CN103947529A - Method for simultaneously improving yield of starch and crude protein of duckweed and removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage - Google Patents
Method for simultaneously improving yield of starch and crude protein of duckweed and removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for simultaneously improving the yield of starch and crude protein of duckweed and the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage. The method is operated by the following steps: inputting the sewage into a sewage treatment pond in a closed and transparent greenhouse; then inoculating the duckweed on the surface of the sewage; introducing CO2 into the greenhouse every day, wherein the water feeding and discharging modes of the sewage treatment pond are continuous water feeding and continuous water discharging or intermittent water feeding and intermittent water discharging; controlling the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the sewage treatment pond to be 2 to 15 days. The sewage is treated when the duckweed grow; part of the duckweed is required to be salvaged periodically in the sewage treating and duckweed growing period. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the yield of the starch and the crude protein of the duckweed can be greatly improved, and the nitrogen and the phosphorus in the sewage are removed effectively; the large-scale application of the duckweed is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water plants cultivates and sewage treatment area, particularly a kind of method that simultaneously improves duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the quickening of process of industrialization, human society is being faced with severe water and is polluting and shortage of resources crisis.A large amount of discharges of the nutriments such as nitrogen phosphorus are the one of the main reasons of water pollution and body eutrophication, and nitrogen phosphorus is again to improve the requisite nutritive element of living resources output simultaneously.Therefore, by phytoremediation, reclaiming the nutriments such as nitrogen phosphorus in sewage and be translated into valuable biomass resource is a kind of effective way that simultaneously solves water pollution and shortage of resources.
Duckweed (Duckweed) is the general designation of Lemnaceae (Lemnaceae) plant, has 5 and belongs to 37 kinds, and be minimum aquatic flowering plant, distribute very extensive.The growth rate of duckweed is exceedingly fast, and in 16～48 hours, its biomass can be double under ideal conditions, and its biomass accumulation speed is 28 times of corn.The crude protein content of duckweed can, up to 45% of its dry weight, be widely used as the bait of feed stripped and fish at present.Duckweed is following biomass liquid fuel one of the most potential strategic raw material.
Utilize duckweed to reclaim nitrogen, the phosphorus in sewage, the technique of producing liquid fuel (being mainly ethanol) is comparatively ripe, the restriction duckweed further extensive principal element of utilizing is the crude protein of duckweed and the too low problem of the output of starch, and wherein the too low problem of starch yield is particularly outstanding.Can only improve its crude protein output by cultivate duckweed in eutrophic water body at present, but in eutrophic water body very low of the starch yield of duckweed.In oligotrophic water body, cultivate duckweed, can obtain the duckweed that content of starch is higher, but the method exists following deficiency: (1) requires to cultivate duckweed in oligotrophic water body, along with day by day increasing the weight of of water pollution, natural water is difficult to reach this requirement, and the scope of application of the method has been subject to great limitation; (2) in oligotrophic water body, cultivate, although the content of starch of duckweed is improved, the growth of duckweed and output have been subject to serious restriction, thereby starch yield is not still improved; (3) due to nonnitrogenous in oligotrophic water body, cultivate with this understanding duckweed, the crude protein content in duckweed not only cannot improve, on the contrary can fast-descending, and the growth of duckweed and output are restricted in addition, and the crude protein output of duckweed also can significantly decline; (4) under oligotrophic condition, cultivate, duckweed does not almost absorb the nitrogen in water body, phosphorus, cannot reach the object of simultaneously disposing of sewage.As can be seen here, adopt existing method to cultivate duckweed, cannot improve crude protein and the high starch yield of duckweed simultaneously, and reach the effect of waste water treatment simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method that simultaneously improves duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance is provided, the method can increase substantially starch and the crude protein output of duckweed simultaneously, and realize the efficient removal of nitrogen phosphorus in sewage, be conducive to advance the large-scale application of duckweed.
