CN103970179B - A kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device and method - Google Patents
A kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103970179B CN103970179B CN201410200393.0A CN201410200393A CN103970179B CN 103970179 B CN103970179 B CN 103970179B CN 201410200393 A CN201410200393 A CN 201410200393A CN 103970179 B CN103970179 B CN 103970179B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device and method, this device includes: MTTP processor, it is connected with a small wind turbine and PWM controller, gather output and the angular velocity of small wind turbine, and the output and angular velocity according to adjacent three operating points gathered obtains respective area ratio and output difference, and then obtain disturbance step change amount and transmit to PWM controller；PWM controller, is connected with DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, by disturbance step change amount compared with preset PWM carrier signal, produces pwm control signal；DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, it is connected with load, for receiving pwm control signal, regulation output voltage and bearing power in real time, complete maximal power tracing, the present invention can improve the wind energy utilization of small wind turbine, accelerates to follow the tracks of the speed of small wind turbine peak power, improves the accuracy following the tracks of small wind turbine peak power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new energy field, particularly relate to a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device and
Method.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, the energy and environment become the vital issue faced by people.Wind energy is as with one
Plant clean reproducible energy, have good application prospect.Owing to wind energy has randomness, unstability and energy
The shortcomings such as metric density is low, create a lot of problem to the utilization of wind energy.Therefore, MPPT maximum power point tracking technology
(MPPT) research and development becomes particularly important.MPPT maximum power point tracking technology make system rapidly, accurate
More energy really is absorbed from the external world.At present, it is applied to wind-driven generator MPPT control technology mainly have
Optimum tip-speed ratio method, Feedback of Power method and disturbance observational method.
The basic thought of optimum tip-speed ratio (TSR) method is when wind speed changes, and adjusts generator speed in real time,
Maintain the tip speed ratio (optimum is generally by calculating or experiment acquisition) at optimum of wind energy conversion system, so exist
Under any wind speed, the utilization rate of wind energy is the most maximum, thus realizes maximal wind-power tracking.This kind of control algolithm good
Place is that control principle is simple, easily realizes.Shortcoming is to need to measure wind speed and wind energy conversion system rotating speed, in addition it is also necessary to pre-
First know the tip speed ratio curve that wind energy conversion system is intrinsic, owing to the most accurately measuring of wind speed is relatively difficult, this kind
Control algolithm easily causes the big ups and downs of wind energy conversion system output, applies less the most in practice.
The basic thought of Feedback of Power method (PSF) is to precalculate or test to obtain peak power point curve, works as wind
When speed changes, first detect the rotating speed of wind energy conversion system, then calculate now according to peak power curve
The output of blower fan, makes comparisons as reference power and with the blower fan capture actual power under current wind speed
Produce difference signal, thus carry out the closed loop control of power, it is achieved the tracking to maximum power point.The method
Advantage be to measure wind speed, and the output of wind energy conversion system will not fluctuate, and shortcoming is for different
Wind energy conversion system, needs emulation in advance or test to obtain the peak power curve of wind energy conversion system, increases Feedback of Power and control
Difficulty and actual application cost.
Disturbance observational method and solar power system method of perturbation basic simlarity: first less to wind wheel applying one
The fluctuation of speed, the then variable quantity of the output of detecting system, if variable quantity more than zero, then shows
Perturbation direction is correct；If variable quantity is less than zero, carry out disturbance the most in the opposite direction.The method is simple,
Need not measure wind speed, cost can be reduced very well, but at maximum power point, due to step-length,
Can produce fluctuation and step-length is too small, tracking velocity slows down, and step-length is crossed during conference causes maximal power tracing
The fluctuation of power.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency overcoming above-mentioned prior art to exist, one of present invention purpose is to provide a kind of small wind
Machine maximum power tracking device and method, it can improve the wind energy utilization of small wind turbine, accelerate to follow the tracks of
The speed of small wind turbine peak power, the accuracy of raising tracking small wind turbine peak power, thus
Fundamentally reduce the cost of small wind turbine electricity generation system, improve the utilization rate of wind energy.
