CN103971184A - Power transmission line path generation method based on spatial GIS (Geographic Information System) - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a power transmission line path generation method based on a spatial GIS (Geographic Information System). The power transmission line path generation method comprises the following steps: (1) loading a GIS map and inputting a starting point and a terminal point of a power transmission line; (2) giving weights to plots in the grid map by adopting an analytic hierarchy process in combination with GIS information; (3) calculating the optimal path of the power transmission line by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm, and automatically generating statistical data on the line path length, the number of corners and the crossing condition with existing lines; and (4) carrying out on-site investigation and verification, and optimizing the line path in combination with satellite images of complex terrain of a region through which the path passes. The power transmission line path generation method disclosed by the invention completes the path generation in the design of the power transmission line by carrying out gridding treatment on the GIS and combining with the Dijkstra algorithm, and has the functions of path automatic generation, statistics of the path length and corner number, judgment on complex terrain of the line, and the like.

Description

Transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS

Technical field

The present invention relates to power system transmission line design field, specifically a kind of transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS.

Background technology

At present, in Transmission Line Design, path optimization be by designer first in indoor route selection, and after making an on-the-spot survey to scene, readjust path, form final path.But there is following defect in existing path optimization scheme:

1. automaticity is lower.The indoor design of legacy paths completes in paper map, and because most of map drawing age is comparatively remote, the content wherein much having changed fails to be reflected in time on map, and therefore indoor route selection is inaccurate sometimes, and even error is very large.

2. the design cycle is long.The legacy paths method for designing initial stage, owing to lacking geography information, on the basis of indoor route selection, must be carried out reconnaissance trip, collects the data along line route, on this basis, is modified or is selected in path.Like this, cause the line route design cycle longer, be difficult to meet power grid construction demand.

3. fail to consider as a whole the influence factor of line route.The factor that affects line route comprises topography and geomorphology, land used type, scissors crossing, execution conditions etc., and each influence factor comprises again multiple key element.But traditional route designing method is only considered principal element, and does not consider these influence factors as a whole, is irrational.

Summary of the invention

In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS, it generates transmission line of electricity path automatically based on gridding GIS and dijkstra's algorithm, not only precision is high, the cycle is short, and consider the influence factor of various line routes, can meet power grid construction demand.

The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical matters takes: the transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS, it is characterized in that: according to the Origin And Destination of definite transmission line of electricity, and automatically generate transmission line of electricity path in conjunction with the GIS map in path design region, said method comprising the steps of:

1) be written into GIS map and input the Origin And Destination of transmission line of electricity;

2) adopt analytical hierarchy process to compose with weight the plot in grid map in conjunction with GIS information;

3) utilize dijkstra's algorithm to ask for the optimal path of transmission line of electricity, and carry out automatic generation circuit path, corner quantity and the statistics with existing crossing elimination situation;

4) site inspection is verified and is optimized line route in conjunction with the sheet of defending of Suo Jing region, path complex-terrain.

Further, process taking weight is composed as first the factors that affects line route being classified in the described plot in grid map, and utilize analytical hierarchy process to calculate the weighing factor of each influence factor to path, then the GIS map in path domain is carried out to gridding processing, carry out being interconnected between cell by rule, and the spatial geographic information in each cell is quantized to extract, multiply each other with above-mentioned weighing factor, can obtain the weight in each cell representative plot; The comprehensive weight of last computing unit lattice, i.e. additional consideration line length, the impact of corner number on path, the comprehensive weight coefficient in forming unit lattice representative plot.

Further, the described factors that affects line route comprises topography and geomorphology, scissors crossing, land used type and the large class influence factor of traffic condition lamp four, and topography and geomorphology influence factor comprises level land, lake, the network of waterways, mire, mountain area; Scissors crossing influence factor comprises highway, railway, power circuit, communication line; Land used type influence factor comprises the important areas such as residential block, industrial district, forest land and aviation, military affairs, scenic spot, heavy icing area; Influence factor traffic condition can be divided into a class road of standard highway above county level and two class roads of backroad.

