CN103956718A - Novel DC superconductive current limiter and DC circuit breaker - Google Patents

Novel DC superconductive current limiter and DC circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103956718A
CN103956718A CN201410074849.3A CN201410074849A CN103956718A CN 103956718 A CN103956718 A CN 103956718A CN 201410074849 A CN201410074849 A CN 201410074849A CN 103956718 A CN103956718 A CN 103956718A
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China
Prior art keywords
current
resistance
superconducting tape
superconducting
parallel
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CN201410074849.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王建华
刘志远
项彬
耿英三
柳父悟
谭亚雄
杨騉
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN201410074849.3A priority Critical patent/CN103956718A/en
Publication of CN103956718A publication Critical patent/CN103956718A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel DC superconductive current limiter and a DC circuit breaker. The DC superconductive current limiter includes a superconductive strip and a DC resistor, which are connected in parallel. The superconductive strip is in the form of parallel and/or serial connection of one or more superconductive strips. The DC resistor is in the form of parallel and/or serial connection of one or more DC resistors. The DC circuit breaker is formed through serial connection of the novel DC superconductive current limiter and a DC on-off module. The novel DC superconductive current limiter is capable of being used in cooperation with the DC circuit breaker in a high-voltage large-current occasion. Under a comparatively high rated voltage level, firstly, a fault current is limited to a lower value through the DC superconductive current limiter and then the DC circuit breaker switches off a lower fault current. Because the DC superconductive current limiter can limit the value of the fault current to a significantly low level, the difficulty in switching off the DC fault current by the DC circuit breaker can be effectively reduced.

Description

A kind of novel DC superconducting flow restricter and DC circuit breaker
Technical field
The present invention relates to flow restricter technical field, be specifically related to a kind of novel DC superconducting flow restricter and DC circuit breaker.
Background technology
Although HVDC Transmission Technology develops comparative maturity, but the bind mode flexible, various with respect to AC transmission system, the direct current system overwhelming majority who has moved in the world at present still adopts two end systems, and its main cause is exactly to lack practical high voltage DC breaker.Along with further developing of HVDC Transmission Technology, multi-terminal system must become new developing direction, and use high voltage DC breaker can realize " ad hoc mode " that change existing HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission line, make ultra-high-tension power transmission line become the pattern of networking, utilize high voltage DC breaker can realize the development to multi-terminal HVDC transmission system by two-terminal direct current transmission system, and make to realize high voltage direct current network and become possibility.As the device for switching that plays control and protection double action in system, the development tool of DC circuit breaker is of great significance.China's extra-high voltage direct-current transmission mode adopts two-port now, exists the unicity of transmission means.If there is applicable extra-high voltage direct-current circuit breaker, not only can set up direct current multistation system, can also set up the contact between direct current system, make direct current system there is operational mode and reliably regulating measure flexibly.Therefore, DC circuit breaker is the important channel of resolution system networking, raising reliability and controllability.At present the principle of conventional high voltage DC breaker has self-excited oscillating type, external excited oscillation type and utilize the first current limliting of current limiting device to cut-off again type.Utilizing the first current limliting of flow restricter to cut-off is current popular research direction again, and this is also undivided with the fast development of current current limiting technique.Why current limiting technique receives publicity, mainly contain following two reasons: first, net capacity constantly increases, and short circuit current level also increases thereupon, and limiting short-circuit current can improve the operational flexibility of security and stability, grid supply quality and the electrical network of electric power system; The second, existing power device overload capacity is low, and the di/dt that can bear, du/dt are limited, power device is caused and punctures or damage when preventing fault, needs to use demand limiter.If only use superconducting tape to carry out the restriction of fault current, the one, DC system fault electric current is large, very easily damage superconducting tape, the 2nd, if only use superconducting tape current limliting, need fault current limitation to very low level, fault current is all born by superconducting tape, needs a large amount of superconducting tapes, makes the price of superconductive current limiter very expensive.