For reaching above and other purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device, bag
Include:
MTTP processor, is connected with a small wind turbine and PWM controller, is used for gathering described little
The output P and angular velocity W of type wind energy conversion system, and according to the output work of adjacent three operating points gathered
Rate and angular velocity obtain respective area ratio and output difference, and then obtain disturbance step change amount and pass
Transport to described PWM controller；
PWM controller, is connected with DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, for by described disturbance step change amount
Compared with preset PWM carrier signal, produce pwm control signal；
DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, is connected with load, is used for receiving described pwm control signal, in real time
Regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing.
Further, described MTTP processor farther includes:
First area acquiring unit, is used for gathering the first operating point and the second operating point in adjacent three operating points
Output and angular velocity, obtain the first area；
Second area acquiring unit, is used for gathering the second operating point and the 3rd operating point in adjacent three operating points
Output and angular velocity, obtain second area；
Disturbance step change amount acquiring unit, respectively with described first area acquiring unit and described second
Long-pending acquiring unit connects, for obtaining described second area and the ratio of the first area and the difference of output,
And then obtain described disturbance step change amount.
Further, described disturbance step change amount is:
Δ D=a (Δ P/ | Δ P |) Δ SΔP/|ΔP|
Wherein Δ P=P3-P2, Δ S=S2/S1, P3, P2 are described 3rd operating point, the second operating point
Output, S2, S1 be respectively described second area, the first area, and disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient,
0<a<1。
Further, when operating point from maximum power point M farther out, described disturbance step change amount △ D is relatively big,
Comparing with described PWM carrier signal now by described disturbance step change amount △ D, output duty cycle is bigger
Pwm control signal, the most described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises very fast, operating point to
Maximum power point M quickly moves.
Further, when described disturbance step change amount △ D is less, operating point close to maximum power point M,
Comparing with described PWM carrier signal now by described disturbance step change amount △ D, output duty cycle is less
Pwm control signal, the most described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises relatively slow, operating point to
Maximum power point M slowly moves, the vibration of power during reduction tracking peak power.
Further, described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit uses by electric capacity, resistance, inductance, power electronics
The Boost circuit of switch composition, described Boost circuit receives described pwm control signal, if
Described pwm control signal is high level, and the most described electronic power switch turns on, if pwm control signal is
Low level, the most described electronic power switch disconnects, thus regulation output voltage and bearing power in real time, complete
Become maximal power tracing.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides for a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method, including
Following steps:
Step one, gathers the output P and angular velocity W of described small wind turbine；
Step 2, output and angular velocity according to adjacent three operating points gathered obtain respective area
Ratio and output difference, and then obtain disturbance step change amount；
Step 3, PWM controller by described disturbance step change amount compared with preset PWM carrier signal
Relatively, pwm control signal is produced；
Step 4, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit receives pwm control signal, in real time regulation output voltage with
And bearing power, complete maximal power tracing.
Further, the value of described disturbance step change amount is △ D=a*S2/S1, wherein, is adopted according to S1
The first area that first operating point of collection obtains with the output of the second operating point and angular velocity, according to S2
The second area that the second operating point gathered and the output of the 3rd operating point and angular velocity obtain, disturbance
Sensitivity a is constant coefficient.
Further, described pwm control signal changes with described disturbance step change amount △ D change.
Further, in step 4, when operating point from maximum power point M farther out, described disturbance step-length become
Change amount △ D is relatively big, compares with preset PWM carrier signal now by disturbance step change amount △ D, defeated
Going out the pwm control signal that dutycycle is bigger, the most described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises relatively
Hurry up, operating point is quickly moved to maximum power point M；When described disturbance step change amount △ D is less, work
Point is close to maximum power point M, now by described disturbance step change amount △ D and PWM carrier signal
Relatively, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is less, then DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage liter
Height is relatively slow, and operating point is slowly moved to maximum power point M；Until completing the tracking of maximum power point.
