CN103912887A - Method and device for preventing thermal-power boiler from quick coking and ash deposition - Google Patents
Method and device for preventing thermal-power boiler from quick coking and ash deposition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing a thermal-power boiler from quick coking and ash deposition. The method is characterized by including that flowing gas with certain momentum is blown in along a heated face of the boiler in a wall-adhering manner to flow on the heated face of the boiler in a wall-adhering manner to form a gas boundary layer adhered to the heated face, so that speed and composition of an original gas boundary layer are changed, molten mineral substances are avoided from contacting with the heated face, the molten mineral substances are enabled to be less prone to attaching on the heated face, and inhibition on coking and ash deposition of the heated face of the thermal-power boiler is realized; a gas protection layer can ba additionally arranged outside the gas boundary layer according to needs; gas flowing direction can be vertical, horizontal, obliquely downward or obliquely upward. The invention further discloses a boundary layer gas generating device for preventing the heated face of the boiler from coking and ash deposition. By the method and the device, the formed gas boundary layer can be ensured to play an effective role in protection, purified smoke containing a lot of CO2 can be led back into a hearth, NOx generation can be inhibited, heat exchange coefficient of the convective heated face can be increased, and corrosion of the heated face can be controlled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coking and the dust stratification control technology field of boiler, be specifically related to a kind of method and apparatus that prevents boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, be applicable to prevent to use the quick coking dust stratification of boiler heating surface that the accurate eastern coal in Xinjiang, living beings, oli oil etc. contain high-alkali, heavy metal or highly volatile mineral matter fuel.
Background technology
The present situation of the energy resource structure of China, has determined that thermal power generation is the major way of China's energy supply.But, in the boiler running process of thermal power generation, in the flue gas that burning produces, contain a large amount of sulfide, oxysulfide, nitrogen oxide and alkali metal oxide, form ash particle, in the time that certain partial fume in stove is stagnated motionless or original place convolution, there is condensation in the ash particle of its molten state of carrying, form coking on the radiation heating-surfaces such as the water-cooling wall of boiler; And on the convection heating surface such as superheater, economizer, gathering of ash deposition thing can produce dust stratification, also can there is the dust stratification that stickiness is larger in the condensation of especially acid cigarette ash.This declines boiler thermal output, also will affect boiler operatiopn safety when serious.
Especially in recent years, power industry has been strengthened the exploitation to the accurate eastern coal in Xinjiang, living beings and oli oil equal energy source, and accurate eastern coal has the features such as high-moisture, low ash smelting point, high alkali content, and living beings contain compared with high basic metal oxide and salt; The vanadium-inhibiting agent that oli oil adds makes to burn, and the fly ash granule generating is thin, softening point is low, adhesiveness is strong, the feature that these energy exist can exert an influence to boiler performance, for example can make cohesiveness coking and the dust stratification of difficult drop-off increase, greatly affect economy and the safe operation of boiler.
The coking of boiler and dust stratification are complicated physical and chemical processes, relate to adhesion characteristics between kinetic characteristic, combustion product and the heating surface of fuel characteristic, combustion conditions, combustion product formation and phase-change characteristic, grey particle etc.At present, for boiler heating surface slagging scorification dust stratification problem, generally from improving fuel condition and optimizing boiler operatiopn aspect and carry out control and prevention, and regularly use soot blower to clean heating surface.But, be subject to the restriction of fuel characteristic and boiler design, add that practical operation situation is conventionally very complicated, to burner hearth optimization with can not stop contacting of ash particle and heating surface to the adjusting of operational factor, preventive effect is limited.For clean this mode of heating surface of soot blower, most of soot blower that power plant is used is at present all the high-pressure spray adopting substantially, it adopts high-pressure spray mode to clean by heating surface, difference is the difference of medium, there are air, steam, water etc., but the high-pressure spray to heating surface in this scheme (air, water or steam) blows ash for point contact type, exist and purge blind area, blow ash not thorough, frequent also use easily causes wearing and tearing to have an accident to purging object, as water-cooling wall attenuate booster etc.Therefore, such scheme can not fundamentally solve coking and the dust stratification problem of boiler heating surface.
