CN103949917A - Ring type workpiece fixing device - Google Patents
Ring type workpiece fixing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103949917A CN103949917A CN201410199277.1A CN201410199277A CN103949917A CN 103949917 A CN103949917 A CN 103949917A CN 201410199277 A CN201410199277 A CN 201410199277A CN 103949917 A CN103949917 A CN 103949917A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
- B23Q3/065—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding workpieces being specially deformable, e.g. made from thin-walled or elastic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2703/00—Work clamping
- B23Q2703/02—Work clamping means
- B23Q2703/10—Devices for clamping workpieces of a particular form or made from a particular material
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Abstract
一种环类工件固定装置,分为内、外固定装置两部分,其中内、外固定装置均由固定环、压紧环和连接环组成。本发明用于环类工件单件或多件层叠组合车削加工内、外圆面时的工件固定,可以给工件提供可调的轴向静压力,在加工工件外圆面时使用内固定装置,加工内圆面时使用外固定装置。本发明在使用时通过力矩扳手按一定顺序调节压紧点上的各第一螺钉,拧紧力通过导向柱传递到钢珠上,而由于导向套的导向以及钢珠的点接触,拧紧力转变为轴向正压力,钢珠通过垫片压紧工件实现对工件的固定装夹,最终工件只受轴向力,径向力及切向力为零,使得工件装夹变形最小,能够保证工件加工的圆柱度、同轴度及组合加工工件的一致性。
A ring workpiece fixing device is divided into two parts, an inner fixing device and an outer fixing device, wherein both the inner and outer fixing devices are composed of a fixing ring, a pressing ring and a connecting ring. The present invention is used for workpiece fixation when one or more pieces of ring workpieces are stacked and combined to process the inner and outer circular surfaces, and can provide adjustable axial static pressure for the workpieces. When processing the outer circular surfaces of the workpieces, the internal fixing device is used, Use external fixtures when machining inner circles. When the present invention is in use, each first screw on the pressing point is adjusted in a certain order by a torque wrench, and the tightening force is transmitted to the steel ball through the guide column, and due to the guidance of the guide sleeve and the point contact of the steel ball, the tightening force is transformed into an axial direction. Positive pressure, the steel ball presses the workpiece through the gasket to realize the fixed clamping of the workpiece. Finally, the workpiece is only subjected to axial force, and the radial force and tangential force are zero, so that the clamping deformation of the workpiece is minimal, and the cylindricity of the workpiece can be guaranteed. , Coaxiality and the consistency of combined processing workpieces.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种环类工件固定装置,用于环类工件单件或多件层叠组合车削加工内、外圆面时对工件的固定装夹,可实现微变形装夹,保证内、外圆面车削加工的尺寸及形位精度。The invention relates to a ring-type workpiece fixing device, which is used for fixing and clamping the workpiece when a single piece or multiple pieces of the ring-type workpiece are stacked and combined to process the inner and outer circular surfaces. Dimensional and shape accuracy of surface turning.
背景技术Background technique
普通工件在机械加工时,一般使用压板装夹的方式进行固定,但对于环类工件车削加工内、外圆面来说,若采用端面压板装夹的方式,则除了轴向的压紧力以外,必然带来径向或者切向分力,导致环类工件尤其是低刚性环类工件的变形,影响加工精度;若采用内圆或外圆顶装夹的方式,则顶紧力不易控制,易导致装夹力不足或者装加力过大引起工件变形,且该方法无法用于多件层叠组合加工。因此,现有的装夹方法对于环类尤其是低刚性环类工件,会导致工件受力变形,使得加工精度受到影响。When ordinary workpieces are machined, they are usually fixed by clamping with clamps, but for turning inner and outer circular surfaces of ring workpieces, if clamping with end clamps is used, in addition to the axial compressive force , will inevitably bring radial or tangential force, which will lead to the deformation of ring workpieces, especially low rigidity ring workpieces, and affect the machining accuracy; if the inner circle or outer dome clamping method is used, the clamping force is not easy to control It is easy to cause insufficient clamping force or excessive clamping force to cause deformation of the workpiece, and this method cannot be used for multi-piece stacking and combined processing. Therefore, for ring workpieces, especially low-rigidity ring workpieces, the existing clamping methods will cause the workpiece to be deformed by force, which will affect the machining accuracy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术中压板装夹环类工件带来的变形问题,提供一种环类工件固定装置,该装置给工件施加可调轴向静压力,使得环类工件装夹变形最小,并满足内、外圆面车削需要的固定装置。The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deformation problem caused by clamping ring workpieces in the prior art, and to provide a ring workpiece fixing device, which applies an adjustable axial static pressure to the workpiece, so that the ring workpiece The clamping deformation is the smallest, and it is a fixture that meets the needs of inner and outer circular turning.