Further, the deterministic process of Suo Jing region, described path complex-terrain is to utilize Rule of judgment to judge that, along the complex-terrain in transmission line of electricity path, described Rule of judgment is as follows:

(1) taking unit grid as basis, if be no more than 50% without the area of lake, the network of waterways in cell, and cell is interior without river, forest land, need to add up the central point of square net and the elevation on four summits, get its maximal value and minimum value, and calculate the distance between maximal value and two points of minimum value, calculate according to formula below:

$a=\frac{h_{\max }-h_{\min }}{s}$

If a>0.5773, is judged as complex-terrain, h in formula _max, h _minfor the central point of square net and maximal value and the minimum value on four summits, s is the distance between maximal value and two points of minimum value;

(2) taking unit grid as basis, if the area ratio of lake, the network of waterways exceedes 50% in this grid, be judged to be complex-terrain;

(3) taking unit grid as basis, if there are the landform such as river, forest land, mountain region in this grid simultaneously, judge that this grid is as complex-terrain.

Further, the described process of utilizing dijkstra's algorithm to ask for transmission line of electricity optimal path comprises the following steps:

1) Origin And Destination in path is labeled as respectively to s and e;

2) path starting point s is made as to T node;

3) be " forever " by T vertex ticks, and upgrade the state recording that is communicated with node;

4) identification is communicated with s and the interim node of comprehensive weight minimum, is set to T node, until T node is terminal e, otherwise continues the state recording of renewal connection node;

5), according to the information in each node connected relation and state record table, start to record its preorder node from terminal e, until be recorded to starting point s;

6), according to the result that records of previous step, can form the initial path of starting point s to terminal e.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention, by GIS Spatial GIS being carried out to gridding processing and completing the generation in path in Transmission Line Design in conjunction with dijkstra's algorithm, has the functions such as path generation automatically, path, corner number statistics, the judgement of complex circuit landform.

The present invention has following characteristics:

1) path generates automatically: the present invention can realize the Automated Design of transmission line of electricity path based on GIS,, after the Origin And Destination of definite path, can automatically complete path and generate, for designer's reference;

2) support artificial checking to optimize: the complex-terrain along path can be differentiated after generating in path, facilitates designer to transfer the sheet of defending of this section, supports designer's typing reconnaissance trip data simultaneously, according to this artificial checking is carried out in path and optimize;

3) support statistics along the line: after path generates, can be according to GIS spatial geographic information, complete line length, corner number and the statistics with the situation of intersecting of existing circuit etc.

Brief description of the drawings

By reading the detailed description that non-limiting example is done of doing with reference to the following drawings, it is more obvious that other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become:

Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram that the present invention adopts the automatic generation circuit of dijkstra's algorithm path;

Fig. 3 is the environmental factor Recurison order hierarchy model that the present invention affects transmission line construction difficulty size;

Fig. 4 is that schematic diagram is selected in region, path of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is grid label schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is that grid of the present invention is communicated with schematic diagram;

Fig. 7 is that edge of the present invention grid is communicated with schematic diagram;

Fig. 8 is corner number statistics schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is that initial path of the present invention is optimized schematic diagram;

Figure 10 is that complex-terrain of the present invention judges schematic diagram.

Embodiment

Disclosing below provides many different embodiment or example to be used for realizing different structure of the present invention.Of the present invention open in order to simplify, hereinafter the parts to specific examples and setting are described.In addition, the present invention can be in different examples repeat reference numerals and/or letter.This repetition is in order to simplify and object clearly, itself do not indicate the relation between discussed various embodiment and/or setting.It should be noted that illustrated parts are not necessarily drawn in proportion in the accompanying drawings.The present invention has omitted the description of known assemblies and treatment technology and technique to avoid unnecessarily limiting the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS of the present invention, it is characterized in that: according to the Origin And Destination of definite transmission line of electricity, and automatically generate transmission line of electricity path in conjunction with the GIS map in path design region, said method comprising the steps of:

1) be written into GIS map and input the Origin And Destination of transmission line of electricity;

2) adopt analytical hierarchy process to compose with weight the plot in grid map in conjunction with GIS information;

3) utilize dijkstra's algorithm to ask for the optimal path of transmission line of electricity, and carry out automatic generation circuit path, corner quantity and the statistics with existing crossing elimination situation;

4) site inspection is verified and is optimized line route in conjunction with the sheet of defending of Suo Jing region, path complex-terrain, obtains final transmission line of electricity route scheme.

