CN103967428A - Method for assessing drill column fatigue failure risks - Google Patents
Method for assessing drill column fatigue failure risks Download PDFInfo
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- CN103967428A CN103967428A CN201410154692.5A CN201410154692A CN103967428A CN 103967428 A CN103967428 A CN 103967428A CN 201410154692 A CN201410154692 A CN 201410154692A CN 103967428 A CN103967428 A CN 103967428A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for assessing drill column fatigue failure risks. The method includes the following steps of (a) obtaining or measuring a well bore structure of a target well, a drill combination structure and an actual well track parameter, (b) building a drill column dynamic finite element model, (c) solving buckling stress, dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial force of the section of each node of a drill column of the whole well and correcting the dynamic bending stress, (d) solving the fatigue frequency coefficient of the section of each node of the drill column of the whole well, and (e) making a graph about the relation between the fatigue frequency coefficients and the well depth according to the obtained fatigue frequency coefficients, assessing whether the drill column has high fatigue failure risks and determining the position where the drill column has high fatigue failure risks. The method is suitable for being used for predicting the drill column fatigue failure risks in the well design process, optimizing drill column structure parameters and well parameters, assessing the drill column fatigue failure risks in the actual well drilling process and researching the mechanism of drill fatigue failure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the assessment technique of recurrent underground drill stem Fatigue Failures in oilfield prospecting developing, particularly a kind of evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk.
Background technology
Drill string is for the main tool of transferring power, conveying drilling fluid, is playing the part of important role in oilfield drilling process.In oil well drilling process, drill string is because needs are worked in the long and narrow well in being full of drilling fluid for a long time, and stressing conditions is very complicated, bears the larger stress mutation being caused by fluctuating load, fatigue failure very easily occurs, and drilling tool failure accident is often brought huge economic loss to oil field.Annual domestic and international a large amount of drilling string failure accident that all can occur, wherein the leakage of drill string transition thorn and fracture are the principal modes that drill string fatigue lost efficacy.2013, there is thorn leakage accident 18 times in a bite well in XX oil field, has had a strong impact on normal drillng operation, brought very big hidden danger also to follow-up safety in production.
Mechanism research about drilling rod fatigue failure in existing document is a lot, has effectively promoted the raising of drilling rod quality and processing technology.In numerous achievements in research, fatigue ratio method is comparatively outstanding.What in LandMark software, adopt is exactly this method, and it can reflect the impact on drilling rod fatigue failure of the pressure of the drill, jackrod structure, especially well track preferably.
But all stress of the drill string that statics model solution obtains that only uses can not fully demonstrate the inherent mechanism that drill string fatigue lost efficacy, and is necessary the fatigue failure feature in conjunction with underground drill stem Dynamical Characteristics drill string.
The research of current most of drill string fatigue inefficacy aspect generally adopts in statics FEM (finite element) model and solves each node section stress of drill string obtaining, thereby draws the fatigue ratio of full well drill string, to evaluate the risk of its fatigue failure.Yet, in actual well drilled process, drill string is very complicated at motion and the stressing conditions of down-hole, except bearing tensile, compressive, bending, turn round complex load and rotation move downward, also with longitudinally, laterally, the complex vibration form such as torsion and whirling motion, so the fatigue ratio obtaining on statics model basis is also difficult to for evaluating well the drill string fatigue failure risk under actual working environment.
