CN103913421A - Method for determining water-soluble Fe content of eutrophic lake - Google Patents
Method for determining water-soluble Fe content of eutrophic lake Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining the water-soluble Fe content of a eutrophic lake. The method includes: selecting a eutrophic lake typical region with the water surface covered with alga, determining the reflection spectrum information of the water body in the selected region by a spectral radiation spectrometer, collecting a 0-20cm water layer water sample at each sampling point, and determining the content of water-soluble Fe and chlorophyll a in the water samples; then converting the determined reflection spectrum information into spectral characteristic parameters, subjecting the spectral characteristic parameters and the content of water-soluble Fe and chlorophyll a to correlation analysis by SPSS software, selecting parameters in significant correlation with the content of water-soluble Fe and chlorophyll a of the water body to serve as spectral characteristic factors representing dynamic change of the water body's water-soluble Fe content, establishing a correlation model of the spectral characteristic factors and the water body's water-soluble Fe content, and determining the spectral characteristic factors of the to-be-tested samples, thus obtaining the dynamic content of the water body's water-soluble Fe. The method provided by the invention provides a theoretical basis for remote sensing monitoring of the water-soluble Fe content of a lake water body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of assay method of water-soluble state Fe content, specifically a kind of method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake.
Background technology
Lake eutrophication receives people's concern day by day, the improvement of eutrophic lake also becomes focus and the difficulties of current research, based on restriction factor principle, domestic control by the input of controlling the nutrient salts such as exogenous nitrogen, phosphorus at present, but water body in lake Eutrophication Status is still on the rise.Fe element is hydrophyte and the planktonic algae necessary micronutrient element of growing, in the growth course of phytoplankton, the absorbing of electronics transmission, nitrogen, chlorophyllous photosynthesis, respiration etc. all need Fe, and Fe can also promote the absorption of phytoplankton to other nutrient salts simultaneously.Nineteen ninety, oceanographer Martin is according to Fe and CO in ice core record
2the negative correlation phenomenon of concentration, in conjunction with previous experiments research, has proposed Fe hypothesis: in the low chlorophyll of high nutritive salt sea area, the restriction factor of phytoplankton growth is Fe, if provide enough Fe in these marine sites, can promote the growth of phytoplankton.Follow-up studies also show in a large number, and Fe is the major control factor of primary productivity of marine ecosystem, and Fe restriction can slow down the generation of marine red tide.Although water body in lake Dissolvable Fe content is relatively high, Fe still can become the restriction factor of high nutritive salt lake phytoplankton growth.Fe too high levels or too lowly all can exert an influence to biochemical compositions such as the growth of algae and chlorophyll, protein in water body in lake.Within the specific limits, may there is " the critical Fe concentration " of a growth in algae in this is interval, and higher than this concentration, algae shows as Growth of Cells accelerates, and may reach higher density, easily breaks out wawter bloom.Therefore,, in lake eutrophication governance process, except noting controlling the input of nitrogen, phosphorus, also should consider the regulating and controlling effect of Fe.
Monitoring to Fe in water body in lake and identification are the prerequisites of regulation and control Fe concentration, and the fluctuation of water body in lake Fe concentration can make the metabolic activity of alga cells change a lot, and plant is in the reflection to some extent in reflectance spectrum conventionally of the change aspect physiological ecological.Therefore, in conjunction with the actual conditions in lake, accurate evaluation algae spectrum is supplied with the response of concentration to Fe at different-waveband, and then selection sensitive band, optimize and combine characteristic spectrum, foundation can be used for instructing " water body Dissolvable Fe concentration-algae spectral signature " correlationship of remote sensing monitoring, to reflecting timely and accurately water body in lake Fe content and distributed intelligence, to illustrate algal bloom and Fe in lake relation, analyze the dynamic process of algal bloom and set up lake eutrophication remote sensing pre-alarming system and all have great importance.
