CN103927389B - A kind of flood geoanalysis assesses the construction method of dynamic model - Google Patents
A kind of flood geoanalysis assesses the construction method of dynamic model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The construction method of dynamic model is assessed the present invention relates to disaster information management domain, more particularly to a kind of flood geoanalysis, including：The primary data in region to be analyzed is gathered, is stored after compression into the lightweight spatial database for creating；Primary data is transferred, the analysis of flood inundation model for building is initialized, final flood inundation on tracks area areal map and depth of water classification figure are obtained using seed point spread algorithm；The data input flood Loss Assessment Technique Mathematical Modeling and flood risk assessment Mathematical Modeling of final flood inundation on tracks area areal map and depth of water classification figure after by integration are calculated, and obtain each village economy damaed cordition in flood storage and detention basin and potential disaster-stricken risk after flood inundation on tracks.The present invention constructs function admirable, the Spatial Database Systems of stable and reliable operation and analysis of flood inundation model, optimize the organization and management method of image raster data, the flood inundation on tracks situation of flood storage and detention basin under specified criteria is more intuitively presented, and consequential loss evaluation function is provided.
Description
Technical field
Dynamic model is assessed the present invention relates to disaster information management domain, more particularly to a kind of flood geoanalysis
Construction method.
Background technology
Flood is that occur the most frequently, and seriously threatens one of human survival and the natural calamity of development.Flood
Disaster has complexity features, and its occurrence frequency is high, and coverage is wide, causes damage big.The whole world is annual because flood is made
Into the number of casualties exceed all because of the 65% of the natural calamity number of casualties, the loss for causing exceedes all because natural calamity is lost
30%.Flood has become the significant problem of human society facing and concern.China is hair maximum in the world
Country, is also to be influenceed one of country of most serious by flood in the world in exhibition.According to incompletely statistics, annual China averagely has
Farmland more than 100,000,000 mu is subjected to flood, nearly 20,000,000,000 yuan of the economic loss for causing, and accounts for annual Major Natural Disasters and always damages
More than 30% for losing, accounts for 1%-the 2% of China's gross national product, wherein, seven big rivers and coastal all river valleies are flood and waterlogs
Harmful district occurred frequently.
Therefore, flood had turned into the significant problem of human society facing and concern already, for flood
Research has been a hot fields both domestic and external.
(1) advance of freshet model
Losses due to flood and waterlogging situation is estimated, primary task seeks to understand fully the mechanism and drill that flood is produced
The process entered and disappear and influence.For the research of this respect, domestic and foreign scholars have done numerous studies.Particularly to flood
The numerical simulation of evolution, is developed rapidly under the wide variety of background of computational science, and flood is widely used in recent years
Early-warning and predicting system.Its Mathematical Modeling mainly has Hydrodynamic Model and the class of hydrological model two.
Many progress are also achieved in terms of the visualization of advance of freshet numerical simulation.Visualization technique was in 80 years last century
Generation formal proposition, through being applied among multiple fields, for visualization in scientific computing provides strong support.In recent years
Come, with geoanalysis as background, the advance of freshet visual research realized with Spatial Information Technology is increasingly subject to the weight of people
Depending on it can provide various spatial analysis and the powerful explained for the development of advance of freshet visualization system, can be right
Remote sensing, remote measurement, the hydrology, geography, traffic, the network of waterways, Gongjian etc. differently table space information carry out comprehensive analysis, statistics and
Measurement.
(2) losses due to flood and waterlogging assessment technology
In the very long period of history, flood control works are always the topmost measure of defending flood, particularly since modern age
Input of each main flood country of the world in terms of flood control is stepped up, and flood forecasting and the process capability to flood regulation and control have
It is significant to improve, but casualty loss is not under control, and increases considerably on the contrary, and disaster occurrence frequency also has no reduction.By
This is visible, and simple engineering means are uneconomic, and unconfined enhancing the capacity of preventing floods is unsustainable, so, flood control subtracts
Calamity non-engineering measure is increasingly valued by people, and it embodies the mankind as a kind of important supplement of structural measures of flood control
Respect floor regulation, avoid the attack of flood as far as possible by adjusting itself behavior, prevent and mitigate flood damage to reach
Purpose.
Flood control and disaster reduction non-engineering measure can be divided into the non-engineering measure of the physical attribute based on flood, based on risk conception
Non-engineering measure, four kinds of the non-engineering measure based on management science and the non-engineering measure based on policy and regulation.For flood
Damage caused by waterlogging evil carries out a kind of system research that loss appraisal has exactly considered these four non-engineering measures.It is in research flood
On the basis of the physical attribute such as formation and propagation, the mode to advance of freshet is simulated, then according to the randomness of flood
Risk assessment and risk management are carried out with dynamic, and assesses the damaed cordition after there is flood, finally provide policy and method
Non-engineering measure on rule.It can thus be seen that Flood Damage assessment carries out flood control and disaster reduction non-engineering measure research
Important content.Flood Damage evaluation studies are conducive to the daily management before big flood generation, emergent in big flood generating process
The management in recovery and process of reconstruction after management and disaster generation, while being also the foundation prevented and reduced natural disasters and provide calamity money.Therefore,
The research to Flood Damage assessment should be strengthened, while it is also the breakthrough enhanced the capacity of preventing floods to study Flood Damage assessment
One of point.Additionally, Flood Damage evaluation studies can be regional land use planning and regional development planning provides reasonability
With reference to.