The method that simultaneously improves duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance provided by the invention, operate as follows: in the treatment tank in, printing opacity booth airtight to being arranged on, input sewage, then duckweed is seeded in to sewage surface, and in booth, passes into CO daytime every day
2the Inlet and outlet water mode for the treatment of tank is continuous water inlet, continuous drainage or is intermittent water inflow, intermittent drainage, controlling the hydraulic detention time of sewage in treatment tank is 2～15 days, duckweed is realized the processing of sewage in growth, needs regularly to salvage part duckweed during waste water treatment and duckweed growth.
In said method, the CO in daytime booth gas
2concentration is higher, is more conducive to the starch of duckweed and the raising of crude protein output, but CO
2concentration is higher, and cost is higher, so the starch of considering cost and duckweed, crude protein volume increase situation, CO
2intake should make the CO in gas in daytime booth
2concentration is 500～3000ppm, CO in the interior gas of booth on daytime
2concentration is preferably 1000～2000ppm; In booth, pass into CO continuously or intermittently
2all can.
In said method, treatment tank is arranged in booth, booth plays sealing and (prevents CO
2run off) and insulation effect, meanwhile, booth should not affect the photosynthesis of duckweed, and the cladding material that therefore forms airtight booth is printing opacity and gastight material, and described printing opacity and gastight material are preferably light-passing plastic film or transparent glass.
In said method, the coverage rate according to 100～200% is seeded in sewage surface by duckweed.
In said method, according to the growth rate of duckweed, determine the cycle of salvaging duckweed, the salvaging cycle is shorter, production efficiency is higher, but the too short meeting of salvaging cycle causes salvage amount to increase, be preferably every 1～8 day and salvage part duckweed once, in order to make duckweed have all the time good removal effect to the nitrogen phosphorus in sewage, the coverage rate that the salvaging amount of each duckweed should meet the rear sewage of salvaging surface duckweed is 100～200%.
In said method, the total nitrogen concentration of described sewage is 4～40ppm, and total phosphorus concentration is 1～6ppm.
In said method, the structure of airtight booth and treatment tank and the treatment tank set-up mode in airtight booth is as shown in Fig. 1～4, the cuboid cavity body structure of the upper end open that treatment tank is comprised of base plate and coaming plate, airtight booth is comprised of the cladding material that is positioned at the support on coaming plate and cover on support, cladding material plays sealing and insulation effect, and the size for the treatment of tank is determined according to sewage load.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. the invention provides a kind of new method that simultaneously improves duckweed starch and crude protein output, the method has also realized the continuous removal of nitrogen phosphorus in sewage when improving duckweed starch and crude protein output, achieve many things at one stroke, broken and in same sewage water body, can not cultivate the limitation of high starch and high protein content duckweed at present simultaneously, be conducive to advance the large-scale application of duckweed.
2. the method for the invention makes the starch rate of growth of duckweed reach 1100%～4100% by the technological means of supplementary carbon dioxide, the crude protein rate of growth of duckweed has reached 140%～220%, the highest starch yield is equivalent to 0.85t//mu, the output of crude protein is 0.85t//mu simultaneously, the highest crude protein output is equivalent to 1.06t//mu, and the output of starch is 0.31t//mu simultaneously.
3. due to the method for the invention, adopted the technological means of supplementary carbon dioxide, when producing duckweed continuously, also having realized the high-efficiency and continuous of nitrogen phosphorus in sewage removes, duckweed is removed increase rate to sewage phosphorus and has reached 125%～161%, nitrogen is removed increase rate and has been reached 29%～75%, is conducive to alleviate current faced water body nitrogen and phosphorus pollution problem.
