CN103913558A - Portable runoff plot - Google Patents

Portable runoff plot Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103913558A
CN103913558A CN201410116762.8A CN201410116762A CN103913558A CN 103913558 A CN103913558 A CN 103913558A CN 201410116762 A CN201410116762 A CN 201410116762A CN 103913558 A CN103913558 A CN 103913558A
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China
Prior art keywords
groove
sides
enclosing
tested
domatic
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CN201410116762.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103913558B (en
Inventor
张艳
师忱
吴海龙
管秀源
史常青
赵廷宁
杨建英
孙永康
任明双
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Beijing Forestry University
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Beijing Forestry University
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Publication of CN103913558B publication Critical patent/CN103913558B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation monitoring, and provides a portable runoff plot. The portable runoff plot comprises fences on the upper side, the left side and the right side of a monitored slope surface, a flow collection trough of which one end is connected with openings below the three side fences, and a runoff sand collector connected with the other end of the flow collection trough, wherein the three side fences respectively comprise one or multiple insertion plates; every two of the insertion plates at joints of the three side fences are clamped into two grooves of a right-angle connection piece with two perpendicular groove structures respectively; every two insertion plates in the same side fence are clamped into two side grooves of a flat-angle connection piece with groove structures on two sides, respectively. The insertion plates, the right-angle connection piece, the flat-angle connection piece, the collection trough and the runoff sand collector of the portable runoff plot are convenient to carry and easy to assemble; the area of the monitored slope surface surrounded by the runoff plot can be defined according to a requirement.

Description

A kind of Portable type runoff plot
Technical field
The present invention relates to water and soil conservation monitoring field, particularly a kind of Portable type runoff plot.
Background technology
Water and soil conservation monitoring refer to soil erosion generation, development, harm and soil and water conservation benefit investigate, observation and analysis work.Monitor by water and soil conservation, find out soil loss pattern, intensity and distribution characteristics, harm and affect situation, regularity of occurrence and development, dynamic change trend, to comprehensive management by water and soil and improvement of the ecological environment macro-level policy-making and science, rationally, systematically to lay water and soil conservation measures significant.
Runoff plots method is a kind of comparatively ripe monitoring facilities that Topographic factor rule and small watershed water and soil loss rule is carried out to quantitative examination, and the community, afflux groove, runoff and the silt that are generally surrounded by Bian Geng, Bian Geng harvest equipment, boundary belt and unwatering system and forms.But mainly there is following shortcoming in runoff plots in actual applications:
1, construction costs is higher, and operating cost is large, and the expense of generally building needs more than 200,000 yuan, long in time limit, and can not move, and a lot of actual monitoring mostly are provisional, once or for several times monitor, and build runoff plots time and effort consuming.
2, in work progress, easily former landforms are damaged, and be difficult to recover.Due to development & construction soil erosion project have sudden, intensity is high, endanger the features such as large, newborn tested domatic irregularity, the gradient is steeper, side slope is unstable, is not suitable for building runoff plots and carries out soil and water losses observation.In actual monitoring process, for the convenient soil erosion data of obtaining, often adopt technosphere and imitate standard runoff plots, it is of rude workmanship, and only blocks as surrounding, without fixing and assembling process, causes experimental data error larger.
In addition, although also use a kind of monitoring method of experimental simulation in existing water and soil conservation monitoring, as become slope experiment steel tank, it is at the tested domatic original-state soil of seizing, the steel tank of putting into runoff simulation small area shape and build, adjust the angle of steel tank and carry out rainfall simulation true environment, runoff and silt are collected and detected, but seizing of soil, carry and pack in the process of steel tank, be difficult to keep the original state of soil, fetch earth and transportation very difficult, moreover its experimental situation is Reality simulation environment completely, the for example soil in forest zone.Therefore also there is no both simple and fasts, easy to implement in prior art, can monitor comparatively accurately again the device of water and soil conservation situation.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
What the present invention will solve is, and existing standard runoff plots of building on the spot builds that the cycle is long, cost is large, is subject to the influence of topography larger, and the runoff plots measuring error that adopts simple technosphere ground mode to build is large; The monitoring device of existing experimental simulation is measured inaccurate, performance difficulty.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of Portable type runoff plot, it comprises: be arranged on tested upper on domatic, left, right three gusset gears, the afflux groove that front end is connected with the opening of enclosing below described in three sides, and the runoff and sediment gatherer being connected with the rear end of described afflux groove, also comprise right-angle connector, straight angle web member, described in three sides, enclosing comprises respectively one or more plate, on described right-angle connector, on perpendicular two sides, be respectively equipped with groove, described in three sides, two blocks of described plates of junction, the each right angle of enclosing block respectively and are set on described right-angle connector in orthogonal twice groove, the relative both sides of described straight angle web member are provided with groove, described in the same side, in enclosing, two blocks of adjacent described plates block respectively in the groove that is set to described straight angle web member both sides.