Compared with prior art, one small wind turbine maximum power tracking device of the present invention and method are according to little
The feature of the P-W output characteristic curve of type wind energy conversion system, uses the face of two tetragons of operated adjacent point composition
Long-pending ratio changes disturbance step change amount, by disturbance step change amount from optimizing, quickly realize small-sized
The tracking of wind energy conversion system maximum power point, improves the wind energy utilization of small wind turbine, accelerates tracking small-sized
The speed of wind energy conversion system peak power, improves the accuracy following the tracks of small wind turbine peak power, thus at root
Reduce the cost of small wind turbine electricity generation system in basis, improve the utilization rate of wind energy
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of the present invention a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device；
Fig. 2 is the output characteristic curve of small wind turbine P-W of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of steps of the present invention a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that the preferred embodiment of the present invention realizes maximal power tracing；
The system emulation circuit diagram of Fig. 5 present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific instantiation accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention, art technology
Personnel can be understood further advantage and effect of the present invention easily by content disclosed in the present specification.The present invention
Also can be implemented by other different instantiation or be applied, the every details in this specification also can base
In different viewpoints and application, under the spirit without departing substantially from the present invention, carry out various modification and change.
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of the present invention a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device.Such as Fig. 1 institute
Show, one small wind turbine maximum power tracking device of the present invention, including: MTTP processor 2, PWM
Controller 4 and DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6.Due to extraneous wind speed certain time, the P of small wind turbine
(output)-W (angular velocity) output characteristic curve is a single peak curve, only one of which maximum work
Rate point, therefore i.e. can be realized by disturbance step-length by the angular velocity of small wind turbine is carried out disturbance
The tracking of small wind turbine maximum power point.
Wherein, MTTP processor 2 respectively with small wind turbine 10 and PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation, pulse width modulation) controller 4 is connected, for gathering the output work of small wind turbine 10
Rate P and angular velocity W, and obtain phase according to the output of adjacent three operating points gathered and angular velocity
Answer area ratio and output difference, and then obtain disturbance step change amount and transmit to PWM controller 4.
Fig. 2 is the output characteristic curve of the present invention middle-size and small-size wind energy conversion system P-W.With reference to Fig. 2, if phase on curve
In adjacent three operating points, the coordinate of the first operating point A is (W1, P1), the coordinate of the second operating point B be (W2,
P2), the coordinate of the 3rd operating point C is (W3, P3), and wherein P is small wind turbine output, and W is
Small wind turbine angular velocity.Point A is projected as F on the W coordinate axle of described P-W output characteristic curve,
Point B is projected as E on the W coordinate axle of described P-W output characteristic curve, and C is defeated at described P-W for point
Go out and be projected as D on characteristic W coordinate axle.Then line segment AB, BE, EF, FA constitutes one
Approximation tetragon ABEF, its area S1=(P1+P2) * (W2-W1) * 0.5；Line segment BC, CD, DE
A tetragon BCDE, its area S2=(P2+P3) * (W3-W2) * 0.5 is constituted with EB.?
The left side of maximum power point M on small wind turbine P-W output characteristic curve, along with operating point is near maximum work
Rate point, the area ratio of S2 with S1 is continually changing；Operating point is left from small wind turbine maximum power point M
The position of Bian Yueyuan, the area ratio of S2 with S1 is the biggest, near maximum power point M, S2's Yu S1
Ratio is substantially equal to 1.On small wind turbine P-W output characteristic curve, the right of maximum power point M is just
Good contrary.Therefore, by the area ratio of S2 Yu S1, it may be determined that disturbance step change amount, thus right
The angular velocity of small wind turbine carries out disturbance to realize the tracking of small wind turbine maximum power point.