4. the method for the invention is simple to operate, with low cost, and not limited by duckweed kind, easily applies.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the airtight booth that uses in the method for the invention and a kind of combination figure for the treatment of tank;
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view for the treatment of tank in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of airtight booth in Fig. 1;
In Fig. 1～4,1-treatment tank, 1-1-base plate, 1-2-coaming plate, 1-3-dividing plate, 2-airtight booth, 2-1-column, 2-2-crossbeam, 2-3-arched ceiling, 2-4-arched ceiling buttress brace, 2-5-cladding material, the height of H1-treatment tank, the height of the height of H2-column, H3-arched ceiling, the width of the length of L1-treatment tank, the width of W1-treatment tank, W2-treatment region.
Fig. 5 is average dry matter production and the rate of growth of duckweed in embodiment and comparative example;
Fig. 6 is average content of starch and the content of starch increase rate of duckweed in embodiment and comparative example;
Fig. 7 is the average crude protein content of duckweed in embodiment and comparative example;
Fig. 8 is average crude protein output and the crude protein rate of growth of duckweed in embodiment and comparative example;
Fig. 9 is average starch yield and the starch rate of growth of duckweed in embodiment and comparative example;
Figure 10 is that in embodiment and comparative example, duckweed is removed increase rate to average total tp removal rate and the total phosphorus of sewage;
Figure 11 is that in embodiment and comparative example, duckweed is removed increase rate to the average nitrogen removal rate of sewage and total nitrogen.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment and comparative example, the method that simultaneously improves duckweed crude protein and starch yield and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance of the present invention is further illustrated.
Following embodiment and comparative example are synchronously carried out, and use structure and measure-alike airtight booth and treatment tank, and the structure of described airtight booth and treatment tank and the set-up mode for the treatment of tank in airtight booth are as shown in Fig. 1～4.The cuboid cavity body structure of the upper end open that treatment tank 1 is comprised of base plate 1-1 and coaming plate 1-2, in treatment tank 1, be provided with along its length dividing plate 1-3, dividing plate is separated into 5 treatment regions treatment tank, the length L 1 for the treatment of tank is 24m, the height H 1 for the treatment of tank is 0.6m, the width W 1 for the treatment of tank is 2.5m, and the width W 2 of each treatment region is 0.5m.Airtight booth 2 is comprised of the light-passing plastic film that is positioned at the support on coaming plate 1-2 and cover on support, plastic film plays sealing and insulation effect, support consists of many root posts 2-1, many crossbeam 2-2, arched ceiling 2-3 and arched ceiling buttress brace 2-4, one end of column 2-1 is positioned on coaming plate 1-2, the other end is connected with crossbeam, the height H 2 of column 2-1 is 1.5m, and the height H 3 of arched ceiling is 0.5m; The plastic film that the two ends of airtight booth (being the width for the treatment of tank) cover can be opened, and to facilitate, salvages duckweed.Embodiment is identical to the water quality of the sewage passing in treatment tank with in comparative example.
In following embodiment and comparative example, described duckweed Lemna.japonica0234 (being called for short L.japonica0234), duckweed Lemna.japonica0223 (being called for short L.japonica0223), few root duckweed Landoltia.punctata0224 (being called for short La.punctata0224) gathers from the east, Dian Chi of Chinese yunnan province Kunming bank, few root duckweed Landoltia.punctata0202 (being called for short La.punctata0202) gathers from Xinjin County, Sichuan Province China province Chengdu, few root duckweed Landoltia.punctata7776 (being called for short La.punctata7776) is provided by Jay professor J.Cheng of the vertical university (North Carolina State University) in North Carolina.The duckweed of above-mentioned 5 kinds is all stored in duckweed germplasm database (the Rutgers Duckweed Stock Cooperative of Chengdu Inst. of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and U.S. Rutgers university (Rutgers University), RDSC, http://www.ruduckweed.org/).
In following embodiment and comparative example:
The assay method of duckweed dry weight: the duckweed of taking out in rectangle basket is dried to (get rid of 1min at every turn, get rid of altogether twice) with washing machine, be then dried to constant weight in the baking oven of 60 ℃, weigh.