In fact, for the drill string in drilling process, impact due to the factors such as friction of drill string bias, drill bit excitation, drill string and the borehole wall, drill string displacement, curvature, dynamic stress tend to be greater than statics result, and higher vibration frequency can make stress-number of cycles that drill string material is subject to reach quickly (during test determination metal material fatigue limit intensity, to be generally assumed to 10 fatigue life
7inferior), make drill string that fatigue failure occur sooner.Therefore,, no matter be stress or the existing fatigue ratio evaluation method that existing statics FEM (finite element) model solves, the stress state of drill string in the time of all can not fully reflecting actual well drilled, also just cannot evaluate actual drill string fatigue failure risk preferably.Need to set up a kind of evaluation method of new drill string fatigue failure risk size for this reason, thereby can judge more exactly in drilling process, whether drill string more easily there is fatigue failure, the contingent well section of fatigue failure, so that technician takes corresponding technological means to avoid the generation of the pernicious failure accidents of drill string, thereby effectively instruct engineering actual production operation.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk size, be applicable in Drilling Design stage and actual well drilled process, the size of drill string fatigue failure risk be evaluated, the drill string that minimizing causes due to fluctuating stress fatigue stings the generation of the accidents such as leakage, guarantees the use safety of drill string.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
An evaluation method for drill string fatigue failure risk, comprises the steps:
A. obtain or the casing programme of measurement target well structure of downhole assembly and actual well trajectory parameters;
B. set up drill string Dynamics Finite Element Model;
C. the actual condition when creeping into, the drilling parameters such as given rotating speed, the pressure of the drill, calculate buckling stress, dynamic bending stress and the dynamic axial power of each node cross section of full well drill string in certain drilling time that solves; Calculating, due to the intermediate zone local buckling stress amplification coefficient that the existence of drill string box cupling causes, is revised dynamic bending stress;
D. according to drill string dynamic fatigue Modulus Model, solve drill string dynamic fatigue coefficient; According to the variation of dynamic bending stress, obtain flexural stress change frequency, according to drill string dynamic fatigue coefficient and consider that drillstring vibrations frequency sets up the tired frequency coefficient calculations of full well drill string model to tired impact, according to the tired frequency coefficient in each node cross section of the full well drill string of this model solution;
E. according to the tired frequency coefficient of trying to achieve, provide itself and well depth graph of a relation, thereby the risk whether drill string has a higher generation fatigue failure is evaluated, and determine the position that drill string fatigue failure risk is higher.
In described step a, obtain or the casing programme of measurement target well, the concrete steps of structure of downhole assembly and actual well trajectory parameters are as follows:
A1. according to actual well drilled situation, obtain casing programme parameter;
A2. utilize survey tool measurement structure of downhole assembly Huo Cong drilling team to obtain and survey measured structure of downhole assembly parameter;
A3. utilize measurement while drilling device (MWD or LWD) or single-point, the actual well trajectory parameters of multipoint measuring instrument tracking measurement, comprise depth measurement (m), hole angle (°), azimuth (°).
In described step b, set up drill string Dynamics Finite Element Model concrete steps as follows:
B1. for target well, according to well track, casing programme and structure of downhole assembly parameter grid division;
B2. according to the geometric parameter of institute's division unit, solve the outer force vector of element stiffness matrix, unit damping matrix, element mass matrix and cell node;
B3. through local coordinate and whole coordinate conversion matrix, integrate the outer force vector of integral rigidity matrix, integral damping matrix, total quality matrix and integral node;
B4. according to Hamilton principle, by above-mentioned matrix-vector, obtain drill string kinetics general equation, set up drill string Dynamics Finite Element Model:
In formula:
for generalized acceleration, unit
;
for generalized velocity, unit
;
for generalized displacement, unit
;
for outer force vector, unit
; [
m ], [
c ], [
k ] be respectively mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix.
The concrete steps that solve each node cross section buckling stress of full well drill string, dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power and correction dynamic bending stress in described step c are as follows:
The operating mode of reality when c1. first basis is crept into, the drilling parameters such as given the pressure of the drill, rotating speed add the drill string Dynamics Finite Element Model in step b, simulate actual process of creeping into;
C2. utilize Newmark method and node solution by iterative method drill string kinetic model, obtain complete each modal displacement of well drill string;
C3. by modal displacement, by geometrical relationship, obtain unit strain, then pass through constitutive relation solution node buckling stress (as flexing occurs), dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power by unit strain.
C4. according to drill string tension, pressurized and situation about contacting with the borehole wall, calculate cross section, intermediate zone position flexural stress amplification coefficient and dynamic bending stress revised:
In formula,
for considering the flexural stress after local buckling effect amplification, units MPa,
for the modulus of elasticity of tubing string material, units MPa,
for hole curvature, the 1/m of unit,
for the external diameter of drill string, the m of unit,
for flexural stress amplification coefficient, it mainly considers in crooked hole, because box cupling exists the local buckling Amplification effect of the drill pipe thickening intermediate zone position of causing.