In Fig. 2, the disturbance step change amount of the 3rd operating point C is Δ D=a (Δ P/ | Δ P |) Δ SΔP/|ΔP|, wherein
Δ P=P3-P2, Δ S=S2/S1, disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient (0 < a < 1), can be by experiment
Obtain.When △ P > 0 and operating point from maximum power point M farther out time, area ratio S2/S1 is relatively big, can obtain C
The next sampling step length variable quantity of point: Δ D=aS2/S1 now disturbance step change amount △ D is relatively big, can be quick
Tracking maximum power point；When sampled point is close to maximum power point, S2/S1 ≈ 1, sensitivity a is less in disturbance,
Amount △ D is less for then disturbance step change, and when now following the tracks of, vibration is less, can reduce power during tracking
Loss.
As P3-P2=0, the disturbance step change amount sampled point of the 3rd operating point C on maximum power point M,
S2=0, then S2/S1=0, C point disturbance step change amount △ D=0, the now PWM of driving electric electrical switch
Signal dutyfactor is constant, and system output voltage is constant and is operated in peak power, and system is operated in peak power
At Dian.
As the disturbance step change amount Δ D=-aS1/S2 of △ P=P3-P2 < 0, the 3rd operating point C, work as sampling
Point from maximum power point M farther out time when sampled point time, when Area comparison is big, disturbance step change amount △ D is relatively
Greatly, now from opposite direction speed faster near maximum power point.In sum, according to the size of area ratio,
MTTP processor 2 produces the △ D of correspondingly sized forward or negative sense and transmits to described PWM controller 4,
Drive corresponding electronic power switch with this, complete maximal power tracing.
With continued reference to accompanying drawing 1, as preferred embodiment, MTTP processor 2 farther includes first
Area acquiring unit 21, second area acquiring unit 22 and disturbance step change amount acquiring unit 23.
First area acquiring unit 21 is used for gathering the first operating point and the second operating point in adjacent three operating points
Output and angular velocity, obtain the first area.With reference to Fig. 2, the first work in adjacent three operating points
The coordinate making some A is (W1, P1), and the coordinate of the second operating point B is (W2, P2), and described first area obtains
Take the first area S1=(P1+P2) * (W2-W1) * 0.5 that unit 21 obtains.
Second area acquiring unit 22 is used for gathering the second operating point and the 3rd operating point in adjacent three operating points
Output and angular velocity, obtain second area.With reference to Fig. 2, the second work in adjacent three operating points
The coordinate making some B is (W2, P2), and the coordinate of the 3rd operating point C is (W3, P3), and described second area obtains
Take second area S2=(P2+P3) * (W3-W2) * 0.5 that unit 22 obtains.
Disturbance step change amount acquiring unit 23 obtains with the first area acquiring unit 21 and second area respectively
Take unit 22 to connect, for obtaining second area and the ratio of the first area and the difference of output, and then
Obtain disturbance step change amount.Value with reference to the disturbance step change amount of Fig. 2, the 3rd operating point C is △
D=a*S2/S1, disturbance sensitivity a are constant coefficient (0 < a < 1).And the 3rd operating point C at maximum power point M
The left side, the 3rd operating point C and the second operating point B output difference be more than zero, therefore △ D take on the occasion of.
PWM controller 4 is connected with DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6, for by disturbance step change amount with
Preset PWM carrier signal compares, and produces pwm control signal.Wherein, PWM controller 4
Input information be MTTP processor 2 obtain disturbance step change amount △ D, △ D is converted into PWM
After controller 4 manageable data form, the PWM carrier signal preset with PWM controller 4 compares,
Produce and change pwm control signal export to DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6 with △ D change.
DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6 is connected with load 20, is used for receiving DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6
The pwm control signal of output, regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing in real time.
When operating point from maximum power point M farther out, disturbance step change amount △ D is relatively big, now by disturbance step-length
Variable quantity △ D and PWM carrier signal compares, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is bigger, then DC/DC
Transformation of electrical energy circuit 6 output voltage raises very fast, and operating point is quickly moved to maximum power point M；Work as disturbance
Amount △ D is less for step change, and operating point is close to maximum power point M, now by disturbance step change amount
△ D and PWM carrier signal compares, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is less, then DC/DC electricity
Can raise relatively slow by translation circuit 6 output voltage, operating point be slowly moved to maximum power point M, can reduce
The vibration of power during tracking peak power；Until completing the tracking of maximum power point.