Chinese patent CN102445088A discloses a kind of method that prevents waste heat boiler top Boiler Heating Surfaces, this scheme specifically arranges an exhaust stream entrance on the top of tunnel type waste heat boiler smoke inlet and near radiant section top, spray into thus the air-flow with certain mass and speed, thereby air curtain is formed on the top at waste heat boiler radiant section, the top that stops high-temperature flue gas directly to wash away waste heat boiler produces slagging scorification.Such scheme forms in order to realize the object that air curtain stops high-temperature flue gas to wash away waste heat boiler top radiation heating-surface, and the salt wind transmission of introducing and the volume of backflow flue gas total amount account for 10～20% of exhaust gas volumn volume, and its speed reaches 30～45m/s.
But, different from waste heat boiler, the radiation heating-surfaces such as apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler water-cooling wall are distributed in burner hearth wall, first any air-flow of introducing from outside must ensure not affect combustion process in burner hearth and the heat exchange efficiency of boiler, if take air curtain mode described in scheme, the air-flow of air curtain is larger to the disturbance of fluid field in furnace, cannot ensure the abundant catalytic combustion of fuel and air.In addition, such scheme due to air curtain and heating surface at regular intervals, exist curtain air flow occur reflux hidden danger, and air flow inlet adopt nozzle type, can not ensure to cover completely heating surface surface.Therefore, above-mentioned air curtain method has very large limitation, is only applicable to the boiler without combustion process such as tunnel type waste heat boiler.
Summary of the invention
For above defect or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of method and apparatus that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, by arrange the surperficial low-speed flow boundary layer of taking offence at coking dust stratification heating surface, both avoided grey particle free in burner hearth to stop at boiler heating surfaces such as water-cooling walls, make again the melting mineral matter that enters at random boundary layer be condensed into solid particles, move with boundary layer airflow, make it be difficult for being attached on heating surface, thereby realize the prevention of apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, can also near gas boundary layer, increase gas shield layer one, to reduce the momentum of shock wall of slag, strengthen protective capacities, ensure the normal operation of boiler.
For achieving the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of method that prevents boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, for realizing the inhibition to boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, it is characterized in that,
Be blown into the flowing gas with certain momentum along boiler heating surface surface, to form adherent the flowing of boiler heating surface the gas boundary layer of pressing close to heating surface, thereby avoid melting mineral matter to contact with heating surface, make the melting mineral that enter at random described gas boundary layer be condensed into solid particles simultaneously, make it be difficult for being attached on heating surface, thereby realize the inhibition to apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification;
Wherein, in described gas boundary layer, the flow direction of gas can be vertical, level, oblique lower or obliquely; Described gas boundary layer is outer can also arrange gas shield layer, and the flow direction of this protective layer gas can be identical or different with flowing to of gas in boundary layer, direction can be also under vertical, level, oblique or obliquely.
As improvement of the present invention, described air film gas need be pressed close to heating surface surface, refluxes in order to avoid form.
As improvement of the present invention, described flowing gas is by being arranged on gas blow pipe or the inflatable mouth on boiler water wall wall, and/or by being arranged near air jet pipe or puff prot ejection superheater, reheater, economizer tube wall.
As improvement of the present invention, the longitudinal slit gas blow pipe of many rows of many rows lateral slit formula gas blow pipe that described radiation heating-surface gas blow pipe is step-by-step arrangement from top to bottom or along continuous straight runs step-by-step arrangement; Described convection heating surface gas blow pipe is the annular gas blow pipe around tubular type convection heating surface.
As improvement of the present invention, described flowing gas temperature is lower than below the soot particle melt temperature in burner hearth.
As improvement of the present invention, the air that described flowing gas can be adjustable for the temperature of drawing from boiler secondary air, the flue gas extracting from flue, or the mixture of the two.
As improvement of the present invention, described to extract flue gas from flue can be economizer, after economizer, or after air preheater.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of device that prevents boiler heating surface coking dust stratification is provided, for realizing the inhibition to boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, it is characterized in that, in this boiler, be provided with gas blow pipe or inflatable mouth, be used for along being blown into the flowing gas with certain momentum on boiler heating surface, to form adherent the flowing of boiler heating surface the gas boundary layer of pressing close to heating surface, thereby avoid melting mineral matter to contact with heating surface, make the melting mineral that enter at random gas boundary layer be condensed into solid particles simultaneously, make it be difficult for being attached on heating surface, realize the inhibition to boiler heating surface coking dust stratification,
Wherein, described gas blow pipe or inflatable mouth are arranged on radiation heating-surface, and/or are arranged on convection heating surface, and in described gas boundary layer, the flow direction of gas can be vertical, level, oblique lower or obliquely; Described gas boundary layer is outer can also arrange gas shield layer, and the flow direction of this protective layer gas can be identical or different with flowing to of gas in boundary layer, direction can be also under vertical, level, oblique or obliquely.