The concrete grammar that solves each tired frequency coefficient in node cross section of full well drill string in described steps d is as follows:
D1. according to solving the buckling stress obtaining, revised dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power in step c, solve the dynamic fatigue coefficient in each node cross section:
In formula,
for dynamic fatigue coefficient,
for buckling stress, units MPa, only have when flexing occurs, just can produce the flexural stress causing because of flexing;
for the dynamic fatigue limit, it will be presented as a dynamic variable because of the fluctuation of dynamic axial power;
for considering the dynamic bending stress after local buckling effect amplification, units MPa.
D2. according to the fluctuation situation of each node flexural stress, obtain flexural stress change frequency;
D3. (Fatigue Frequence Ratio, is abbreviated as by dynamic fatigue coefficient, flexural stress change frequency and drill string rotation frequency, to solve tired frequency coefficient
):
In formula,
ffor flexural stress change frequency, the Hz of unit;
for drill string rotation frequency, the Hz of unit.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Prior art is mainly divided into two steps.The first step is to use statics FEM (finite element) model to calculate each node section stress; Second step is to use the above-mentioned stress calculating by fatigue ratio model, drill string fatigue failure risk to be evaluated.For the first step, due to based on statics model, cannot the actual stress state of creeping into middle drill string of simulate.For second step, in the computational process of existing fatigue ratio, do not relate to the physical quantity of drillstring vibrations, cannot react the Drill String Lifespan that drill string material stress cycle-index that the vibration due to drill string causes accelerates to cause and shorten this actual conditions.
The evaluation method of a kind of new drill string fatigue failure risk size provided by the invention, the full well drill string kinetic model of employing based on actual well track simulated the drill string stress characteristic in actual drilling process, and the dynamic stress obtaining can reflect the drill string stress state in real work better; And in the computational process of tired frequency coefficient, considered the change frequency of dynamic fatigue coefficient, thereby can reflect because dynamic stress changes and causes drill string that fatigue failure occurs sooner fast, reduced the situation of Drill String Lifespan.A kind of evaluation method of more accurate, the drill string fatigue failure risk size that suits drilling well actual conditions can be provided for Drilling Design and the actual stage of creeping into.
The present invention not only considers the size of drill string dynamic stress, has also considered the impact that in drilling process, the change frequency of stress lost efficacy on drill string fatigue.Larger stress has reduced the fatigue limit of material, and the fatigue life of the very fast alternating stresses changing while making drill string reach sooner its material test to determine fatigue limit intensity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is X6 well casing programme schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is node iterative method calculation flow chart.
Fig. 3 be drill string dynamic bending stress over time.
Fig. 4 is that tired frequency coefficient is with the variation relation figure of well depth.
Fig. 5 utilizes hole angle and the azimuth under each well depth of X6 that survey tool records.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present embodiment be take XX oil field and drill string dynamics that X6 well four that 18 thorns leak spuds in while proceeding to 3168m occurs is carried out sunykatuib analysis and the inventive method is elaborated as example.
An evaluation method for drill string fatigue failure risk size, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) by obtaining this well bore track (Fig. 5), casing programme (Fig. 1) and structure of downhole assembly parameter with and geometric parameter grid division.
Structure of downhole assembly:
(2) according to the geometric parameter of institute's division unit, solve the outer force vector of element stiffness matrix, unit damping matrix, element mass matrix and cell node; Through local coordinate and whole coordinate conversion matrix, integrate the outer force vector of integral rigidity matrix, integral damping matrix, total quality matrix and integral node; According to Hamilton principle, by the general type of above-mentioned matrix-vector substitution drill string kinetics equation
（1）
In formula:
for generalized acceleration, m/s
2;
for generalized velocity, m/s;
for generalized displacement, m;
for outer force vector, N; [
m ], [
c ], [
k ] be respectively mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix, itself and the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, drilling fluid density and drill column structure parameter, well track relating to parameters.
(3) obtain the pressure of the drill (70kN), rotating speed (60 r/min) and the drilling fluid density (1160kg/m using while creeping into
3).
