CN103941321A - 光学膜及液晶显示器 - Google Patents

光学膜及液晶显示器 Download PDF

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CN103941321A
CN103941321A CN201310247619.8A CN201310247619A CN103941321A CN 103941321 A CN103941321 A CN 103941321A CN 201310247619 A CN201310247619 A CN 201310247619A CN 103941321 A CN103941321 A CN 103941321A
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blooming
optical layers
optical
light
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CN103941321B (zh
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庄小玲
陈世昌
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Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Xiamen Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Xiamen Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0053Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
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    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/133526Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
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    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/133528Polarisers
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种光学膜,所述光学膜包括第一光学层和第二光学层,所述第一光学层位于所述第二光学层之上;所述第二光学层为复合材料层,包括基材和掺杂层,所述掺杂层设于所述基材内。所述光学膜能够重复利用外界光源,提升了光源利用率。

Description

光学膜及液晶显示器
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示领域,特别是一种光学膜,以及采用该光学膜的液晶显示器。
背景技术
液晶显示器背光源产生的光为自然光,其由偏振方向相互垂直的P方向偏振光与S方向偏振光共同组成。当该自然光经导光板耦合出射至偏光片时,由于偏光片仅允许偏振方向与其通光方向平行的部分偏振光通过,而偏振方向与其通光方向垂直的偏振光则被全部吸收损耗。因此,通常情况下最终通过液晶显示器的光线最多只有背光源一半的能量,而至少一半的光能量被损耗,无法充分利用光线,降低了光线的利用率。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种光学膜和采用该光学膜的液晶显示器,其有效避免了由于现有技术的限制和缺陷导致的一个或更多的问题。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案之一为:
一种光学膜,所述光学膜包括第一光学层和第二光学层,所述第一光学层位于所述第二光学层之上;所述第二光学层为复合材料层,包括基材和掺杂层,所述掺杂层设于所述基材内。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案之二为:
一种液晶显示器,其包括液晶显示面板、背光源以及光学膜,所述液晶显示面板位于显示器最外层,所述光学膜包括第一光学层和第二光学层,所述第一光学层位于所述第二光学层之上;所述第二光学层为复合层,所述第二光学层为复合材料层,包括基材和掺杂层,所述掺杂层设于所述基材内。
