CN103969841A - All optical fiber high-speed polarization controlling system and method - Google Patents
All optical fiber high-speed polarization controlling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103969841A CN103969841A CN201310035337.1A CN201310035337A CN103969841A CN 103969841 A CN103969841 A CN 103969841A CN 201310035337 A CN201310035337 A CN 201310035337A CN 103969841 A CN103969841 A CN 103969841A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an all optical fiber high-speed polarization controlling system and method. The system comprises a pulse laser, a polarization controller, a circulator, a polarization light beam dividing device and an electro-optic phase modulator. The pulse laser is used for producing a laser pulse in a constant polarization state. The polarization controller is used for converting the laser pulse produced by the pulse laser into the laser pulse in the 45-degree polarization direction. The circulator is used for inputting the laser pulse in the 45-degree polarization direction and outputting the synthetic polarized light. The polarization light beam dividing device is used for dividing the 45-degree polarized light passing through the circulator into two beams of laser pulse lambda 1 and lambda 2, the strength of the laser pulse lambda 1 is equal to that of the laser pulse lambda 2, and the polarization direction of the laser pulse lambda 1 and the polarization direction of the laser pulse lambda 2 are orthogonal. A bi-directional Sagnac ring structure is established through the polarization light beam dividing device, the laser pulse lambda 1 and the laser pulse lambda 2 are overlapped at the polarization light dividing device position after passing through the light paths with the opposite transmission directions but the same distance, and light with a specific polarization state is output. The electro-optic phase modulator is used for carrying out phase modulation on either the laser pulse lambda 1 or the laser pulse lambda 2, the phase difference between the laser pulse lambda 1 and the laser pulse lambda 2 is controlled, and then the polarization state of light is controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of Polarization Control, be particularly related to a kind of full optical fiber high speed Polarization Control scheme based on two-way Sagnac ring working method, can high precision, high stability, realize at high speed the control to light field polarization direction, be specifically related to a kind of full optical fiber high speed polarization control system and method.
Background technology
Quantum secret communication is one of focus of current international research as an emerging field, and communicating pair is carried in a true random number bit sequence on a string single photon, and throughput subchannel is finally set up identical key, thereby realizes quantum key distribution.Common experimental system is divided into two kinds of phase encoding and polarization encoders, and no matter adopts which kind of encoding scheme, accurately controls polarization state direct relation and stability and the bit error rate of system.In the quantum secret communication system of free space, existing electro-optic phase modulator very at a high speed can be used to realize Polarization Control.The people such as 1992Bennett, in the quantum secret communication demo system of free space, just utilize Pockels' cell to realize the random output of four kinds of polarization states of light.But in comparatively ripe full fiber optic quantum key distribution system, conventionally adopt optical fiber polarization controller to realize adjusting and the correction to polarization state.And traditional optical fiber polarization controller part is a kind of passive device, by the extruding of optical fiber being controlled to output polarisation of light direction.This mechanical control method is only for the adjusting of general static polarization state, conventionally can be used in the full fiber optic quantum key distribution system of phase encoding, but for the full fiber optic quantum key distribution system of polarization encoder, need photon polarization state to carry out modulation at a high speed, this mechanical passive fiber Polarization Controller is difficult to reach accurately with efficiently and controls.In fact, the research of Polarization Control is almost to start with the appearance of single-mode fiber simultaneously; Along with developing rapidly of optical fiber communication, polarization control technology is constantly being upgraded always.1979, first Johnson proposed the optical-fiber type Polarization Controller based on electromagnetism extruding. after this in succession there are the various Polarization Controllers such as electro-optic crystal type, Faraday rotation type and delayed coupling type.Aarts in 1989 and Khoe have developed a kind of novel Investigation on Endless Polarization Controller, have solved the reset issues of Polarization Control, lay a good foundation for it is practical.Hirabayashi in 2002 and Amano have succeeded in developing the liquid crystal polarized controller of low pressure.Yoshino in 2003 etc. have proposed the fine Polarization Controller of high speed full optical.The people such as Fan Fei in 2011 have proposed the adjustable polarization control device of multi-function magnetic photonic crystal Terahertz.However,, for the quantum key distribution system of polarization encoder, still need at a high speed Polarization Controller accurately to realize efficient information loading.So at a high speed, accurately,, Polarization Controller remains the main direction of studying of Polarization Control cheaply.In quantum key distribution experimental system, for the information obtaining at a high speed loads, conventionally adopt multi-station laser to produce various polarized lights and then the method for utilizing polarization beam apparatus that the optically-coupled of these different polarization states is entered in same channel substitutes Polarization Controller.Although the method has solved the accurate and efficient problem of Polarization Control.But its disadvantage is that to realize cost very large, and control system is very complicated, and the degree of accuracy to control circuit and synchronism require height very.
