CN103949158B - Hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof and dissociation methods - Google Patents
Hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof and dissociation methods Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof and dissociation methods, utilize centre wavelength be 200 nanometers ultrashort resonance ultraviolet pulse by the electron excitation in hydrogen and isotopic molecule ion thereof to solution amorph, then utilize centre wavelength be 25.6 microns terahertz pulse (11.7 Terahertz) control separate amorph power on son motion, realize the control to hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation process thereof, and then for the control of chemical reaction process.Analog result shows, for H
2 +, the present invention can by the Electronic Control in the solution amorph of 99.3% on selected nucleon, to D
2 +and T
2 +, the present invention can realize the control rate of dissociating of 98.9% and 98.2%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydrogen and isotope thereof, particularly a kind of hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof and dissociation methods.
Background technology
Nearly decades, the motion controlling electronics and other molecular fragments in chemical reaction is the focus of scientific research always.The free-revving engine controlling the motion of molecule relic is by optionally disconnecting or linking a certain chemical bond, thus realizes the object controlling chemical reaction product.Along with the appearance of the Few-cycle pulse laser of the development of laser technology, particularly phase stabilization, make to utilize laser controlling molecule dissociate and chemical reaction becomes a reality.
Utilize pulse laser to control the dissociating and chemical reaction of molecule, at present in experiment usually using ultrashort near-infrared pulse as pumping and probe source.To D
2 +, experimental result shows: near infrared light pulse only can reach control rate of the dissociating [bibliography: M.F.Kling, Ch.Siedschlag of 55.5%, A.J.Verhoef, J.I.Khan, M.Schultze, Th.Uphues, Y.Ni, M.Uiberacker, M.Drescher, F.Krausz, M.J.J.Vrakking1, " ControlofElectronLocalizationinMolecularDissociation, " Science312246-248 (2006).]。Therefore, the dissociate control effects of existing technological means to hydrogen and isotopic molecule ion thereof is very poor, says nothing of dissociating of the larger molecule of quality and controls.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve above-mentioned ultrashort near infrared light pulse dissociating and problem that the control efficiency of chemical reaction is low to molecule, provides a kind of hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof and dissociation methods.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof, its feature is that the formation of this device comprises ti sapphire laser, Laser output direction along this ti sapphire laser is spectroscope, incident light is divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam by this spectroscope, terahertz pulse generation device, the second adjustable diaphragm and vacuum chamber successively in folded light beam direction, air nozzle is provided with at this vacuum chamber Inner, be accelerating electrode, micro-channel plate detector, Visible-light CCD successively in the side of this air nozzle, a wall of this Visible-light CCD and described vacuum chamber is tightly connected; Described transmitted light beam enters the air nozzle of vacuum chamber successively through 4 frequency multiplication sheets of the time delays device of the first total reflective mirror, the second total reflective mirror composition, 800 nanometer laser pulses, pulsed light grid compressed tablet, the 3rd total reflective mirror and the first adjustable diaphragm, described air nozzle is connected with gas bottle by flexible pipe through control valve; Gas cylinder has three, and the inside is equipped with liquid H respectively
2, D
2and T
2gas, one of them is connected with control valve, another two for subsequent use.