The assay method of duckweed content of starch can be referring to Zhang L., Chen Q., Jin Y., et al.Energy-saving direct ethanol production from viscosity reduction mash of sweet potato at very high gravity (VHG) .Fuel Processing Technology.2010,91 (12): 1845-1850.Concrete assay method is: dry duckweed is ground into powder, takes 0.03～0.06g duckweed dry powder and be placed in 250mL ground conical flask, add HCl solution and the 100mL distilled water of 30mL6mol/L, load onto condenser pipe, put the 2h that refluxes in boiling water bath.Reflux complete, use immediately circulating water cooling, until duckweed sample hydrolysis liquid cooling, but to room temperature, adding NaOH to regulate the pH value of hydrolyzate is 7.Then add 20mL20wt% lead acetate solution, shake up rear placement 10min, be transferred in 500mL volumetric flask, adding distil water is settled to 500mL, filters, and discards just filtrate, collect 5mL filtrate and cross the anti-phase C18 solid phase extraction column that pre-activation is good, discard 1 initial～2mL, collect 3～4mL below, then use the water system membrane filtration of 0.22 μ m.Utilize HPLC to measure glucose content in filtrate, according to content of starch=glucose content/1.1, calculate the content of starch of duckweed.
The assay method of duckweed crude protein content: adopt FOSS KJ2200 kjeldahl apparatus to measure.Be specially: take the duckweed powder that 1g is dry, pour in kjeldahl flask, add mixture (mass ratio of copper sulphate and potassium sulfate is 1:15) and the 12mL concentrated sulfuric acid of 0.4～0.5g copper sulphate and potassium sulfate, in 400 ℃ of digestion 3h, obtain digestion solution.Then according to the S.O.P. of FOSS KJ2200 kjeldahl apparatus, automatically measure the kjeldahl nitrogen content (K in digestion solution
jn).According to crude protein content computing formula, calculate duckweed crude protein content, duckweed crude protein content=K
jn*6.25.
Dry matter production (the g/m of duckweed
2/ d)=(during sampling during dry weight-previous sample of duckweed the dry weight of duckweed)/sampling water surface area/incubation time;
Crude protein output (the g/m of duckweed
2/ d) the dry matter production * duckweed crude protein content of=duckweed;
Starch yield (the g/m of duckweed
2/ d) the dry matter production * duckweed content of starch of=duckweed;
Duckweed dry matter rate of growth (%)=(embodiment dry matter production-comparative example dry matter production)/comparative example dry matter production * 100%;
Starch rate of growth (%)=(embodiment duckweed starch yield-comparative example duckweed starch yield)/comparative example duckweed starch yield * 100%;
Crude protein rate of growth (%)=(embodiment duckweed protein yield-comparative example duckweed protein yield)/comparative example duckweed protein yield * 100%;
Content of starch increase rate (%)=(embodiment duckweed content of starch-comparative example duckweed content of starch)/comparative example duckweed content of starch * 100%;
In following embodiment and comparative example, TN refers to the total nitrogen in water body, NH
4 +-N refers to the ammonia nitrogen in water body, NO
3 --N refers to nitrate nitrogen, the NO in water body
2 --N refers to Nitrite nitrogen, and TP refers to the total phosphorus in water body.NH in water body
4 +-N, NO
2 –-N, NO
3 –-N, TN and TP content are measured by Multifunctional water analyzer PhotoLab6100 (WTW, Germany), and agents useful for same is the matched reagent of Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck Corp, Germany), according to the specification of matched reagent, operates.