本发明提供了一种光学膜和采用所述光学膜的液晶显示器。当外界光线入射进光学膜时,外界光线中,与光学膜通光方向一致的偏振光将射出光学膜,而外界光线中与光学膜通光方向垂直的偏振光将被光学膜反射。所述光学膜设于液晶显示器中,位于背光源与液晶显示面板之间,因此,从背光源中射出的光线,与光学膜通光方向一致的偏振光将最终出射于液晶显示器,而与光学膜通光方向垂直的偏振光被光学膜反射之后,经过背光源的扩散破坏作用,转变为自然光,再重新被光学膜利用,以此循环往复,能够充分地将光源所产生的光线射出液晶显示器,提高了光源利用率,提升了液晶显示器的显示亮度。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一实施例中光学膜的剖面示意图。
图2为图1中A处的放大示意图。
图3为本发明第一实施例中,入射角与第一、二光学层折射率比值的曲线图之一。
图4为本发明第一实施例中,入射角与第一、二光学层折射率比值的曲线图之二。
图5为本发明第二实施例光学膜的的剖面示意图。
图6为本发明液晶显示器的分解示意图。
图7为本发明液晶显示器中,光源被利用的示意图。
具体实施方式
请参考图1和图2,为本发明第一实施例的光学膜10。光学膜10包括第一光学层12、第二光学层14和第三光学层16。
图1所示,第一光学层12位于光学膜10的最底层,其为具有多个棱镜122的棱镜片。棱镜122的顶角定义为β,各个棱镜122的顶角β朝光学膜10外侧凸出,即凸出方向背向第二光学层14。入射光线C1进入光学膜10之后,与光学膜10通光方向一致的入射光线以布鲁斯特角入射光学膜10,其在第一光学层12上的入射角定义为α。入射角α即入射光线C1与法线N的夹角,角度范围是52.2°≤α<90°。各个棱镜122的顶角β设置为β=180°-2α。将每两个棱镜122之间的底部夹角γ设为与入射角α相同,即α=γ。由于入射光C1中还有部分的入射光线与光学膜10的通光方向垂直,这部分光线将沿着光路L2前进,进入第二光学层14将会被第二光学层14反射出光学膜10。第一光学层12为有机薄膜,如PET(聚对苯二甲酸类塑料)、或者PC(聚碳酸酯)等。第一光学层12的折射率n1为1.3~1.8。
第二光学层14位于光学膜10的中间层。第二光学层14为复合材料,包括基材142和掺杂层144。掺杂层144包括多个气泡层。各个气泡均为狭长型,其内为空气或者可以为二氧化碳或其他惰性气体。所述气泡的折射率n20低于第一光学层12的折射率n1以及基材142的折射率n2。第二光学层14的制造工艺不限于拉伸、涂布、溶胶成膜或者发泡形成。以拉伸为例,先拉伸基材142,然后向基材142内注入惰性气体,以在基材142内形成气泡。这些气泡形成了多个气泡层,所述每层气泡层紧密贴合,填充于所述基材142内。可以理解为这些气泡层的光学作用相当于多个紧挨着的玻璃层,根据玻片堆起偏原理,若入射至光学膜10的角度为布鲁斯特角,经过气泡层的多层折射与反射,最终出射光学膜10(10a)的光线将为完全线偏振光。
同第一光学层12,第二光学层14的基材142为有机薄膜,如PET(聚对苯二甲酸类塑料)、或者PC(聚碳酸酯)等。第二光学层基材142的折射率n2为1.3~1.8。
掺杂层144的各个气泡内还可以设置二氧化硅粒子。二氧化硅粒子的折射率在1.2以下。或者,掺杂层144采用了多个二氧化硅粒子代替气泡结构,以涂布、溶胶的形式填充于基材142内。根据布鲁斯特原理,不限于采用气泡或者二氧化硅粒子,只要是折射率n20低于第一光学层12折射率n1以及第二光学层基材142的折射率n2,即可实现布鲁斯特起偏的效果。
图2为图1中A处的放大示意图,光线进入第二光学层14后,与光学膜10通光方向一致的入射光线C2以入射角θin入射掺杂层144,(此时入射光线C2的光路相当于图1中的光路L1),此时入射角θin与第二光学层中基材142折射率n2、掺杂层144折射率n20之间的光系为出射角θout与第二光学层中基材142折射率n2、掺杂层144折射率n20之间的关系为光线进入第二光学层14后,与光学膜10通光方向垂直的入射光线将被掺杂层144反射出光学膜10,形成反射光线D(相当于图1中的光路L2)。
第三光学层16设于光学膜10的最上层。第三光学层16为偏光片,其结构与作用与现有的偏光片相同,不限于吸收型偏光片或者反射型偏光片等。本实施例中,第三光学层16的折射率n3为1.3~1.8。
本发明中,光学膜10的整体厚度在0.03mm以上。
图3和图4用于解释当第一光学层12的折射率n1和第二光学层基材142的折射率n2在1.3~1.8时,入射角α的理想数值。为了使入射角α以布鲁斯特角入射进光学膜10,入射角α与空气折射率n0、第一光学层折射率n1和第二光学层折射率n2、掺杂层144折射率n20应满足关系式: arcsin ( n 1 n 2 sin ( α - arcsin ( n 0 n 1 sin α ) ) ) = arc ( n 20 n 2 ) .
