CN104898758A - Photovoltaic array maximum power tracing apparatus and method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic array maximum power tracing apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104898758A CN104898758A CN201510171093.9A CN201510171093A CN104898758A CN 104898758 A CN104898758 A CN 104898758A CN 201510171093 A CN201510171093 A CN 201510171093A CN 104898758 A CN104898758 A CN 104898758A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic array maximum power tracing apparatus at least comprising a central processing unit, a pulse width modulation processor and an electrical energy conversion circuit. The central processing unit is respectively connected with a photovoltaic array and the pulse width modulation processor to collect output voltage and output currents of the photovoltaic array; and disturbance step length variable quantity can be acquired according to the output voltage and the output currents of a work point and then transmitted to the pulse width modulation processor. By the use of the photovoltaic array maximum power tracing apparatus and method, photovoltaic array utilization rate can be improved, photovoltaic battery maximum power tracing speed can be increased, power oscillation during maximum power point tracing can be reduced and solar energy utilization rate can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new energy field, particularly a kind of photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device and method.
Background technology
Along with the consumption of the energy, regenerative resource receives increasing concern.In numerous regenerative resources, luminous energy is pollution-free with it, the amount of containing is subject to greatly and more and more people's favor.But photovoltaic array output power with external environment condition and load change and change, generally utilization factor is not high, needs the utilization factor following the tracks of to improve photovoltaic array to its peak power.Conventional photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method has open-loop method and closed-loop policy at present.
Open-loop method mainly contains open-circuit voltage method and short-circuit current method.Open-circuit voltage method or short-circuit current method utilize open-circuit voltage or short-circuit current and maximum power point voltage or maximum power point electric current to be approximated to proportionate relationship, carry out maximal power tracing.This class methods tracking velocity is fast, but has stronger dependence to the output characteristics of photovoltaic array, the tracking that can only be similar to, and efficiency is not high; And there is instantaneous power loss when opening a way, measurement parameter more complicated during short circuit.
Closed-loop policy thankss for your hospitality dynamic observation and conductance increment method, this kind of algorithm utilizes under the condition of normal illumination, the single peak function of the output P-U family curve of photovoltaic cell to be one with maximum power point be extreme point, at maximum power point, there is dP/dU=0 at place, by meeting dP/dU=0 from optimizing.But when external environment generation great change, or when photovoltaic cell is at least partially obscured, said method may produce vibration or erroneous judgement, therefore well can not complete the tracking of peak power.
Therefore, need to propose a kind of new photovoltaic array maximal power tracing technology, to improve the utilization factor of photovoltaic array, accelerate the speed of following the tracks of maximum power of photovoltaic cell, reduce and following the tracks of the oscillation of power in peak power point process, improve the utilization factor of sun power.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device and method, the utilization factor of photovoltaic array can be improved, accelerate the speed of following the tracks of maximum power of photovoltaic cell, reduce and following the tracks of the oscillation of power in peak power point process, improve the utilization factor of sun power.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device, it at least comprises CPU (central processing unit), pulse-length modulation processor and transformation of electrical energy circuit, wherein: described CPU (central processing unit) is connected with photovoltaic array and described pulse-length modulation processor respectively, for gathering output voltage and the output current of described photovoltaic array, and obtain disturbance step change amount according to the output voltage of gathered working point and output current and transfer to described pulse-length modulation processor.
Preferably, described CPU (central processing unit) gathers output voltage and the output current of adjacent three working points, then the area of two quadrilaterals that voltage coordinate axle is formed in adjacent three working points and power-voltage characteristic curve can be obtained according to output voltage and output power, and the output power difference of last sampled point and last sampled point, subsequently according to area, the corresponding output power difference of two quadrilaterals, adopt self-adaptation difference in areas method can obtain disturbance step change amount.