In the process of foundation " water body Dissolvable Fe concentration-algae spectral signature " correlationship, adopt chemical method to measure the water-soluble state Fe concentration of water body in lake, the water-soluble state Fe content assaying method of currently used water body is mainly to use at the scene 0.45 μ m membrane filtration water sample, then use hcl acidifying filtered water to pH<1, adopt afterwards colorimetric or aas determination.But for the water-soluble state Fe concentration of nutrition-enriched water of lake of measuring containing certain algae, if adopt the method can have following problem, that is: in water body, contained algae can be stopped up filter membrane, extends filtration time, cause the water-soluble state Fe oxidation precipitation of part in water sample, make measurement result on the low side.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake, choose the eutrophic lake representative region that the water surface is coated with algae, adopt the reflectance spectrum information of spectroradio spectrophotometer selection area water body, and gather 0-20cm water layer water sample at each selection area, measure water-soluble state Fe content and Chlorophyll-a Content in water sample, afterwards the reflectance spectrum information of mensuration is converted into spectral signature parameter, by SPSS software, spectral signature parameter and above-mentioned water-soluble state Fe content and Chlorophyll-a Content are carried out to correlation analysis, choose the parameter that is wherein all significant correlation with the water-soluble state Fe content of water body and Chlorophyll-a Content, as the spectral signature factor that characterizes the dynamic change of the water-soluble state Fe content of nutrition-enriched water of lake, set up the water-soluble state Fe content of the spectral signature factor and water body Correlation model, and then can obtain by measuring the spectral signature factor of region to be measured water sample the dynamic content of the water-soluble state Fe of nutrition-enriched water of lake.
Select the eutrophic lake water surface to cover the representative region of algae, choose the water body in the alga eruption cycle.
Adopt spectroradio spectrophotometer water body in lake spectral reflectivity, fibre-optical probe, perpendicular to the water surface and apart from water surface 1-1.5 rice, gathers the spectral information of water body 400-1000nm wavelength, each sampled point METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION 5-10 time.
Reflectance spectrum information is converted into spectral signature parameter, and spectral signature parameter is respectively the spectral reflectivity (R of wavelength 550nm place
550), the spectral reflectivity (R of wavelength 700nm place
700), ratio vegetation index RVI, position, red limit parameters R EP, visible light wave range spectral reflectivity change integrated value A
1, near-infrared band spectral reflectivity changes integrated value A
2, wherein REP, RVI, A
1with A
2computing formula is as follows:
In formula:
for the spectral reflectivity derivative value of af at wavelength lambda; R
750for wavelength 750nm place spectral reflectivity, R
700for wavelength 700nm place spectral reflectivity; R
λfor water body in lake is at the spectral reflectivity of af at wavelength lambda.
Gather 0-20cm water layer water sample at each selection area, after processing by sieve algae-suction filtration leaching device, with the water-soluble state Fe content of Phen colorimetric method for determining water sample, water sample is measured Chlorophyll-a Content after Whatman GF/F Filter paper filtering.
Described sieve algae-suction filtration leaching device comprises sieve algae device and suction filtration leaching device.
Described sieve algae device comprises sample hose 5 and sieve algae net 1 provided thereon; Sieve algae net 1 comprises inner layer net 2 and outer layer net 3; Sieve algae net 1 lower end is provided with valve 4.
Described suction filtration leaching device comprises sample hose 5, filtrate pipe 9, acid filling pipe 10, T-valve 11 and syringe-type membrane filter 7, plug 13 is installed in sample hose 5 upper ends, plug 13 is connected with one end of the conduit 14 through porose plug 6, conduit 14 other ends are connected with syringe-type membrane filter 7 one end, and syringe-type membrane filter 7 other ends communicate with filtrate pipe 9 and acid filling pipe 10 by T-valve 11.
Described sieve algae net 1 is back taper; Sample hose 5 is piston cylinder operator.In the middle of described T-valve 11, be diplopore cock 12, two holes in diplopore cock 12 vertically communicate.Built-in 0.2 μ m aperture polycarbonate leaching film 8 in described syringe-type membrane filter 7.
The advantage that the present invention has is:
1. adopt sieve algae-suction method to process water sample, measure water-soluble state Fe content, avoided using algae that current methods causes to stop up the problems such as filter membrane, filtration time are long, the water-soluble state Fe oxidation precipitation of part, measurement result is on the low side.In addition,, compared with current methods, sieve algae-suction method has been considered the amount of water sample hydrochloric acid that acidization adds, and makes measurement result more accurate.
2. the method for building up of spectrum model of cognition provided by the present invention, can provide theoretical foundation for the water-soluble state Fe content of water body in lake remote sensing monitoring.