本发明的技术方案为:一种环类工件固定装置,包括内固定装置和外固定装置,所述内固定装置包括内固定环、内压紧环和内连接环;所述内固定环为圆环形结构,在内固定环上轴向圆周均布开有用于与外部车床台面固定的螺钉过孔;所述内压紧环为圆环形结构,内压紧环的外环面上圆周均布有用于固定环类工件的压紧点;所述的内固定环与内压紧环通过内连接环固定连接,内连接环上圆周均布开有径向通孔;所述内固定环与内连接环的外径相等,所述内压紧环的外径均大于内固定环与内连接环;The technical solution of the present invention is: a ring workpiece fixing device, including an inner fixing device and an outer fixing device, the inner fixing device includes an inner fixing ring, an inner pressing ring and an inner connecting ring; the inner fixing ring is a circle Ring structure, the axial circumference of the inner fixing ring is evenly distributed with screw holes for fixing with the table top of the external lathe; the inner compression ring is a ring structure, and the outer ring surface of the inner compression ring is uniform There are compression points for fixing ring workpieces; the inner fixing ring and the inner compression ring are fixedly connected through the inner connecting ring, and radial through holes are evenly distributed on the inner circumference of the inner connecting ring; the inner fixing ring and the inner fixing ring are connected The outer diameters of the inner connecting rings are equal, and the outer diameters of the inner pressing rings are larger than the inner fixing ring and the inner connecting ring;
所述外固定装置包括外固定环、外压紧环和外连接环;所述外固定环为圆环形结构,外固定环上轴向圆周均布开有用于与外部车床台面固定的螺钉过孔;所述外压紧环为圆环形结构,外压紧环的内环面上圆周均布有用于固定环类工件的压紧点;所述的外固定环与外压紧环通过外连接环固定连接,外连接环上圆周均布开有径向通孔;所述外固定环与外连接环的内径相等,所述外压紧环的内径均小于外固定环与外连接环。The external fixing device includes an outer fixing ring, an outer pressing ring and an outer connecting ring; the outer fixing ring has a circular structure, and the outer fixing ring is uniformly distributed with screws for fixing with the table top of the external lathe. holes; the outer clamping ring is a circular structure, and the inner circumference of the outer clamping ring is evenly distributed with pressing points for fixing ring workpieces; the outer fixing ring and the outer clamping ring pass through the outer The connecting ring is fixedly connected, and radial through holes are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the outer connecting ring; the inner diameters of the outer fixing ring and the outer connecting ring are equal, and the inner diameters of the outer pressing ring are smaller than the outer fixing ring and the outer connecting ring.
所述的压紧点包括导向柱、导向套、钢珠、垫片、第一螺钉;第一螺钉安装在压紧点处的轴向螺纹孔内,导向套安装在位于上述螺纹孔下方的轴向沉孔内,导向套与所述沉孔过盈配合;导向柱和钢珠均安装在导向套内,导向柱与导向套间隙配合,钢珠与导向套过渡配合,通过导向套限制导向柱及钢珠沿轴向运动;导向柱的上端面与第一螺钉接触,导向柱的下端面与钢珠的上端接触,钢珠的下端与垫片的上端面接触,垫片的下端面与环类工件接触。The pressing point includes a guide column, a guide sleeve, a steel ball, a gasket, and a first screw; the first screw is installed in the axial threaded hole at the pressing point, and the guide sleeve is installed in the axial threaded hole below the above-mentioned threaded hole. In the counterbore, the guide sleeve is interference fit with the counterbore; the guide column and the steel ball are installed in the guide sleeve, the guide column and the guide sleeve are in clearance fit, the steel ball and the guide sleeve are transitionally matched, and the guide column and the steel ball are restricted along the guide sleeve. Axial movement; the upper end surface of the guide column is in contact with the first screw, the lower end surface of the guide column is in contact with the upper end of the steel ball, the lower end of the steel ball is in contact with the upper end surface of the gasket, and the lower end surface of the gasket is in contact with the ring workpiece.