Preferably, the described plate that is arranged in upside enclosing is vertically inserted in tested domatic.
Preferably, described in three sides, the inner side of enclosing and tested splicing position between domatic are provided with barrier sheet.
Preferably, described in three sides, the below of the opening of enclosing is tested has dug soil splitting groove on domatic, described afflux groove is multiple, folded dropping in described soil splitting groove, the front end of multiple described afflux grooves is plugged in respectively on the sidewall that is positioned at the opening below of enclosing described in three sides in described soil splitting groove.
Preferably, one end that described afflux groove is connected with the opening of enclosing below described in three sides from it is to the extension that is in the shape of the letter V of its other end.
Preferably, the top of described afflux groove is provided with capping.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention proposes a kind of Portable type runoff plot, it comprises portable plate, right-angle connector, straight angle web member, afflux groove and runoff and sediment gatherer, between each plate, connect by right-angle connector peace angle connector, every gusset gear comprises one or more plate, its delineation area can be determined with actual needs, and this device is easy to assembly, accuracy of measurement is high, and can reuse.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of Portable type runoff plot of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the feeder of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the right-angle connector of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that the straight angle of the embodiment of the present invention connects structural representation just.
Wherein: 1, tested domatic; 2, plate; 3, afflux groove; 31, capping; 32, fixed head; 4, right-angle connector; 5, straight angle web member; 6, barrier sheet; 7, soil splitting groove.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, a kind of Portable type runoff plot that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, it comprises: be arranged on upper, the left and right three gusset gears on tested domatic 1, the afflux groove 3 that front end is connected with the opening of enclosing below described in three sides, and the runoff and sediment gatherer being connected with the rear end of described afflux groove 3, the extension that is in the shape of the letter V to its rear end from its front end of described afflux groove 3, make to flow into the runoff gathering in afflux groove 3, its narrower rear end notch can easierly be connected with runoff and sediment gatherer, is convenient to the collection of silt.Preferably, the sidewall at afflux groove 3 two ends extends respectively the outer wall of arranged on left and right sides enclosing, while preventing that runoff is from tested domatic 1 inflow afflux groove 3, flows out from the gap between sidewall and the arranged on left and right sides enclosing of afflux groove 3.The present embodiment also comprises right-angle connector 4 and straight angle web member 5, described in three sides, enclosing comprises respectively one or more plate 2, on described right-angle connector 4, on perpendicular two sides, be respectively equipped with groove, described in three sides, two blocks of described plates 2 of junction, the each right angle of enclosing block respectively and are set on described right-angle connector 4 in orthogonal twice groove, the relative both sides of described straight angle web member 5 are provided with groove, and in enclosing, two blocks of adjacent described plates 2 block respectively in the groove that is set to described straight angle web member 5 both sides described in the same side.Preferably, the top of described afflux groove 3 is provided with capping 31, and because the cell body part of afflux groove 3 does not belong to monitored area, capping 31 mechanisms of afflux groove 3 can prevent that rainfall from dropping in afflux groove 3 and bringing error to detection.Above-mentioned plate 2, afflux groove 3, right-angle connector 4 and straight angle web member 5 are all aluminum alloy materials, and aluminum alloy material is firm, light, are difficult for getting rusty.
This device is by portable plate 2, right-angle connector 4, straight angle web member 5, the runoff plots of the normal formula of afflux groove 3 and runoff and sediment gatherer composition, compare existing building on the spot and enclose the runoff plots that stalk is built, its each parts are light portable, plate 2, right-angle connector 4 and straight angle web member 5 can overlay in the boot of vehicle or in wagon box, easy to assembly between each parts, runoff plots upper, left, right three gusset gears can be made up of one or more plate 2 according to actual needs, can tackle some sudden or provisional water and soil conservation monitoring tasks, all parts can be reused, convenient disassembly, save greatly financial cost, and device is less on tested domatic 1 impact after removing, can damage the original state of soil hardly.Between plate 2, adopt the peaceful angle connector 5 of right-angle connector 4 to seal, can effectively prevent that the rainwater beyond runoff plots from flowing into, make monitoring result more accurate.Preferably, for plate 2, right-angle connector 4 and straight angle web member 5 can be inserted in soil more easily, its bottom is set to tip shape.