Brief description of the drawings
The water sample sieve algae schematic diagram that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The filtration condition schematic diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. sieve algae net, 2. inner layer net, 3. outer layer net, 4. valve, 5. sample hose, 6. porose plug, 7. syringe-type membrane filter, 8. polycarbonate leaching film, 9. filtrate pipe, 10. acid filling pipe, 11. T-valve, 12. diplopore cocks, 13. plugs, 14. conduits.
Embodiment
1. sampling point space-time is selected: select the water surface to cover the representative region of algae at eutrophic lake, more than 5 sample region is set, within this area's alga eruption cycle, monthly carry out sampling work 1 time.
2. spectroscopic data and water sampling: 3-4 sampled point selected in each sample region, application spectroradio spectrophotometer water body in lake spectral reflectivity, fibre-optical probe is perpendicular to the water surface and apart from water surface 1-1.5 rice, gather the spectral information of water body 400-1000nm wavelength, each sampled point METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION 5-10 time gathers 0-20cm water layer water sample at each sampled point simultaneously.
3. the water-soluble state Fe assay of water body in lake: be rich in algae, be not suitable for applying the problem of the water-soluble state Fe content assaying method of conventional water body based on eutrophic lake, adopt sieve algae-suction filtration leaching device to sieve algae-suction method and process water sample to be measured, carry out water-soluble state Fe assay, specific as follows.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, described sieve algae-suction filtration leaching device comprises sieve algae device and suction filtration leaching device to sieve algae-suction filtration leaching device.
Described sieve algae device comprises sample hose 5 and back taper sieve algae net 1 provided thereon; Sieve algae net 1 comprises inner layer net 2 and outer layer net 3; Sieve algae net 1 lower end is provided with valve 4.
When sieve algae state, use sieve algae net 1 and sample hose 5, the water sample gathering uses sieve algae net 1 to sieve algae, inner layer net 2 materials of sieve algae net 1 are the artificial nylon of aperture 0.064mm, outer layer net 3 materials are canvas, and water sample filters and enters after outer layer net 3 through inner layer net 2, and most of algae is by filtering, open afterwards valve 4, water sample is injected to the sample hose 5 of piston cylinder operator.
Described suction filtration leaching device comprises sample hose 5, filtrate pipe 9, acid filling pipe 10, T-valve 11 and syringe-type membrane filter 7, plug 13 is installed in sample hose 5 upper ends, plug 13 is connected with one end of the conduit 14 through porose plug 6, conduit 14 other ends are connected with syringe-type membrane filter 7 one end, and syringe-type membrane filter 7 other ends communicate with filtrate pipe 9 and acid filling pipe 10 by T-valve 11.
Conduit 14 can be made up of hard material, as plastic tube or glass tube; Built-in 0.2 μ m aperture polycarbonate leaching film 8 in syringe-type membrane filter 7; In the middle of T-valve 11, be diplopore cock 12, two holes in diplopore cock 12 vertically communicate.
When suction filtration, the sample hose 5 porose plug 6 beyond the Great Wall of the piston cylinder operator of water sample, connecting needle cartridge type membrane filter 7 will be collected after sieve algae.Wherein, built-in 0.2 μ m aperture polycarbonate leaching film 8 in syringe-type membrane filter 7, polycarbonate leaching film 8 has good impact resistance, unsuitable broken in suction filtration process.Connect the filtrate pipe 9 that stores suction filtration liquid and the acid filling pipe 10 that injects hydrochloric acid by T-valve 11, first rotate diplopore cock 12, sample hose 5 is communicated with filtrate pipe 9, leaching liquor is injected filtrate pipe 9 by the piston of sample hose 5, then rotating diplopore cock 12 makes filtrate pipe 9 communicate with acid filling pipe 10, advance the piston of acid filling pipe 10 that concentrated hydrochloric acid is injected to filtrate pipe 9, to prevent that filtrate is oxidized, the hydrochloric acid volume injecting by the scale change records of acid filling pipe 10.In filtrate pipe 9, liquid is water-soluble state Fe liquid to be measured, can adopt the water-soluble state Fe content of Phen colorimetric method for determining water sample.
4. water body in lake Chlorophyll-a Content is measured: water sample is after Whatman GF/F Filter paper filtering, and the phytoplankton leaching is for measuring Chlorophyll-a Content.
