CN103967428B - A kind of evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk - Google Patents
A kind of evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk, comprise the steps: the casing programme of a. acquisition or measurement target well, structure of downhole assembly and actual well trajectory parameters; B. drilling string dynamics FEM (finite element) model is set up; C solves full well drill string each node cross section buckling stress, dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power and revises dynamic bending stress; D solves the tired frequency coefficient in full well drill string each node cross section; E. provide itself and well depth graph of a relation according to the tired frequency coefficient of trying to achieve, thus the risk whether drill string has a higher generation fatigue failure is evaluated, and determine the position that drill string fatigue failure risk is higher.The present invention had both been applicable to the prediction of drill string fatigue failure risk size in Drilling Design process, carry out the optimization of drill column structure parameter and drilling parameter, also the assessment of drill string fatigue failure risk size in actual well drilled process is applicable to, the mechanism that research drill string fatigue lost efficacy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the assessment technique of recurrent underground drill stem Fatigue Failures in oilfield prospecting developing, particularly a kind of evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk.
Background technology
Drill string is the main tool for transmitting power, conveying drilling fluid, in oilfield drilling process, play important role.In oil well drilling process, drill string due to need to be in for a long time be full of drilling fluid long and narrow well in work, stressing conditions is very complicated, bears the larger stress mutation caused by fluctuating load, very easily fatigue failure occurs, drilling tool failure accident often brings huge economic loss to oil field.A large amount of drilling string failure accidents all can occur both at home and abroad every year, wherein drill string transition thorn leaks and ruptures is the principal mode that drill string fatigue lost efficacy.2013, a bite well in XX oil field there occurs 18 thorn leakage accidents, has had a strong impact on normal drilling operability, also produces to Subsequent secure and brings very big hidden danger.
A lot of about the study mechanism of drilling rod fatigue failure in existing document, effectively promote the raising of drilling rod quality and processing technology.In numerous achievement in research, fatigue ratio method is comparatively outstanding.What adopt in LandMark software is exactly this method, and it can reflect the pressure of the drill, jackrod structure preferably, and especially well track is on the impact of drilling rod fatigue failure.
But all stress only using statical model to solve the drill string obtained can not fully demonstrate the inherent mechanism that drill string fatigue lost efficacy, and is necessary the fatigue failure feature of surge well lower drill Dynamical Characteristics drill string.
The research of current most of drill string fatigue inefficacy aspect generally adopts and solves each node section stress of the drill string obtained in statics FEM (finite element) model, thus draws the fatigue ratio of full well drill string, to evaluate the risk of its fatigue failure.But, in actual well drilled process, the motion of drill string in down-hole and stressing conditions very complicated, except bearing tensile, compressive, bending, turn round complex load and rotation and move downward except, also with complex vibration forms such as longitudinal direction, transverse direction, torsion and whirling motions, the fatigue ratio therefore statical model basis obtained also is difficult to the drill string fatigue failure risk for evaluating well under actual working environment.