图3所示,a、b、c、d、e、f和g这七条曲线分别代表不同数值的n1时,入射角α与n1/n2比值的变化。为了满足上述公式 ( arcsin ( n 1 n 2 sin ( α - arcsin ( n 0 n 1 sin α ) ) ) = arc ( n 20 n 2 ) ) , 当n1为定值,随着n1/n2减小(n2增大),入射角α需不断增大以满足上述公式;当入射角α为定值,随着n1的增大,n1/n2将减小以满足公式;当n1/n2为定值,随着n1的减小,入射角α增大以满足公式。
图4所示,一般情况下第一光学层12折射率n1和第二光学层14折射率n2在1.0以上,目前已知可以用来做各光学层的材料折射率范围是1.3~1.8,那么n1/n2范围为0.72~1.38;因此当第一光学层折射率n1和第二光学层折射率n2的取值范围为1.3~1.8时,阴影区域满足上述公式 ( arcsin ( n 1 n 2 sin ( α - arcsin ( n 0 n 1 sin α ) ) ) = arc ( n 20 n 2 ) ) , 此时,入射角α的最小值是52.2°,对应n1=1.80,n1/n2=1.38。
请参考图5,为本发明第二实施例所提供的光学膜10a,包括第一光学层12a、第二光学层14a和第三光学层16a。
第一光学层12a位于光学膜10a的最底层,为具有多个棱镜122a的棱镜片。棱镜122a的顶角定义为β’,各个棱镜122a的顶角β’朝向光学膜10a内侧,即面向第二光学层14a。第一光学层12a的各个棱镜122a与第二光学层14a嵌合。光线C3入射于光学膜10a时,入射角α’、棱镜122a顶角β’和每两个相邻棱镜122a的底部夹角γ’的关系为:β’=180°-2α’,α’=γ’。
当第一光学层12a的折射率n1’大于第二光学层基材142a的折射率n2’时,光线C3从所述第一光学层12a进入所述第二光学层14a时,入射角α’与第一光学层12a折射率n1’、第二光学层基材142a折射率n2’和第二光学层掺杂层144a折射率n20’的关系为 arcsin ( n 2 ′ n 1 ′ sin α ′ ) - α ′ = arctan ( n 20 ′ n 2 ′ ) .
当第一光学层12a的折射率n1’小于第二光学层基材142a的折射率n2’时,光线C3从所述第一光学层12a进入所述第二光学层14a时,入射角α’与第一光学层12a折射率n1’、第二光学层基材142a折射率n2’和第二光学层掺杂层144a折射率n20’的关系为 α ′ - arcsin ( n 2 ′ n 1 ′ sin α ′ ) = arctan ( n 20 ′ n 2 ′ ) .
第一光学层12a、第二光学层14a和第三光学层16a的材料、折射率同第一实施例的相应光学层,在此不赘述。
本发明第二实施例中,同第一实施例中光学膜10的工作原理,当光线C3入射光学膜10a后,与光学膜10a通光方向一致的偏振光线沿着光路L3从光学膜10a射出,光线C3中与光学膜10a通光方向垂直的偏振光线将被光学膜10a的第二光学层14a向外反射(此反射光路未绘示于图5中)。
本发明所提供的光学膜10(10a)中,第一光学层12(12a)、第二光学层14(14a)和第三光学层(16a)三者贴合为一体。也可以将光学膜10(10a)设置为可分离的结构,如第一光学层12(12a)与第二光学层14(14a)贴合,而第三光学层(16a)分离出光学膜10(10a);或者这三个光学层均为独立结构。
本发明第一、二实施例所提供的光学膜10(10a),其包括三层光学层,其中第二光学层14(14a)内的掺杂层144(144a)为多个气泡层,当光线以布鲁斯特角入射光学膜10(10a)时,经过所述多个气泡层的折射与反射,最终出射光学膜10(10a)的光线将为完全线偏振光。
本发明还提供了一种采用所述光学膜10(10a)的液晶显示器100。请参考图6,为本发明液晶显示器100的分解结构示意图。液晶显示器100包括光学膜10(10a)、液晶显示面板20和背光源。
液晶显示面板20位于显示器100的最外层,所述光学膜10(10a)位于液晶显示面板20与所述背光源之间。所述背光源包括依次设于光学膜10(10a)之下的棱镜片30、扩散片40、导光板50和反射片60和光源F。
反射片60用于反射从光源F和导光板50射出的光,以充分利用光源F。导光板50上设有微结构(图中未绘示),将光源F射出的点光源或线光源变成面光源。扩散片40可以扩散光线,提升光线分布均匀度,以遮蔽液晶显示面板20可能存在的网点或瑕疵。光学膜10(10a)用于拉直背光源射出的光线,使光路L4朝轴向汇聚增益,以提升液晶显示器100的显示亮度。