The simulation of advance of freshet is the basis of Evaluation On The Flood Disasters, and losses due to flood and waterlogging assessment is flood control and disaster reduction field
An element task, it is in plan for flood control formulation, Flood disaster risk management, flood insurance, flood control and disaster reduction performance evaluation, method
The aspects such as Laws ＆ Regulations formulation all play an important role.The existing more research both at home and abroad of the 20th century 60, seventies, it is particularly beautiful
The states such as state, Japan, do a lot of work in terms of flood Loss Assessment Technique research, achieve a series of achievements in research.These countries
Popularized because flood insurance is relative, they establish database required when fairly perfect Flood Damage is assessed --- i.e.
Data and all kinds of property loss rates in terms of social economy, therefore can faster to Flood Damage when there is flood damage
It is estimated.The sixties in 20th century, the U.S. have extensively studied management and the problem of floodplain, in Flood Damage appraisal procedure
On have exploratory meaning.Suit the and Ruell Lee in the U.S. propose the loss curve method of the unconventional depth of water one, for right
Loss during extraodinary flood is calculated, and inquires into the advantage shortcoming that have studied the loss curve of the former depth of water one, herein basis
On fit six kinds of new curves of various type of property, also referred to as averaged curve, these curve applicabilities are very extensive；The U.S. exists
When Flood Damage to Frank Lin County, Ohio in 1988 is estimated, exactly by setting up the damage of one depth of water of property one
What the functional relation of mistake was completed.
Research of the China to Flood Damage evaluation is started late.At the beginning of 20th century 90, Chinese scholar Wen Kang et al. is right
The method of Flood Damage investigation and assessment is inquired into and analyzed, and each classification assets flood loss of exhaustive presentation spy
Method of point, the principle of investigation and assessment and loss appraisal etc..Old third salty grade is studied Flood Disaster Loss loss, is proposed a kind of
The method of Flood Disaster Loss loss appraisal.Feng Ping et al. establishes Urban Flood Waterlogging on the basis of using parametric statistical methods
The assessment prediction model of economic loss, and losses due to flood and waterlogging situation to Pests in Tianjin Binhai New Area assessed and predicted.
Cheng Tao et al. is by taking Hebei province Haihe River south system " 63.8 " and " 96.8 " type big flood as an example, it is proposed that " big flood recurrence method " costing bio disturbance mould
Type, constructs flood loss rapid evaluation model, is the effective ways of region flood loss rapid evaluation；Huang Taozhen employs god
Through network structure, the losses due to flood and waterlogging assessment models of representative basin are established；Chen Xiang is to Economic Loss in Flood Disaster in Fujian Province
Evaluation and trend analysis are carried out, disaster disaster loss degree index has been constructed and is estimated Disaster Economic Loss, the method has not received disaster
The when and where limitation of generation, convenience of calculation, but need more perfect, comprehensive the condition of a disaster information.Li Qiong et al. is with China 1998
As a example by year big flood, the weighting evaluation model of flood damage assessment is established using PCA and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and to 10
The condition of a disaster in area is assessed and sorted.The assessment result of the method meets reality, but is suitable for the more full large space of information
The application of yardstick.
(3) the losses due to flood and waterlogging assessment technology based on geoanalysis
In today that science and technology is developed rapidly, inevitably Flood Damage is commented using new and high technology
Estimate.Modern geoanalysis is disclosing space-time structure, the dynamic process of regional nature, economic and social all key elements and its interaction
With Forming Mechanism, research mankind's activity and coordination and sustainable development between resource environment and social economy, for country with
Local Society, economic development provide the aspects such as scientific basis and decision support with irreplaceable effect.And in flood control and disaster reduction
During, it is necessary to a kind of instrument that various information data are obtained, store, manage and analyzed, Spatial Information Technology is full
This needs of foot.Geoanalysis can fully demonstrate globality, the synthesis of geosystem under the support of Spatial Information Technology
Property and complexity features, can integrate, integrated and development related discipline field theory, model and method, and then carry out geography
The dynamic 3 D expression of the history, present situation and future of environment, integrated moulding, simulation regulation and control, prediction and influence are evaluated, and are disclosed
The evolutionary process of geographical environment, space-time characteristic, driving mechanism and its evolving trend.So, the geography of combining space information technology
Analysis method can be assessed for losses due to flood and waterlogging, so all spectra that is related to of flood control and disaster reduction provide vital support and
Instrument, in terms of flood control and disaster reduction informationization, modernization, intelligent, accuracy, plays unmatched important function.