In fact, for the drill string in drilling process, because drill string is eccentric, drill bit excitation, drill string and the borehole wall the impact of the factor such as friction, drill string displacement, curvature, dynamic stress are often greater than statics result, and the stress-number of cycles that higher vibration frequency can make drill string material be subject to reaches fatigue life quickly (is generally assumed to 10 during test determination Metal Material Fatigue ultimate strength
7secondary), make drill string sooner fatigue failure occur.Therefore, no matter be the stress that solves of existing statics FEM (finite element) model or existing fatigue ratio evaluation method, all fully can not reflect the stress state of drill string during actual well drilled, also just cannot evaluate actual drill string fatigue failure risk preferably.Need the evaluation method setting up a kind of new drill string fatigue failure risk size for this reason, thus can judge in drilling process more exactly, whether drill string more easily there is fatigue failure, the contingent well section of fatigue failure, so that technician takes corresponding technological means to avoid the generation of the pernicious failure accidents of drill string, thus effectively instructs engineering actual production operation.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk size, be applicable to evaluate the size of drill string fatigue failure risk in Drilling Design stage and actual well drilled process, reduce the generation of the accidents such as the drill string thorn leakage caused because fluctuating stress is tired, ensure the use safety of drill string.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, present invention employs following technical scheme:
An evaluation method for drill string fatigue failure risk, comprises the steps:
A. the casing programme of acquisition or measurement target well, structure of downhole assembly and actual well trajectory parameters;
B. drilling string dynamics FEM (finite element) model is set up;
C. according to actual condition when creeping into, the drilling parameter such as given rotating speed, the pressure of the drill, calculates and solves the buckling stress of full well drill string each node cross section in certain drilling time, dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power; Calculate the intermediate zone local buckling stress amplification coefficient because the existence of drill string box cupling causes, dynamic bending stress is revised;
D. drill string dynamic fatigue coefficient is solved according to drill string dynamic fatigue Modulus Model; Flexural stress change frequency is obtained according to the change of dynamic bending stress, consider that full well drill string tired frequency coefficient calculations model is set up in the impact of drillstring vibrations frequency on fatigue, according to the tired frequency coefficient in this model solution full well drill string each node cross section according to drill string dynamic fatigue coefficient;
E. provide itself and well depth graph of a relation according to the tired frequency coefficient of trying to achieve, thus the risk whether drill string has a higher generation fatigue failure is evaluated, and determine the position that drill string fatigue failure risk is higher.
The casing programme of acquisition or measurement target well in described step a, the concrete steps of structure of downhole assembly and actual well trajectory parameters are as follows:
A1. casing programme parameter is obtained according to actual well drilled situation;
A2. utilize survey tool to measure structure of downhole assembly or obtain from drilling team and survey measured structure of downhole assembly parameter;
A3. utilize measurement while drilling device (MWD or LWD) or single-point, the actual well trajectory parameters of multipoint measuring instrument tracking measurement, comprise depth measurement (m), hole angle (°), azimuth (°).
Drilling string dynamics FEM (finite element) model concrete steps are set up as follows in described step b:
B1. for target well, according to well track, casing programme and structure of downhole assembly parameter grid division;
B2. the outer force vector of element stiffness matrix, unit damping matrix, element mass matrix and cell node is solved according to the geometric parameter of institute's division unit;
B3. the outer force vector of Bulk stiffness matrix, integral damping matrix, total quality matrix and integral node is integrated through local coordinate and overall coordinate conversion matrix;
B4. according to Hamilton principle, obtain drilling string dynamics general equation by above-mentioned matrix-vector, set up drilling string dynamics FEM (finite element) model:
In formula:
for generalized acceleration, unit
;
for generalized velocity, unit
;
for generalized displacement, unit
;
for outer force vector, unit
; [
m ], [
c ], [
k ] be respectively mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix.
The concrete steps solving full well drill string each node cross section buckling stress, dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power and correction dynamic bending stress in described step c are as follows:
C1. first according to the operating mode of reality when creeping into, the drilling parameters such as given the pressure of the drill, rotating speed add the drilling string dynamics FEM (finite element) model in step b, simulate actual process of creeping into;
C2. utilize Newmark method and node solution by iterative method drilling string dynamics model, obtain each modal displacement of full well drill string;
C3. obtain unit by modal displacement by geometrical relationship to strain, then strained by constitutive relation solution node buckling stress (as flexing occurs), dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power by unit.
C4. calculate intermediate zone position section flexure stress amplification coefficient according to drill string tension, pressurized and situation about contacting with the borehole wall and dynamic bending stress revised:
In formula,
for considering the flexural stress after local buckling effect amplification, units MPa,
for the modulus of elasticity of tubing string material, units MPa,
for hole curvature, unit 1/m,
for the external diameter of drill string, unit m,
for flexural stress amplification coefficient, it is mainly considered in crooked hole, the local buckling Amplification effect of the drill pipe thickening intermediate zone position of causing because box cupling exists.