Further, process taking weight is composed as first the factors that affects line route being classified in the described plot in grid map, and utilize analytical hierarchy process to calculate the weighing factor of each influence factor to path, then the GIS map in path domain is carried out to gridding processing, carry out being interconnected between cell by rule, and the spatial geographic information in each cell is quantized to extract, multiply each other with above-mentioned weighing factor, can obtain the weight in each cell representative plot; The comprehensive weight of last computing unit lattice, i.e. additional consideration line length, the impact of corner number on path, the comprehensive weight coefficient in forming unit lattice representative plot.

As shown in Figure 2, the described process of utilizing dijkstra's algorithm to ask for transmission line of electricity optimal path comprises the following steps:

1) Origin And Destination in path is labeled as respectively to s and e;

2) path starting point s is made as to T node;

3) be " forever " by T vertex ticks, and upgrade the state recording that is communicated with node;

4) identification is communicated with s and the interim node of comprehensive weight minimum, is set to T node, until T node is terminal e, otherwise continues the state recording of renewal connection node;

5), according to the information in each node connected relation and state record table, start to record its preorder node from terminal e, until be recorded to starting point s;

6), according to the result that records of previous step, can form the initial path of starting point s to terminal e.

In all its bearings transmission line of electricity path generating method of the present invention is described in detail below.

One, dijkstra's algorithm explanation

Dijkstra's algorithm is the shortest path first from a summit to all the other each summits, solution be shortest route problem in digraph.Its ultimate principle is: dijkstra's algorithm is to be undertaken by the stage in the time solving shortest path.In each stage, dijkstra's algorithm is selected a vertex v, and it has minimum cell weight d in all unknown summits _v, cell weighted value calculates by analytical hierarchy process, and algorithm states that the shortest path from source point s to this vertex v is known simultaneously, and the remainder of present stage is the weights d to all the other summits by source point s _wupgrade work group.

Two, dijkstra's algorithm application

According to the principle of dijkstra's algorithm, first should determine starting point and the terminal in path, and set up the mode of communicating of grid by preceding method; Meanwhile, the weight of the weight coefficient of each grid computing being got in touch with between grid.Dijkstra's algorithm is using this coefficient as the foundation of searching optimal path.

In path design, not only consider circuit weight, and need to consider that the corner number in path is less, length is shorter, reduces circuit cost with this.Therefore, need to calculate rational path comprehensive weight, complete the selection of optimal path.

Weight coefficient in dijkstra's algorithm between cell calculates by following formula.

f＝w+f ₁l+f ₂n

In formula, f---path, unit comprehensive weight;

W---cell weight;

L---path, m;

N---circuit corner number.

By f ₁with f ₂be set to adjustable parameter, can be regulated in conjunction with path and corner number by designer.

Three, the realization of dijkstra's algorithm in path design

(1) basic data is prepared

(1.1) GIS map

The GIS map that preparation comprises circuit starting point and terminal region, should be able to comprise the information such as all topography and geomorphologies in this region, land used type, scissors crossing, execution conditions.

(1.2) influence factor processing

The environmental factor that affects transmission line of electricity path is more, studies for convenience this method and is divided into four large classes: topography and geomorphology, scissors crossing, land used type, traffic condition.Wherein, topography and geomorphology comprises level land, lake, the network of waterways, mire, mountain area; Scissors crossing comprises highway, railway, power circuit, communication line; Land used type comprises residential block, industrial district, forest land, important area (as aviation, military affairs, scenic spot, heavy icing area etc.); Traffic condition can be divided into a class road (standard highway above county level) and two class roads (backroad).Taking environmental factor, transmission line construction difficulty size is set up to Recurison order hierarchy model as shown in Figure 3 as target.

For These parameters, need provide the corresponding significance level size of each index a according to 1～9 scaling law shown in table 1 _ij.

Table 1:1～9 scaling law

Set up according to the method described above n × n rank judgment matrix A.

$A=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}{a}_{11}& a_{12}& ...& a_{1n}\\ a_{21}& a_{22}& ...& a_{2n}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...\\ a_{n1}& a_{n2}& ...& a_{\mathrm{nn}}\end{array}\right)$

Wherein, A ₀the judgment matrix of expressiveness layer to destination layer; A ₁, A ₂, A ₃, A ₄represent the judgment matrix of each destination layer to rule layer.Each judgment matrix value is as shown in the table.