Preferably, in described adjacent three working points, the coordinate of the first working point A is (U1, P1), the coordinate of the second working point B is (U2, P2), the coordinate of the 3rd working point C is (U3, P3), wherein U is the output voltage of described photovoltaic array, P is the output power of described photovoltaic array, described first working point A is projected as F on the voltage coordinate axle of described power-voltage characteristic curve, described second working point B is projected as E on the voltage coordinate axle of described power-voltage characteristic curve, 3rd working point C is projected as D on the voltage coordinate axle of described power-voltage characteristic curve, then line segment AB, BE, EF, FA constitutes a quadrilateral ABEF, its area is: S1=(P1+P2) * (U2-U1) * 0.5, line segment BC, CD, DE and EB constitute a quadrilateral BCDE, and its area is: S2=(P2+P3) * (U3-U2) * 0.5, by the area difference of S1 and S2 and the 3rd working point C and the second working point B output power difference, and then determine disturbance step change amount.
The present invention also provides a kind of photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method, it gathers output voltage of photovoltaic array and output current by CPU (central processing unit), and obtains disturbance step change amount according to the output voltage of gathered working point and output current and transfer to pulse-length modulation processor
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail, to make characteristic of the present invention and advantage more obvious.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the photovoltaic array P-U output characteristic curve schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the system emulation circuit diagram of the photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below will provide detailed description to embodiments of the invention.Although the present invention will carry out setting forth and illustrating in conjunction with some embodiments, it should be noted that the present invention is not merely confined to these embodiments.On the contrary, the amendment carry out the present invention or equivalent replacement, all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
In addition, in order to better the present invention is described, in embodiment hereafter, give numerous details.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that do not have these details, the present invention can implement equally.In other example, known structure, assembly and equipment are not described in detail, so that highlight purport of the present invention.
Figure 1 shows that the block diagram of the photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device of one embodiment of the invention.In the present embodiment, described photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device, comprise central authorities process (Central Processing Unit, be called for short CPU) unit 10, pulse-length modulation (Pulse Width Modulation is called for short PWM) processor 12 and transformation of electrical energy circuit 14.
Under the condition of normal illumination, the P-U output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array 2 is a single peak curve, only has a maximum power point; Therefore by carrying out disturbance to the output voltage of photovoltaic array 2, the tracking of photovoltaic array 2 maximum power point can namely be realized by disturbance step-length.Described CPU element 10 is connected with photovoltaic array 2 and PWM processor 12 respectively, for gathering output voltage U and the output current I of photovoltaic array 2, and obtain disturbance step change amount according to the output voltage of gathered adjacent three working points and output current and transfer to described PWM processor 12.Described CPU element 10 can obtain the output power of relevant work point according to the output voltage of gathered working point and output current; The area of two quadrilaterals that adjacent three working points and U coordinate axis are formed can be obtained according to output voltage and output power, and the output power difference of last sampled point and last sampled point; According to area, the corresponding output power difference of two quadrilaterals, adopt self-adaptation difference in areas method can obtain disturbance step change amount.
Figure 2 shows that the P-U output characteristic curve schematic diagram of the photovoltaic array 2 of one embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, the coordinate supposing the first working point A in adjacent three working points on this curve is (U1, P1), the coordinate of the second working point B is (U2, P2), the coordinate of the 3rd working point C is (U3, P3), wherein U is the output voltage of photovoltaic array 2, and P is the output power of photovoltaic array 2.Point A is projected as F in the U coordinate axis of described P-U output characteristic curve, and some B is projected as E in U coordinate axis, and some C is projected as D in U coordinate axis.Line segment AB, BE, EF, FA constitute a quadrilateral ABEF, and its area is:
S1＝(P1+P2)*(U2－U1)*0.5；
Line segment BC, CD, DE and EB constitute a quadrilateral BCDE, and its area is:
S2＝(P2+P3)*(U3－U2)*0.5。
The left side of maximum power point M on the P-U output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array 2, along with working point is near maximum power point, the area difference of S1 and S2 constantly changes; Working point the maximum power point M left side from photovoltaic array 2 more away from position, the area difference of S1 and S2 is larger, and along with working point is close to maximum power point M, the area difference of S1 and S2 reduces gradually.On the P-U output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array 2, the right of maximum power point M is just in time contrary.Therefore, by the area difference of S1 and S2 and the 3rd working point C and the second working point B output power difference, disturbance step change amount can be determined, thus disturbance is carried out to realize the tracking of the maximum power point of photovoltaic array 2 to the output voltage of photovoltaic array 2.The value of the disturbance step change amount of the 3rd working point C is △ D=K* (S2-S1), and disturbance sensitivity K is constant coefficient (0<K<1), can obtain by experiment.And the 3rd working point C is on the maximum power point M left side, the 3rd working point C and the second working point B output power difference are greater than zero, thus △ D get on the occasion of.When working point is away from maximum power point M, difference in areas S2-S1 is comparatively large, and now disturbance step change amount △ D is comparatively large, can follow the tracks of maximum power point rapidly; When working point is close to maximum power point M, difference in areas S2-S1 is less, and now disturbance step change amount △ D is less, can reduce the vibration following the tracks of power in peak power process; When near maximum power point M, difference in areas S2-S1 is almost nil, and disturbance step change amount △ D is almost nil, thus can realize the tracking of maximum power point, essentially eliminates oscillatory occurences, reduces power loss.On the left of maximum power point M, △ P=P3-P2>0, according to the size of S2-S1, described CPU element 10 produces corresponding size and the △ D of forward transfer to described PWM processor 12; On the right side of maximum power point M, △ P=P3-P2<0, according to the size of S2-S1, described CPU element 10 produces corresponding size and the △ D of negative sense transfer to described PWM processor 12.