所述导向柱、导向套、钢珠与垫片的硬度均为HRC36~66。The hardness of the guide column, the guide sleeve, the steel ball and the spacer are all HRC36-66.
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于:本发明通过对环类工件提供多点可调的轴向静压力,使工件在固定时不受径向力及切向力,因此工件的装夹变形最小,可有效地保证工件内、外圆面车削加工的尺寸精度、圆柱度;本发明通过调节各压紧点第一螺钉的拧紧力矩,可调整各压紧点的压紧力,使得工件的变形可控;本发明的内、外固定装置可同时作用于工件上,使得内、外圆加工装夹转换时,工件状态保持不变,可有效地保证工件内、外圆面加工的同轴度;本发明通过对工件施加多点可调的轴向静压力进行固定,同时内、外圆加工装夹转换时工件状态不变,因此对低刚性、大直径环类工件加工以及环类工件多件层叠组合加工的装夹变形控制效果极佳,且可保证多件组合加工的一致性。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that: the present invention provides multi-point adjustable axial static pressure on the ring workpiece, so that the workpiece is not subjected to radial force and tangential force when it is fixed, so the clamping of the workpiece The deformation is the smallest, which can effectively guarantee the dimensional accuracy and cylindricity of the turning process of the inner and outer circular surfaces of the workpiece; the present invention can adjust the pressing force of each pressing point by adjusting the tightening torque of the first screw at each pressing point, so that the workpiece The deformation of the workpiece is controllable; the inner and outer fixing devices of the present invention can act on the workpiece at the same time, so that when the inner and outer circles are processed and clamped, the state of the workpiece remains unchanged, which can effectively ensure the simultaneous processing of the inner and outer circles of the workpiece. Axis; the invention fixes the workpiece by applying multi-point adjustable axial static pressure, and at the same time, the state of the workpiece remains unchanged when the inner and outer circles are processed and clamped, so it is suitable for processing low rigidity, large diameter ring workpieces and rings The clamping deformation control effect of multi-piece stacked combined processing of workpieces is excellent, and the consistency of multi-piece combined processing can be guaranteed.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的环类工件内固定装置三维示意图;Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an internal fixation device for ring workpieces of the present invention;
图2为本发明的环类工件内固定装置结构图;Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the internal fixation device for ring workpieces of the present invention;
图3为本发明的环类工件外固定装置三维示意图;Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the ring workpiece external fixation device of the present invention;
图4为本发明的环类工件外固定装置结构图;Fig. 4 is the structural diagram of the ring type workpiece external fixing device of the present invention;
图5-图7为本发明装置工作方法流程示意图。5-7 are schematic flow charts of the working method of the device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明一种环类工件固定装置,包括内固定装置I和外固定装置II,所述内固定装置I结构如图1、2所示,包括内固定环11、内压紧环12和内连接环13;所述内固定环11为圆环形结构,在内固定环11上轴向圆周均布开有用于与外部车床台面22固定的螺钉过孔;所述内压紧环12为圆环形结构,内压紧环12的外环面上圆周均布有用于固定环类工件III的压紧点10;所述的内固定环11与内压紧环12通过内连接环13固定连接,内连接环13上圆周均布开有径向通孔;所述内固定环11与内连接环13的外径相等,所述内压紧环12的外径均大于内固定环11与内连接环13。The present invention is a kind of ring type workpiece fixing device, comprises inner fixing device I and outer fixing device II, and described inner fixing device I structure is shown in Figure 1, 2, comprises inner fixing ring 11, inner compression ring 12 and inner connection Ring 13; the inner fixing ring 11 is a circular ring structure, and the inner fixing ring 11 is evenly distributed on the axial circumference of the inner fixing ring 11. There are screw holes for fixing with the external lathe table 22; the inner pressing ring 12 is a ring Shaped structure, the circumference of the outer ring surface of the inner compression ring 12 is evenly distributed with compression points 10 for the fixed ring type workpiece III; the inner fixed ring 11 and the inner compression ring 12 are fixedly connected by the inner connection ring 13, The upper circumference of the inner connecting ring 13 is evenly distributed with radial through holes; the outer diameters of the inner fixing ring 11 and the inner connecting ring 13 are equal, and the outer diameters of the inner pressing ring 12 are larger than the inner fixing ring 11 and the inner connecting ring 11. Ring 13.
