CN1039545C - Frame type fixed bed electrode electrolyzer and its industrial application - Google Patents
Frame type fixed bed electrode electrolyzer and its industrial application Download PDFInfo
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- CN1039545C CN1039545C CN93112449A CN93112449A CN1039545C CN 1039545 C CN1039545 C CN 1039545C CN 93112449 A CN93112449 A CN 93112449A CN 93112449 A CN93112449 A CN 93112449A CN 1039545 C CN1039545 C CN 1039545C
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- working electrode
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a plate frame fixed bed electrode electrolytic tank which is mainly formed by the combination of two terminal chambers, a plurality of cathode chambers and a plurality of anode chambers, wherein the anode chambers are separated from the cathode chambers by ion exchange membranes. Fixed bed working electrodes formed from wire meshes are placed in the cathode chambers or the anode chambers, non-working electrodes are metal electrodes of stable size, the structure of each non-working electrode is a porous flat plate or a mesh plate, and the flow direction of electrolytes is vertical to the direction of current. The electrolytic tank of the present invention can be extensively suitable for the electrolytic synthesis of organic matter, and is also suitable for the recovery of noble metal, the treatment of waste water and chemical cells using solid electrolytes.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of organic electrolysis synthetic fixed bed electrode electrolyzer that is applicable to.
As everyone knows, in organic electrolytic synthesis.Because the solubleness of reactant in medium is low, speed of reaction is little, therefore ripe and be widely used for the plate electrode electrolyzer of inorganic electrolyte industry, and be not suitable for the organic electrolysis compound probability.Therefore, domestic and international many research workers are devoted to develop the electrolyzer that is applicable to the organism electrolytic synthesis, as US 4,963,241,4,473,449 and JP 8,144,155 patent disclosures a kind of fixed bed electrode electrolyzer, adopt the sense of current structure parallel, can be used for organic decomposition, wastewater treatment and galvanic deposit etc. with the electrolyte flow direction.Studies show that.For organic electrolytic synthesis, not only require electrolytic solution that enough residence time are arranged in bed.And requirement has uniform electromotive force and distribution of current.Certainly will require the time that electrolytic solution flows through in bed to grow like this, and the distance that electric current flows through must be lacked.Therefore, above-mentioned prior art is because it adopts the electrolytic solution structure parallel with direction of current flow.So can not satisfy the requirement of electric current uniform distribution and enough residence time (assurance has higher reaction conversion ratio) simultaneously.DD 276,891 patent disclosures a kind of sense of current and the vertical structure of electrolyte flow direction.It adopts a cathode compartment and an anolyte compartment.Working electrode is the particulate state conducting objects, by some contact conduction between particle.Studies show that, adopt the particulate state conducting objects as working electrode.When electric current flows through.Because liquid is to the particulate wetting action.Weakened intergranular electroconductibility.Easily forming local small battery causes the working condition of electrode to worsen.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art.Provide a kind of simple in structure, compact, easily adorn the frame type fixed bed electrode electrolyzer that readily removable, working electrode conduction situation is good, throughput is big, existing good current potentials distributes, has again higher per pass conversion, can be widely used in organic electrolytic synthesis, also be applicable to the chemical cell of recovery, wastewater treatment and the use solid electrolyte of precious metal.
Design of the present invention is such: (1) said electrolyzer adopts the plate and frame structure, and its two ends respectively are provided with a terminal room, centre
A plurality of cathode compartments and a plurality of anolyte compartment are set, can be by a cathode compartment and an anolyte compartment
Order is arranged in order, and constitutes acyclic type or multipole type structure.Also can be by two cathode compartments
Be arranged in order with the order of an anolyte compartment, constitute the acyclic type structure.Cathode compartment and anode
Separate with ion-exchange membrane between the chamber.At structures such as each cathode compartment, anolyte compartment and electrodes
Be equipped with insulation spacer between the part.Can prevent to leak and satisfy insulating requirements.Cathode compartment and
The quantity of anolyte compartment is decided by industrial scale.(2) said electrolyzer adopts the sense of current and the vertical structure of liquid flow path direction.(3) adopt an overlapped metal silk screen working electrode that fixes.It not only can satisfy the requirement on the production technique, and has overcome the shortcoming that easily produces local microbattery in the prior art.(4) metal electrode that adopts dimensional stabilizing is as the inoperative electrode, its structure be porous flat plate or
Web plate.(5) by fluidic outer circulation forced-flow.Can reinforcing mass transfer.Thereby improve speed of reaction and purpose product selectivity.(6) after whole device is arranged assembling by mentioned above principle.The mode of available routine compresses on press and forms.