Figure 3 shows that the process flow diagram of the photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method of one embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, U, I are output voltage and the output current of photovoltaic array; P (K-1) is the output power of previous periodic light photovoltaic array, the output power that P (K) is current photovoltaic array; S1 is the area of ABEF, and S2 is the area of BCDE; D (K) is current disturbance step-length, the disturbance step-length that D (K+1) is next cycle, and △ Dt is a temporary variable; U (K) is current output voltage, and Umax is the output voltage of maximum power point.As △ P=P (K)-P (K-1) >0, if U (K) <Umax, then present operating point is on the maximum power point left side, △ Dt=△ Dt, next disturbance step-length D (K+1)=D (K)+△ Dt, present operating point is close to maximum power point; If U (K) >Umax, then present operating point is on the right of maximum power point, △ Dt=-△ Dt, and next disturbance step-length D (K+1)=D (K)+△ Dt, present operating point is close to maximum power point.As △ P=P (K)-P (K-1) <0, if UK) <Umax, then present operating point is on the maximum power point left side, △ Dt=△ Dt, next disturbance step-length D (K+1)=D (K)+△ Dt, present operating point is close to maximum power point; If U (K) >Umax, then present operating point is on the right of maximum power point, △ Dt=-△ Dt, and next disturbance step-length D (K+1)=D (K)+△ Dt, present operating point is close to maximum power point.By output power P (K) assignment of current photovoltaic array to P (K-1), proceed MPPT maximum power point tracking.
Figure 4 shows that the system emulation circuit diagram of the photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device of one embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, photovoltaic array module (photovoltaic cells) input temp and illumination, wherein, temperature is simulated by step response generation module (step1), and illumination is simulated by signal generator module (signal builder).The photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device of the present embodiment comprises MPPT maximum power point tracking module (Maximum Power Point Tracking further, be called for short MPPT module), the output voltage of MPPT module acquires photovoltaic array 2 and output current signal, calculate disturbance step-length, thus generation pwm control signal, control the electronic power switch (MOSFET) of boosting (Boost) circuit, wherein, booster circuit comprises electric capacity C1 further, electric capacity C2, inductance L, resistance R, electronic power switch Mosfet, diode Diode, CCCS CCS, voltage table VM1, voltage table VM3, reometer CM1, reometer CM2.Maximal power tracing is completed by regulating the break-make of electronic power switch MOSFET in real time.Clock module (Clock) is for display system input time.Oscilloscope module (Scope1) is for Output simulation result.
Embodiment and accompanying drawing are only the conventional embodiment of the present invention above.Obviously, various supplement, amendment and replacement can be had under the prerequisite not departing from the present invention's spirit that claims define and invention scope.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can change in form, structure, layout, ratio, material, element, assembly and other side under the prerequisite not deviating from invention criterion according to concrete environment and job requirement in actual applications to some extent.Therefore, be only illustrative rather than definitive thereof in the embodiment of this disclosure, the scope of the present invention is defined by appended claim and legal equivalents thereof, and is not limited thereto front description.