Summary of the invention
The problem existing in order to solve above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel DC superconducting flow restricter and DC circuit breaker, the novel DC superconducting flow restricter of the present invention can be used in high voltage occasion, has the ability of restriction major break down electric current.
For reaching above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of novel DC superconducting flow restricter, comprise the superconducting tape 1 and the D.C. resistance 2 that are in parallel, described superconducting tape 1 is the form of the in parallel and/or series connection of one or more superconducting tapes, and described D.C. resistance 2 be one or more D.C. resistances forms with/R or series connection in parallel.
Improve the quench speed of superconducting tape by add the method in magnetic field on described superconducting tape 1, improve the ability of its Limited Current, make current limliting rapider.
On described superconducting tape 1, be also parallel with overvoltage absorbing device 5, for absorbing the overvoltage at superconducting tape 1 two ends.
Described overvoltage absorbing device 5 is zinc oxide arrester.
A kind of DC circuit breaker, cut-offs module 3 by novel DC superconducting flow restricter described above and direct current and is in series and forms.
The selection of superconducting tape parallel connection direct resistance:
The Main Function of the D.C. resistance of superconducting tape parallel connection, for shunting, passes through most of fault current, thereby the electric current that flows through superconducting tape is reduced from D.C. resistance in parallel, and the quantity of heat production of superconducting tape reduces, thereby reduces the length of superconducting tape.The present embodiment parallel resistance is the form of pure resistance; do not adopt the series connection form of D.C. resistance and inductance; if because series direct current inductance; in the time that fault current arrives; the resistance of inductance increases; the resistance of parallel resistance part is increased, and current transfer, in superconducting tape, is protected superconducting tape and the object that reduces superconducting tape length thereby do not have.
The resistance of parallel connection direct resistance selects to can be 1/5th of resistance after superconducting tape quench; so 5/6ths of fault current flows through from parallel resistance; only have 1/6th of fault current to flow through from superconducting tape; after the quench of superconducting tape, resistance can increase gradually; so the electric current in superconducting tape can reduce gradually, thereby play the object of protecting superconducting tape.
Compared to the prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
1, existing DC superconducting flow restricter adopts the direct current limliting of superconducting tape, and fault current value is all born by superconducting tape itself, and because large fault current is born by superconducting tape itself, superconducting tape produces amount of heat in moment, easily thoroughly damages; The form that the present invention adopts superconducting tape and resistance to be in parallel, fault current is by superconducting tape and resistance shared in parallel, and most fault current flows through from parallel resistance, and the barrier current value that superconducting tape holds reduces, the heat producing reduces, and the possibility of damage reduces greatly.Parallel resistance has played the object of protection superconducting tape.
2, after superconducting tape parallel resistance, total resistance value reduces, resistance 4 and the common dividing potential drop of this total resistance value in direct current system, so the magnitude of voltage that superconducting tape need to bear reduces, the length of the superconducting tape needing reduces can be reduced to 20% original left and right.Can reduce cost and the volume of DC superconducting flow restricter.
3, in the time there is large fault current in system, the resistance moment of superconducting tape 1 increases, most of electric current flows through from parallel resistance 2, so electric current is limited to lower value, make DC circuit breaker can cut-off easily confined DC Line Fault electric current, reduced the difficulty of cut-offfing of DC circuit breaker.The current value that need to cut-off due to DC circuit breaker reduces, and can reduce cost and the design research and development difficulty of DC circuit breaker.The line resistance of supposing direct current system is R 4, the resistance after superconducting tape and resistance parallel connection is R, the electric current of DC line is I dC, the rated voltage of system is V dC, the inductance value of direct current system is L dC, the time constant of DC system fault electric current is τ, can obtain:
I DC=V DC/(R+R 4)
τ=L DC/(R+R 4)
4, superconductive current limiter of the present invention is high-temperature electric resistance type superconductive current limiter, and resistive superconducting flow restricter has simple in structure, and reaction speed is fast, the feature that current overload coefficient is low; Material adopts yttrium barium copper oxide YBCO or other superconductors, because its resistance is very large when the quench, and can be by fault current limitation in very low level; Parallel resistance plays the effect of shunting, and most of fault current flows through from resistance, has played the effect of protection superconducting tape.In the time that system does not have fault current, electric current passes through from superconducting tape, and superconducting tape is non-resistance in the time of superconducting state, so the loss of designed novel DC superconducting flow restricter is minimum.