As improvement of the present invention, described gas blow pipe is many rows lateral slit formula gas blow pipe of step-by-step arrangement from top to bottom or the longitudinal slit gas blow pipe of many rows of along continuous straight runs step-by-step arrangement, and the air film of formation need be pressed close to heating surface surface, refluxes in order to avoid form.
As improvement of the present invention, described flowing gas temperature is lower than below the soot particle melt temperature in burner hearth.
As improvement of the present invention, the air that described flowing gas can be adjustable for the temperature of drawing from boiler secondary air, the flue gas extracting from flue, or the mixture of the two.
As improvement of the present invention, described to extract flue gas from flue can be economizer, after economizer, or after air preheater.
In the present invention, water-cooling wall surface forms individual layer or the protection of double-deck air film, ground floor air film is formed by reverse or local uprush up and down from top to bottom, and inflatable gas Flow Velocity, tolerance, gas blow pipe spacing are according to field experiment and calculative determination adjustable; Second layer air film is formed by the level that is parallel to heating surface blowing out from the side or obliquely flow air-flow, air blowing speed, tolerance, gas blow pipe spacing according to on-the-spot service condition by testing and calculative determination adjustable.
Further, the heat convection face such as superheater, reheater, economizer utilizes the flue gas extracting from flue diverse location to form air film protection, and can filter sending into before boiler.
Further, gas blow pipe layout is carried out parallel or is arranged vertically according to water-cooling wall or overheated tube wall direction, or angled, and blowing direction is parallel to tube wall or water-cooling wall surface as far as possible.
Further, gas blow pipe is looked air blowing coverage and step-by-step arrangement, ensures that air film can effectively cover heating surface;
Further, deliver a gas to gas blow pipe in stove at the outside deployment cycle air duct of boiler or flue, circulating flue gas pipeline also comprises small-sized filtrating equipment of flue gas.
Further, in stove, gas blow pipe can be rectangular aperture formula; Or annular gap type; Or nozzle type.According to field condition, it can be also the combination of this structural shape.
The present invention sprays into air and/or carbon dioxide and/or water vapour or its gaseous mixture by rectangular aperture formula or annular gap type or nozzle type gas blow pipe are set, at coking dust stratification heating surface, as water-cooling wall surface forms one deck or the two-layer air film parallel with water-cooling wall wall; Form one deck gas boundary layer parallel with tube wall surface at superheater, reheater, economizer tube wall.Drive the grey particle in flue gas to flow by gas boundary layer air-flow; avoid grey particle to stop at heating surface, wall and pipe face are formed to protective layer, the cooling of high-temperature fusion grey particle is condensed simultaneously; and can not cause interference to boiler combustion process, realize the prevention of coking and dust stratification.Gas boundary layer resist technology economy provided by the invention, safety, efficient; without boiler is carried out to large transformation; can arrange targetedly for different objects; also can regulate accordingly for different operating conditions, ensure the gas boundary layer that forms can effectively form protection, and; the flue gas that contains a large amount of CO2 after purifying is drawn and melts down thorax; also can suppress NOx and generate, increase convection transfer rate, control the corrosion of heating surface.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that schematic diagram is arranged in the water-cooling wall air film protection (bilayer) of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.In addition,, in each embodiment of described the present invention, involved technical characterictic just can combine mutually as long as do not form each other conflict.
The list that prevents the quick coking dust stratification of the apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler/double-deck air film device of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, taking common Π type coal-burning boiler as example, the boiler furnace 1 surrounding wall water-cooling wall 2 that distributing, the high-temperature flue gas that burner hearth fuel combustion generates flows to afterbody through pendant superheater 5, high temperature superheater 6, low temperature superheater 7, economizer 8 after arriving upper furnace, on the heating surface that the grey particle wherein carrying can contact on the way, coking fouling phenomenon occurs.For water-cooling wall 2, along water-cooling wall 2 walls from top to bottom step-by-step arrangement arrange lateral slit formula gas blow pipe 4 more, spraying into the air-flow with certain mass and speed, form vertically and flow the air film of (in Fig. 1 shown in dotted arrow) on water-cooling wall surface, is ground floor air film; At the longitudinal slit gas blow pipe 3 of the many rows of water-cooling wall 2 side along continuous straight runs step-by-step arrangements, spray into the air-flow with certain mass and speed, forming bottom horizontal flow sheet or the oblique lower or air film of flow obliquely (in Fig. 1 shown in solid arrow), is second layer air film.