Therefore, still do not have at present one simple in structure, with low cost, stability is high can solve the scheme that in optical fiber, polarization at a high speed, is accurately controlled.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for overcoming the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of full optical fiber high speed polarization control system and method.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of full optical fiber high speed polarization control system, it is characterized in that, described system comprises:
Pulsed laser, for generation of the laser pulse of a constant polarization state;
Polarization Controller, transfers the polarization direction of 45 ° to for the laser pulse that pulsed laser is produced;
Polarization spectro bundle device, for being divided into the laser pulse of 45 ° of polarization directions orthogonal laser pulse Λ 1 and the Λ 2 in polarization direction that two beam intensities are equal; And utilize polarization beam apparatus and phase-modulator to build a two-way Sagnac ring structure, after described laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2 are the contrary and equivalent optical path transmission in the direction of propagation along described two-way Sagnac ring, there is the light of a certain special polarization state of stack output at polarization beam apparatus place;
Wherein, described Polarization Controller is connected by a circulator with polarization beam apparatus.
Above-mentioned Polarization Controller adopts PC device.
Above-mentioned electro-optic phase modulator works in single line polarization state, and the input and output mouth of this device is all used polarization maintaining optical fibre.
Also provide a kind of full optical fiber high speed polarization control method based on said system the present invention, described method comprises:
Step 101) produced the laser pulse of a constant polarization state by pulsed laser, described constant polarization state is 45 ° of linearly polarized lights;
Step 102) utilize polarization beam apparatus that laser pulse is divided into orthogonal laser pulse Λ 1 and the Λ 2 in polarization direction that two beam intensities are equal;
Step 103) laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2 are transferred to polarization beam apparatus through Sagnac ring, and by phase-modulator, laser pulse Λ 1 or Λ 2 are carried out to phase-modulation in transmitting procedure;
Step 104) transfer to the light that the laser pulse Λ 1 of polarization beam apparatus and Λ 2 can stack produce and exported a certain special polarization state;
Wherein, described Sagnac ring utilizes polarization beam apparatus and phase-modulator to build.
Above-mentioned steps 104) also comprise afterwards:
Step 105) thus the phase differential between two bundle laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2 changed by the modulation of electro-optic phase modulator, and then change the output polarisation of light state after stack.
A kind of full optical fiber high speed Polarization Control scheme based on two-way Sagnac ring working method that the present invention proposes, can directly export at a port light of various polarization states, without carrying out subsequent coupling operation again.Have simple in structurely, with low cost, control accuracy is high, and control rate is fast, stability high, and owing to having adopted electric control in this programme, the various drawbacks of having avoided mechanical control to bring.
The full optical fiber high speed of the present invention Polarization Control scheme, it is characterized in that being produced by pulsed laser the laser pulse of a constant polarization state (45 ° of linearly polarized lights), utilize polarization beam apparatus to be divided into polarization direction that two beam intensities are equal orthogonal laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2. and utilize polarization beam apparatus and phase-modulator is built a two-way Sagnac ring structure, after described laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2 are the contrary and equivalent optical path transmission in the direction of propagation along described two-way Sagnac ring, there is the light of a certain special polarization state of stack output at polarization beam apparatus place.In this process, phase-modulator can carry out phase-modulation to laser pulse Λ 1 or Λ 2.The polarisation of light state generating after the stack of polarization beam apparatus place two-beam depends on the phase differential of two-beam Λ 1 and Λ 2, the i.e. phase modulation of phase-modulator.If phase-modulator loads respectively 0, when pi/2, π and this four kinds of corresponding voltages of phase place of 3 pi/2s, can produce respectively 45 ° of linearly polarized lights, right-circularly polarized light, 135 ° of linearly polarized lights and left circularly polarized light.These four kinds of polarization states polarization state that required high speed produces in the BB84 of quantum key distribution agreement just, they are the polarized lights that belong to respectively two groups of conjugated radicles.
The invention has the advantages that, a kind of full optical fiber high speed Polarization Control scheme based on two-way Sagnac ring working method of the present invention, can accurately realize at high speed the control to polarization state, owing to having adopted the structure of two-way Sagnac, so good stability, antijamming capability is strong, and device is simply convenient to integrated, and cheap for manufacturing cost.In a word, scheme provided by the invention realizes single port and exports various polarization states, and without subsequent coupling operation, phase control precision is 10
-3rad, operating rate can reach 2GHz.Extinction ratio can reach 30dB.Because precision, modulating speed and the stability of this programme are all very high, and adopted device full optical fiber optical optical road simple, with low cost, be easy to integratedly, be expected to has good application prospect in the optical communication fields such as quantum secret communication.