$A_0=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}1& 1/2& 1/5& 1/2\\ 2& 1& 1/2& 1\\ 5& 2& 1& 3\\ 2& 1& 1/3& 1\end{array}\right),$ $A_1=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}1& 1/2& 1/2& 1/3\\ 2& 1& 1& 1/2\\ 2& 1& 1& 1/2\\ 3& 2& 2& 1\end{array}\right),$

$A_2=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}1& 1& 1/3& 1/3\\ 1& 1& 1/3& 1/3\\ 3& 3& 1& 1\\ 3& 3& 1& 1\end{array}\right),$ $A_3=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}1& 1& 6& 1\\ 1& 1& 6& 1\\ 1/6& 1/6& 1& 1/8\\ 1& 1& 8& 1\end{array}\right)$

$A_4=\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 1/2\\ 2& 1\end{array}\right)$

Calculate according to analytical hierarchy process, can obtain the weight coefficient of each influence factor to destination layer in indicator layer, in table 2.

Table 2: the weight coefficient of the each influence factor of indicator layer to destination layer

Influence factor	Index	Weight coefficient	Account form
				Topography and geomorphology	Level land	0.0207	Press area

(2) determine path Origin And Destination

The load point providing and substation location are defined as to starting point and the terminal in path, determine after starting point and terminal, in transmission line of electricity path design, must meet also transformer station's line direction, and can provide Bi Jingdian position, path according to requirement of engineering.

(3) path regional extent and gridding

(3.1) path regional extent is selected

Measure the air line distance (km of unit, lower same) of Origin And Destination, do right-angle triangle with east-west direction and North and South direction.Obtain the length of side of this leg-of-mutton thing and North and South direction.These two distances are added respectively to 2, and the number that rounds up, this regional extent can be obtained, as shown in Figure 4.If must be included in outside this regional extent through point, also answer enlarged area scope, make to be positioned in region through point.

(3.2) path regional network is formatted

Divide region, path to select specification square (1000m or 500m), form grid chart.

(4) numbering and connection

(4.1) grid numbering

Taking starting point place side as numbering reference position.Certain region is divided by 5 × 9 grids, be numbered by method shown in Fig. 5.

(4.2) grid mode of communicating

For m × n grid, the mode of communicating of i grid is undertaken by Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 method.

(5) statistical function along the line

For ease of path being carried out preferably, on the basis of routine weight value, need to consider the impact of line length and corner number simultaneously.Therefore, need statistics line length along the line and corner number, can be in conjunction with this optimal path of network structure Information Statistics in GIS the situation of intersecting with All other routes.

Corner number statistical method as shown in Figure 8.Suppose that m × n grid is example.For i summit, draw the direction path that all sensing i summits and i summit are pointed to, and mark number number difference between the two, as shown in Figure 8.Regulation: when the previous summit on i summit is to number number difference on i summit, number number difference on the next summit of pointing to i summit, the two is equal, does not occur corner when path is by i summit; If the two is unequal, there is corner, corner number adds 1.For example, if the previous summit on i summit is i-m, a rear summit is i+m+1, because the two number number difference is respectively m and m+1, this path occurs corner on i summit.

Four, initial path optimization

After initial path generates, need to proceed to optimize, especially on the corner.On the corner, complete path optimization.Optimization method is: on the corner, connect respectively each point before and after corner, get length wherein the longest and not with replacement original corner path can not passing through district and intersects.Detailed process can be with reference to the method shown in Figure 10.

Five, complex-terrain judgement

After initial path is optimized, need to judge through Topographic Complex Degree line route, to facilitate the sheet of defending that calls complex-terrain place (to utilize the stack monitoring information of the technological means making such as Satellite Remote Sensing and the Thematic Image Map sheet about forming after key element, be called for short and defend sheet), conveniently check this place's topographic condition for line design personnel, line route is carried out to manual intervention.

The Rule of judgment following (satisfied wherein any one be judged as complex-terrain) of complex-terrain:

(1) taking unit grid as basis, if be no more than 50% without the area of lake, the network of waterways in cell, and cell is interior without river, forest land, need to add up the central point of square net and the elevation on four summits, get its maximal value and minimum value, and calculate the distance between maximal value and two points of minimum value.