The concrete grammar solving full well drill string each node cross section tired frequency coefficient in described steps d is as follows:
D1. according to solving the buckling stress obtained, revised dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power in step c, the dynamic fatigue coefficient in each node cross section is solved:
In formula,
for dynamic fatigue coefficient,
for buckling stress, units MPa, only have when flexing occurs, just can produce the flexural stress caused because of flexing;
for dynamic fatigue limit, it is presented as a dynamic variable by because of the fluctuation of dynamic axial power;
for considering the dynamic bending stress after local buckling effect amplification, units MPa.
D2. according to the fluctuation situation of each node flexural stress, flexural stress change frequency is obtained;
D3. (FatigueFrequenceRatio is abbreviated as to solve tired frequency coefficient by dynamic fatigue coefficient, flexural stress change frequency and drill string rotation frequency
):
In formula,
ffor flexural stress change frequency, unit Hz;
for drill string rotation frequency, unit Hz.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Prior art is mainly divided into two steps.The first step uses statics FEM (finite element) model to calculate each node section stress; Second step is then use the above-mentioned stress calculated to be evaluated drill string fatigue failure risk by fatigue ratio model.For the first step, due to based on statical model, cannot the actual stress state of creeping into middle drill string of simulate.For second step, in the computational process of existing fatigue ratio, do not relate to the physical quantity of drillstring vibrations, the Drill String Lifespan that drill string material stress cycle-index that the vibration due to drill string causes accelerates to cause cannot be reacted and shorten this actual conditions.
The evaluation method of a kind of new drill string fatigue failure risk size provided by the invention, adopt the drill string force feature simulated based on the full well drilling string dynamics model of actual well track in actual drilling process, the dynamic stress obtained can reflect the drill stem stress state in real work better; And take into account the change frequency of dynamic fatigue coefficient in the computational process of tired frequency coefficient, thus can reflect because dynamic stress Rapid Variable Design causes drill string sooner fatigue failure to occur, reduce the situation of Drill String Lifespan.A kind of evaluation method of more accurate, the drill string fatigue failure risk size that suits drilling well actual conditions can be provided for Drilling Design and the actual stage of creeping into.
The present invention not only considers the size of drill string dynamic stress, the impact that the change frequency also contemplating stress in drilling process lost efficacy on drill string fatigue.Larger stress reduces the fatigue limit of material, and the fatigue life when alternating stresses comparatively fast changed makes drill string reach its material test determination fatigue limit intensity sooner.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is X6 well casing programme schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is node iterative method calculation flow chart.
Fig. 3 be drill string dynamic bending stress over time.
Fig. 4 is the variation relation figure of tired frequency coefficient with well depth.
Hole angle under each well depth of the X6 that Fig. 5 utilizes survey tool to record and azimuth.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present embodiment, for XX oil field, the X6 well four drilling string dynamics characteristic of spudding in when proceeding to 3168m that 18 thorns leak occurs to carry out sunykatuib analysis and is described in detail to the inventive method.
An evaluation method for drill string fatigue failure risk size, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) by obtaining this well bore track (Fig. 5), casing programme (Fig. 1) and structure of downhole assembly parameter and its geometric parameter grid division.
Structure of downhole assembly:
(2) the outer force vector of element stiffness matrix, unit damping matrix, element mass matrix and cell node is solved according to the geometric parameter of institute's division unit; The outer force vector of Bulk stiffness matrix, integral damping matrix, total quality matrix and integral node is integrated through local coordinate and overall coordinate conversion matrix; According to Hamilton principle, substituted into the general type of drilling string dynamics equation by above-mentioned matrix-vector
（1）
In formula:
for generalized acceleration, m/s
2;
for generalized velocity, m/s;
for generalized displacement, m;
for outer force vector, N; [
m ], [
c ], [
k ] be respectively mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix, itself and the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, drilling fluid density and drill column structure parameter, well track relating to parameters.
(3) the pressure of the drill (70kN), rotating speed (60r/min) and the drilling fluid density (1160kg/m that use when creeping into is obtained
3).
(4) solve formula (1), use Newmark method discrete in time, spatially use node iterative method discrete, calculation process is shown in Fig. 1.Calculate the modal displacement of each time step.The strain of unit can be obtained according to geometric equation, each unit buckling stress of each time step (as flexing occurs), flexural stress and axial force can be calculated according to the constitutive relation of material subsequently.