Claims (10)
1. a photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device, is characterized in that, described photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device at least comprises CPU (central processing unit), pulse-length modulation processor and transformation of electrical energy circuit, wherein:
Described CPU (central processing unit) is connected with photovoltaic array and described pulse-length modulation processor respectively, for gathering output voltage and the output current of described photovoltaic array, and obtain disturbance step change amount according to the output voltage of gathered working point and output current and transfer to described pulse-length modulation processor.
2. photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described CPU (central processing unit) gathers output voltage and the output current of adjacent three working points, then the area of two quadrilaterals that voltage coordinate axle is formed in adjacent three working points and power-voltage characteristic curve can be obtained according to output voltage and output power, and the output power difference of last sampled point and last sampled point, subsequently according to the area of two quadrilaterals, corresponding output power difference, adopt self-adaptation difference in areas method can obtain disturbance step change amount.
3. photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described adjacent three working points, the coordinate of the first working point A is (U1, P1), the coordinate of the second working point B is (U2, P2), the coordinate of the 3rd working point C is (U3, P3), wherein U is the output voltage of described photovoltaic array, P is the output power of described photovoltaic array, described first working point A is projected as F on the voltage coordinate axle of described power-voltage characteristic curve, described second working point B is projected as E on the voltage coordinate axle of described power-voltage characteristic curve, 3rd working point C is projected as D on the voltage coordinate axle of described power-voltage characteristic curve,
Then line segment AB, BE, EF, FA constitutes a quadrilateral ABEF, and its area is:
S1＝(P1+P2)*(U2－U1)*0.5；
Line segment BC, CD, DE and EB constitute a quadrilateral BCDE, and its area is:
S2＝(P2+P3)*(U3－U2)*0.5；
By the area difference of S1 and S2 and the 3rd working point C and the second working point B output power difference, and then determine disturbance step change amount.
4. photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the value of the disturbance step change amount of described 3rd working point C is △ D=K* (S2-S1), wherein, disturbance sensitivity K is the constant coefficient (0<K<1) obtained by experiment.
5. photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device comprises MPPT maximum power point tracking module further, the output voltage of photovoltaic array described in described MPPT maximum power point tracking module acquires and output current signal, calculate disturbance step-length, thus generation pwm control signal, control the electronic power switch of booster circuit.
6. a photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method, it is characterized in that, described photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method gathers the output voltage of photovoltaic array and output current by CPU (central processing unit), and obtains disturbance step change amount according to the output voltage of gathered working point and output current and transfer to pulse-length modulation processor.
7. photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described CPU (central processing unit) gathers output voltage and the output current of adjacent three working points, then the area of two quadrilaterals that voltage coordinate axle is formed in adjacent three working points and power-voltage characteristic curve can be obtained according to output voltage and output power, and the output power difference of last sampled point and last sampled point, subsequently according to the area of two quadrilaterals, corresponding output power difference, adopt self-adaptation difference in areas method can obtain disturbance step change amount.
8. photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described adjacent three working points, the coordinate of the first working point A is (U1, P1), the coordinate of the second working point B is (U2, P2), the coordinate of the 3rd working point C is (U3, P3), wherein U is the output voltage of described photovoltaic array, P is the output power of described photovoltaic array, described first working point A is projected as F on the voltage coordinate axle of described power-voltage characteristic curve, described second working point B is projected as E on the voltage coordinate axle of described power-voltage characteristic curve, 3rd working point C is projected as D on the voltage coordinate axle of described power-voltage characteristic curve,
Then line segment AB, BE, EF, FA constitutes a quadrilateral ABEF, and its area is:
S1＝(P1+P2)*(U2－U1)*0.5；
Line segment BC, CD, DE and EB constitute a quadrilateral BCDE, and its area is:
S2＝(P2+P3)*(U3－U2)*0.5；
By the area difference of S1 and S2 and the 3rd working point C and the second working point B output power difference, and then determine disturbance step change amount.
9. photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the value of the disturbance step change amount of described 3rd working point C is △ D=K* (S2-S1), wherein, disturbance sensitivity K is the constant coefficient (0<K<1) obtained by experiment.
10. photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, output voltage and the output current signal of described photovoltaic array is gathered by MPPT maximum power point tracking module, calculate disturbance step-length, thus generation pwm control signal, control the electronic power switch of booster circuit.
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Application publication date: 20150909 |