所述外固定装置II结构如图3、4所示,包括外固定环14、外压紧环15和外连接环16;所述外固定环14为圆环形结构,外固定环14上轴向圆周均布开有用于与外部车床台面22固定的螺钉过孔;所述外压紧环15为圆环形结构,外压紧环15的内环面上圆周均布有用于固定环类工件III的压紧点10;所述的外固定环14与外压紧环15通过外连接环16固定连接,外连接环16上圆周均布开有径向通孔;所述外固定环14与外连接环16的内径相等,所述外压紧环15的内径均小于外固定环14与外连接环16。Described external fixator II structure as shown in Figure 3, 4, comprises outer fixation ring 14, outer compression ring 15 and outer connecting ring 16; There are screw holes for fixing with the external lathe table 22 evenly distributed on the circumference; the outer compression ring 15 is a circular structure, and the inner ring surface of the outer compression ring 15 is evenly distributed with holes for fixing ring workpieces. The pressing point 10 of III; the outer fixing ring 14 and the outer pressing ring 15 are fixedly connected by the outer connecting ring 16, and the outer connecting ring 16 is evenly distributed with radial through holes on the circumference; the outer fixing ring 14 and The inner diameters of the outer connecting rings 16 are equal, and the inner diameters of the outer pressing ring 15 are smaller than the outer fixing ring 14 and the outer connecting ring 16 .
如图2、4所示,所述压紧点10包括导向柱2、导向套3、钢珠4、垫片5、第一螺钉6组成。第一螺钉6安装在压紧点10中心的轴向螺纹孔内,导向套3安装在螺纹孔下方的同轴沉孔内,导向套3与所述沉孔过盈配合;导向柱2与导向套3间隙配合,钢珠4与导向套3过渡配合,通过导向套3限制导向柱2及钢珠4沿轴向运动;导向柱2的上端面与第一螺钉6接触,导向柱2的下端面与钢珠4的上端接触,钢珠4的下端与垫片5的上端面接触,垫片5的下端面与环类工件III接触。拧紧第一螺钉6时,第一螺钉6推动导向柱2向下运动,导向柱2推动钢珠4,钢珠4通过垫片5压紧环类工件III。导向套3限制导向柱2和钢珠4只能沿着平行于环类工件III轴线的方向运动,对第一螺钉5的拧紧力通过导向柱2传递到钢珠4上,钢珠4产生轴向压力;第一螺钉6拧紧时会带动导向柱2旋转,但钢珠4与导向柱2和垫片5均为点接触,不会随导向柱2旋转而产生水平分力,钢珠4通过垫片5压紧环类工件III,最终环类工件III只受轴向力,而不受径向力及切向力。每个压紧点10的压紧力通过调节第一螺钉6的拧紧力矩可调。所述导向柱2、导向套3、钢珠4与垫片5的硬度均为HRC36~66。As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 , the pressing point 10 includes a guide column 2 , a guide sleeve 3 , a steel ball 4 , a washer 5 and a first screw 6 . The first screw 6 is installed in the axial threaded hole at the center of the pressing point 10, the guide sleeve 3 is installed in the coaxial counterbore below the threaded hole, and the guide sleeve 3 is interference fit with the counterbore; the guide post 2 and the guide The sleeve 3 is clearance fit, and the steel ball 4 is transitionally matched with the guide sleeve 3, and the guide column 2 and the steel ball 4 are restricted from moving axially by the guide sleeve 3; the upper end surface of the guide column 2 is in contact with the first screw 6, and the lower end surface of the guide column 2 is in contact with the first screw 6. The upper end of the steel ball 4 is in contact, the lower end of the steel ball 4 is in contact with the upper end surface of the gasket 5, and the lower end surface of the gasket 5 is in contact with the ring workpiece III. When the first screw 6 is tightened, the first screw 6 pushes the guide post 2 to move downward, the guide post 2 pushes the steel ball 4, and the steel ball 4 presses the ring workpiece III through the gasket 5. The guide sleeve 3 restricts the guide column 2 and the steel ball 4 to move only in a direction parallel to the axis of the ring workpiece III, and the tightening force on the first screw 5 is transmitted to the steel ball 4 through the guide column 2, and the steel ball 4 generates axial pressure; When the first screw 6 is tightened, it will drive the guide column 2 to rotate, but the steel ball 4 is in point contact with the guide column 2 and the gasket 5, and will not generate horizontal component force with the rotation of the guide column 2, and the steel ball 4 is compressed by the gasket 5 Ring type workpiece III, the final ring type workpiece III is only subjected to axial force, not radial force and tangential force. The pressing force of each pressing point 10 is adjustable by adjusting the tightening torque of the first screw 6 . The hardness of the guide column 2, the guide sleeve 3, the steel ball 4 and the gasket 5 are all HRC36-66.