The method utilizing above-mentioned hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof to carry out molecular ion to dissociate, its feature is that the method comprises the following steps:
1) vacuum chamber is sealed, be first evacuated to 10 with molecular pump
-3pascal, is evacuated to 10 with ionic pump by vacuum chamber
-7to 10
-10pascal, opens control valve, by the jet frequency of adjusting control valve, controls the air pressure of vacuum chamber 1.5 × 10
-5to 2.5 × 10
-5pascal, control valve is connected with gas cylinder, and liquid H is housed in gas cylinder
2gas;
2) ti sapphire laser is opened, make its total relaxation time producing stable phase angle be 100 femtoseconds, linearly polarized laser pulse that centre wavelength is 800 nanometers, the output energy of ti sapphire laser should be not less than 8 MJs, the laser beam of this 800 nanometer is divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam by described spectroscope, it is 25.6 microns that folded light beam converts centre wavelength to by Terahertz generation device, total relaxation time is the terahertz pulse of 100 femtoseconds, regulated by the second iris diaphgram, allow the power density of terahertz pulse remain on 3.0 × 10
12to 5.0 × 10
12watt/square centimeter and input vacuum chamber air nozzle outlet charged particle intrafascicular; Described transmitted light beam laser pulse is by after the time delays device of the first total reflective mirror, the second total reflective mirror composition, through 4 frequency multiplication sheets and the pulsed light grid compressed tablet of 800 described nanometer lasers, be 200 nanometers by its furnishing centre wavelength, total relaxation time is the ultrashort ultraviolet pulse of 6.0 femtoseconds, by the adjustment of the first adjustable diaphragm, the power density of the ultrashort ultraviolet light of 200 nanometers is remained on 6.0 × 10
13to 8.0 × 10
13watt/square centimeter, the charged particle that the reflection through the 3rd total reflective mirror enters the air nozzle outlet of vacuum chamber is intrafascicular;
3) the 3rd total reflective mirror further described in accurate adjustment, makes ultrashort ultraviolet pulse and terahertz pulse intersect at the angle being less than 5 ° the charged particle that air nozzle exports intrafascicular;
4) with the nucleon H of Visible Light CCD Camera by positively charged on micro-channel plate detector fluorescent screen
+, MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION be filmed, then with calculate machine-readable go out the data of each point on picture
following formulae discovery is utilized to go out the momentum of positively charged nucleon of fluorescent screen upper part, lower part:
Wherein W=p
2/ 2m, θ and φ are respectively polar angle and azimuth, m and p is respectively quality and the momentum of nucleon;
5) formula is recycled
calculate the control rate of the terahertz pulse under this time delay to this molecular ion;
6) two reflective mirrors then by moving horizontally time delays device change the time delays between terahertz pulse and ultrashort ultraviolet pulse, repeat step 4), to obtain the momentum spectra distribution of the charged nucleon under different delayed time;
7) closed control valve, changes successively and liquid D is housed
2and T
2gas cylinder, repeat step 4) to 6), obtain the variation relation that the dissociate control rate of Terahertz to hydrogen and isotope gas thereof postpones in time.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
To D
2 +, experimental result shows: near infrared light pulse only can reach the control rate of dissociating of 55.5%.And we can be found by simulation, this cover device for dissociation for us, when changing the time delay between terahertz pulse and ultraviolet pulse, D
2 +control rate of dissociating can reach 98.9%, the dissociation yield that now system is total also can reach 6.04%.To H
2 +and T
2 +, control rate of dissociating best result can not reach 99.3% and 98.2%, and total dissociation yield also can reach 6.14% and 5.91%.When the wavelength of terahertz pulse selected and power density suitable time, the present invention can also control dissociating of heavier molecule and chemical reaction, dissociating and chemical reaction of such as nitrogen molecular or oxygen molecule.Therefore our invention has important application by laser controlling molecular dissociation and chemical reaction field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: molecule efficient solution is from control time TW(unit: fs, femtosecond) with the change of molecular mass M, wherein m
pfor the quality of proton.
Fig. 2: the control rate A of terahertz pulse, IR are with interpulse time delay Δ t(unit: fs, femtosecond) change.
Fig. 3: A, IR is with E
20change, abscissa E
20for atomic unit, wherein two interpulse time delay Δ t=53.4 femtoseconds.
Fig. 4: the index path of hydrogen of the present invention and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof, wherein 1 is ti sapphire laser, 2 is terahertz pulse conversion equipment, 3 is 4 frequency multiplication sheets of 800 nanometer laser pulses, 4 is pulsed light grid compressed tablets, 5 is vacuum chamber, 5-1 is charged particle beam, 5-2 is air nozzle, 5-3 is accelerating electrode, 5-4 is micro-channel plate detector, 5-5 is Visible-light CCD, 6 is spectroscope, 7-1 is the first total reflective mirror, 7-2 is the second total reflective mirror, 7-3 is the 3rd total reflective mirror, 8-1 is the first adjustable diaphragm, 8-2 is the second adjustable diaphragm, 9 is control valve, 10 is gas cylinder, 11 is time delays device.