The correlation of geographical environment and its mankind's activity, is regarded as unified entirety, using qualitative and fixed by Modern Geography: Its
The method that amount is combined, explains the inherent mechanism of geographical phenomenon and predicts future evolution.Modern geoanalysis, integrated use is more
Mathematical method is planted, under the support of Spatial Information Technology, a series of analysis, simulation, prediction, planning, decision-making, regulation and control is established
Deng spatial model system, there is provided Database Systems, model-base management system and various application systems, so that every field is used.On
After century the nineties, remote sensing (Remote Sensing, RS) and GIS-Geographic Information System (Geographic Information
System, GIS) etc. Spatial Information Technology research and application achieve larger development, Flood Evaluation is used in field
The method of geoanalysis, the research using Spatial Information Technology also has new progress therewith.Chen Xiu ten thousand et al. utilizes RS and GIS
Technology, remote sensing Clean water withdraw model determines to be flooded scope during using flood, and carries out loss appraisal with reference to socioeconomic data.Zhan
Micro state et al. is using GIS, RS and GPS (global positioning system, Global Position System) to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River
Synthetic disaster is assessed, and its assessment models and process are mainly according to disaster database particularly dyke database and history
The foundation of disaster database, it is proposed that an assessment the condition of a disaster loses relative size, can be utilized for the index of synthetic disaster zoning
Big vast damage degree.Wang Yanyan etc. systematically elaborates the flood simulation evolution of GIS technology and the technical method and step of loss appraisal, main
Consider that submerged area, the depth of water carry out loss appraisal to flood.Liu Ziqiang utilizes hydraulics unsteady flow advance of freshet mould
Pattern draws up method for flood submerged area when three diverse locations burst, according to flood characteristics and socio-economic indicator, from large scale
Visual angle is assessed by Lower Reaches of The Yellow River flood losses.Strong et al. the hydrodynamic(al) models and remote sensing number using GIS and DEM of Cao Yong
According to so as to obtain the scope of flood inundation on tracks, by waterflooding depth and the data such as last, setting up evaluation model of flood disaster, it is contemplated that society's warp
The factors such as Ji background, property and communal facility present situation, this model needs to be completed in comprehensive complicated data basis.Chou Lei etc.
People utilizes hydrodynamic(al) model, the information grid technology based on space to form respectively social and economic information grid and the flood hydrology
Information grid, the flood losses for obtaining each spatial grid is superimposed to it, so as to show the space-time characteristics of flood damage, and root
According to the loss rate database of extreme flood, loss appraisal is carried out to terrifically big flood.Except the flood of typical hydrodynamic(al) model
Evolution determines that flood characteristic assesses outer to flood losses, from product stream, Confluence Model and using DEM and GIS technology from two-dimensionally
The method that surface model and the grid integration of vector one are combined, goes to determine that submergence ratio research Flood Damage has also been sent out
Exhibition.King's cured spring et al. is to support with GIS-Geographic Information System, based on producing the flood inundation on tracks of stream, the hydrological model that confluxes to Taihu Lake basin
Scope is simulated, and predicts economic loss when there is 1991 model year catastrophic flood damage for 2010.Qian Yu et al. is carried
Go out confluxed based on DEM and product, drainage model using GIS technology so as to obtain being flooded the factors such as region, the depth of water the condition of a disaster is carried out it is pre-
Survey, and property loss is modified using neural network model, the method makes to further increase the degree of accuracy of prediction.In profit
Determined in the method for submergence ratio with GIS technology, Ge little Ping, Fu Chun et al. based on the digital elevation model that can reflect landform and
The spatial analysis capacity of the grid of vector one integration of GIS technology carries out flood inundation on tracks specificity analysis, with reference to social economy space
Spread method, determines loss late under different type of property different water depths, builds Flood Evaluation Mathematical Modeling.
In sum, carry out flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model to study and carry out practical application, for realizing
Scientific flood management plays an important role, and is the important leverage for realizing Sustainable Socioeconomic Development.The present invention is not only
Practice significance with Flood prevention disaster, and it is multi-disciplinary theoretical and square to have merged the hydrology, geography, Spatial Information Technology etc.
Method, with preferable interdisciplinary research value and scientific application value higher, for enriching the section that flood is prevented and treated
Theory system and methods for using them has scientific meaning higher.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention has designed and developed the structure that a kind of flood geoanalysis assesses dynamic model
Construction method, it is therefore intended that constructing function is complete, function admirable, the Spatial Database Systems of stable and reliable operation and flood inundation on tracks divide
Analysis model, optimizes the organization and management method of image raster data, realizes the rapid extraction of image data and browses, and improves index
Efficiency, more intuitively represents the flood inundation on tracks situation of flood storage and detention basin under specified criteria, and provides consequential loss evaluation function.