(5) consider in crooked hole that the local buckling Amplification effect of the drill pipe thickening intermediate zone position of causing because box cupling exists calculates flexural stress amplification coefficient
and dynamic bending stress is revised.
(6) according to fatigue endurance limit and its yield stress of dynamic axial power, drill string material, the fatigue limit intensity of drilling rod is obtained by Goodman relation.Solved by the design formulas (2) of dynamic fatigue coefficient and obtain dynamic fatigue coefficient.
（2）
In formula:
for dynamic fatigue coefficient,
for buckling stress, MPa;
for revised dynamic bending stress, MPa;
for fatigue strength limit, MPa.
(7) according to the change (Fig. 3) of dynamic bending stress, flexural stress change frequency is obtained.Substitute into the tired frequency coefficient that tired frequency coefficient formulas (3) obtains full well drill string.
（3）
In formula,
for tired frequency coefficient;
ffor flexural stress change frequency, Hz;
for drill string rotation frequency, Hz.
(8) tired frequency coefficient-well depth graph of a relation (Fig. 4) is drawn according to the tired frequency coefficient under each well depth of trying to achieve.According to graph of a relation, evaluate X6 well drill string fatigue failure risk, this well, when the 3168m degree of depth is crept into, reaches 1.95 at the maximum tired frequency coefficient of 500 ~ 1000m well section, there is the risk that larger drill string fatigue lost efficacy, the drilling failures such as this section of drill string Yi Fashengci leakage.All the other well sections tired frequency coefficient is less, and drill string not easily fatigue failure occurs.In the actual drilling process of X6 well, this well section there occurs 18 Drill Pipe Washout accidents really, completely the same with evaluation result of the present invention.
The fatigue failure risk of drill string when utilizing method provided by the invention not only can evaluate actual well drilled, the tired frequency coefficient of full well drill string can also be simulated according to design well track, casing programme, structure of downhole assembly and drilling parameter when Drilling Design, thus the position that may and produce that prediction drill string fatigue lost efficacy, effectively avoid the down hole problem that drilling rod produces due to fatigue failure in drilling process.
Claims (5)
1. an evaluation method for drill string fatigue failure risk, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A. the casing programme of acquisition or measurement target well, structure of downhole assembly and actual well trajectory parameters;
B. drilling string dynamics FEM (finite element) model is set up;
C. according to actual condition when creeping into, given rotating speed, the pressure of the drill drilling parameter, calculate and solve the buckling stress of full well drill string each node cross section in certain drilling time, dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power; Calculate the intermediate zone local buckling stress amplification coefficient because the existence of drill string box cupling causes, dynamic bending stress is revised;
D. drill string dynamic fatigue coefficient is solved according to drill string dynamic fatigue Modulus Model; Flexural stress change frequency is obtained according to the change of dynamic bending stress, consider that full well drill string tired frequency coefficient calculations model is set up in the impact of drillstring vibrations frequency on fatigue, according to the tired frequency coefficient in this model solution full well drill string each node cross section according to drill string dynamic fatigue coefficient;
E. provide itself and well depth graph of a relation according to the tired frequency coefficient of trying to achieve, thus the risk whether drill string has a higher generation fatigue failure is evaluated, and determine the position that drill string fatigue failure risk is higher.
2. the evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the casing programme of acquisition or measurement target well in described step a, and the concrete steps of structure of downhole assembly and actual well trajectory parameters are as follows:
A1. casing programme parameter is obtained according to actual well drilled situation;
A2. utilize survey tool to measure structure of downhole assembly, or survey measured structure of downhole assembly parameter from drilling team's acquisition;
A3. utilize measurement while drilling device, namely MWD or LWD or single-point, the actual well trajectory parameters of multipoint measuring instrument tracking measurement, comprise depth measurement, unit m, hole angle, unit °, azimuth, unit °.