The nitrogen concentration * 100% of sewage nitrogen removal efficiency (%)=(nitrogen concentration of the nitrogen concentration-water outlet of water inlet)/water inlet;
The phosphorus concentration * 100% of sewage phosphorus clearance (%)=(phosphorus concentration of the phosphorus concentration-water outlet of water inlet)/water inlet;
Sewage nitrogen is removed increase rate (%)=(embodiment nitrogen removal efficiency-comparative example nitrogen removal efficiency)/comparative example nitrogen removal efficiency * 100%;
Sewage phosphorus is removed increase rate (%)=(embodiment tp removal rate-comparative example tp removal rate)/comparative example tp removal rate * 100%;
The mensuration of water temperature, temperature and intensity of illumination adopts real-time online detector ZDR-2W14 (the large instrument in pool, Hangzhou, China), is set as every 10min and automatically records once.
Comparative example
In 5 treatment regions of the treatment tank in, printing opacity booth airtight to being arranged on, all pump into the sewage that 0.5m is dark, then La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776 are seeded in respectively to the sewage surface of above-mentioned 5 treatment regions, inoculation coverage rate is followed successively by 285,413,285,413 and 285g duckweed fresh weight/m
2(coverage rate is about 100～200%), from one end of each treatment region, pump into the combined sewage 1m of domestic sewage in rural areas by using and agricultural effluent every day
3, from the other end, discharge 1m simultaneously
3sewage after duckweed is processed (every day water inlet and lasting time of draining are about 2h), the hydraulic detention time of sewage in treatment tank is 6 days, duckweed when growing, realize sewage in the continuous removal of nitrogen phosphorus.The process of above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth continues 100 days, during this, additionally in booth, does not pass into CO
2, every 4 days, the duckweed on each treatment region sewage surface is carried out to quantitative sampling and salvaging.
During continue in above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process 100 days, measure airborne CO in 2 booths every day
2concentration, the interior airborne CO of booth on daytime during this
2concentration is 250ppm～380ppm (mean concentration is 328ppm); The temperature of booth is that the water temperature in 13～32 ℃ (average 24.41 ℃), treatment tank is that intensity of illumination in 15～29 ℃ (average 22.68 ℃), daytime booth is 300～1000 μ mol/m
2/ s (average 453.58 μ mol/m
2/ s).
During continue in above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process 100 days, every 1 day, measure once the water inlet of each sewage diposal area and go out the concentration of water pollutant and calculate duckweed to the nitrogen removal efficiency of sewage and tp removal rate (the results are shown in Figure 10～11), the concentration of each pollutant: TN in water inlet, 4～40mg/L (average 23.17mg/L), NH
4 +-N, 3～30mg/L (average 17.98mg/L), NO
3 --N, 0～10mg/L (average 3.72mg/L), NO
2 --N, 0～1.8mg/L (average 0.53mg/L), TP, 1～6mg/L (average 3.37mg/L).
The quantitative sampling operation of duckweed is as follows: at the sewage surface uniform of each treatment region, put into symmetrically 6 rectangle frameworks (pvc pipe that is 20mm by overall diameter is made), the water surface area in each framework is 0.1m
2, fish for all duckweeds in 6 frameworks.The duckweed of fishing for, with weigh after washing machine drying (get rid of 1min, get rid of altogether 2 times) and obtain duckweed fresh weight at every turn, is calculated to every 1m in each treatment region according to duckweed fresh weight
2the fresh weight of water surface duckweed, the salvaging amount of duckweed=(every 1m that sampling is calculated
2every 1m during fresh weight-initial inoculation of water surface duckweed
2the fresh weight of water surface duckweed) * treatment region water surface area, salvages duckweed according to the duckweed salvaging amount of calculating gained, makes to salvage the coverage rate of rear duckweed when the coverage rate on sewage surface and initial inoculation and is consistent.
The duckweed of taking out and drying in above-mentioned each rectangle basket is dried to constant weight the baking oven of 60 ℃, rear sealing is weighed, pulverized to the dry duckweed of gained and save backup.Measure dry weight, content of starch, the crude protein content of every sub-sampling duckweed, calculate dry matter production, crude protein output and the starch yield of duckweed, result is as shown in Fig. 5～9.