The present invention provide technical scheme be：
A kind of flood geoanalysis assesses the construction method of dynamic model, including：
Step one, the spatial data for gathering region to be analyzed and the attribute data that is associated with the spatial data are used as first
Beginning data, and will be stored into the lightweight spatial database for creating after primary data compression；
Step 2, transferred from the lightweight spatial database using parallel computation storehouse and Intel's threading building module
The primary data, initializes the analysis of flood inundation model for building, and final flood inundation on tracks is obtained using seed point spread algorithm
Area's areal map and depth of water classification figure；
Step 3, by integration after described final flood inundation on tracks area areal map and the depth of water classification figure data input big flood damage
Lose assessment Mathematical Modeling and flood risk assessment Mathematical Modeling is calculated, obtain each village economy in flood storage and detention basin after flood inundation on tracks
Damaed cordition and potential disaster-stricken risk.
Preferably, in the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the flood inundation on tracks
The construction step and seed point spread algorithm of analysis model include：
The advance initial flood inundation on tracks area data delimited are carried out into grid partition, buffer area storing initial flood inundation on tracks is flooded
The inner mesh and boundary mesh of area's data, selection either boundary grid as initial seed point, and by the boundary mesh meter
Buffer area is flooded described in entering；
Using the traversal method of breadth First, since flooding all sides stored in buffer area to described initial seed point
Boundary's grid is traveled through, and travels through 8 neighborhood grids of each boundary mesh, judges whether 8 neighborhood grids are all present in institute
State and flood in buffer area, if 8 neighborhood grids be all present in it is described flood in buffer area, travel through next boundary mesh；If
There is 1 neighborhood grid not flood buffer area described, then judge the gridded elevation value of the neighborhood grid whether higher than current institute
The water level of boundary mesh is stated, if the gridded elevation value of the neighborhood grid is higher than the water level of presently described boundary mesh, 8 neighborhoods
Trellis traversal terminates；If the gridded elevation value of the neighborhood grid calculates the neighborhood less than the water level of presently described boundary mesh
The depth of the water submerging of grid, and using the neighborhood grid as new seed point count it is described flood buffer area, until all of border
Trellis traversal terminates, and exports final flooding area areal map and depth of water classification figure.
Preferably, in the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, flooded described in judgement
Whether each inner mesh water level of buffer area storage meets previously given water level condition, is calculated if meeting and updated inside this
The water level information of grid.
Preferably, in the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the initial flood
Flooding area data include terrain data, water level, water capacity and water surface area.
Preferably, in the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, according to rectangle grid
The primary data is divided into the big image map sheet such as multiple, each image bearing layer is constituted by multiple image map sheets, using nothing
There is the same of lightweight spatial database in seam image layer model storage image bearing layer, i.e., all image bearing layers of same image database
In RDT tables, different image databases is present in the different RDT tables of lightweight spatial database.
Preferably, in the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, according to rectangle grid
The primary data is divided into the big image map sheet such as multiple, each image bearing layer is constituted by multiple image map sheets, using point
Width image layer model stores image bearing layer, i.e., all image map sheets of same image bearing layer have the same of lightweight spatial database
In RDT tables, different image bearing layers is present in the different RDT tables of lightweight spatial database.
Preferably, in the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the primary data
Compression method include ZIP Lossless Compressions and JPEG compression methods, compression carried out with grid block.
Preferably, in the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the lightweight is empty
Spatial database carries out Seamless integration- and integration using data middleware to the primary data.
Preferably, in the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the lightweight is empty
Spatial database using subdivision grid coding method, in the basic grid that sampled point, linear target pass through, be subdivided into 256 ×
256 thin grid are divided into 16 × 16 thin grid, then record sampled point and linear target with the intersection point of fundamental mesh selvage
Linear quadtree coding.
Preferably, in the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, to the RDT tables and
The image map sheet is respectively created index.
In the construction method of flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model of the present invention, the flood that the present invention builds
Flood analysis model and more press close to truth, the evolution process of the flood that followed up in real time using seed point spread algorithm, simulation is more
Plus it is true；The small space Database Systems of complete function, function admirable, stable and reliable operation are designed and constructed, was both had
The perfect performance of large space Database Systems, but with the speed of service faster, small volume, low cost, using flexibly etc. it is small
The characteristics of type Spatial Database Systems.And, the present invention build small space Database Systems massive spatial data treatment,
Spatial data index, spatial data show etc. that aspect all achieves innovative achievements, with application value very high.
The present invention organically combines Lossless Compression and compression method, realizes the rapid extraction of image data and clear
Look at.In order to realize the rapid extraction of the image data of big data quantity and browse, it is necessary to spatial data is compressed, the present invention
The combining Lossless Compression and compression method of novelty, uses different compression means, both for different applications
The science of image data application is ensure that, the rapid extraction of image data is realized again and is browsed, achieve good effect.