The present invention also is achieved in that
Said frame type fixed bed electrode electrolyzer is combined by two terminal rooms, a plurality of cathode compartment and a plurality of anolyte compartment.All separate between anolyte compartment and the cathode compartment with ion-exchange membrane.Be equipped with the porous protecting sheet in the both sides of ion-exchange membrane.The fixed bed working electrode is made of the eclipsed wire cloth.Its voidage is 0.3～0.9; The inoperative electrode is the metal electrode of dimensional stabilizing, and its structure is porous flat plate or web plate.
Wherein said terminal room can be the anolyte compartment.Can be cathode compartment also, decide on working condition requirement.It is mainly by end plaste, and male or female unit framework and battery lead plate are formed.Because terminal room is non-working electrode unit, so above-mentioned male or female unit framework is inoperative electrode unit framework.
The working electrode unit can be a cathode compartment, can be the anolyte compartment also, decides on working condition requirement.It mainly is made up of working electrode unit framework, fixed bed working electrode and conducting plates.
The inoperative electrode unit can be that the anolyte compartment can be a cathode compartment also, decides on working condition requirement.It mainly is made up of two battery lead plates and an inoperative electrode unit framework.
Between all members such as end plaste, inoperative electrode unit framework, battery lead plate, working electrode unit framework, conducting plates and porous protecting sheet, be equipped with insulation spacer, can prevent to leak and satisfy insulating requirements.Its material can be chloroprene rubber, tetrafluoroethylene or poly-trifluoro-ethylene etc.
Inoperative electrode unit framework and working electrode unit framework structure similar.Be equipped with electrolytic solution intake vent and uniform hole in their bottom, then be provided with electrolytic solution (anolyte or catholyte) outlet pipe at the top, vertical to guarantee the electrolyte flow direction with the sense of current.The thickness of working electrode unit framework is an important parameters, and it is all influential to the factors such as throughput, bed utilization ratio, current efficiency and capacity usage ratio of electrolyzer.Can choose in 1～10cm, suitable scope is 2～6cm.The thickness of inoperative electrode unit framework can be the same with the working electrode unit framework, can also be different, and preferred thickness is 1～5cm.
Be arranged at the porous protecting sheet of ion-exchange membrane both sides.Except playing the protection ion-exchange membrane.Also can work to regulate interpole gap.Therefore its thickness can be selected in 1～5 millimeter scope.
All members such as the working electrode unit framework of electrolyzer, inoperative electrode unit framework, end plaste, porous protecting sheet all can adopt resistant metal.Material such as engineering plastics or rubber is made.
Whole electrolyzer is according to engine request, is arranged in order to assemble the back and compress on press and form.Illustrate content of the present invention (for ease of explanation, getting negative electrode here is working electrode, and anode is the inoperative electrode) below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the sectional front view of a frame type fixed bed electrode electrolyzer that assembles.
Wherein: the 1-end plaste; 2-anode unit framework;
The 3-positive plate; 4-cathode electrode unit framework;
5-fixed bed working electrode; 6-negative electrode conducting plates;
The 7-ion-exchange membrane; 8-porous protecting sheet;
The 9-insulation spacer; 13-catholyte outlet pipe;
15-anolyte outlet pipe; 17-electrolytic solution intake vent.