(4) solve formula (1), use in time Newmark method discrete, use node iterative method discrete on space, calculation process is shown in Fig. 1.Calculate the modal displacement of each time step.According to geometric equation, can obtain the strain of unit, according to the constitutive relation of material, can calculate each unit buckling stress of each time step (as flexing occurs), flexural stress and axial force subsequently.
(5) consider in crooked hole, because box cupling exists the local buckling Amplification effect of the drill pipe thickening intermediate zone position of causing, calculate flexural stress amplification coefficient
and dynamic bending stress is revised.
(6) according to the fatigue endurance limit of dynamic axial power, drill string material with and yield stress, by Goodman relation, obtain the fatigue limit intensity of drilling rod.Design formulas (2) by dynamic fatigue coefficient solves and obtains dynamic fatigue coefficient.
（2）
In formula:
for dynamic fatigue coefficient,
for buckling stress, MPa;
for revised dynamic bending stress, MPa;
for fatigue strength limit, MPa.
(7) according to the variation of dynamic bending stress (Fig. 3), obtain flexural stress change frequency.The tired frequency coefficient formulas of substitution (3) obtains the tired frequency coefficient of full well drill string.
（3）
In formula,
for tired frequency coefficient;
ffor flexural stress change frequency, Hz;
for drill string rotation frequency, Hz.
(8) according to the tired frequency coefficient under each well depth of trying to achieve, draw tired frequency coefficient-well depth graph of a relation (Fig. 4).According to graph of a relation, X6 well drill string fatigue failure risk is evaluated, when this well creeps in the 3168m degree of depth, at the maximum tired frequency coefficient of 500 ~ 1000m well section, reached 1.95, the risk that exists larger drill string fatigue to lose efficacy, the drilling failures such as this section of drill string Yi Fashengci leakage.The tired frequency coefficient of all the other well sections is less, and drill string is difficult for occurring fatigue failure.In the actual drilling process of X6 well, there is Drill Pipe Washout accident 18 times in this well section, with evaluation result of the present invention in full accord really.
The fatigue failure risk of drill string while utilizing method provided by the invention not only can evaluate actual well drilled, can also when Drilling Design, according to design well track, casing programme, structure of downhole assembly and drilling parameter, simulate the tired frequency coefficient of full well drill string, thereby the position may and producing that prediction drill string fatigue lost efficacy, effectively avoids the down hole problem that drilling rod produces due to fatigue failure in drilling process.
Claims (5)
1. an evaluation method for drill string fatigue failure risk, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A. obtain or the casing programme of measurement target well structure of downhole assembly and actual well trajectory parameters;
B. set up drill string Dynamics Finite Element Model;
C. the actual condition when creeping into, the drilling parameters such as given rotating speed, the pressure of the drill, calculate buckling stress, dynamic bending stress and the dynamic axial power of each node cross section of full well drill string in certain drilling time that solves; Calculating, due to the intermediate zone local buckling stress amplification coefficient that the existence of drill string box cupling causes, is revised dynamic bending stress;
D. according to drill string dynamic fatigue Modulus Model, solve drill string dynamic fatigue coefficient; According to the variation of dynamic bending stress, obtain flexural stress change frequency, according to drill string dynamic fatigue coefficient and consider that drillstring vibrations frequency sets up the tired frequency coefficient calculations of full well drill string model to tired impact, according to the tired frequency coefficient in each node cross section of the full well drill string of this model solution;
E. according to the tired frequency coefficient of trying to achieve, provide itself and well depth graph of a relation, thereby the risk whether drill string has a higher generation fatigue failure is evaluated, and determine the position that drill string fatigue failure risk is higher.
2. the evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk according to claim 1, is characterized in that, obtains or the casing programme of measurement target well in described step a, and the concrete steps of structure of downhole assembly and actual well trajectory parameters are as follows:
A1. according to actual well drilled situation, obtain casing programme parameter;
A2. utilize survey tool to measure structure of downhole assembly, Huo Cong drilling team obtains and surveys measured structure of downhole assembly parameter;
A3. utilize measurement while drilling device, MWD or LWD or single-point, the actual well trajectory parameters of multipoint measuring instrument tracking measurement, comprise depth measurement (m), hole angle (°), azimuth (°).