The country realizes small space Database Systems to the T grades of data base administration of raster data first.The present invention builds
Small space Database Systems the large data sets that are stored as a grid with spatial information can be stored and managed,
The data base administration of T DBMSs can be carried out.
Using advanced middleware Technology, the Seamless integration- and integrated scheme of multi-source Spatial Data are constructed.In order to solve
The format differences problem existed between multi-source Spatial Data, novelty of the present invention by this concept of data middleware technology,
The Seamless integration- of GIS multi-source Spatial Datas is solved, the integration of multi-source massive spatial data is realized.
Spatial index directly is created to RDT tables, the recall precision of spatial data is drastically increased.In spatial data index
Aspect, the small space Database Systems that the present invention builds in order to accelerate the search speed of image blocks, to RDT tables create by novelty
Build spatial index；When image map sheet quantity is very big, spatial index is created to image map sheet, improve the effect searched for by map sheet
Rate.
Using unique management mode, image raster data Organization And Management method is optimized.Spatial data organization with
Management aspect, the mixing that seamless image layer model and framing image layer model both of which have been carried out of novelty of the present invention should
With optimizing image raster data Organization And Management method.
Using parallel computation and multithreading, the quick treatment and output of image are realized.Novelty of the present invention is borrowed
Help with existing parallel computation storehouse OpenMP and Intel's threading building module, with image output mode parallel with streamline,
Realize the quick treatment and output of image.The tactic pattern being combined using multithreading and multi-level buffer, realizes magnanimity shadow
As the quick visualization of data.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of analysis of flood inundation model of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification text
Word can be implemented according to this.
The present invention provides the construction method that a kind of flood geoanalysis assesses dynamic model, including：
Step one, the spatial data for gathering region to be analyzed and the attribute data that is associated with the spatial data are used as first
Beginning data, and will be stored into the lightweight spatial database for creating after primary data compression, lightweight space number
Foundation step according to storehouse includes：
Image pyramid is set up, resolution ratio of the image pyramid from bottom to top layer is reduced successively, 0 layer of image pyramid
The primary data without compression is stored, there is no any data degradation, the initial number after 1 layer of compression stored above of image pyramid
According to the size of each image pyramid depends on the size of primary data, is read out in the primary data to carrying out overcompression
When, it is necessary to call decompression module to be reduced first, decompression process can also be exhausted the regular hour, but total efficiency is relative
It is many in still to be improved before compression.If using lossy compression method mode, distortion is had after decompression, but due to just for gold
Word tower layer just does lossy compression method, and initial data is not compressed, and it is quick display service that the data of pyramidal layer are mainly, and is being carried out
Undistorted initial data can be used during image analysing computer, the correctness of analysis result is not interfered with.
Using geographical with reference to the relation set up between grating image unit coordinate system and earth coordinates, by image pyramid
In primary data be positioned in earth coordinates, grating image is tied to earth coordinates and carries out geographical reference from unit coordinate
Conversion formula is：
Row=a+b3x+c3y,
Co1=d+e3x+f3y.
Row and co1 represents the line position sequence and row position sequence of the pixel of grating image respectively, and x and y is represented a little sat in the earth respectively
Mark system in X-coordinate and Y-coordinate, a, b, c, d, e and f be in specified coefficient, and b3f-c3e value can not be 0.Sat from the earth
Mark is tied to unit coordinate system to carry out the conversion formula of geographical reference and is：
X=A3co1+B3row+C,
Y=D3co1+E3row+F.
The implication parameter corresponding with preceding formula of wherein each parameter is identical.Specify coefficient A, B, C, D, E and F with
Afterwards, corresponding coefficient a, b, c, d, e and f can automatically be obtained.
Step 2, using parallel computation storehouse OpenMP and Intel's threading building module from the lightweight spatial database
In transfer primary data, initialize the analysis of flood inundation model for building, when initial data be one times of main flow computer memory or
When person is bigger, traditional parallel such as data paralleling tactic cannot work at all.In this case, streamline is obtained successively
Access supports Thread-Level Parallelism according to internal memory is entered, and is the most frequently used strategy.When a thread carries out digital independent block image number
According to when, other threads still can carry out data processing work.The image of this heavy duty reads and tupe can be most
The reading data of limits simultaneously carry out data processing, whole data processing algorithm has been reached optimal performance, and enable to
All of thread preferably accelerates.By multithreading obtain block number according to when, traditional approach is exactly the receive data of each thread
When according to block, it is required for being connected and disconnected from connection, when certain data volume rank block is read, data output can be caused
Certain performance impact.In order to reduce this expense, the management of connection pool is carried out to connected mode.