Electrolyzer shown in Figure 1 is the electrolyzer of acyclic type structure, is provided with
6 cathode compartment: N
1, N
2, N
3, N
4, N
5, N
6,
Two anolyte compartment: P
1, P
2,
Two terminal anode chamber: T
1, T
2
Two adjacent cathode compartments are (as N
1, N
2) a shared negative electrode conducting plates 6.
Obviously, according to the difference of processing power, anolyte compartment and cathode compartment number can be less than or more than illustrated number.Therefore electrolyzer shown in Figure 1 does not limit the scope of the invention.
Terminal anode chamber T
1Or T
2Mainly by end plaste 1, anode unit framework 2 and positive plate 3 are formed, the bottom of anode unit framework is provided with passage 17, be circumscribed with anolyte inlet pipe 14 (not drawing on Fig. 1), it is indoor that anolyte also enters terminal anode by uniform hole 16 (not drawing on Fig. 1) by inlet pipe 14 admission passages 17, the top of anode unit framework is provided with anolyte outlet pipe 15, and positive plate 3 is the metal anode of dimensional stabilizing, and its structure is porous flat plate or web plate.
Cathode compartment N
1, N
2, N
3, N
4, N
5, N
6Mainly form by cathode electrode unit framework 4, fixed bed working electrode 5 and negative electrode conducting plates 6, the fixed bed working electrode be a metalloid silk screen it can be plate, it also can be ripple type, be provided with passage 17 in the bottom of cathode electrode unit framework, be circumscribed with catholyte inlet pipe 12 (not drawing on Fig. 1), catholyte is also entered in the cathode compartment by uniform hole 16 (not drawing on Fig. 1) by inlet pipe 12 admission passages 17, and the top of cathode electrode unit framework is provided with catholyte outlet pipe 13.
The P of anolyte compartment
1, P
2Mainly be made up of two positive plates 3 and an anode unit framework 2, all the other structures and terminal anode chamber are together.
For preventing to leak; at end plaste 1; anode unit framework 2; positive plate 3; porous protecting sheet 8; cathode electrode unit framework 4 is equipped with insulation spacer 9 (not drawing among the insulation spacer Fig. 1 between partial component) between all members such as negative electrode conducting plates 6, and its material can be chloroprene rubber or tetrafluoroethylene, poly-trifluoro-ethylene etc.
Between anolyte compartment and cathode compartment, separate with ion-exchange membrane 7.In order to protect ion-exchange membrane 7, respectively be provided with a porous protecting sheet 8 in its both sides, this plate can also play a part to regulate interpole gap, so its thickness can be selected in 1-5 millimeter scope except playing protection ion-exchange membrane 7.
Said electrolyzer assembles according to mentioned above principle (shown in Figure 1 puts in order), adopts conventional mode to compress on press.
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of electrolyzer shown in Figure 1.
Wherein: 10-anode connection plate, 11-cathode connection plate,
12-catholyte inlet pipe, 13-catholyte outlet pipe,
14-anolyte inlet pipe, 15-anolyte outlet pipe,
Fig. 3 is the cathode electrode unit frame construction drawing
Wherein: 4-cathode electrode unit framework, 12-catholyte inlet pipe,
13-catholyte outlet pipe, the uniform hole of 16-,
Catholyte enters cathode compartment by catholyte inlet pipe admission passage 17 (not drawing on the figure) through the uniform hole 16 of electrolytic solution.How much deciding of uniform hole 16 on the scantlings of the structure size of processing power and cathode electrode unit framework.Usually be at least one, be illustrated as the cathode electrode unit framework that has 4 uniform holes.
Its structure of the framework of anode unit and cathode electrode unit framework are similar.The material of the two can be resistant metal, engineering plastics or rubber etc.The cathode electrode unit frame thickness is an important parameter, and it is all influential to factors such as electrolyzer throughput, bed utilization ratio, current efficiency and capacity usage ratios, can choose in 1-10 centimetre, and preferred range is 2-6 centimetre.The thickness of anode unit framework can be the same with the cathode electrode unit framework, can also be different, and preferred thickness is 1-5 centimetre.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of fixed bed working electrode with wire cloth.