Described plate 2 in upside enclosing is vertically inserted in tested domatic 1, plugs perpendicular to surface level.If the plate in upside enclosing 2 is plugged perpendicular to tested domatic 1, it is tested domatic 1 that plate 2 in the vertical directions can block a part, rainfall cannot be fallen on this part of slope to be tested face 1, thereby bring error to measurement.Plate 2 is vertically arranged, can effectively prevent the appearance of the problems referred to above.Preferably, because upside enclosing vertically arranges, itself and tested domatic 1 angle being are greater than 90 degree, the plate 2 that is arranged in arranged on left and right sides enclosing is set to parallelogram for this reason, its edge can be connected with plate 2 edges at upside enclosing two ends better, then connect by right-angle connector 4.Preferably, by a left side, plate 2 in the enclosing of right both sides is made as fixing specification, so that can repeat in a large number uses and splices, the acute angle of the plate of the parallelogram in the enclosing of side 2 is set as to 45 °, and it is highly set to be greater than length and the required length sum of basseting in required insertion soil, in the process of pegging graft, for tested domatic 1 of different gradient, first ensure that plate 2 edges of parallelogram in the enclosing of side and the edge of upside enclosing centerboard 2 overlap, because the height of parallelogram plate 2 has certain surplus, it can meet the required degree of depth plugging of plate 2 simultaneously and expose tested domatic 1 height.
Splicing position between the inner side and tested domatic 1 of enclosing described in three sides is provided with barrier sheet 6.Due to after plate 2 plugs on tested domatic 1, between the inner side of plate 2 and soil, can produce unavoidably certain gap, rainfall meeting falls into or flow into these gaps, thus less runoff rate to a certain extent brings error to monitoring.At these gap places, barrier sheet 6 is set, can effectively prevents the above-described problem from occurring, one end of barrier sheet 6 is against on tested domatic 1, and the other end is against plate 2 inner sides, and the width of barrier sheet 6 is unsuitable excessive, can block the gap between plate 2 inner sides and soil.
Preferably, described in three sides, on the below of the opening of enclosing tested domatic 1, dig soil splitting groove 7, described afflux groove 3 is multiple, overlay in described soil splitting groove 7, the bottom land front end of afflux groove 3 extends forward a fixed head 32, in the time that afflux groove 3 overlays in soil splitting groove 7, the fixed head of afflux groove front end is inserted in the cutting plane of soil, play the effect of fixed set chute 3, be positioned at the bottom that nethermost feeder is placed on soil splitting groove 7, the bottom land that is positioned at uppermost feeder flushes with tested domatic 1, the degree of depth of soil splitting groove 7 is determined according to the quantity of the required feeder stacking, the outstanding setting of bottom land front end of feeder, the front end of multiple described afflux grooves 3 is plugged in respectively on the sidewall that is positioned at the opening below of enclosing described in three sides in described soil splitting groove 7.Be positioned at the feeder of the top one deck for collecting tested domatic 1 Surface Runoff and producing husky, be arranged in multiple feeders of below for collecting interflow and the entrained sandy soil of interflow of different depth soil, can more fully react like this soil losses situation in hillside fields, make the result that records more accurate.
Assembling and observation process:
On tested domatic 1, delimit in advance good tested region, calculate the needed plate 2 of tested domatic 1 area, the quantity of straight angle web member 5 and barrier sheet 6, each parts are transported on tested domatic 1, one by one plate 2 is plugged to the upper of tested region, left, right three sides, in the enclosing of the same side, often plug a plate 2, connect a straight angle web member 5 at its edge, the top of plate 2 one sides is snapped onto in the groove of straight angle web member 5 one side bottoms, knock the top of straight angle web member 5, make straight angle web member 5 insert soil downwards along the edge of plate 2 from top to bottom, until straight angle web member 5 is inserted into the required degree of depth, the bottom of one side of next piece straight angle web member 5 is snapped in along the top of the groove of above-mentioned straight angle web member 5 opposite sides, knock the top of this piece plate 2, until plate 2 is inserted into the degree of depth required in soil, one by one three gusset gears of runoff plots are spliced successively, use right-angle connector 4 to connect in three gusset gear corners, at inner side and the tested domatic 1 gap place slant setting barrier sheet 6 of pegging graft of plate 2, one end Solely of barrier sheet 6 is on tested domatic 1, the other end is against the inner side of plate 2.
According to the feature of soil, judge the depth capacity of its interflow that can produce, according to the depth capacity of interflow, on tested domatic 1, dig the soil splitting groove 7 of respective depth, to place afflux groove 3, one deck afflux groove of the end 3 is placed on to the bottom of soil splitting groove 7, the fixed head of its front end 32 is plugged in the sidewall of soil splitting groove 7, and method overlays afflux groove 3 in soil splitting groove 7 successively according to this, should demonstrate,prove the bottom land of one deck afflux groove 3 topmost flushes with tested domatic 1, and the upper surface of its bottom land is flushed with tested domatic 1, again the rear end of each afflux groove 3 is connected with runoff and sediment gatherer, complete the installation of this runoff plots.