5. withdrawing spectral information: reflectance spectrum information is converted into spectral signature parameter, characterizes water body in lake spectral signature, be respectively: the spectral reflectivity (R of wavelength 550nm place
550), the spectral reflectivity (R of wavelength 700nm place
700), ratio vegetation index RVI, position, red limit parameters R EP, visible light wave range spectral reflectivity change integrated value A
1, near-infrared band spectral reflectivity changes integrated value A
2, wherein REP, RVI, A
1with A
2computing formula is as follows:
In formula:
for the spectral reflectivity derivative value of af at wavelength lambda; R
750for wavelength 750nm place spectral reflectivity, R
700for wavelength 700nm place spectral reflectivity; R
λfor water body in lake is at the spectral reflectivity of af at wavelength lambda.
6. spectral model is set up: adopt SPSS software to carry out correlation analysis to the water-soluble state Fe content of water body in lake and water body spectrum parameter, calculate the two related coefficient, and gained related coefficient is carried out to significance test, choose the parameter that is wherein all significant correlation with the water-soluble state Fe content of water body and Chlorophyll-a Content, as the spectral signature factor that characterizes the dynamic change of the water-soluble state Fe content of nutrition-enriched water of lake.The water-soluble state Fe content of water body in lake and the water body in lake spectral signature factor are carried out to Fitting Analysis, be specially: using the spectral signature factor as independent variable, using water-soluble water body state Fe content as dependent variable, select suitable types of models, (obtain desirable coefficient of multiple correlation R to improve fitting effect
2and F test value), set up the water-soluble state Fe content-spectral signature of water body Correlation model.And then can obtain by measuring the spectral signature factor of testing sample the dynamic content of the water-soluble state Fe of nutrition-enriched water of lake.
Embodiment
1. sampling point space-time is selected: select the water surface to cover the representative region of algae in Mei Liang Gulfstream territory, Taihu Lake, 7 sample region are set, in June, 2009 to September, monthly carry out sampling work 1 time.
2. spectrum data gathering: 3 sampled points are selected in each sample region, application spectroradio spectrophotometer water body in lake spectral reflectivity, fibre-optical probe, perpendicular to the water surface and apart from 1 meter of the water surface, gathers the spectral information of water body 400-1000nm wavelength, each sampled point METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION 10 times.
3. the water-soluble state Fe content of water body in lake and Chlorophyll-a Content are measured: gather 0-20cm water layer water sample at each sampled point, adopt sieve algae-suction filtration leaching device to sieve algae-suction method and process water sample to be measured, with the water-soluble state Fe content of Phen colorimetric method for determining water sample, water sample is after Whatman GF/F Filter paper filtering, and the phytoplankton leaching is for measuring Chlorophyll-a Content.
4. withdrawing spectral information: reflectance spectrum information is converted into spectral signature parameter, characterizes water body in lake spectral signature, calculate respectively the spectral reflectivity (R of wavelength 550nm place
550), the spectral reflectivity (R of wavelength 700nm place
700), ratio vegetation index RVI, position, red limit parameters R EP, visible light wave range spectral reflectivity change integrated value A
1, near-infrared band spectral reflectivity changes integrated value A
2, to characterize water body in lake spectral signature.
5. spectral model is set up: adopt SPSS software to carry out correlation analysis to the water-soluble state Fe content of water body in lake and water body spectrum parameter, result shows R in selected spectrum parameter
550, R
700, RVI, A
2be marked positive correlation (table 1) with the water-soluble state Fe content of water body and Chlorophyll-a Content simultaneously, show that above parameter can be used as the spectral signature factor that characterizes the dynamic change of the water-soluble state Fe content of nutrition-enriched water of lake.The water-soluble state Fe content of water body in lake and the water body in lake spectral signature factor are carried out to Fitting Analysis, set up the water-soluble state Fe content-spectral signature factor Correlation model of water body (table 2).And then can obtain by measuring the spectral signature factor of testing sample the dynamic content of the water-soluble state Fe of nutrition-enriched water of lake.
