CN103928705A - Zinc chloride electrical energy storage device - Google Patents

Zinc chloride electrical energy storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103928705A
CN103928705A CN201310725650.8A CN201310725650A CN103928705A CN 103928705 A CN103928705 A CN 103928705A CN 201310725650 A CN201310725650 A CN 201310725650A CN 103928705 A CN103928705 A CN 103928705A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
negative pole
zinc
electrical energy
ion
positive
Prior art date
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Pending
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CN201310725650.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
申思
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN201310725650.8A priority Critical patent/CN103928705A/en
Publication of CN103928705A publication Critical patent/CN103928705A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/365—Zinc-halogen accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/38—Construction or manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrical energy storage device. The electrical energy storage device comprises a positive pole, a negative pole and a diaphragm material, the positive pole and the negative pole are immersed in a zinc chloride solution, and the diaphragm material is arranged between the positive pole and the negative pole; zinc chloride contains more than or equal to 0.5mol/L of chlorine ions and zinc ions, a positive pole material is made from a carbon material with adsorbability and conductivity, the negative pole is made from a foamy metal or foamy graphite or amorphous carbon with electrical conductivity, and the diaphragm material is made from a thin-layer material with ion or solution permeability. The electrical energy storage device has the advantages of high energy density, high power density, high charging speed, simple structure, low manufacture cost, and no lead pollution.

Description

Zinc chlorine apparatus for storing electrical energy
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apparatus for storing electrical energy, particularly a kind of positive pole and negative pole immerse the battery in electrolyte.
Background technology
Existing the most frequently used apparatus for storing electrical energy is lead acid accumulator, its cost is minimum, but energy density is minimum (20 ~ 40wh/Kg) also, power density is moderate, and charging rate slow (generally needing just can be full of for 8 ~ 14 hours), particularly this storage battery is plumbous because needs are used, so its manufacture, use and old and useless battery treatment all exist the pollution problem of heavy metal lead.Also have now in addition alkaline nickel-hydrogen battery, lithium battery, though and do not popularized, develop very fast fuel cell.Lithium battery is current most popular portable power supplies, it has energy density large (100 ~ 150wh/Kg), the advantages such as power density is large, charging rate is also calculated and (can in 4 hours, be full of the electric weight of 90% left and right) than faster in conventional power source, but because its cost is high, its application is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides and a kind ofly can not use plumbous storage battery.
Apparatus for storing electrical energy of the present invention is a kind of zinc-chlorine apparatus for storing electrical energy, it is that positive pole, the negative pole in the solution of immersion zinc chloride and the diaphragm material being arranged between both positive and negative polarity form, chloride ion and the zinc ion of contain >=0.5mol/L of zinc chloride wherein, positive electrode forms with the material with carbon element that possesses adsorptivity and conductivity, negative pole forms by possessing the foamed metal of conductivity or foam-like graphite or amorphous carbon, and diaphragm material consists of the coating substances that has ion or solution and see through ability.
The another kind of structure of zinc-chlorine apparatus for storing electrical energy of the present invention is by the first container that is contained with liquor zinci chloridi in it, positive pole in the solution of immersion zinc chloride, negative pole and be arranged at the diaphragm material between both positive and negative polarity, and the second container for stored-gas being communicated with container and the pump that can make gas in second container turn back to the first container form, chloride ion and the zinc ion of contain >=0.5mol/L of zinc chloride wherein, positive electrode metal material forms, negative pole forms by possessing the foamed metal of conductivity or foam-like graphite or amorphous carbon, barrier film forms by having ion or the solution layer material through ability.
Barrier film in the present invention can be asbestos diaphragm, NF membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, amberplex, filter paper or filter cloth, and its Main Function is the electronics path of blocking-up both positive and negative polarity, can ensure that the ion in solution passes through simultaneously.
Negative material of the present invention is the foam-like material that possesses conductivity, and for example foam-like or spongiform copper, aluminium, titanium or zinc, also can be used material with carbon element, as graphite or amorphous carbon.
In the first structure of the present invention, cell positive material is the charcoal with adsorption property, as carbon black, carbon fiber and fabric thereof, conduction active-carbon, porous graphite, carbon nano-tube, or the mixture being formed by aforementioned substances, anode of the present invention has two effects, and one is used for conducting electricity current collection; It is two for adsorbing anodal operation material---chlorine (Cl 2).
In the second structure of the present invention, the positive pole of battery can be common metal.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, energy density is high, and theoretical energy density can reach 678.5wh/Kg;
2, power density is large;
3, charging rate is fast: use for reference related industries data estimation, this battery can be full of within a few minutes.4, simple in structure, preparation cost is low, the operation material that uses and its element of electrode material storage capacity in the earth's crust large, and material itself more easily obtains;
5,, because battery of the present invention is not used lead, therefore there is not the problem of lead contamination.
 