Wherein: (a) be window screening shape wire cloth, as copper wire gauze, Stainless Steel Cloth etc.;
(b) be special grid type wire mesh structure, this grid type silk
Net can have different overlap modes.Can be by Fig. 4's (b)
Form stacks grid from level to level; It can also be mat woven of fine bamboo strips one deck
Press the form of Fig. 4 (b), the second layer shows net with Fig. 4 (b)
Lattice rotation unspecified angle (as 90 degree), three layers same first of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips
Layer, the 4th layer of same second layer, by that analogy.From mass transfer effect
See that the latter is better than the former.
In addition, (a) or (b) all can be processed into wave structure, overlaping then is packed in the cathode electrode unit framework,
The voidage of fixed bed working electrode is 0.3-0.9, and suitable voidage is 0.4～0.8, and as for the geometric area that the length and the width of fixed bed working electrode depends on electrode, industrial scale is with the factors such as requirement with concrete process object.
Further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with application example, but therefore do not limit range of application of the present invention.
Applicating example:
Electrolyzer of the present invention is used for the oil of mirbane electrolytic reduction and prepares p-aminophenol, and Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of this process.
Wherein:
18-is a cathode compartment;
19-is the anolyte compartment;
20a, 20b, 20c, 20d-are thief hole;
21a, 21b-are gas-liquid separator;
22a-is the anolyte storage tank, and anolyte can be imported anode after metering by pump
In the chamber;
22b-is the catholyte storage tank.Catholyte can be imported negative electrode after metering by pump
In the chamber;
23a, 23b-are thermometer;
24a, 24b-are heating unit, and they are respectively with anolyte, catholyte preheating
To suitable temperature of reaction;
25a-anolyte Send out pump;
25b-negative electrode Send out pump;
26a, 26b-are under meter;
27a, 27b, 27c, 27d-are variable valve.
In this example, all members such as the anode unit framework of electrolyzer, cathode electrode unit framework, end plaste, porous plate all adopt engineering plastics, make as polypropylene.Anode adopts the ti-supported lead dioxide electric pole in porous band tin antimony middle layer, because it is anti-corrosion fully, has guaranteed the stable of anode dimension.The fixed bed working electrode adopts the wire cloth (copper wire gauze) of structure shown in Fig. 4 (a).The voidage of its bed is 0.8, and the negative electrode conducting plates adopts copper coin, and ion-exchange membrane adopts the commercially available F-46 cationic exchange membrane after improving.Insulation spacer adopts tetrafluoroethylene.
During starting: anolyte and catholyte are squeezed into electrolyzer by transferpump 25a, 25b respectively and are formed circulation, provide certain electric current to avoid the dissolving of cathode copper simultaneously.When the electrolytic solution in the storage tank (anolyte and catholyte) heating reaches temperature of reaction.Feed rated current and carry out reduction reaction (the electrode part is not drawn among the figure).
This process appropriate processing condition is:
The H of anolyte: 15-25% (wt)
2SO
4The aqueous solution.
Catholyte: be 15-25% (Wt) H that contains saturated oil of mirbane
2SO
4The aqueous solution,
Temperature of reaction: 80 ℃-90 ℃.
The linear velocity of electrolyzer electrolyte inside: 2-4 cel.
How much current densities: 9-15 peace/square decimeter.
Bath voltage: 2.3-2.7 volt.
React and get 150 milliliters of electrolytic solution after 6-10 hour, it is right to obtain 9 grams through separation
Amino-phenol, purity are 99%, 189 ℃ of fusing points.
The yield of this process is 70%, and current efficiency is 81%.
In sum as seen,, all can conceive, realize other organic electrolytic synthesis, the recovery of precious metal, wastewater treatment and the chemical cell that uses solid electrolyte according to the present invention for present technique field general engineering technology personnel.