5, superconducting current-limiting module of the present invention is that multiple superconducting tapes and parallel resistance are connected or/and compose in parallel, direct current cut-offs module and also connects or/and compose in parallel for multiple DC circuit breakers, when superconducting current-limiting module and direct current cut-off module while taking form that multiple modules are in series, can improve the rated voltage of formed high voltage DC breaker; When superconducting current-limiting module and direct current cut-off module while adopting respectively the form that multiple modules are in parallel, can improve the rated current of formed high voltage DC breaker.
6, because the quick quench of superconducting tape, resistance moment increases, while and parallel resistance are together born fault current, because the resistance of superconducting tape is larger, so the current value of bearing reduces, superconducting tape after parallel resistance need not be born excessive fault current, the heat producing reduces, and concerning identical recovery time, the magnitude of voltage that can bear increases, can greatly reduce the length of superconducting tape, thereby save cost.Superconducting tape is without bearing very large fault current, so the heat production of superconducting tape reduces, the possibility of damage reduces.The heat production of superconducting tape reduces, and can shorten the recovery time of superconducting tape, can reduce the amount of vaporization of cooling fluid, reduces the possibility puncturing, and under voltage levels, is even more important.Can limit by overvoltage absorbing device in parallel the voltage at superconducting tape and parallel resistance two ends; the damage of for example protecting overvoltage to bring to superconducting tape and resistance in parallel with zinc oxide arrester; the position difference of overvoltage absorbing device in direct current system, the effect of protection is also different.
7, the consumption of superconducting tape reduces, and can effectively reduce volume and the cost of superconducting current-limiting part, and the volume of cooling device reduces, and has also reduced cost.Reducing of equipment volume, is more prone to the electric pressure that improves equipment.Novel DC superconducting flow restricter simple in structure, design is also than being easier to.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the single superconducting tape of the present invention and D.C. resistance are in parallel.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that increases overvoltage absorbing device in parallel to DC superconducting flow restricter.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of DC circuit breaker of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the key diagram of explanation DC circuit breaker in the importance of multi-terminal HVDC transmission system.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of DC transmission system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that increases overvoltage absorbing device on the basis of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the oscillogram of Fig. 6 in the time occurring damming situation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of novel DC superconducting flow restricter of the present invention, comprises the superconducting tape 1 and the D.C. resistance 2 that are in parallel.
As shown in Figure 2, give current limliting module overvoltage absorbing device 5 in parallel, play the effect of protection superconducting tape and parallel resistance.
As shown in Figure 3, for superconducting current-limiting module and direct current cut-off the be in series high voltage DC breaker of composition of module.This high voltage DC breaker has the ability of cut-offfing large DC Line Fault electric current.Superconducting current-limiting module is that multiple superconducting tapes and parallel resistance are in series or/and formation in parallel.It is that multiple DC circuit breaker series connection are or/and formation in parallel that direct current cut-offs module.In order to improve the rated voltage of high voltage DC breaker that the present invention forms, can adopt multiple direct currents to cut-off the form that module is in series, superconducting current-limiting module also can adopt the form of multiple series connection.In order to improve the rated current of high voltage DC breaker that the present invention forms, can adopt the form of multiple direct current current-limiting module parallel connection, superconducting current-limiting module also can adopt the form of multiple parallel connections.
Fig. 4 is the important function of DC circuit breaker in multi-terminal HVDC transmission system, and the successful development of high voltage DC breaker makes multi-terminal HVDC transmission become possibility.The successful development of high voltage DC breaker is the key that high-voltage dc transmission electric network can form.