Dry matter production data in Fig. 5 are known, during 100 days that above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process continue, the average dry matter production of these 5 kinds of duckweeds of La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776 is respectively 4.16g/m
2d, 3.61g/m
2d, 3.60g/m
2d, 3.51g/m
2d and 4.23g/m
2d, 5 kinds of duckweeds all grow comparatively slowly.
Content of starch data in Fig. 6 are known, during 100 days that above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process continue, the average content of starch of these 5 kinds of duckweeds of La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776, all lower than 6%, is respectively 5.97%, 1.36%, 5.46%, 2.49% and 2.47%.In addition duckweed growth is slow, and dry-matter accumulation amount is very limited, causes duckweed starch yield very low, and the starch yield data in Fig. 9 are known, and the average starch yield of 5 kinds of duckweeds is only respectively 0.25g/m
2d, 0.05g/m
2d, 0.18g/m
2d, 0.09g/m
2d and 0.10g/m
2d.
As shown in Figure 7, during 100 days that above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process continue, the average crude protein content of these 5 kinds of duckweeds of La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776 can reach 34.56～38.77%, but because duckweed growth is slow, dry-matter accumulation amount is considerably less, cause duckweed crude protein output lower, crude protein yield data in Fig. 8 is known, and the average crude protein output of 5 kinds of duckweeds is only respectively 1.49g/m
2/ d, 1.36g/m
2/ d, 1.32g/m
2/ d, 1.21g/m
2/ d and 1.65g/m
2/ d.
From Fig. 9 and Figure 10, during 100 days that above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process continue, these 5 kinds of duckweeds of La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776 are all lower to total tp removal rate of sewage, be respectively 20.36%, 25.54%, 19.64%, 26.07% and 18.7%, slightly high to the more total tp removal rate of the nitrogen removal rate of sewage, be respectively 30.32%, 30.30%, 29.04%, 32.27% and 27.93%.
Embodiment
In 5 treatment regions of the treatment tank in, printing opacity booth airtight to being arranged on, all pump into the sewage that 0.5m is dark, then La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776 are seeded in respectively to the sewage surface of above-mentioned 5 treatment regions, inoculation coverage rate is followed successively by 285,413,285,413 and 285g duckweed fresh weight/m
2(coverage rate is about 100～200%), from one end of each treatment region, pump into the combined sewage 1m of domestic sewage in rural areas by using and agricultural effluent every day
3, from the other end, discharge 1m simultaneously
3sewage after duckweed is processed (every day water inlet and lasting time of draining are about 2h), the hydraulic detention time of sewage in treatment tank is 6 days, daytime every day, 8:00～18:00 passed into continuously CO from 4 symmetric points in booth in booth
2, CO
2from industrial CO
2gas tank, duckweed in growth, realize sewage in the continuous removal of nitrogen phosphorus.The process of above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth continues 100 days, every 4 days, the duckweed on each treatment region sewage surface is carried out to quantitative sampling and salvaging.
During continue in above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process 100 days, measure the CO in gas in 2 booths every day
2concentration, the CO during this in interior gas of booth on daytime
2concentration is 500～3000ppm (mean concentration is 1560ppm); The temperature of booth is that the water temperature in 13～32 ℃ (average 24.41 ℃), treatment tank is that intensity of illumination in 15～29 ℃ (average 22.68 ℃), daytime booth is 300～1000 μ mol/m
2/ s (average 453.58 μ mol/m
2/ s).
During continue in above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process 100 days, every 1 day, measure once the water inlet of each sewage diposal area and go out the concentration of water pollutant and calculate duckweed to the nitrogen removal efficiency of sewage and tp removal rate (the results are shown in Figure 10～11), the concentration of each pollutant: TN in water inlet, 4～40mg/L (average 23.17mg/L), NH
4 +-N, 3～30mg/L (average 17.98mg/L), NO
3 --N, 0～10mg/L (average 3.72mg/L), NO
2 --N, 0～1.8mg/L (average 0.53mg/L), TP, 1～6mg/L (average 3.37mg/L).