下面参照附图,对本发明装置的具体的工作介绍如下:Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the concrete work of device of the present invention is introduced as follows:
步骤一:如图2、5所示,首先将环类工件III放置在车床台面22上,并找正圆心;然后采用第二螺钉21将内固定装置I固定在车床台面22上;将垫片5放进环类工件III上端面对应各压紧点10的位置;Step 1: As shown in Figures 2 and 5, first place the ring workpiece III on the lathe table 22, and find the center of the circle; then use the second screw 21 to fix the internal fixing device I on the lathe table 22; place the gasket 5 Put it into the position corresponding to each pressing point 10 on the upper end surface of the ring workpiece III;
步骤二:利用力矩扳手对各第一螺钉6分步加力拧紧,完成对环类工件III的固定;为确保环类工件III在拧紧过程中发生的变形满足变形阈值,在环类工件III外圆面架百分表或千分表IV,实时监控环类工件III变形情况;完成环类工件III固定后,撤除百分表或千分表IV,进行外圆面车削加工;Step 2: Use a torque wrench to tighten the first screws 6 step by step to complete the fixation of the ring workpiece III; Dial indicator or dial indicator IV on the round face frame, real-time monitoring of the deformation of the ring workpiece III; after the ring workpiece III is fixed, the dial indicator or dial indicator IV is removed, and the outer circular surface turning is performed;
步骤三:如图2、4、6所示,将垫片5放在环类工件III上端面对应外固定装置II压紧点10的位置;然后采用第二螺钉21将外固定装置II固定在车床台面22上;Step 3: As shown in Figures 2, 4, and 6, place the gasket 5 on the upper end surface of the ring workpiece III at the position corresponding to the pressing point 10 of the external fixation device II; then use the second screw 21 to fix the external fixation device II on the lathe table 22;
步骤四:利用力矩扳手对各第一螺钉6分步加力拧紧,完成对环类工件III的固定;为确保环类工件III在拧紧过程中发生的变形满足变形阈值,通过外连接环16上的侧面通孔在环类工件III外圆面架百分表或千分表IV,实时监控环类工件III变形情况;Step 4: Use a torque wrench to tighten the first screws 6 step by step to complete the fixation of the ring workpiece III; in order to ensure that the deformation of the ring workpiece III during the tightening process meets the deformation threshold, the external connection ring 16 The through hole on the side of the ring workpiece III is equipped with a dial indicator or dial indicator IV, and the deformation of the ring workpiece III is monitored in real time;
步骤五:如图2、4、7所示,完成环类工件III固定后,撤除百分表或千分表IV,松开内固定装置I上的第一螺钉6,拆除内固定装置I上的第二螺钉21,撤除内固定装置I,进行内圆面车削加工,最终完成对环类工件III的加工。Step 5: As shown in Figures 2, 4, and 7, after the ring workpiece III is fixed, remove the dial gauge or dial gauge IV, loosen the first screw 6 on the internal fixation device I, and remove the internal fixation device I. The second screw 21 is removed, the internal fixation device I is removed, and the inner circle surface turning process is carried out, and finally the processing of the ring workpiece III is completed.
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属本领域技术人员的公知技术。The content that is not described in detail in the description of the present invention belongs to the well-known technology of those skilled in the art.
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CN110370034A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | A kind of fixture of the slim annular workpieces of turning |
CN112604604A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-06 | 河南黄河田中科美压力设备有限公司 | Steel ring and big cushion block connecting device of cubic apparatus diamond synthetic press |
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