Fig. 5: two-dimentional D
+mOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated, but should not limit the scope of the invention according to this.
First refer to Fig. 4, as seen from the figure, the formation of hydrogen of the present invention and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof comprises ti sapphire laser 1, Laser output direction along this ti sapphire laser 1 is spectroscope 6, incident light is divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam by this spectroscope 6, terahertz pulse generation device 2 successively in folded light beam direction, second adjustable diaphragm 8-2 and vacuum chamber 5, air nozzle 5-2 is provided with at this vacuum chamber 5 Inner, accelerating electrode 5-3 successively in the side of this air nozzle 5-2, micro-channel plate detector 5-4, Visible-light CCD 5-5, one wall of this Visible-light CCD 5-5 and described vacuum chamber 5 is tightly connected, the 4 frequency multiplication sheets 3 of time delays device 11,800 nanometer laser pulse that described transmitted light beam forms through the first total reflective mirror 7-1, the second total reflective mirror 7-2 successively, pulsed light grid compressed tablet the 4, the 3rd total reflective mirror 7-3 and the first adjustable diaphragm 8-1 enter the air nozzle 5-2 of vacuum chamber 5, and described air nozzle 5-2 is connected with gas bottle 10 by flexible pipe through control valve 9, gas cylinder 10 has three, and the inside is equipped with liquid H respectively
2, D
2and T
2gas, one of them is connected with control valve 9, another two for subsequent use.
The two OPA system building (bibliography: AlexanderSell of Terahertz conversion equipment wherein, AlfredLeitenstorfer, andRupertHuber, " Phase-lockedgenerationandfield-resolveddetectionofwidely tunableterahertzpulseswithamplitudesexceeding100MV/cm; " OpticsLett., 232767-2769 (2008).), this device can produce the terahertz pulse meeting our requirement of experiment.
The method utilizing above-mentioned hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof to carry out molecular ion to dissociate, comprises the following steps:
1) vacuum chamber 5 is sealed, be first evacuated to 10 with molecular pump
-3pascal, is evacuated to 10 with ionic pump by vacuum chamber
-7to 10
-10pascal, opens control valve 9, by the jet frequency of adjusting control valve 9, controls the air pressure of vacuum chamber 5 1.5 × 10
-5to 2.5 × 10
-5pascal, control valve 9 is connected with gas cylinder 10, and liquid H is housed in gas cylinder 10
2gas;
2) ti sapphire laser 1 is opened, make its total relaxation time producing stable phase angle be 100 femtoseconds, linearly polarized laser pulse that centre wavelength is 800 nanometers, the output energy of ti sapphire laser should be not less than 8 MJs, the laser beam of this 800 nanometer is divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam by described spectroscope 6, it is 25.6 microns that folded light beam converts centre wavelength to by Terahertz generation device 2, total relaxation time is the terahertz pulse of 100 femtoseconds, regulated by the second iris diaphgram 8-2, allow the power density of terahertz pulse remain on 3.0 × 10
12to 5.0 × 10
12watt/square centimeter and input vacuum chamber 5 air nozzle 5-2 export charged particle beam 5-1 in; Described transmitted light beam laser pulse is by after the time delays device 11 of the first total reflective mirror 7-1, the second total reflective mirror 7-2 composition, 4 frequency multiplication sheets 3 and pulsed light grid compressed tablet 4 through 800 described nanometer lasers) be 200 nanometers by its furnishing centre wavelength, total relaxation time is the ultrashort ultraviolet pulse of 6.0 femtoseconds, by the adjustment of the first adjustable diaphragm 8-1, the power density of the ultrashort ultraviolet light of 200 nanometers is remained on 6.0 × 10
13to 8.0 × 10
13watt/square centimeter, the reflection through the 3rd total reflective mirror 7-3 enters in the charged particle beam 5-1 of air nozzle 5-2 outlet of vacuum chamber 5;
3) the 3rd total reflective mirror 7-3 further described in accurate adjustment, makes ultrashort ultraviolet pulse and terahertz pulse intersect in the charged particle beam 5-1 that air nozzle 5-2 exports with the angle being less than 5 °;
4) use Visible Light CCD Camera 5-5 by the nucleon (H of positively charged on micro-channel plate detector 5-4 fluorescent screen
+, MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION be filmed, then with calculate machine-readable go out the data of each point on picture
following formulae discovery is utilized to go out the momentum of positively charged nucleon of fluorescent screen upper part, lower part:
Wherein W=p
2/ 2m, θ and φ are respectively polar angle and azimuth, m and p is respectively quality and the momentum of nucleon;
5) formula is recycled
calculate the control rate of the terahertz pulse under this time delay to this molecular ion;
6) two reflective mirrors then by moving horizontally time delays device 11 change the time delays between terahertz pulse and ultrashort ultraviolet pulse, repeat step 4), to obtain the momentum spectra distribution of the charged nucleon under different delayed time;
7) closed control valve, changes successively and liquid D is housed
2and T
2gas cylinder, repeat step 4) to 6), obtain the variation relation that the dissociate control rate of Terahertz to hydrogen and isotope gas thereof postpones in time.