Final flood inundation on tracks area areal map and depth of water classification figure are obtained using seed point spread algorithm, in given water level condition
Under, flood inundation on tracks has two kinds of situations：Passive flooding is flooded with active.Passive flooding refers to that all height values are less than the grid for giving water level
Lattice are all calculated and enter flooded area, do not consider connectedness；It is active to flood, it is to consider that landform connectedness i.e. flood can only flood institute
The region that can be flowed through.It is passive to flood calculating the inside and outside all generations in crater be caused to flood to some landform, such as crater landform
No area.And in active flooding, if external flood not and mountain top, can not only form flooding area outside the ring of mountain.Both situations are all
With practical significance, the 1st kind of situation equivalent to the uniform precipitation of whole distract large area, all low-lying places all may ponding into
Calamity；2nd kind spreads unchecked equivalent to Flooding high to neighborhood, and the flood that rises suddenly and sharply that such as flood breaches a dyke or isolated storm causes expands to surrounding
Dissipate.
One of rudimentary algorithm of analysis of flood inundation is seed point spread algorithm.It refers to select to plant in region that seed point spreads
It is sub-, specific attribute and effect rule are assigned, diffusion then is spread along " four-way connected region " or " eight to connected region ", will
The attribute and effect Rule Extended to whole region.Carry out flooding analysis using seed point spread algorithm, be exactly by given water level
Condition, is asked for meeting data collection and analysis precision, and the set of the point of distribution is associated with connection, and the set is calculated continuously
Plane seeks to the flooding area scope of estimation, and meets water level condition, but does not possess other companies for connecting relevance with seed point
Continuous plane, it is impossible to enter in set area.Being mainly characterized by of the method can fully take into account the situation that " circulation " floods, i.e. flood
Water can only flood the place that it can be flowed to, and relatively suitable because water is overflowed in upland water (such as breaching a dyke), depression, (for example isolated storm draws
Rise rise suddenly and sharply flood to surrounding spread) cause flood analysis.
Step 3, by integration after described final flood inundation on tracks area areal map and the depth of water classification figure data input big flood damage
Lose assessment Mathematical Modeling and flood risk assessment Mathematical Modeling is calculated, obtain each village economy in flood storage and detention basin after flood inundation on tracks
Damaed cordition and potential disaster-stricken risk.
In the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the analysis of flood inundation model
Construction step and seed point spread algorithm include：
The advance initial flood inundation on tracks area data delimited are carried out into grid partition, buffer area storing initial flood inundation on tracks is flooded
The inner mesh and boundary mesh of area's data, selection either boundary grid as initial seed point, and by the boundary mesh meter
Buffer area is flooded described in entering；
Using the traversal method of breadth First, since flooding all sides stored in buffer area to described initial seed point
Boundary's grid is traveled through, and travels through 8 neighborhood grids of each boundary mesh, judges whether 8 neighborhood grids are all present in institute
State and flood in buffer area, if 8 neighborhood grids be all present in it is described flood in buffer area, travel through next boundary mesh；If
There is 1 neighborhood grid not flood buffer area described, then judge the gridded elevation value of the neighborhood grid whether higher than current institute
The water level of boundary mesh is stated, if the gridded elevation value of the neighborhood grid is higher than the water level of presently described boundary mesh, 8 neighborhoods
Trellis traversal terminates；If the gridded elevation value of the neighborhood grid calculates the neighborhood less than the water level of presently described boundary mesh
The depth of the water submerging of grid, and using the neighborhood grid as new seed point count it is described flood buffer area, until all of border
Trellis traversal terminates, and exports final flooding area areal map and depth of water classification figure.
In the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, buffer area storage is flooded described in judgement
Each inner mesh water level whether meet previously given water level condition, if meeting calculate update the inner mesh water level
Information.
In the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the initial flood inundation on tracks area data
Including terrain data, water level, water capacity and water surface area.
In the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, according to rectangle grid by primary data
The big image map sheet such as multiple is divided into, each image bearing layer is constituted by multiple image map sheets, is deposited using seamless image layer model
Storage image bearing layer, i.e., all image bearing layers of same image database are present in the same RDT tables of lightweight spatial database, different
Image database is present in the different RDT tables of lightweight spatial database.One-level：Image database, stores image database
Information, including library name, description information etc.；Two grades：Image bearing layer, is stored image bearing layer information, including layer name, description information etc.；Three-level：
RDT tables, contain the image blocks after all segmentations of image bearing layer.Seamless image layer model eliminates the concept of map sheet, is building
When vertical pyramidal, because of larger range of original general image, it is possible to generate the pyramid knot of more levels
Structure, this is advantageous for the roaming of quick browsing image.Most of resolution ratio in view of existing display is
1024 × 1024 or lower resolution ratio, and the size of resolution ratio and block can image query efficiency, according to test result, therefore
Piecemeal is carried out for image data, using 256 × 256 × 1.