The quantitative sampling operation of duckweed is as follows: at the sewage surface uniform of each treatment region, put into symmetrically 6 rectangle frameworks (pvc pipe that is 20mm by overall diameter is made), the water surface area in each framework is 0.1m
2, fish for all duckweeds in 6 frameworks.The duckweed of fishing for, with weigh after washing machine drying (get rid of 1min, get rid of altogether 2 times) and obtain duckweed fresh weight at every turn, is calculated to every 1m in each treatment region according to duckweed fresh weight
2the fresh weight of water surface duckweed, the salvaging amount of duckweed=(every 1m that sampling is calculated
2every 1m during fresh weight-initial inoculation of water surface duckweed
2the fresh weight of water surface duckweed) * treatment region water surface area, salvages duckweed according to the duckweed salvaging amount of calculating gained, makes to salvage the coverage rate of rear duckweed when the coverage rate on sewage surface and initial inoculation and is consistent.
The duckweed of taking out and drying in above-mentioned each rectangle basket is dried to constant weight the baking oven of 60 ℃, rear sealing is weighed, pulverized to the dry duckweed of gained and save backup.Measure dry weight, content of starch, the crude protein content of every sub-sampling duckweed, and calculate dry matter production, crude protein output, starch yield, dry matter rate of growth, content of starch increase rate, starch rate of growth and the crude protein rate of growth of duckweed, result is as shown in Fig. 5～9.
Dry matter production data in Fig. 5 are known, during 100 days that above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process continue, the average dry matter production of these 5 kinds of duckweeds of La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776 is respectively up to 12.41g/m
2/ d, 13.74g/m
2/ d, 12.91g/m
2/ d, 12.04g/m
2/ d and 12.23g/m
2/ d, wherein, the peak of the dry matter production of L.japonica0223 during above-mentioned 100 days surpassed 19g/m
2/ d, its average dry matter production is equivalent to 3.35t/ mu/year, illustrates and passes into CO
2can promote duckweed accumulation dry matter, the average dry matter rate of growth of 5 kinds of duckweeds is respectively 198%, 280%, 259%, 243% and 189%.
Content of starch data in Fig. 6 are known, during 100 days that above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process continue, the average content of starch of these 5 kinds of duckweeds of La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776 has been compared with comparative example significantly and has been increased, reached respectively 24.26%, 14.33%, 26.91%, 13.17% and 19.79%, wherein, the peak of the average content of starch of La.punctata0202 during above-mentioned 100 days surpassed 30%; The content of starch increase rate of 5 kinds of duckweeds is respectively 307%, 953%, 393%, 429% and 701%.As shown in Figure 9, in the present embodiment, the starch yield of duckweed is all higher, and the average starch yield of 5 kinds of duckweeds is followed successively by 3.02g/m
2/ d, 1.99g/m
2/ d, 3.49g/m
2/ d, 1.60g/m
2/ d and 2.43g/m
2/ d, wherein, the average starch yield of La.punctata0202 is the highest, be equivalent to 0.85t//mu, the output of crude protein is 0.85t//mu simultaneously, is secondly La.punctata0224, its starch yield is 0.74t//mu, and crude protein output is 0.90t//mu simultaneously.The average starch rate of growth of 5 kinds of duckweeds is 1111%～4110%.
As shown in Figure 7, during 100 days that above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process continue, the average crude protein content of these 5 kinds of duckweeds of La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776 is 27.42～32.93%, compare with comparative example slightly and decline, but crude protein output is all improved largely, the crude protein output of 5 kinds of duckweeds is respectively 3.70g/m
2/ d, 4.37g/m
2/ d, 3.51g/m
2/ d, 3.60g/m
2/ d and 4.01g/m
2/ d, wherein, the average crude protein output of L.japonica0223 is the highest, and its crude protein output is equivalent to 1.06t//mu, and starch yield is 0.31t//mu simultaneously; The average crude protein rate of growth of 5 kinds of duckweeds is 142%～222%.