The structural representation of Fig. 5 DC transmission system.For explanation in direct current system in order to reduce the overvoltage producing while occurring damming, in DC transmission system, increase and absorb superpotential capacitor 6.Object is in the time of DC circuit breaker drop-out current; if there is the phenomenon of damming; this electric current can be transferred on the capacitor in parallel with it 6; capacitor 6 chargings raise its voltage; in the time flowing through in direct current system that the electric current of inductance equals zero; voltage on electric capacity reaches maximum; then; electric capacity is again to the inductance in system and power supply electric discharge; after attenuated oscillation several times; the voltage stabilization at last electric capacity two ends, at the numerical value of electrical source voltage, has limited the overvoltage of system, thereby reaches protection current limliting module and the object of cut-offfing module.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that increases overvoltage absorbing device 5 on the basis of Fig. 5.In direct current system, in order to limit different types of overvoltage in circuit, overvoltage absorbing device 5 is installed in direct current system.The present embodiment overvoltage absorbing device 5 is zinc oxide arrester.
Fig. 7 is the oscillogram of Fig. 6 circuit diagram while occurring damming situation, and I is the total current that flows through direct current system, and V is the voltage at capacitor 6 two ends, I 0and V 0be respectively rated voltage and the rated current of DC transmission system.At t 0moment, DC transmission system breaks down, and fault current rises rapidly, in the time that the electric current that flows through superconducting tape exceedes the critical electric current value of superconducting tape, the rapid quench of superconducting tape, have a resistance, superconducting tape and parallel resistance start current limliting in the t1 moment, because the resistance of superconducting tape increases, so the electric current of system reduces, be not reduced at 1 o'clock at electric current, cut-off module and electric current is cut-off, occur the phenomenon of damming.Because superconducting tape resistance before quench is very little, the resistance that cut-offs module is also very little, so at t 0before moment, the value of voltage V is very little, and after quench, the resistance value of superconducting tape increases, and the resistance of current limliting module increases, so V presents ascendant trend.At t 2damming, appear in the moment, and the electric current of supposing to dam is I 1, while occurring damming, capacitor voltage at both ends is V 1, at t 2moment, capacitor voltage at both ends V increased rapidly, and the value that voltage increases is determined by the inductance value L in value and the system of electric capacity.In the time flowing through the electric current of system inductance L and be zero, the voltage in capacitor C reaches maximum V max, by conservation of energy principle:
(C×V max 2)/2=(I 1 2×L)/2+(C×V 1 2)/2
V max = L I 1 2 C + V 1 2
Can, by the size of control capacittance, change the voltage at electric capacity two ends, reduce superpotential object thereby reach, capacitance increases, and the magnitude of voltage at electric capacity two ends reduces.
Operation principle of the present invention is: in the time of system fault-free electric current, because the resistance value at the superconducting tape of superconducting state is far smaller than resistance value in parallel, so electric current passes through from superconducting tape, then flow through direct current and cut-off module, so the loss of DC superconducting flow restricter of the present invention is minimum.In the time that system breaks down; fault current flows through superconducting tape and parallel resistance simultaneously; because the rapid quench of superconducting tape; the value of having a resistance; the resistance value of parallel resistance is less than the resistance value of superconducting tape after quench; so fault current mainly flows through from parallel resistance, play the effect of protection superconducting tape.The direct current of being connected by rear by the less fault current of DC superconducting flow restrictors limit cut-offs module and cut-offs, thereby reaches the object of breaking direct current.It is can under high voltage, move because of flow restricter for this reason that the present invention adopts DC superconducting flow restricter current limliting, and it is integrated to realize detection, conversion, current limliting, can in Millisecond, limit fast large fault current.

Claims (6)

1. a novel DC superconducting flow restricter, it is characterized in that: comprise the superconducting tape (1) and the D.C. resistance (2) that are in parallel, described superconducting tape (1) is the form that one or more superconducting tapes are in parallel and/or connect, and described D.C. resistance (2) is the form that one or more D.C. resistances are in parallel and/or connect.