As preferred embodiment, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6 use by electric capacity, resistance, inductance,
The Boost circuit of electronic power switch composition, described Boost circuit receives pwm control signal,
If pwm control signal is high level, then the electronic power switch conducting of Boost circuit；Work as operating point
From maximum power point M farther out, disturbance step change amount △ D is relatively big, now by △ D and PWM carrier wave
Signal compares, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is bigger, and PWM control signal duty cycle is the biggest, electricity
The time of power electrical switch conducting is the longest, then operating point is quickly moved to maximum power point M；PWM controls
Signal dutyfactor is the least, and the time of electronic power switch conducting is the shortest, then operating point is delayed to maximum power point M
Slow mobile.If pwm control signal is low level, the most described electronic power switch disconnects, thus regulates in real time
Output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing.
If the input voltage of Boost circuit is Uin, electric current is Iin；Input equivalent resistance is Req.Institute
The output voltage stating Boost circuit is U0, electric current is I0；Load resistance is R0.Before transformation of electrical energy
After, energy loss is the least, can ignore, then output voltage U0=(1/ (1-D)) * Uin；D is for driving
The dutycycle of dynamic electronic power switch；U0*I0=Uin*Iin=Uin2/Req=U02/R0, then Req=
Uin/Iin=(1-D) 2*R0.Rotating speed disturbance to small wind turbine is equivalent to Boost circuit
Input voltage carry out disturbance, therefore control input voltage by disturbance and control the PWM of change in duty cycle with this
Ripple, regulates dutycycle D in real time, makes input impedance mate with load impedance, completes maximum power point
Follow the tracks of；On the other hand Boost circuit plays and rises high-tension effect.
When pwm control signal is high level, electronic power switch turns on, and its place branch road is equivalent to one
Wire, induction charging, the voltage on electric capacity are powered to the load by the voltage of small wind turbine output.Work as PWM
When control signal is low level, electronic power switch place branch road disconnects, and inductance capacitance powers to the load jointly.
Output according to wind energy conversion system regulates the PWM control of the electronic power switch of input Boost circuit in real time
Signal processed, realizes the regulation of dutycycle D by the break-make of electronic power switch, so realize electric energy transmission,
The regulation of output voltage, the regulation of bearing power, auxiliary realizes maximal power tracing.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of steps of the present invention a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method.Such as Fig. 3 institute
Show that one small wind turbine maximum power tracking method of the present invention comprises the steps:
Step 301, gathers the output P and angular velocity W of small wind turbine, specifically, gathers little
The output of adjacent three operating points of type wind energy conversion system and angular velocity.
Step 302, output and angular velocity according to adjacent three operating points gathered obtain respective area
Ratio and output difference, and then obtain disturbance step change amount.
Specifically, the value of the disturbance step change amount of the 3rd operating point is △ D=a*S2/S1, and wherein, S1 is root
The first area obtained according to output and the angular velocity of the first operating point gathered with the second operating point, S2
According to obtain second of the output of the second operating point of being gathered and the 3rd operating point and angular velocity
Long-pending, disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient (0 < a < 1).Owing to, the 3rd operating point is on the maximum power point M left side,
3rd operating point and the second operating point output difference more than zero, therefore △ D take on the occasion of
Step 303, PWM controller by disturbance step change amount compared with preset PWM carrier signal,
Producing pwm control signal, this pwm control signal changes with disturbance step change amount △ D change.
Step 304, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit receives pwm control signal, in real time regulation output voltage with
And bearing power, complete maximal power tracing.