From Figure 10 and Figure 11, during 100 days that above-mentioned waste water treatment and duckweed growth process continue, these 5 kinds of duckweeds of La.punctata0224, L.japonica0223, La.punctata0202, L.japonica0234 and La.punctata7776 are respectively 45.80%, 66.56%, 45.39%, 58.58% and 47.97% to the tp removal rate of sewage, compare with comparative example, all be greatly increased, sewage total phosphorus is removed increase rate can reach 125%～161%; Compare with comparative example, 5 kinds of duckweeds also increase to some extent to the nitrogen removal rate of sewage, be respectively 39.03%, 47.71%, 43.00%, 48.98% and 48.79%, 5 kind of duckweed sewage total nitrogen is removed to increase rate can reach 29%～75%.
Data and above comparative analysis in comprehensive embodiment and comparative example are known, the crude protein output of 5 kinds of duckweeds in embodiment, starch yield, the nitrogen removal efficiency of sewage and tp removal rate have all been obtained to raising by a relatively large margin simultaneously, illustrate that the method for the invention can improve crude protein and the starch yield of duckweed simultaneously, and promote the removal of sewerage nitrogen and phosphor pollutant simultaneously.
Claims (10)
1. a method that simultaneously improves duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance, it is characterized in that operation is as follows: in the treatment tank in, printing opacity booth airtight to being arranged on, input sewage, then duckweed is seeded in to sewage surface, and in booth, passes into CO daytime every day
2the Inlet and outlet water mode for the treatment of tank is continuous water inlet, continuous drainage or is intermittent water inflow, intermittent drainage, controlling the hydraulic detention time of sewage in treatment tank is 2～15 days, duckweed is realized the processing of sewage in growth, needs regularly to salvage part duckweed during waste water treatment and duckweed growth.
2. improve according to claim 1 the method for duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance simultaneously, it is characterized in that CO
2intake should make the CO in gas in daytime booth
2concentration is 500～3000ppm.
3. according to the method that improves duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance described in claim 1 or 2 simultaneously, the cladding material that it is characterized in that forming airtight booth is printing opacity and gastight material.
4. improve according to claim 3 the method for duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance simultaneously, it is characterized in that described printing opacity and gastight material are light-passing plastic film or transparent glass.
5. according to the method that improves duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance described in claim 1 or 2 simultaneously, it is characterized in that the coverage rate according to 100～200% is seeded in sewage surface by duckweed.
6. according to the method that improves duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance described in claim 1 or 2 simultaneously, it is characterized in that salvaging part duckweed once every 1～8 day, the coverage rate that the salvaging amount of each duckweed should meet the rear sewage of salvaging surface duckweed is 100～200%.
7. improve according to claim 3 the method for duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance simultaneously, it is characterized in that salvaging part duckweed once every 1～8 day, the coverage rate that the salvaging amount of each duckweed should meet the rear sewage of salvaging surface duckweed is 100～200%.
8. improve according to claim 5 the method for duckweed starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance simultaneously, it is characterized in that salvaging part duckweed once every 1～8 day, the coverage rate that the salvaging amount of each duckweed should meet the rear sewage of salvaging surface duckweed is 100～200%.
9. according to improve the method for floating starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance described in claim 1 or 2 simultaneously, the total nitrogen concentration that it is characterized in that described sewage is 4～40ppm, and total phosphorus concentration is 1～6ppm.
10. improve according to claim 3 the method for floating starch and crude protein output and sewerage nitrogen and phosphor clearance, the total nitrogen concentration that it is characterized in that described sewage is 4～40ppm simultaneously, and total phosphorus concentration is 1～6ppm.
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