Claims (4)
1. frame type fixed bed electrode electrolyzer is characterized in that:
(1) said electrolyzer is by two terminal rooms, a plurality of cathode compartments and a plurality of anolyte compartment combine, all separate between anolyte compartment and the cathode compartment with ion-exchange membrane, be provided with the porous protecting sheet in the both sides of ion-exchange membrane, the fixed bed working electrode is made of the eclipsed wire cloth, its voidage is 0.3-0.9, and the inoperative electrode is the metal electrode of dimensional stabilizing, and structure is porous flat plate or web plate;
(2) said terminal room mainly is made up of end plaste, male or female unit framework and battery lead plate:
(3) said working electrode unit mainly is made up of working electrode unit framework, fixed bed working electrode and conducting plates, should adopt the acyclic type structure usually, and be about to two working electrode unit and fit together, and a shared conducting plates 6;
(4) said inoperative electrode unit mainly is made up of two battery lead plates and an inoperative electrode framework;
(5) between end plaste, inoperative electrode unit framework, battery lead plate, working electrode unit framework, conducting plates and all members of porous protecting sheet, be equipped with insulation spacer;
(6) be equipped with passage and uniform hole in the bottom of inoperative electrode unit framework and working electrode unit framework, then be respectively equipped with the electrolyte outlet pipe at the top, perpendicular with the flow direction and the sense of current that guarantee electrolytic solution (comprising anolyte and catholyte);
On press, compress after (7) whole electrolyzer assembles successively.
2. electrolyzer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said fixed bed working electrode forms by the wire cloth of window screening shape, fenestral fabric is overlapping, or overlapping the forming of ripple packing that is pressed into by the wire cloth of above-mentioned shape.
3. electrolyzer as claimed in claim 1 or 2.The voidage that it is characterized in that said fixed bed working electrode is 0.4-0.8.
4. when being used for electrolytic reduction and preparing p-aminophenol as the described electrolyzer of one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the processing condition of electrolytic process are:
(1) anolyte is 15-25% (wt) H
2SO
4The aqueous solution, catholyte are 15-25% (wt) H that contains oil of mirbane
2SO
4The aqueous solution;
(2) temperature of reaction is 80 ℃-90 ℃;
(3) linear velocity of electrolytic solution (comprising anolyte and catholyte) is the 2-4 cel;
(4) how much current densities are 9-15 peace/square decimeter;
(5) bath voltage is the 2.3-2.7 volt.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93112449A CN1039545C (en) | 1993-05-31 | 1993-05-31 | Frame type fixed bed electrode electrolyzer and its industrial application |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93112449A CN1039545C (en) | 1993-05-31 | 1993-05-31 | Frame type fixed bed electrode electrolyzer and its industrial application |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1083871A CN1083871A (en) | 1994-03-16 |
| CN1039545C true CN1039545C (en) | 1998-08-19 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN93112449A Expired - Fee Related CN1039545C (en) | 1993-05-31 | 1993-05-31 | Frame type fixed bed electrode electrolyzer and its industrial application |
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| CN105951121B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2018-03-06 | 安庆师范大学 | A kind of method that ionic liquid auxiliary electrocatalytic oxidation prepares phenol |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4539080A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1985-09-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electro organic method and apparatus for carrying out same |
| JPS6220891A (en) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-01-29 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Method for electrolytically collecting metal from aqueous solution containing minor amount of metal |
| CN1064900A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1992-09-30 | 大同市有机化工厂 | Electrolytic reduction is produced the technology and the device thereof of p-aminophenol |
| JP4078486B2 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2008-04-23 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | Evaluation execution program, evaluation apparatus, evaluation method, and evaluation system |
-
1993
- 1993-05-31 CN CN93112449A patent/CN1039545C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4539080A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1985-09-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electro organic method and apparatus for carrying out same |
| JPS6220891A (en) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-01-29 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Method for electrolytically collecting metal from aqueous solution containing minor amount of metal |
| CN1064900A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1992-09-30 | 大同市有机化工厂 | Electrolytic reduction is produced the technology and the device thereof of p-aminophenol |
| JP4078486B2 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2008-04-23 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | Evaluation execution program, evaluation apparatus, evaluation method, and evaluation system |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1083871A (en) | 1994-03-16 |
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