The water-soluble state Fe content of table 1 spectrum parameter and water body and Chlorophyll-a Content related coefficient
| ? | R 500 | R 700 | RIV | A 2 |
| Chlorophyll a | 0.5834 * | 0.5751 * | 0.5984 * | 0.6123 * |
| Water-soluble state Fe | 0.6976 * | 0.7125 * | 0.5803 * | 0.5208 * |
The correlation model of the water-soluble state Fe content of table 2 water body and the water body in lake spectral signature factor
| Model | Multiple correlation coefficient (R 2) |
| D Fe=0.2367R 500–0.2053 | 0.4866 |
| D Fe=0.0462R 700–0.0949 | 0.5077 |
| D Fe=3.3175RIV–2.6588 | 0.3367 |
| D Fe=0.0251A 2–0.0841 | 0.2713 |
Claims (9)
1. the method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake, it is characterized in that: the eutrophic lake representative region of choosing the water surface and be coated with algae, adopt the reflectance spectrum information of spectroradio spectrophotometer selection area water body, and gather 0-20cm water layer water sample at each selection area, measure water-soluble state Fe content and Chlorophyll-a Content in water sample, afterwards the reflectance spectrum information of mensuration is converted into spectral signature parameter, by SPSS software, spectral signature parameter and above-mentioned water-soluble state Fe content and Chlorophyll-a Content are carried out to correlation analysis, choose the parameter that is wherein all significant correlation with the water-soluble state Fe content of water body and Chlorophyll-a Content, as the spectral signature factor that characterizes the dynamic change of the water-soluble state Fe content of nutrition-enriched water of lake, set up the water-soluble state Fe content of the spectral signature factor and water body Correlation model, and then can obtain by measuring the spectral signature factor of region to be measured water sample the dynamic content of the water-soluble state Fe of nutrition-enriched water of lake.
2. by the method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: select the eutrophic lake water surface to cover the representative region of algae, choose the water body in the alga eruption cycle.
3. by the method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt spectroradio spectrophotometer water body in lake spectral reflectivity, fibre-optical probe is perpendicular to the water surface and apart from water surface 1-1.5 rice, gather the spectral information of water body 400-1000nm wavelength, each sampled point METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION 5-10 time.
4. by the method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: reflectance spectrum information is converted into spectral signature parameter, and spectral signature parameter is respectively the spectral reflectivity (R of wavelength 550nm place
550), the spectral reflectivity (R of wavelength 700nm place
700), ratio vegetation index RVI, position, red limit parameters R EP, visible light wave range spectral reflectivity change integrated value A
1, near-infrared band spectral reflectivity changes integrated value A
2, wherein REP, RVI, A
1with A
2computing formula is as follows:
In formula:
for the spectral reflectivity derivative value of af at wavelength lambda; R
750for wavelength 750nm place spectral reflectivity, R
700for wavelength 700nm place spectral reflectivity; R
λfor water body in lake is at the spectral reflectivity of af at wavelength lambda.
5. by the method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: gather 0-20cm water layer water sample at each selection area, after processing by sieve algae-suction filtration leaching device, with the water-soluble state Fe content of Phen colorimetric method for determining water sample, water sample is measured Chlorophyll-a Content after WhatmanGF/F Filter paper filtering.
6. by the method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described sieve algae-suction filtration leaching device comprises sieve algae device and suction filtration leaching device.
Described sieve algae device comprises sample hose (5) and sieve algae net (1) provided thereon; Sieve algae net (1) comprises inner layer net (2) and outer layer net (3); Sieve algae net (1) lower end is provided with valve (4).
Described suction filtration leaching device comprises sample hose (5), filtrate pipe (9), acid filling pipe (10), T-valve (11) and syringe-type membrane filter (7), plug (13) is installed in sample hose (5) upper end, plug (13) is connected with one end of the conduit (14) through porose plug (6), conduit (14) other end is connected with syringe-type membrane filter (7) one end, and syringe-type membrane filter (7) other end communicates with filtrate pipe (9) and acid filling pipe (10) by T-valve (11).
7. by the method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described sieve algae net (1) is back taper; Sample hose (5) is piston cylinder operator.
8. by the method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in the middle of described T-valve (11), be diplopore cock (12), two holes in diplopore cock (12) vertically communicate.
9. by the method for the water-soluble state Fe assay of eutrophic lake claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: built-in 0.2 μ m aperture polycarbonate leaching film (8) in described syringe-type membrane filter (7).
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Application publication date: 20140709 |