Our research shows: dissociating of any one molecule, and all there is one section of efficient solution from the control time, the length of this time period is relevant with the quality of molecule, and molecular mass is larger, and efficient solution is longer from the control time, as shown in Figure 1.Only have when the half period of control impuls and the efficient solution of molecule to match from the control time or be greater than its effective control time, just can realize good molecular dissociation control rate.The present invention utilize wavelength be 200 nanometers ultrashort resonance ultraviolet pulse by the electron excitation in hydrogen and isotopic molecule ion thereof to solution amorph, then control to separate the electron motion in amorph with the terahertz pulse that wavelength is 25.6 microns, realize the control of molecular dissociation and chemical reaction process.Analog result shows: the synthesis light field of ultraviolet pulse and terahertz pulse can control dissociating of hydrogen and isotopic molecule ion thereof well.When the power density of 1.17 optical cycles, centre wavelength to be the terahertz pulse of 25.6 microns and 8 optical cycles, centre wavelength the be ultraviolet pulse of 200 nanometers is respectively I
1=3.8 × 10
12watt of/square centimeter and I
2=5.0 × 10
14time watt of/square centimeter of, dissociate dissymmetryc coefficient A(A=(P
r-P
l)/(P
r+ P
l), wherein P
rand P
lbe respectively and separate the amorph son that powers on and be stable at probability on right core or left core.) and total ionization probability IR with two interpulse time delay Δ t change as shown in Figure 2.When Δ t=53.4 femtosecond, to H
2 +, A=0.922, the electronics in the solution amorph of 96.1% can control on right core, and now total dissociation yield is 25.6%; To D
2 +and T
2 +, control rate of dissociating now is respectively 96.0% and 95.8%.Fig. 3 is the electric field strength E of A and IR with ultraviolet pulse
20change, now Δ t=53.4 femtosecond, I
1=4.4 × 10
12watt/square centimeter.Work as E
20=0.0446a.u.(atomic unit, the ultraviolet pulse power density that 0.0446a.u. is corresponding is 7.0 × 10
13watt/square centimeter) time, to H
2 +, A=0.986, the electronics in the solution amorph of 99.3% can control on right core, and total dissociation yield is now 6.14%, but total ionization rate almost nil (being less than 0.0013%); To D
2 +and T
2 +, control rate of dissociating now is respectively 98.9% and 98.2%, and total dissociation yield is respectively 6.04% and 5.91%, and total ionization rate is also all almost nil.
When the wavelength of terahertz pulse selected and power density suitable time, the present invention can also control dissociating of heavier molecule and chemical reaction, dissociating and chemical reaction of such as nitrogen molecular or oxygen molecule.Therefore the present invention molecule dissociate and Control of chemical reaction field have important using value and prospect of the application.