图7为本发明所提供的液晶显示器100中,光源F被充分利用的示意图。光源F分成两种互相垂直的偏振光P1和S1,偏振光P1与光学膜10(10a)的通光方向一致,因此偏振光P1穿透光学膜10(10a),而偏振光S1由10(10a)反射后形成S2,经背光源的各层结构(棱镜片30、扩散片40、导光板50和反射片60)被扩散破坏,转变为自然光(包括相互垂直的两种偏振光线),再与光源F所产生的光源一起组成偏振光P2和S2′,再次入射光学膜10(10a),偏振光P2通过光学膜10(10a),最终出射于液晶显示面板10,而与光学膜10(10a)通光方向不一致的偏振光S2′将被反射出光学膜10(10a),形成偏振光S3,经背光源各层结构(棱镜片30、扩散片40、导光板50和反射片60)的扩散破坏,转变为自然光,与光源F所产生光源一起组成偏振光P3和S3′,偏振光P3通过光学膜10(10a),最终出射于液晶显示面板10,以此往复循环利用光源F射出的光线,能够实现多次穿透,充分利用了光源F,提升了液晶显示器100的整体亮度。
本发明的液晶显示器100,将光学膜10(10a)设置于液晶显示面板10与背光源之间,因此,从光源F产生的光线(自然光)进入光学膜10(10a)后,与光学膜10(10a)通光方向一致的光线,以布鲁斯特角进入光学膜10(10a),经过第二光学层14(14a)的多次折射,出射于液晶显示面板10;与光学膜10(10a)通光方向垂直的光线,被第二光学层14(14a)多次反射,经背光源各层结构(棱镜片30、扩散片40、导光板50和反射片60)的扩散破坏,变成自然光,与光源F产生的光线再次入射光学膜10(10a),以此循环往复,光学膜10(10a)拉直了从背光源射出的光线,使光路朝轴向汇聚增益,提高了光源F利用率,提升了液晶显示器100的显示亮度。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (17)

1.一种光学膜,其特征在于,所述光学膜包括第一光学层和第二光学层,所述第一光学层位于所述第二光学层之上;所述第二光学层为复合材料层,包括基材和掺杂层,所述掺杂层设于所述基材内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述掺杂层包括至少一个狭长形气泡。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述掺杂层包括多个气泡层。
4.根据权利要求4所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述气泡内为空气或者二氧化碳。
5.根据权利要求2所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述气泡内还设有二氧化硅粒子。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述掺杂层包括至少一个粒子,所述粒子的折射率低于第一光学层和第二光学层基材的折射率。
7.根据权利要求6所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述掺杂层包括多个粒子层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述粒子为二氧化硅粒子。
9.根据权利要求1所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述第一光学层为具有多个棱镜的棱镜片,所述棱镜的顶角朝光学膜外侧凸出。
10.根据权利要求9所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述棱镜顶角处的入射角α为52.2°≤α<90°,所述顶角的角度β=180°-2α。
11.根据权利要求10所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述第一光学层每两个相邻棱镜之间的夹角定义为γ,其中α=γ。
12.根据权利要求1所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述第一光学层为具有多个棱镜的棱镜片,所述棱镜的顶角朝向光学膜内侧。
13.根据权利要求9或12所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述光学膜还包括位于所述第二光学层上方的第三光学层,为偏光层。
14.根据权利要求13所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述第一光学层、第二光学层的基材和第三光学层的折射率范围均为1.3~1.8。
15.根据权利要求14所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述第二光学层中掺杂层的折射率在1.2以下。
16.根据权利要求15所述的光学膜,其特征在于,所述光学膜的厚度在0.03mm以上。
17.一种液晶显示器,其特征在于,其包括液晶显示面板、背光源以及根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的光学膜,所述液晶显示面板位于显示器最外层,所述光学膜设于所述液晶显示面板和所述背光源之间。
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