Specifically, when operating point from maximum power point M farther out, disturbance step change amount △ D is relatively big, now
Being compared with preset PWM carrier signal by disturbance step change amount △ D, output duty cycle is bigger
Pwm control signal, then DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises very fast, and operating point is to maximum work
Rate point M quickly moves；When disturbance step change amount △ D is less, operating point close to maximum power point M,
Compare now by △ D and PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is less, then
DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises relatively slow, and operating point is slowly moved to maximum power point M, can
With the vibration of power during reduction tracking peak power；Until completing the tracking of maximum power point.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that the preferred embodiment of the present invention realizes maximal power tracing.Refer to shown in Fig. 4,
Wherein, P, W are power and the angular velocity of small-sized wind power generator；P (K-1) is previous cycle Miniature wind
The output of power generator, P (K) is the output of current small-sized wind power generator；S (K-1) is ABEF
Area, S (K-2) is the area of BCDE；D (K-1) is current disturbance step-length, and △ D (K) is next week
The disturbance step-length of phase, △ Dt is a temporary variable；As △ P=P (K)-P (K-1) > 0, sampled point C can
Can be on the left side of maximum power point or the right, when on the left side, disturbance step change amount △ Dt=△ Dt, under
One disturbance step-length △ D (K)=D (K-1)+△ Dt, present operating point is close to maximum power point；Work as sampling
Before some C on the right of maximum power point, the most possible △ P=P (K)-P (K-1) > 0, in next disturbance
Under the effect of step-length D (K)=D (K-1)+△ Dt, by deviation maximum power point somewhat, work at present
Point is close to maximum power point, but quickly has △ P=P (K)-P (K-1) < 0.As △ P=P (K)-P (K-
1) < 0, present operating point on the maximum power point left side, △ Dt=△ Dt, disturbance step change amount △ Dt=-△
Dt, next disturbance step-length D (K+1)=D (K)+△ Dt, present operating point is close to maximum power point.
The output P (K) of current small-sized wind power generator is assigned to P (K-1), proceed maximum power point with
Track.
The present invention, according to the feature of the P-W output characteristic curve of small wind turbine, uses operated adjacent point to constitute
The area ratio of two tetragons change disturbance step change amount.The ratio of area with operating point from maximum work
The distance of rate point changes and changes, and disturbance step change amount then changes along with the change of area ratio；Work
Point from maximum power point farther out time, area ratio is relatively big, and disturbance step change amount is relatively big, now can be fast
Speed follows the tracks of maximum power point；Operating point near maximum power point, area ratio be almost 1 with disturbance sensitivity
Product almost nil, disturbance step change amount is substantially zeroed, does not the most vibrate at maximum power point, from
And can very well small wind turbine peak power be tracked.That is, constituted by operated adjacent point two
The self adaptation of the area ratio of individual tetragon realize disturbance step change amount from optimizing, quickly realize small-sized
The tracking of wind energy conversion system maximum power point.And when great changes will take place for external environment, as wind speed changes the most greatly,
Then the rotating speed of small wind turbine changes, and angular velocity changes therewith, the output power curve of small wind turbine
Can change accordingly；Now the ratio of area also can change therewith, thus device is by with new step
Length traces into new maximum power point faster.
Next system shown in Figure 5 artificial circuit figure is combined to further illustrate the Novel small-sized wind-force of the present invention
Machine maximum power tracking device.
Wherein, module 40 is Powergui module, and expression system is operated under contact status.Module 48 is
Load blocks.
Module 41 includes small wind turbine model and the wind speed (wind speed), small-sized of input small wind turbine
Wind energy conversion system angular velocity (generator speed), propeller pitch angle (Pitch Angle), small wind turbine radius R；Mould
Block 41 is output as small wind turbine torque Tm, power coefficient Cp and small wind turbine mechanical output
Pm。
Module 42 is permanent magnet direct-driven synchronous generator, and it is directly connected with small wind turbine, Miniature wind
Power machine provides the changes mechanical energy of torque Tm output to be electric energy and export three-phase alternating current A, B, C.
Module 43 is the uncontrollable commutator of three-phase, for intersecting the three of the output of permanent magnet direct-driven synchronous generator
Stream electricity is converted into unidirectional current, prevents the effect of energy back simultaneously.