Brief description of the drawings
The index path that Fig. 1-a generates for the polarized light providing of the present invention;
Fig. 1-b is the total index path that polarized light generates and detects that comprises provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the testing result figure that the present invention generates polarized light.
Accompanying drawing mark:
LD:: pulsed laser; PC:: Polarization Controller;
Cir:: circulator; PBS-A, PBS-B: polarization beam apparatus;
PM: phase-modulator; λ/2:: half-wave plate;
D1, D2: light power meter
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
The invention provides a kind of high speed Polarization Control scheme of full optical fiber, this scheme is specifically produced the laser pulse of a constant polarization state (45 ° of linearly polarized lights) by pulsed laser, utilize polarization beam apparatus to be divided into polarization direction that two beam intensities are equal orthogonal laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2. and utilize polarization beam apparatus and phase-modulator is built a two-way Sagnac ring structure, after described laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2 are the contrary and equivalent optical path transmission in the direction of propagation along described two-way Sagnac ring, there is the light of a certain special polarization state of stack output at polarization beam apparatus place.In this process, phase-modulator can carry out phase-modulation to laser pulse Λ 1 or Λ 2.The polarisation of light state generating after the stack of polarization beam apparatus place two-beam depends on the phase differential of two-beam Λ 1 and Λ 2, the i.e. phase modulation of phase-modulator.
Such scheme utilize polarization beam apparatus by one 45 ° of linearly polarized lights be divided into two beam intensities equate, orthogonal laser pulse Λ 1 and the Λ 2 in polarization direction.
Above-mentioned polarization beam apparatus and the phase-modulator of utilizing built a two-way Sagnac ring structure, and described laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2 be along the transmission of described two-way Sagnac ring, the contrary but equivalent optical path in the direction of propagation, thus ensure stability and the antijamming capability of system.
Above-mentioned by the phase place between the linearly polarized light that modulation two-beam equates by force, polarization direction is orthogonal, change the output polarisation of light state after stack.Phase-modulator only needs in laser pulse Λ 1 or Λ 2, any one carries out phase-modulation.
As Fig. 1-a is depicted as the index path that in the present invention, polarized light generates.In Fig. 1-b, comprise polarized light and generate and detect two parts.
Polarized light generating portion:
The laser pulse that is produced a constant polarization state by pulsed laser (Advanced Laser Diode Systems, PIL131DFB-SM), its wavelength is 1310nm, pulsewidth 20ps, repetition frequency 1MHz.Utilize traditional optical fiber cable ring type structure Polarization Controller PC laser pulse to be transferred to the polarization direction of 45 °.Light, by after circulator Cir, is divided into by the first polarization beam apparatus PBS-A orthogonal laser pulse Λ 1 and the Λ 2 in polarization direction that two beam intensities are equal.For simplicity, we define the former for vertical polarization, and the latter is parallel polarization direction.This two-beam is contrary but after equidistant light path through the direction of propagation, in the stack of PBS-A place, forms a two-way Sagnac and encircles.In this process, phase-modulator PM can carry out phase-modulation to the laser pulse Λ of vertical polarization 1.The electro-optic phase modulator adopting is that Chongqing No.44 Inst., China Electronical Science and Technology Group Co. produces, and works in single line polarization state, and input, the delivery outlet of device are all used polarization maintaining optical fibre.Its half-wave voltage is about 4.2V, selects 0,2.1,4.2,6.3V voltage can realize respectively 0, the phase-modulation of pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s, can produce respectively 45 ° of linearly polarized lights, right-circularly polarized light, 135 ° of linearly polarized lights and left circularly polarized light.These four kinds of polarization states polarization state that required high speed produces in the BB84 of quantum key distribution agreement just, they are the polarized lights that belong to respectively two groups of conjugated radicles.Modulating frequency is 1MHz, and high modulation speed can reach 2GHz, and precision is 10
-3rad.Result after the stack of PBS-A place two-beam depends on the phase differential of two-beam, the i.e. phase modulation of PM.The light pulse that stack produces is through circulator Cir output.