The flue gas that the air-flow spraying into can be the adjustable air (drawing from Secondary Air) of the temperature of drawing from Secondary Air, extract from flue diverse location, or the mixture of the two, gas flow temperature generally need to be lower than grey particle melt temperature in burner hearth, determining of flue bleed position determined by required flue-gas temperature, can be before economizer 8, after economizer 8, or after air preheater, extract flue gas.Circulated air pipeline and circulating flue gas pipeline that the gas extracting lays through boiler outside cause slit air jet pipe, for flue gas recirculation pipeline, before air-flow is introduced air jet pipe, also need to add filtrating equipment of flue gas and filter the impurity such as wherein contained ash particle.
While adopting the present invention to implement transformation to apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler, only install pipeline extracting air and flue gas additional in boiler supply air system and boiler flue correct position, at the outside deployment cycle Pipeline transport of boiler gas, on heating surface, correct position is arranged gas blow pipe, ensure to form suitable gas boundary layer, avoid ash particle to contact with heating surface, the cooling of melting grey particle is condensed, suppress the generation of coking fouling phenomenon.
The method that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification of the embodiment of the present invention, for realizing the inhibition to apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, on boiler heating surface, be blown into specifically the flowing gas with certain mass and speed, to flow and to form gas boundary layer on boiler heating surface surface, thereby avoid ash particle to contact with heating surface, the grey particle of melting is condensed into solid-stately to reduce stickiness simultaneously, realizes inhibition to apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification.
In gas boundary layer, the flow direction of gas can be vertical, level, oblique lower or obliquely; In the time that melting mineral concentration is higher, can near gas boundary layer, increase gas shield layer one, to reduce the momentum of shock wall of slag, strengthen protective capacities.The flow direction of protective layer gas can be identical or different with flowing to of gas in boundary layer, direction can be also under vertical, level, oblique or obliquely.
Flowing gas is by being arranged on gas blow pipe or the inflatable mouth on boiler water wall 2 walls, and gas blow pipe is preferably many rows lateral slit formula gas blow pipe 4 of step-by-step arrangement or the longitudinal slit gas blow pipe 3 of many rows of along continuous straight runs step-by-step arrangement from top to bottom.
Flowing gas can be the adjustable air of the temperature of drawing from boiler secondary air, the flue gas that extracts from flue, or the mixture of the two, flowing gas temperature is lower than below the soot particle melt temperature in burner hearth, it is described that to extract flue gas from flue can be economizer 8, after economizer 8, or after air preheater.
In the present embodiment, boiler is not limited to the boiler of above-described embodiment, and the boiler of other types is also suitable for, and is particularly applicable to apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. prevent a method for apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, for realizing the inhibition to apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, it is characterized in that,
Be blown into flowing gas along boiler heating surface surface, to form adherent the flowing of boiler heating surface the gas boundary layer of pressing close to heating surface, thereby avoid melting mineral matter to contact with heating surface, make the melting mineral that enter at random described gas boundary layer be condensed into solid particles and make it be difficult for being attached on heating surface simultaneously, thereby realize the inhibition to apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification;
Wherein, in described gas boundary layer, the flow direction of gas can be vertical, level, oblique lower or obliquely.
2. a kind of method that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification according to claim 1; wherein; described gas boundary layer is outer can also arrange gas shield layer; the flow direction of this protective layer gas can be identical or different with flowing to of gas in boundary layer, direction can be also under vertical, level, oblique or obliquely.
3. a kind of method that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described flowing gas is by being arranged on gas blow pipe or the inflatable mouth on radiation heating-surface, and/or by being arranged on air jet pipe or the puff prot ejection of convection heating surface.
4. a kind of method that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification according to claim 3, wherein, described flowing gas is by being arranged on gas blow pipe on boiler water wall (2) wall or inflatable mouth ejection, and/or by being arranged near air jet pipe or puff prot ejection superheater, reheater and/or the economizer tube wall of apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler.