The control part of the Novel small-sized wind energy conversion system maximum power tracking device of module 44 present invention, including MPPT
Module and PWM module.MPPT module gathers the output P and angular velocity W of wind energy conversion system, calculates
Area S1=(P1+P2) * (W2-W1) * 0.5, S2=(P2+P3) * (W3-W2) * 0.5；Acquisition is disturbed
Dynamic step change amount △ D；MPPT module is positive and negative according to △ P=P3-P2's, produce positive and negative, vary in size
△D.PWM module input is that △ D, △ D is by changing the PWM carrier signal built-in with PWM module
Relatively, producing and change pwm control signal with △ D change, pwm control signal directly controls Boost
The electronic power switch of booster circuit, completes peak power by the break-make of regulation electronic power switch in real time
Tracking.
The DC/DC transformation of electrical energy electricity of the Novel small-sized wind energy conversion system maximum power tracking device of module 45 present invention
Road part, uses by electric capacity C1, inductance L1, resistance R1, electronic power switch IGBT and diode
The Boost circuit of D1, filter capacitor C0 composition.When pwm control signal is high level, electric power
Electrical switch IGBT turns on, and place branch road is equivalent to a wire, and the voltage of small wind turbine output is to inductance
L1 charges, and the voltage on electric capacity C1 powers to the load.When pwm control signal is low level, electric power electricity
Son switch IGBT place branch road disconnects, and L1, C1 power to the load jointly.Leading to by electronic power switch
Break and realize the transmission of electric energy, the regulation of output voltage, the regulation of bearing power.
Module 461-464 is respectively voltmeter VM1, VM2, ammeter CM1, CM2, measures respectively also
The voltage of output place branch road, electric current.Module 471-472 is oscillograph, is mainly used in observing simulation result.
Wherein, module 471 is for measuring the machine torque Tm of small wind turbine, power coefficient Cp and machine
Tool power P m；Module 472 is used for measuring Boost circuit input power and load output electric current, voltage.
The relation that the output voltage of permanent magnet direct-driven electromotor is directly proportional to its input speed, the output of electromotor
The rectified rear output voltage of voltage also relation approximately in proportion with input voltage；So the uncontrollable commutator of three-phase
The input speed relation approximately in proportion of output voltage and permanent magnet direct-driven electromotor；To small wind turbine
Rotating speed disturbance is equivalent to the output voltage of commutator uncontrollable to three-phase and carries out disturbance；This voltage is Boost
The input voltage of booster circuit, therefore controls input voltage by disturbance and controls what dutycycle can change with this
PWM ripple, regulates dutycycle D in real time, makes input impedance mate with load impedance, completes peak power
The tracking of point.
By emulation it can be seen that from maximum power point farther out time, operated adjacent point constitute two four limits
The area difference of shape is relatively big, and disturbance step change amount is relatively big, now can quickly follow the tracks of maximum power point；?
When distance maximum power point is nearer, the area difference of two tetragons that operated adjacent point is constituted is less, disturbance
Step change amount is less, carries out disturbance with small step length, it is possible to reduce the vibration of power during power tracking；
Near maximum power point, the difference in areas of two tetragons that operated adjacent point is constituted is more almost nil, disturbance
Step change amount is substantially zeroed, does not the most vibrate at maximum power point, such that it is able to very well to small wind
Machine peak power is tracked.
The principle of above-described embodiment only illustrative present invention and effect thereof, not for limiting the present invention.
Above-described embodiment all can be carried out by any those skilled in the art under the spirit and the scope of the present invention
Modify and change.Therefore, the scope of the present invention, should be as listed by claims.