3. the evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk according to claim 1, is characterized in that, sets up drilling string dynamics FEM (finite element) model concrete steps as follows in described step b:
B1. for target well, according to well track, casing programme and structure of downhole assembly parameter grid division;
B2. the outer force vector of element stiffness matrix, unit damping matrix, element mass matrix and cell node is solved according to the geometric parameter of institute's division unit;
B3. the outer force vector of Bulk stiffness matrix, integral damping matrix, total quality matrix and integral node is integrated through local coordinate and overall coordinate conversion matrix;
B4. according to Hamilton principle, obtain drilling string dynamics general equation by above-mentioned matrix-vector, set up drilling string dynamics FEM (finite element) model:
In formula:
for generalized acceleration, unit
;
for generalized velocity, unit
;
for generalized displacement, unit
;
for outer force vector, unit
; [
m ], [
c ], [
k ] be respectively mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix.
4. the evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete steps solving full well drill string each node cross section buckling stress, dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power and correction dynamic bending stress in described step c are as follows:
C1. first according to the operating mode of reality when creeping into, given the pressure of the drill, rotating speed drilling parameter add the drilling string dynamics FEM (finite element) model in step b, simulate actual process of creeping into;
C2. utilize Newmark method and node solution by iterative method drilling string dynamics model, obtain each modal displacement of full well drill string;
C3. obtain unit by modal displacement by geometrical relationship to strain, then strained by constitutive relation solution node buckling stress by unit;
C4. calculate intermediate zone position section flexure stress amplification coefficient according to drill string tension, pressurized and situation about contacting with the borehole wall and dynamic bending stress revised:
In formula,
for considering the flexural stress after local buckling effect amplification, units MPa,
for the modulus of elasticity of tubing string material, units MPa,
for hole curvature, unit 1/m,
for the external diameter of drill string, unit m,
for flexural stress amplification coefficient, it is mainly considered in crooked hole, the local buckling Amplification effect of the drill pipe thickening intermediate zone position of causing because box cupling exists.
5. the evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete steps solving full well drill string each node cross section tired frequency coefficient in described steps d are as follows:
D1. according to solving the buckling stress obtained, revised dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power in step c, the dynamic fatigue coefficient in each node cross section is solved:
In formula,
for dynamic fatigue coefficient,
for buckling stress, units MPa, only have when flexing occurs, just can produce the flexural stress caused because of flexing;
for dynamic fatigue limit, it is presented as a dynamic variable by because of the fluctuation of dynamic axial power;
for considering the dynamic bending stress after local buckling effect amplification, units MPa;
D2. according to the fluctuation situation of each node flexural stress, flexural stress change frequency is obtained;
D3. tired frequency coefficient is solved by dynamic fatigue coefficient, flexural stress change frequency and drill string rotation frequency
for:
In formula,
ffor flexural stress change frequency, unit Hz;
for drill string rotation frequency, unit Hz.
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Families Citing this family (10)
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| WO2016179767A1 (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fatigue analysis procedure for drill string |
| WO2016182798A1 (en) | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fatigue analysis procedure for drill string |
| CN105825031A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-03 | 西南石油大学 | Fatigue early warning method of directional crossing guiding (reaming) drill string |
| CN106503399B (en) * | 2016-11-19 | 2017-09-15 | 东北石油大学 | Peupendicular hole hangs the determination method of tubing string Helical Buckling Critical Load |
| CN107545099B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-08-04 | 上海大学 | Rapid evaluation method for stress amplification effect of drill rod joint under complex load action |
| CN110397431A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-11-01 | 上海大学 | A kind of anti-breaking method for early warning of tool joint |
| CN111414716A (en) * | 2020-03-29 | 2020-07-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Power analysis method for directional drilling crossing drilling tool |
| CN111709166B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-06-14 | 上海大学 | Method for evaluating safety of female buckle of large-size borehole stabilizer |
| CN113065211B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-04-12 | 西南石油大学 | Fatigue life prediction method for bottom hole assembly based on drill string dynamics |
| CN113076649A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-06 | 西南石油大学 | Method for analyzing transverse vibration of drill column of well with complex structure |
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