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the first structural representation of the present invention, and accompanying drawing 2 is the schematic diagram of the second structure of the present invention.Accompanying drawing 3 is an Experimental equipment of the present invention.In figure: 1 is anode; 2 is the barrier film of battery; 3 is power cathode; 4 for being communicated with the pipeline of the first container and second container; 5 is air pump compressor; 6 second containers.
Embodiment
The present invention explains orally below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment.
In the first structure providing at accompanying drawing 1, anodal 1, negative pole 3 and the barrier film 2 that is placed between lower negative pole are positioned over to the first container (not marking in the drawings the first container).In the first container, put into saturated liquor zinci chloridi, make anodal 1, negative pole 3 and the barrier film 2 that is placed between lower negative pole is all dipped in zinc chloride.In charging work, be of the present inventionly dipped in anodal operation material chlorine (Cl 2) be attracted on positive electrode material (as active carbon) and directly in electrolyte solution, participate in reaction.In structure chart two, anodal operation material chlorine (Cl 2) be stored in chlorine storage tank, by pipeline, flow to positive pole and contact participation reaction with electrolyte solution.
Battery of the present invention reaction on electrode when charging is:
Anodal: 2Cl --2e -=Cl 2
Negative pole: Zn 2++ 2e -=Zn.
Above two kinds of structures of the present invention are in electric discharge, and its operation principle is similar: the reaction on its anodal negative pole is:
On positive pole: Cl 2+ 2e -=2Cl -e mono-=-0.76V
On negative pole: Zn-2e -=Zn 2+e mono-=+ 1.36V
Theoretical discharge voltage can reach 2.12V.
The example structure of the first structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, after wherein mixing with the ratio of 4:1 with active carbon and carbon black, be pressed into two thin layers as the positive and negative electrode of battery, the fast qualitative filter paper of use for laboratory of take is middle spacer film, is soaked in zinc chloride saturated solution (as electrolyte).Device positive and negative electrode is connected with the positive and negative electrode of external direct current power supply respectively, and with the constant-potential charge of 3.5V, the variation of charging current is as shown in the table therebetween:
As shown above, in the time of 360 seconds, current reduction is to 3.3A, and substantially remains unchanged, and can be considered and charged.Now, measuring battery the two poles of the earth open circuit voltage is 2.2V.Battery is connected to a miniature bulb (2.5V, 0.3A), can light miniature bulb.Measuring battery closed circuit voltage is 2.05V, and in circuit, electric current is 0.25A, continues energising after 6 hours, and measuring battery closed circuit voltage is 1.92V, and in circuit, electric current is 0.23A.It is luminous that miniature bulb still keeps, and brightness is without significant change.
In the embodiment of the second structure shown in Fig. 2, with the titanium net of plating ruthenium, do anodal 1, the fast qualitative filter paper of use for laboratory of take is barrier film, with foamed aluminium (aperture 0.3 ~ 7mm, porosity 84%) for negative pole 2. is owing to being subject to the restriction of condition, do not use in an embodiment pump, but used the device of Fig. 3, and utilize water column principle of negative pressure, with gas bottle, diplopore plug, emulsion tube, glass tube and beaker, made chlorine by oneself and collected storage device and replace chlorine gas compressor and chlorine storage tank.In use, in accompanying drawing 3 devices, a mouth is connected with one section of glass tube vertically standing in beaker by emulsion tube, in gas bottle and glass tube, fill saturated aqueous common salt, a small amount of saturated aqueous common salt is also housed in beaker, and glass tube lower end is immersed in experiment water (liquid level in beaker will lower than about 50cm at the bottom of gas bottle), the wireway that b mouth is got with anode is connected.After device connects, with 3.5V voltage, battery is charged, can see the carrying out along with charging, the liquid level slow decreasing in the gas bottle in chlorine storage device, and show slightly yellow green.Maximum charging current can reach 12.8A.Charge after 210 seconds, because the liquid in 250ml gas bottle is drained (being all gathered into chlorine), charging is forced to stop.Subsequently, beaker is raised, made liquid level wherein higher than the about 30cm of gas collection bottleneck, and battery and miniature bulb (2.5V, 0.3A) are connected simultaneously, miniature bulb is lit, and measurement closed circuit voltage is 2.15V, and in circuit, electric current is 0.26A.After continuous discharge 2 hours, bulb brightness does not have significant change, and closed circuit voltage is still 2.15V, and in circuit, electric current is still 0.26A, now because chlorine stored in gas bottle has run low, is forced to stop experiment.