3. the evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk according to claim 1, is characterized in that, sets up drill string Dynamics Finite Element Model concrete steps as follows in described step b:
B1. for target well, according to well track, casing programme and structure of downhole assembly parameter grid division;
B2. according to the geometric parameter of institute's division unit, solve the outer force vector of element stiffness matrix, unit damping matrix, element mass matrix and cell node;
B3. through local coordinate and whole coordinate conversion matrix, integrate the outer force vector of integral rigidity matrix, integral damping matrix, total quality matrix and integral node;
B4. according to Hamilton principle, by above-mentioned matrix-vector, obtain drill string kinetics general equation, set up drill string Dynamics Finite Element Model:
In formula:
for generalized acceleration, unit
;
for generalized velocity, unit
;
for generalized displacement, unit
;
for outer force vector, unit
; [
m ], [
c ], [
k ] be respectively mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix.
4. the evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete steps that solve each node cross section buckling stress of full well drill string, dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power and correction dynamic bending stress in described step c are as follows:
The operating mode of reality when c1. first basis is crept into, the drilling parameters such as given the pressure of the drill, rotating speed add the drill string Dynamics Finite Element Model in step b, simulate actual process of creeping into;
C2. utilize Newmark method and node solution by iterative method drill string kinetic model, obtain complete each modal displacement of well drill string;
C3. by modal displacement, by geometrical relationship, obtain unit strain, then pass through constitutive relation solution node buckling stress by unit strain, as there is flexing, dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power;
C4. according to drill string tension, pressurized and situation about contacting with the borehole wall, calculate cross section, intermediate zone position flexural stress amplification coefficient and dynamic bending stress revised:
In formula,
for considering the flexural stress after local buckling effect amplification, units MPa,
for the modulus of elasticity of tubing string material, units MPa,
for hole curvature, the 1/m of unit,
for the external diameter of drill string, the m of unit,
for flexural stress amplification coefficient, it mainly considers in crooked hole, because box cupling exists the local buckling Amplification effect of the drill pipe thickening intermediate zone position of causing.
5. the evaluation method of drill string fatigue failure risk according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete steps that solve each tired frequency coefficient in node cross section of full well drill string in described steps d are as follows:
D1. according to solving the buckling stress obtaining, revised dynamic bending stress and dynamic axial power in step c, solve the dynamic fatigue coefficient in each node cross section:
In formula,
for dynamic fatigue coefficient,
for buckling stress, units MPa, only have when flexing occurs, just can produce the flexural stress causing because of flexing;
for the dynamic fatigue limit, it will be presented as a dynamic variable because of the fluctuation of dynamic axial power;
for considering the dynamic bending stress after local buckling effect amplification, units MPa;
D2. according to the fluctuation situation of each node flexural stress, obtain flexural stress change frequency;
D3. by dynamic fatigue coefficient, flexural stress change frequency and drill string rotation frequency, solve tired frequency coefficient
for:
In formula,
ffor flexural stress change frequency, the Hz of unit;
for drill string rotation frequency, the Hz of unit.
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| WO2016179767A1 (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fatigue analysis procedure for drill string |
| CN106503399A (en) * | 2016-11-19 | 2017-03-15 | 东北石油大学 | Peupendicular hole hangs the determination method of tubing string Helical Buckling Critical Load |
| CN107545099A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-01-05 | 上海大学 | A kind of fast appraisement method of the lower tool joint Amplification effect of complex load effect |
| CN110397431A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-11-01 | 上海大学 | A kind of anti-breaking method for early warning of tool joint |
| CN111414716A (en) * | 2020-03-29 | 2020-07-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Power analysis method for directional drilling crossing drilling tool |
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| CN113065211A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-02 | 西南石油大学 | Fatigue life prediction method for bottom hole assembly based on drill string dynamics |
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| CN111709166B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-06-14 | 上海大学 | Method for evaluating safety of female buckle of large-size borehole stabilizer |
| CN113065211A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-02 | 西南石油大学 | Fatigue life prediction method for bottom hole assembly based on drill string dynamics |
| CN113076649A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-06 | 西南石油大学 | Method for analyzing transverse vibration of drill column of well with complex structure |
| CN113065211B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-04-12 | 西南石油大学 | Fatigue life prediction method for bottom hole assembly based on drill string dynamics |
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