2. a kind of Novel DC superconductive current limiter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: by improve the quench speed of superconducting tape in the upper method of adding magnetic field of described superconducting tape (1), improve the ability of its Limited Current, make current limliting rapider.
3. a kind of Novel DC superconductive current limiter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the resistance of described D.C. resistance (2) be after superconducting tape (1) quench resistance 1/5th.
4. a kind of Novel DC superconductive current limiter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: on described superconducting tape (1), be also parallel with overvoltage absorbing device (5), for absorbing the overvoltage at superconducting tape (1) two ends.
5. a kind of Novel DC superconductive current limiter according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described overvoltage absorbing device (5) is zinc oxide arrester.
6. a DC circuit breaker, is characterized in that: cut-off module (3) by the novel DC superconducting flow restricter described in claim 1 to 5 any one and direct current and be in series and form.
CN201410074849.3A 2014-03-03 2014-03-03 Novel DC superconductive current limiter and DC circuit breaker Pending CN103956718A (en)

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CN105281288A (en) * 2015-10-22 2016-01-27 中国科学院电工研究所 Direct current breaker topology with bidirectional blocking function
CN105743114A (en) * 2016-02-29 2016-07-06 全球能源互联网研究院 DC energy absorption device and method for defending receiving end fault of DC power transmission system
CN107134762A (en) * 2017-06-09 2017-09-05 西安交通大学 A kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker and cutoff method
CN109617089A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-04-12 西安交通大学 A kind of reactive power compensator inhibiting function with inrush phenomenon
US10516261B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2019-12-24 Supergrid Institute Interconnection equipment for a high-voltage DC grid
CN111244921A (en) * 2020-03-09 2020-06-05 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Hybrid direct current superconducting current limiter and short-circuit current limiting method
CN115065088A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-16 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 Five-end flexible direct current system additionally provided with superconducting current limiter
CN115566654A (en) * 2022-11-07 2023-01-03 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 Improved hybrid direct current fault current limiter and parameter design method thereof
CN116774103A (en) * 2023-08-24 2023-09-19 国网信息通信产业集团有限公司 Direct current power grid fault detection method and detection terminal

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10516261B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2019-12-24 Supergrid Institute Interconnection equipment for a high-voltage DC grid
CN105281288B (en) * 2015-10-22 2019-01-25 中国科学院电工研究所 A kind of direct-current breaker topology having two-way blocking-up function
CN105281288A (en) * 2015-10-22 2016-01-27 中国科学院电工研究所 Direct current breaker topology with bidirectional blocking function
CN105743114A (en) * 2016-02-29 2016-07-06 全球能源互联网研究院 DC energy absorption device and method for defending receiving end fault of DC power transmission system
CN105743114B (en) * 2016-02-29 2023-11-07 全球能源互联网研究院 Direct-current energy absorbing device and method for resisting receiving end faults of direct-current power transmission system
CN107134762A (en) * 2017-06-09 2017-09-05 西安交通大学 A kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker and cutoff method
CN107134762B (en) * 2017-06-09 2019-05-07 西安交通大学 A kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker and cutoff method
CN109617089A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-04-12 西安交通大学 A kind of reactive power compensator inhibiting function with inrush phenomenon
CN111244921A (en) * 2020-03-09 2020-06-05 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Hybrid direct current superconducting current limiter and short-circuit current limiting method
CN115065088A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-16 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 Five-end flexible direct current system additionally provided with superconducting current limiter
CN115566654A (en) * 2022-11-07 2023-01-03 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 Improved hybrid direct current fault current limiter and parameter design method thereof
CN115566654B (en) * 2022-11-07 2023-03-28 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 Improved hybrid direct current fault current limiter and parameter design method thereof
CN116774103A (en) * 2023-08-24 2023-09-19 国网信息通信产业集团有限公司 Direct current power grid fault detection method and detection terminal
CN116774103B (en) * 2023-08-24 2024-01-09 国网信息通信产业集团有限公司 Direct current power grid fault detection method and detection terminal

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