamic verification waveform of a CY3 type differential pressure inductive sensor shown in figure 6;
(4) dynamic pressure isolation for static pressure pipelines
The outlet of a standard slurry riser differential pressure sensor is phi 20mm, a 5MPa pressure air source is connected with one end of a pipe diameter inlet 5 (P1) of the differential pressure sensor, the 5MPa pressure value is kept unchanged, the output differential pressure value of the differential pressure sensor is observed to be changed, and the standard slurry riser differential pressure sensor is qualified within 3% of the static checking pressure range;
(5) mounting and membrane protection
Before the differential pressure sensor is installed, a syringe is used for filling clean water in the differential pressure sensor interface, after the installation is finished, the holding time is longer than 10Min under the static pressure of more than 35MPa, and the pressure value is unchanged. During the measurement process, the static pressure is slowly changed when the static pressure is pressurized and released, and the change value is less than 0.5 MPa/min;
(6) improve the measurement precision
And (4) preloading is carried out for 3 times, and relevant measurement work is carried out within 4 hours after the loading is finished.
In this embodiment 2, a method for directly obtaining dynamic response by using a differential pressure inductive measurement method is used, and a method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure signals by using a differential pressure inductive sensor is used, so that pulse signals with extremely low momentum are accurately measured in a 35MPa drill floor wellhead measurement environment.
In conclusion, the invention meets the requirement of extremely low magnitude dynamic pressure measurement under the pressure of a slurry high vertical pipe according to the characteristics of the magnitude, the measurement environment and the noise of measurement parameters of the slurry pulse signal, and has the advantages of high bearable slurry vertical pipe pressure and wide dynamic pressure measurement range; the method effectively attenuates invalid interference signals with certain frequency and amplitude, has the advantages of anti-interference capability and high measurement accuracy; meanwhile, the ultra-low-order measurement precision is met, and the problems of zero drift and working frequency interference of a strain type measurement method and a piezoelectric type measurement method are solved; the method is simple, convenient and reliable, can effectively adapt to the mud pulse signal measurement environment, can accurately measure, obviously reduces the error rate, and has great practical value.
The above technical features constitute the best embodiment of the present invention, which has strong adaptability and best implementation effect, and unnecessary technical features can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure waves under high pressure and vertical pressure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining an error and a resolution;
selecting a differential pressure sensor with proper measuring range, error and resolution according to the pulse pressure amplitude of the measured mud;
the second step is that: static checking;
carrying out pressure loading on the selected differential pressure sensor, and respectively carrying out unidirectional loading and balanced pressure loading, wherein when the output response error of the two sections of unidirectional loading and balanced pressure loading is less than the ratio of the maximum allowable error to the measuring range, the static verification is qualified;
the third step: dynamic electrical verification;
firstly, testing the frequency response characteristic of an amplitude modulation detection amplifier of a differential pressure sensor, enabling the amplitude modulation detection amplifier to generate an analog input signal containing upper and lower side frequencies of an amplitude modulation signal, dynamically verifying the amplitude modulation detection amplifier system of the differential pressure sensor by using a shock tube, determining the dynamic working frequency band of the differential pressure sensor, shortening the length of a dynamic pressure inlet nozzle of the differential pressure sensor and expanding the inlet nozzle until the dynamic working frequency band required by the differential pressure sensor is reached when the dynamic working frequency band needs to be expanded, verifying a bridge measurement circuit of the differential pressure sensor, and eliminating an electric output system error caused by the change of the bridge measurement circuit along with the working state;
the fourth step: dynamic pressure isolation of the static pressure pipeline;
in the process of measuring the mud pulse pressure by using the differential pressure sensor, the static pressure pipeline of the differential pressure sensor and the connected static pressure transmission pipeline completely isolate dynamic pressure;
the fifth step: mounting and protecting a membrane;
when the differential pressure sensor is installed, liquid is filled in an interface of the differential pressure sensor in advance, and the differential pressure sensor needs to change slowly when static pressure is boosted and relieved in the measuring process;
and a sixth step: the measurement precision is improved;
the pressure difference sensor is preloaded before measurement, and measurement is carried out after loading is finished.
2. The method for measuring the weak mud pulse pressure wave under high pressure and vertical pressure according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the method for ensuring the dynamic pressure isolation of the static pressure pipeline is as follows: and checking and determining the size of the static pressure pipeline of the differential pressure sensor according to the relationship between the pressure attenuation and the frequency of different pressure measuring apertures and the relationship between the length of the pressure measuring pipe and the cut-off frequency.
3. The method for measuring the weak mud pulse pressure wave under high pressure and vertical pressure according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the method for ensuring the dynamic pressure isolation of the static pressure pipeline is as follows: one end of the pipe diameter inlet of the differential pressure sensor is connected with a pressure air source, a certain pressure value is kept unchanged, the change range of the differential pressure sensor output differential pressure value is observed, and during static verification, the change range is within 3% of the pressure value.
4. The method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure waves under high pressure and vertical pressure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in the fifth step, the change value of the differential pressure sensor during the pressurization and the pressure relief of the static pressure during the measurement is less than 0.5 MPa/min.
5. The method for measuring weak mud pulse pressure wave under high pressure and normal pressure as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in the sixth step, preloading is performed 3 times, and the measurement is performed within 4 hours after the completion of the preloading.
6. The method for measuring the weak mud pulse pressure wave under high pressure and normal pressure as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the sixth step, the preloading is performed 3 times, and the measurement is performed within 4 hours after the completion of the preloading.
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| 面向随钻测量的泥浆压力信号脉冲识别研究;蔡鹏飞，张斌;《成都信息工程大学学报》;20190815;第380-383页 * |
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| CN112393844A (en) | 2021-02-23 |
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