Taking Fig. 9 as example, the elevation of five points of statistics, gets maximal value and minimum value is respectively h _max, h _min, and calculate the distance s between maximal value and two points of minimum value, calculate according to formula below:

$a=\frac{h_{\max }-h_{\min }}{s}$

If a>0.5773, is judged as complex-terrain.

(2) taking unit grid as basis, if the area ratio of lake, the network of waterways exceedes 50% in this grid, be judged to be complex-terrain.

(3) taking unit grid as basis, if there are the landform such as river, forest land, mountain region in this grid simultaneously, judge that this grid is as complex-terrain.

The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, and these improvements and modifications are also regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. the transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS, it is characterized in that: according to the Origin And Destination of definite transmission line of electricity, and automatically generate transmission line of electricity path in conjunction with the GIS map in path design region, said method comprising the steps of:

1) be written into GIS map and input the Origin And Destination of transmission line of electricity;

2) adopt analytical hierarchy process to compose with weight the plot in grid map in conjunction with GIS information;

3) utilize dijkstra's algorithm to ask for the optimal path of transmission line of electricity, and carry out automatic generation circuit path, corner quantity and the statistics with existing crossing elimination situation;

4) site inspection is verified and is optimized line route in conjunction with the sheet of defending of Suo Jing region, path complex-terrain.

2. the transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: process taking weight is composed as first the factors that affects line route being classified in the described plot in grid map, and utilize analytical hierarchy process to calculate the weighing factor of each influence factor to path, then the GIS map in path domain is carried out to gridding processing, carry out being interconnected between cell by rule, and the spatial geographic information in each cell is quantized to extract, multiply each other with above-mentioned weighing factor, can obtain the weight in each cell representative plot, the comprehensive weight of last computing unit lattice, i.e. additional consideration line length, the impact of corner number on path, the comprehensive weight coefficient in forming unit lattice representative plot.

3. the transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described factors that affects line route comprises topography and geomorphology, scissors crossing, land used type and the large class influence factor of traffic condition lamp four, and topography and geomorphology influence factor comprises level land, lake, the network of waterways, mire, mountain area; Scissors crossing influence factor comprises highway, railway, power circuit, communication line; Land used type influence factor comprises the important areas such as residential block, industrial district, forest land and aviation, military affairs, scenic spot, heavy icing area; Influence factor traffic condition can be divided into a class road of standard highway above county level and two class roads of backroad.

4. the transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the deterministic process of Suo Jing region, described path complex-terrain is to utilize Rule of judgment to judge that, along the complex-terrain in transmission line of electricity path, described Rule of judgment is as follows:

(1) taking unit grid as basis, if be no more than 50% without the area of lake, the network of waterways in cell, and cell is interior without river, forest land, need to add up the central point of square net and the elevation on four summits, get its maximal value and minimum value, and calculate the distance between maximal value and two points of minimum value, calculate according to formula below:

$a=\frac{h_{\max }-h_{\min }}{s}$

If a>0.5773, is judged as complex-terrain, h in formula _max, h _minfor the central point of square net and maximal value and the minimum value on four summits, s is the distance between maximal value and two points of minimum value;

(2) taking unit grid as basis, if the area ratio of lake, the network of waterways exceedes 50% in this grid, be judged to be complex-terrain;

(3) taking unit grid as basis, if there are the landform such as river, forest land, mountain region in this grid simultaneously, judge that this grid is as complex-terrain.

5. according to the transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GIS described in claim 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that: the described process of utilizing dijkstra's algorithm to ask for transmission line of electricity optimal path comprises the following steps:

1) Origin And Destination in path is labeled as respectively to s and e;

2) path starting point s is made as to T node;

3) be " forever " by T vertex ticks, and upgrade the state recording that is communicated with node;

4) identification is communicated with s and the interim node of comprehensive weight minimum, is set to T node, until T node is terminal e, otherwise continues the state recording of renewal connection node;

5), according to the information in each node connected relation and state record table, start to record its preorder node from terminal e, until be recorded to starting point s;

6), according to the result that records of previous step, can form the initial path of starting point s to terminal e.