In the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, according to rectangle grid by primary data
The big image map sheet such as multiple is divided into, each image bearing layer is constituted by multiple image map sheets, is deposited using framing image layer model
Storage image bearing layer, i.e., all image map sheets of same image bearing layer are present in the same RDT tables of lightweight spatial database, different shadows
In there is the different RDT tables of lightweight spatial database as layer.One image bearing layer is made up of multiple image map sheets, image map sheet
In addition to a part as image bearing layer, some other information are also concealed, such as image map sheet is based on certain
Kind of standard and divide, the numbering of such map sheet may imply geographical location information, and people are also accustomed in units of map sheet
Carry out the operation such as inquiry, positioning, renewal of image.So, the habit of people can be preferably catered to using framing image layer model
It is used.One-level：Image database, stores image database information, including library name, description information etc.；Two grades：Image bearing layer, stores shadow
As layer information, including layer name, description information etc.；Three-level：Image map sheet, including layer name, map sheet name, description information etc. and with figure
Corresponding GeoRaster objects；Level Four：RDT tables, contain the image blocks after all segmentations of image bearing layer.
In the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the compression method of the primary data
Including ZIP Lossless Compressions and JPEG compression methods, compression is carried out with grid block, i.e., each BLOB in RDT tables is distinguished
Compression, is still stored in tables of data after compression with BLOB types；Define 2 mark constants and represent ZIP and JPEG compression side respectively
Method.
In the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the lightweight spatial database is adopted
Seamless integration- and integration are carried out to the primary data with data middleware, so-called GIS data middleware is to refer to insertion respectively
The software package of class generalized information system, such plug-in unit is by all kinds of GIS software developers and user each complete independently, its principle class
It is similar to the Driver Design of PnP device, i.e. GIS software platform developer and specifies the read-write interface of internal system data
(GDIO), these this platform interiors of interface operation or exchange data structure, the communication between interface and platform are individual black to data source
Case, for the spatial data in different sources, data set provider writes the operation code in GDIO interfaces, after compiling registration, GIS
Software platform is operable such spatial data.
In the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, the lightweight spatial database is adopted
With subdivision grid coding method, in the basic grid that sampled point, linear target pass through, 256 × 256 thin grid are subdivided into
Or it is divided into 16 × 16 thin grid, then record sampled point and linear target and compiled with the linear quadtree of the intersection point of fundamental mesh selvage
Code.So the path of point target or linear target just can completely and accurately show, using subdivision grid method, each
Point position represented with two Morton yards, the location presentation precision of data can be improved in this way.
In the construction method of described flood geoanalysis assessment dynamic model, to the RDT tables and the image
Map sheet is respectively created index.Under framing image layer model, all image map sheets are stored in same RDT tables, although in RDT tables
Record number it is a lot, but because single width image will not be very big, the record number involved by single width image will not be a lot, it is not necessary to right
RDT tables create index.But when image map sheet quantity is very big, spatial index can be created to image map sheet, to improve by figure
The efficiency of width search.
When mass data is all stored in large-capacity storage media disk array, in advance to image block and the golden word of foundation
Tower can to a certain extent improve the performance that browsing image shows, but if each browse operation is both needed to be read from hard disk,
Then still very influence browses the response speed of demand, in order to be able to browse to required image data within the shortest time, it is necessary to
Using caching mechanism come management and running data.
After the buffer area of suitable size is provided with, without required data are directly read from hard disk every time, so that
Realize the fast browsing of image.Because the data for storing are than larger, and simply therein that user browses most of the time
Point, resolution ratio that this partial data is shown by client and indication range are determined.When user browse data, after advancing with
Platform thread copies data from server buffer, if without being read from disk file again in caching, so, due to every width shadow
As data are all than larger, and the data for needing every time are small part, and the speed ratio read from internal memory is from hard disk
Directly reading will soon a lot, so as to greatly improve data transmission efficiency.In Client browse, a three-level caching can be set
Mechanism, including client screen image blocks caching, image blocks caching and GDAL blocks caching.GDAL blocks caching is exactly when the shadow for reading
As block, then to have in the internal memory of GDAL blocks caching distribution, it is possible to directly therefrom read；Image blocks are cached, and are referred to current
Browser window in the corresponding image blocks of each pixel be placed in buffer area, therefore, the value of its image blocks can be with
Directly read；Screen picture is cached, and is to be put into current screen as a pictures in internal memory, so can be by user's weight
It is new to utilize.
Transmission and visualization to data employ multithreading development technique, i.e., backstage employ multiple threads be responsible for
Outside process is interacted, and simultaneously basis please for the request of map datum when some thread charge map roamings, amplification, reduction operation
The display for responding control map is asked, some threads are used to be asked to server transmission data pre-fetching and safeguard that data receiver is cached
Area, and carry out buffer queue management by certain algorithmic rule.