Claims (2)

1. zinc-chlorine apparatus for storing electrical energy, it is characterized in that positive pole, the negative pole in the solution of immersion zinc chloride and the diaphragm material being arranged between both positive and negative polarity form, chloride ion and the zinc ion of contain >=0.5mol/L of zinc chloride wherein, positive electrode forms with the material with carbon element that possesses adsorptivity and conductivity, negative pole forms by possessing the foamed metal of conductivity or foam-like graphite or amorphous carbon, and diaphragm material consists of the coating substances that has ion or solution and see through ability.
2. zinc-chlorine apparatus for storing electrical energy, it is characterized in that by the first container that is contained with liquor zinci chloridi in it, positive pole in the solution of immersion zinc chloride, negative pole and be arranged at the diaphragm material between both positive and negative polarity, and the second container for stored-gas being communicated with container and the pump that can make gas in second container turn back to the first container form, chloride ion and the zinc ion of contain >=0.5mol/L of zinc chloride wherein, positive electrode metal material forms, negative pole forms by possessing the foamed metal of conductivity or foam-like graphite or amorphous carbon, diaphragm material is to have the coating substances that ion or solution sees through ability to form.
CN201310725650.8A 2013-12-25 2013-12-25 Zinc chloride electrical energy storage device Pending CN103928705A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108110294A (en) * 2017-11-17 2018-06-01 华东师范大学 A kind of zinc iodine battery structure

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101404340A (en) * 2007-09-24 2009-04-08 恩福塞尔公司 Thin battery with longer life time
CN101803087A (en) * 2007-01-16 2010-08-11 普里默斯电力公司 Electrochemical energy cell system
CN102110839A (en) * 2009-12-29 2011-06-29 万向电动汽车有限公司 Battery
CN102479968A (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-30 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Zinc / polyhalide energy storage cell

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101803087A (en) * 2007-01-16 2010-08-11 普里默斯电力公司 Electrochemical energy cell system
CN101404340A (en) * 2007-09-24 2009-04-08 恩福塞尔公司 Thin battery with longer life time
CN102110839A (en) * 2009-12-29 2011-06-29 万向电动汽车有限公司 Battery
CN102479968A (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-30 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Zinc / polyhalide energy storage cell

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108110294A (en) * 2017-11-17 2018-06-01 华东师范大学 A kind of zinc iodine battery structure
CN108110294B (en) * 2017-11-17 2021-05-25 华东师范大学 Zinc-iodine battery structure

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Application publication date: 20140716

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