Claims (7)
1. a small wind turbine maximum power tracking device, including:
MTTP processor, is connected with a small wind turbine and PWM controller, is used for gathering described small-sized
The output P and angular velocity W of wind energy conversion system, and according to the output of adjacent three operating points gathered
And angular velocity obtains respective area ratio and output difference, and then obtain disturbance step change amount and transmit
To described PWM controller；Described MTTP processor farther includes:
First area acquiring unit, is used for gathering the first operating point and the second operating point in adjacent three operating points
Output and angular velocity, obtain the first area；
Second area acquiring unit, is used for gathering the second operating point and the 3rd operating point in adjacent three operating points
Output and angular velocity, obtain second area；
Disturbance step change amount acquiring unit, respectively with described first area acquiring unit and described second
Long-pending acquiring unit connects, for obtaining described second area and the ratio of the first area and the difference of output,
And then obtain described disturbance step change amount；Described disturbance step change amount is:
Δ D=a (Δ P/ | Δ P |) Δ SΔP/|ΔP|
Wherein Δ P=P3-P2, Δ S=S2/S1, P3, P2 be the 3rd operating point, the second operating point defeated
Going out power, S2, S1 are respectively second area, the first area, and disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient, and 0 < a < 1；
PWM controller, is connected with DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, for by described disturbance step change amount
Compared with preset PWM carrier signal, produce pwm control signal；
DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, is connected with load, is used for receiving described pwm control signal, in real time
Regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing.
2. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
When operating point from maximum power point M farther out, described disturbance step change amount △ D is relatively big, now by described
Disturbance step change amount △ D compares with described PWM carrier signal, and the PWM that output duty cycle is bigger controls
Signal, the most described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises very fast, and operating point is to maximum power point M
The most mobile.
3. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
When described disturbance step change amount △ D is less, and operating point is close to maximum power point M, now by described
Disturbance step change amount △ D compares with described PWM carrier signal, and the PWM that output duty cycle is less controls
Signal, the most described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises relatively slow, and operating point is to maximum power point M
The most mobile, the vibration of power during reduction tracking peak power.
4. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
Described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit uses the Boost being made up of electric capacity, resistance, inductance, electronic power switch
Booster circuit, described Boost circuit receives described pwm control signal, if described PWM controls letter
Number being high level, the most described electronic power switch turns on, if pwm control signal is low level, and the most described electricity
Power electrical switch disconnects, thus regulation output voltage and bearing power in real time, complete maximal power tracing.
5. a small wind turbine maximum power tracking method, comprises the steps:
Step one, gathers the output P and angular velocity W of described small wind turbine；
Step 2, output and angular velocity according to adjacent three operating points gathered obtain respective area
Ratio and output difference, and then obtain disturbance step change amount；Described disturbance step change amount is:
Δ D=a (Δ P/ | Δ P |) Δ SΔP/|ΔP|
Wherein Δ P=P3-P2, Δ S=S2/S1, P3, P2 be the 3rd operating point, the second operating point defeated
Going out power, S2, S1 are respectively second area, the first area, and disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient, and 0 < a < 1；
Step 3, PWM controller by described disturbance step change amount compared with preset PWM carrier signal
Relatively, pwm control signal is produced；
Step 4, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit receives pwm control signal, in real time regulation output voltage with
And bearing power, complete maximal power tracing.
6. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:
Described pwm control signal changes with described disturbance step change amount △ D change.
7. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that:
In step 4, when operating point from maximum power point M farther out, described disturbance step change amount △ D is relatively big,
Comparing with preset PWM carrier signal now by disturbance step change amount △ D, output duty cycle is bigger
Pwm control signal, the most described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises very fast, and operating point is to
High-power some M quickly moves；When described disturbance step change amount △ D is less, and operating point is from maximum power point
M is relatively near, compares now by described disturbance step change amount △ D and PWM carrier signal, exports duty
Smaller pwm control signal, then DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises relatively slow, operating point
Slowly move to maximum power point M；Until completing the tracking of maximum power point.
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| CN105186667A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-23 | 上海大学 | DSP-based solar photovoltaic charging pile MPPT control method |
| CN106527569A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-22 | 盐城工学院 | Variable step size maximum power tracking control method of photovoltaic array without complex operation |
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