Electronics and other molecular fragments produce at the intersection of laser and molecular beam, the nucleon (H of positively charged
+, D
+or T
+) accelerated motion its MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION is presented at micro-channel plate detector (Hamamatsu under the effect of electric field that produces at accelerating electrode, F2226-24PX) on fluorescent screen, momentum spectra on fluorescent screen distributes the Visible Light CCD Camera (Pulnix that can be tightly connected with vacuum chamber with, TM-9701) be filmed, then with the momentum of computer by each point
distribution reads.Fig. 5 is just the D on micro-channel plate detector fluorescent screen
+momentum angular distribution [see M.F.Kling, Ch.Siedschlag, A.J.Verhoef, J.I.Khan, M.Schultze, Th.Uphues, Y.Ni, M.Uiberacker, M.Drescher, F.Krausz, M.J.J.Vrakking1, " ControlofElectronLocalizationinMolecularDissociation, " Science312246-248 (2006).]。Now, charged nucleon (H
+, D
+and T
+) the momentum summation that is positioned at micro-channel plate detector fluorescent screen top and the bottom is respectively
with
utilize formula
just the control rate of the terahertz pulse under this time delay can be calculated.
Therefore, by measuring the MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION of charged nucleon, we just can go out to calculate the H under postponing sometime
2 +and D
2 +and T
2 +control rate of dissociating.Adjust the time delay between ultrashort ultraviolet pulse and terahertz pulse by the optical path length adjusting ultrashort ultraviolet pulse, just can calculate the control rate find out its maximum control rate of dissociating of the terahertz pulse under arbitrary time delay.
Controlled the jet frequency (about 50 hertz) of air nozzle 5-2 by adjusting control valve 9, thus the air pressure of vacuum chamber 5 can be controlled 1.5 × 10
-5to 2.5 × 10
-5pascal, so just can drop to minimum by the bielectron ionization of hydrogen and isotopic molecule thereof, thus can guarantee that we obtain maximum control rate of dissociating.Electronics and other molecular fragments produce (air nozzle 5-2 oral area) at the intersection of laser and molecular beam, then the nucleon 5-1 of positively charged accelerates to the micro-channel plate detector be fixed in vacuum chamber 5 (model: Hamamatsu under the effect of the electric field of accelerating electrode 5-3, F2226-24PX) 5-4 place motion, the fluorescent screen of micro-channel plate detector 5-4 can demonstrate its H detected
+(D
+or T
+) MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION, then seal Visible Light CCD Camera (model: Pulnix, TM-9701) (5-5) that be connected by the momentum of the charged nucleon of micro-channel plate detector fluorescence screen display with vacuum chamber
distribution map is filmed.Utilize formula
with
we just can obtain the control rate of dissociating of the terahertz pulse under this time delay.
Change the time delay between ultrashort ultraviolet pulse and terahertz pulse by translation time delays device 11, different time postpones lower terahertz pulse to H then to utilize above-mentioned formula just can draw
2 +the maximal solution of dissociate control rate and this terahertz pulse from control rate.Turn off control valve 9, change the gas cylinder 10 that liquid deuterium and liquid tritium are housed successively, repeat above-mentioned measuring process, just can draw the dissociate control rate variation relation with time delay between terahertz pulse and ultrashort ultraviolet pulse of terahertz pulse to hydrogen and isotope gas thereof.