After rainfall, by runoff and sediment gatherer, the flow of tested domatic 1 Surface Runoff sediment yield and interflow and husky amount summation Q in the monitoring unit interval, again according to tested domatic 1 area S, calculate tested domatic 1 erosion modulus E=erosion amount Q ÷ area S, judge thus tested domatic 1 water and soil conservation situation, also multiple afflux grooves 3 can be connected respectively to different runoff and sediment gatherers, the water and soil conservation ability in hillside fields is refine on the every aspect of soil to the status of soil erosion of the soil of assessment hillside fields different depth.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and replacement, these improvement and replacement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a Portable type runoff plot, it comprises: be arranged on upper on tested domatic (1), left, right three gusset gears, the afflux groove (3) that front end is connected with the opening of enclosing below described in three sides, and the runoff and sediment gatherer being connected with the rear end of described afflux groove (3), it is characterized in that, also comprise right-angle connector (4), straight angle web member (6), described in three sides, enclosing comprises respectively one or more plate (2), described right-angle connector (4) is respectively equipped with groove on upper perpendicular two sides, described in three sides, two blocks of described plates (2) of junction, the each right angle of enclosing block respectively and are set in the upper orthogonal twice groove of described right-angle connector (4), the relative both sides of described straight angle web member (6) are provided with groove, described in the same side, in enclosing, adjacent two blocks of described plates (2) block respectively in the groove that is set to described straight angle web member (6) both sides.
2. a kind of Portable type runoff plot according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described plate (2) that is arranged in upside enclosing is vertically inserted in tested domatic (1).
3. a kind of Portable type runoff plot according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the splicing position described in three sides between inner side and tested domatic (1) of enclosing is provided with barrier sheet (6).
4. a kind of Portable type runoff plot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in three sides, on the below of the opening of enclosing tested domatic (1), dig soil profile groove (7), described afflux groove (3) is multiple, folded dropping in described soil splitting groove (7), the front end of multiple described afflux grooves (3) is plugged in respectively on the sidewall that is positioned at the opening below of enclosing described in three sides in described soil splitting groove (7).
5. according to a kind of Portable type runoff plot described in claim 1 or 4 any one, it is characterized in that, one end that described afflux groove (3) is connected with the opening of enclosing below described in three sides from it is to the extension that is in the shape of the letter V of its other end.
6. according to a kind of Portable type runoff plot described in claim 1,4 or 5 any one, it is characterized in that, the top of described afflux groove (3) is provided with capping (31).
CN201410116762.8A 2014-03-26 2014-03-26 A kind of Portable type runoff plot Expired - Fee Related CN103913558B (en)

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107328918A (en) * 2017-08-15 2017-11-07 江西省水土保持科学研究院 A kind of windrow composting body soil and water losses observation device
CN107907663A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-04-13 北京林业大学 The measurement system and its construction method of a kind of runoff and sediment and interflow
CN109030771A (en) * 2018-06-25 2018-12-18 南京林业大学 Soil loss monitoring runoff plots
CN109030787A (en) * 2018-09-11 2018-12-18 黑龙江省水土保持科学研究院 A kind of movable assembled water and soil conservation field runoff plots and water and soil conservation value method
CN110595843A (en) * 2019-09-17 2019-12-20 安徽理工大学 High-efficient, accurate detachable runoff district
WO2020001412A1 (en) * 2018-06-25 2020-01-02 南京林业大学 Runoff plot for monitoring monolithic or combined water and soil loss
CN111443183A (en) * 2020-04-02 2020-07-24 安徽省(水利部淮河水利委员会)水利科学研究院(安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站) Portable slope runoff water and sand collecting groove

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CN201724934U (en) * 2010-07-14 2011-01-26 陈瑾 Facility for field observation of runoff plot
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107328918A (en) * 2017-08-15 2017-11-07 江西省水土保持科学研究院 A kind of windrow composting body soil and water losses observation device
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CN109030771A (en) * 2018-06-25 2018-12-18 南京林业大学 Soil loss monitoring runoff plots
WO2020001412A1 (en) * 2018-06-25 2020-01-02 南京林业大学 Runoff plot for monitoring monolithic or combined water and soil loss
CN109030787A (en) * 2018-09-11 2018-12-18 黑龙江省水土保持科学研究院 A kind of movable assembled water and soil conservation field runoff plots and water and soil conservation value method
CN110595843A (en) * 2019-09-17 2019-12-20 安徽理工大学 High-efficient, accurate detachable runoff district
CN111443183A (en) * 2020-04-02 2020-07-24 安徽省(水利部淮河水利委员会)水利科学研究院(安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站) Portable slope runoff water and sand collecting groove

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