Generate the test section of polarized light:
Half-wave plate, the second polarization beam apparatus PBS-B and the light power meter D1 for polarized light and the D2 that produce measure.The effect of half-wave plate is by 45 ° of polarisation of light direction rotations.As shown in table 1, the polarized light of the different directions of the poor generation of out of phase, after half-wave plate, the variation of polarization direction causes by after polarization beam apparatus PBS-B, the result difference of measuring at light power meter.The number percent of the measured light intensity of light power meter D1 and D2 two line displays.
The measurement result of table 1 different polarization light
The light of the different linear polarization that system produces as can be seen from Table 1 can be by different the reflecting of counting of D1 and D2.
Fig. 2 is the testing result figure that generates polarized light.As can be seen from the figure, under different modulation voltages corresponding to the output of different polarized lights.In the time that phase-modulator loads the voltage of 4.2V, have the linearly polarized light of 135 ° from the output of Sagnac ring.Arrived the half-wave plate rear polarizer state of detection system and can rotate 45 °, become the linearly polarized light of level, finally will all have been surveyed by D2 through polarization beam apparatus, D1 will can not detect the output of any light.As can be seen from the figure, in the time that the luminous power of D1 output is the luminous power maximum of 0, D2 output, the modulation voltage value of corresponding phase-modulator is 4.2V just, theoretical identical very well with experiment.But due to the difference of two output ports of the detection efficiency difference of two light power meter D1, D2 in analyzing light path and polarization beam apparatus PBS-B and the coupling efficiency of light power meter, cause the maximal value of D1 luminous power in figure different from the maximal value of D2 luminous power.
While this Polarization Control scheme being applied in the quantum key distribution system of the polarization encoder based on BB84 agreement, only phase differential need to be modulated to respectively to 0, pi/2, π and 3 pi/2s, can produce respectively 45 ° of linearly polarized lights, right-circularly polarized light, 135 ° of linearly polarized lights and left circularly polarized light.The Polarization Control speed of this scheme depends on the frequency of operation of phase-modulator completely.At present, on market, the frequency of operation of commercial phase-modulator can reach 40GHz, so the fastest Polarization Control speed of this scheme can reach 40GHz.The checking of a principle is just carried out in experiment in this programme; Owing to being limited to the frequency of operation of the phase-modulator that laboratory uses, this programme demonstration reaches 2GHz only, but this can meet required Polarization Control speed in the current quantum key distribution system based on polarization encoder completely.
Finally it should be noted that above embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof are only in order to full optical fiber high speed Polarization Control scheme of the present invention to be described, and unrestricted.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is carried out to various combinations, revises or is equal to replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a full optical fiber high speed polarization control system, is characterized in that, described system comprises:
Pulsed laser, for generation of the laser pulse of a constant polarization state;
Polarization Controller, transfers the polarization direction of 45 ° to for the laser pulse that pulsed laser is produced;
Polarization beam apparatus, for being divided into the laser pulse of 45 ° of polarization directions orthogonal laser pulse Λ 1 and the Λ 2 in polarization direction that two beam intensities are equal; And utilize polarization beam apparatus and phase-modulator to build a two-way Sagnac ring structure, after described laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2 are the contrary and equivalent optical path transmission in the direction of propagation along described two-way Sagnac ring, there is the light of a certain special polarization state of stack output at polarization beam apparatus place;
Wherein, described Polarization Controller is connected by a circulator with polarization beam apparatus.
2. full optical fiber high speed polarization control system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Polarization Controller adopts PC device.
3. full optical fiber high speed polarization control system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described electro-optic phase modulator works in single line polarization state, and the input and output mouth of this device is all used polarization maintaining optical fibre.
4. a full optical fiber high speed polarization control method, the system of the method based on claim 1, described method comprises:
Step 101) produced the laser pulse of a constant polarization state by pulsed laser, described constant polarization state is 45 ° of linearly polarized lights;
Step 102) utilize polarization beam apparatus that laser pulse is divided into orthogonal laser pulse Λ 1 and the Λ 2 in polarization direction that two beam intensities are equal;
Step 103) laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2 are transferred to polarization beam apparatus through Sagnac ring, and by phase-modulator, laser pulse Λ 1 or Λ 2 are carried out to phase-modulation in transmitting procedure;
Step 104) transfer to the light that the laser pulse Λ 1 of polarization beam apparatus and Λ 2 can stack produce and exported a certain special polarization state;
Wherein, described Sagnac ring utilizes polarization beam apparatus and phase-modulator to build.
5. full optical fiber high speed polarization control method according to claim 4, is characterized in that described step 104) also comprise afterwards:
Step 105) thus the phase differential between two bundle laser pulse Λ 1 and Λ 2 changed by the modulation of electro-optic phase modulator, and then change the output polarisation of light state after stack.
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