Claims (1)
1. the method utilizing hydrogen and isotopic molecule ionic dissociation device thereof to carry out molecular ion to dissociate, the formation of this device comprises ti sapphire laser (1), Laser output direction along this ti sapphire laser (1) is spectroscope (6), incident light is divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam by this spectroscope (6), terahertz pulse generation device (2) successively in folded light beam direction, second adjustable diaphragm (8-2) and vacuum chamber (5), air nozzle (5-2) is provided with in this vacuum chamber (5), accelerating electrode (5-3) successively in the side of this air nozzle (5-2), micro-channel plate detector (5-4), Visible-light CCD (5-5), this Visible-light CCD (5-5) is tightly connected with a wall of described vacuum chamber (5), the time delays device (11) that described transmitted light beam forms through the first total reflective mirror (7-1), the second total reflective mirror (7-2) successively, 4 frequency multiplication sheets (3) of 800 nanometer laser pulses, pulsed light grid compressed tablet (4), the 3rd total reflective mirror (7-3) and the first adjustable diaphragm (8-1) enter the air nozzle (5-2) of vacuum chamber (5), and described air nozzle (5-2) is connected with gas cylinder (10) by flexible pipe through control valve (9), gas cylinder (10) has three, and the inside is equipped with liquid H respectively
2, D
2and T
2gas, one of them is connected with control valve (9), another two for subsequent use, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1) vacuum chamber is sealed, be first evacuated to 10 with molecular pump
-3pascal, is evacuated to 10 with ionic pump by vacuum chamber
-7to 10
-10pascal, opens control valve (9), by the jet frequency of adjusting control valve (9), controls the air pressure of vacuum chamber (5) 1.5 × 10
-5to 2.5 × 10
-5pascal, control valve (9) is connected with gas cylinder (10), and liquid H is housed in gas cylinder (10)
2gas;
2) ti sapphire laser (1) is opened, its total relaxation time producing stable phase angle is made to be 100 femtoseconds, centre wavelength is the linearly polarized laser pulse of 800 nanometers, the output energy of ti sapphire laser is not less than 8 MJs, this centre wavelength is that the linearly polarized laser pulse of 800 nanometers is divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam by described spectroscope (6), it is 25.6 microns that folded light beam converts centre wavelength to by terahertz pulse generation device (2), total relaxation time is the terahertz pulse of 100 femtoseconds, regulated by the second adjustable diaphragm (8-2), the power density of terahertz pulse is allowed to remain on 3.0 × 10
12to 5.0 × 10
12watt of/square centimeter and in the charged particle beam (5-1) that exports of the air nozzle (5-2) inputting vacuum chamber (5), described transmitted light beam is by after the time delays device (11) that the first total reflective mirror (7-1), the second total reflective mirror (7-2) form, through 4 frequency multiplication sheets (3) and the pulsed light grid compressed tablet (4) of 800 described nanometer lasers, be 200 nanometers by its furnishing centre wavelength, total relaxation time is the ultrashort ultraviolet pulse of 6.0 femtoseconds, by the adjustment of the first adjustable diaphragm (8-1), be that the power density of the ultrashort ultraviolet pulse of 200 nanometers remains on 6.0 × 10 by centre wavelength
13to 8.0 × 10
13watt/square centimeter, in the charged particle beam (5-1) that the air nozzle (5-2) entering vacuum chamber (5) through the reflection of the 3rd total reflective mirror (7-3) exports,
3) the 3rd total reflective mirror (7-3) further described in accurate adjustment, makes ultrashort ultraviolet pulse and terahertz pulse intersect in the charged particle beam (5-1) that air nozzle (5-2) exports with the angle being less than 5 °;
4) with the nucleon H of Visible Light CCD Camera by positively charged on micro-channel plate detector (5-4) fluorescent screen
+, D
+or T
+mOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION be filmed, then with calculate machine-readable go out the data of each point on picture
following formulae discovery is utilized to go out the momentum of positively charged nucleon of fluorescent screen upper part, lower part:
Wherein W=p
2/ 2m, θ and φ are respectively polar angle and azimuth, m and p is respectively quality and the momentum of nucleon;
5) formula is recycled
calculate the control rate of the terahertz pulse under this time delay to this molecular ion;
6) two reflective mirrors then by moving horizontally time delays device (11) change the time delays between terahertz pulse and ultrashort ultraviolet pulse, repeat step 4), to obtain the momentum spectra distribution of the charged nucleon under different delayed time;
7) closed control valve, changes successively and liquid D is housed
2and T
2gas cylinder (10), repeat step 4) to 6), obtain the variation relation that the dissociate control rate of Terahertz to hydrogen and isotope gas thereof postpones in time.
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| Title |
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| Control of Electron Excitation and Localization in the Dissociation of H2+ and Its Isotopes Using Two Sequential Ultrashort Laser Pulses;Feng He et.al;《The American Physical Society》;20070823;第99卷(第8期);第1-4页 * |
| Extremely asymmetric electron localization in H2+ controlled with a THz field;Zhengmao Jia et.al;《PHYSICAL REVIEW A》;20140218;第89卷;第2-5页第2-4部分 * |
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