The 3D expression of lightweight spatial database of the invention uses 360 scene integrated designs, and step is as follows：It is right respectively
Target carries out Model Reconstruction；Set up the display list of landscape；Define the node region that indoor and outdoor landscape interlinks；By viewpoint with
Indoor and outdoor scene coordinate is matched, and shows corresponding scene；When viewpoint reaches the node region of indoor and outdoor landscape, then show
Show and switch viewpoint to corresponding region.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and implementation method
With, it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited
In specific details and shown here as the legend with description.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of flood geoanalysis assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that including：
Step one, the spatial data for gathering region to be analyzed and the attribute data that is associated with the spatial data are used as initial number
According to, and will be stored into the lightweight spatial database for creating after primary data compression；The lightweight spatial database
Foundation step include：Image pyramid is set up, resolution ratio of the image pyramid from bottom to top layer is reduced successively, image gold word
The 0 layer of primary data of storage without compression of tower, the primary data after 1 layer of compression stored above of image pyramid；
Using geographical with reference to the relation set up between grating image unit coordinate system and earth coordinates, by image pyramid
Primary data is positioned in earth coordinates；
Step 2, transferred from the lightweight spatial database using parallel computation storehouse and Intel's threading building module it is described
Primary data, initializes the analysis of flood inundation model for building, and final flood inundation on tracks area model is obtained using seed point spread algorithm
Enclose figure and depth of water classification figure；
Step 3, by integration after described final flood inundation on tracks area areal map and the data input flood loss of depth of water classification figure comment
Estimate Mathematical Modeling and flood risk assessment Mathematical Modeling is calculated, obtain each village economy loss in flood storage and detention basin after flood inundation on tracks
Situation and potential disaster-stricken risk.
2. flood geoanalysis as claimed in claim 1 assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that described
The construction step and seed point spread algorithm of analysis of flood inundation model include：By the advance initial flood inundation on tracks area data delimited
Grid partition is carried out, the inner mesh and boundary mesh of buffer area storing initial flood inundation on tracks area data is flooded, any side is selected
The boundary mesh is counted and described floods buffer area by boundary's grid as initial seed point；
Using the traversal method of breadth First, since flooding all border nets stored in buffer area to described initial seed point
Lattice are traveled through, and travel through 8 neighborhood grids of each boundary mesh, judge whether 8 neighborhood grids are all present in described flooding
In not having a buffer area, if 8 neighborhood grids be all present in it is described flood in buffer area, travel through next boundary mesh；If there is 1
Whether neighborhood grid does not flood buffer area described, then judge the gridded elevation value of the neighborhood grid higher than presently described border
The water level of grid, if the gridded elevation value of the neighborhood grid is higher than the water level of presently described boundary mesh, 8 neighborhood grids time
Go through end；If the gridded elevation value of the neighborhood grid calculates the neighborhood grid less than the water level of presently described boundary mesh
Depth of the water submerging, and using the neighborhood grid as new seed point count it is described flood buffer area, until all of boundary mesh time
End is gone through, final flooding area areal map and depth of water classification figure is exported.
3. flood geoanalysis as claimed in claim 2 assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that judge
Whether each inner mesh water level for flooding buffer area storage meets previously given water level condition, is calculated more if meeting
The water level information of the new inner mesh.
4. flood geoanalysis as claimed in claim 3 assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that described
Initial flood inundation on tracks area data include terrain data, water level, water capacity and water surface area.
5. flood geoanalysis as claimed in claim 1 assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that according to
The primary data is divided into the big image map sheet such as multiple by rectangle grid, and each image bearing layer is by multiple image map sheet structures
Into, image bearing layer is stored using seamless image layer model, i.e., there is lightweight space number in all image bearing layers of same image database
According in the same RDT tables in storehouse, different image databases is present in the different RDT tables of lightweight spatial database.
6. flood geoanalysis as claimed in claim 1 assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that according to
The primary data is divided into the big image map sheet such as multiple by rectangle grid, and each image bearing layer is by multiple image map sheet structures
Into, image bearing layer is stored using framing image layer model, i.e., there is lightweight spatial data in all image map sheets of same image bearing layer
In the same RDT tables in storehouse, different image bearing layers is present in the different RDT tables of lightweight spatial database.
7. the flood geoanalysis as described in claim 5 or 6 assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that
The compression method of the primary data includes ZIP Lossless Compressions and JPEG compression methods, and compression is carried out with grid block.
8. flood geoanalysis as claimed in claim 7 assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that described
Lightweight spatial database carries out Seamless integration- and integration using data middleware to the primary data.
9. flood geoanalysis as claimed in claim 8 assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that described
Lightweight spatial database in the basic grid that sampled point, linear target pass through, is subdivided using subdivision grid coding method
Into 256 × 256 thin grid or it is divided into 16 × 16 thin grid, then records sampled point and linear target with fundamental mesh selvage
The linear quadtree coding of intersection point.
10. flood geoanalysis as claimed in claim 9 assesses the construction method of dynamic model, it is characterised in that right
The RDT tables and the image map sheet are respectively created index.
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