5. a kind of method that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification according to claim 4, wherein, described gas blow pipe be along boiler water wall (2) vertically wall from top to bottom step-by-step arrangement many rows lateral slit formula gas blow pipe (4) or along the longitudinal slit gas blow pipes of many rows (3) of boiler water wall (2) horizontal wall surface horizontal direction step-by-step arrangement; Described air jet pipe or puff prot are annular gas blow pipe or the puff prot around heating surface.
6. according to a kind of method that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification described in any one in claim 1-5, wherein, described flowing gas can be the adjustable air of the temperature of drawing from boiler secondary air, the flue gas that extracts from flue, or the mixture of the two, preferably, it is described that to extract flue gas from flue can be economizer (8), after economizer (8), or after air preheater.
7. one kind prevents the device of apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, for realizing the inhibition to apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification, it is characterized in that, in this boiler, be provided with gas blow pipe or inflatable mouth, be used for along being blown into the flowing gas with certain momentum on boiler heating surface, to form adherent the flowing of boiler heating surface the gas boundary layer of pressing close to heating surface, thereby avoid melting mineral matter to contact with heating surface, make the melting mineral that enter at random gas boundary layer be condensed into solid particles simultaneously, make it be difficult for being attached on heating surface, realize the inhibition to boiler heating surface coking dust stratification,
Wherein, described gas blow pipe or inflatable mouth are arranged on radiation heating-surface, and/or are arranged on convection heating surface, and in described gas boundary layer, the flow direction of gas can be vertical, level, oblique lower or obliquely.
8. a kind of device that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification according to claim 7; wherein; described gas boundary layer is outer can also arrange gas shield layer; the flow direction of this protective layer gas can be identical or different with flowing to of gas in boundary layer, direction can be also under vertical, level, oblique or obliquely.
9. according to a kind of device that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification described in claim 7 or 8, wherein, described gas blow pipe or inflatable mouth are arranged on boiler water wall (2) wall, its be along boiler water wall (2) vertically wall from top to bottom step-by-step arrangement many rows lateral slit formula gas blow pipe (4) or along the longitudinal slit gas blow pipes of many rows (3) of boiler water wall (2) horizontal wall surface horizontal direction step-by-step arrangement; Or described gas blow pipe or inflatable mouth be arranged near superheater, reheater and/or the economizer tube wall of apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler, it is annular gas blow pipe or puff prot around heating surface.
10. according to a kind of device that prevents apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler heating surface coking dust stratification described in any one in claim 7-9, wherein, described flowing gas can be the adjustable air of the temperature of drawing from boiler secondary air, the flue gas that extracts from flue, or the mixture of the two, it is preferably, described that to extract flue gas from flue can be economizer (8), after economizer (8) or after air preheater.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104197353A (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2014-12-10 | 成都市蜀科科技有限责任公司 | Method for preventing flue from being scalded when water mist is sprayed on flue |
| CN104266204A (en) * | 2014-10-25 | 2015-01-07 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | High temperature flue gas extraction device coking preventing arrangement structure and arrangement method |
| CN104728823A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-24 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Novel supercritical carbon dioxide coal-fired boiler |
| CN105889955A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-24 | 江西铜业股份有限公司 | Method for removing smoke dust sticking substance on connecting part of rising flue and waste heat boiler |
| CN110360542A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-22 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of boiler system for alleviating water-cooling wall coking and slagging and high temperature corrosion |
| CN110454808A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-15 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | It is a kind of using steam high temperature corrosion resistance and the system of coking |
| CN110585887A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-12-20 | 扬州中康环保设备有限公司 | Water-cooled wall anti-corrosion device for SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104197353A (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2014-12-10 | 成都市蜀科科技有限责任公司 | Method for preventing flue from being scalded when water mist is sprayed on flue |
| CN104266204A (en) * | 2014-10-25 | 2015-01-07 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | High temperature flue gas extraction device coking preventing arrangement structure and arrangement method |
| CN104266204B (en) * | 2014-10-25 | 2017-05-03 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | High temperature flue gas extraction device coking preventing arrangement structure and arrangement method |
| CN104728823A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-24 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Novel supercritical carbon dioxide coal-fired boiler |
| CN105889955A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-24 | 江西铜业股份有限公司 | Method for removing smoke dust sticking substance on connecting part of rising flue and waste heat boiler |
| CN110360542A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-22 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of boiler system for alleviating water-cooling wall coking and slagging and high temperature corrosion |
| CN110454808A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-15 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | It is a kind of using steam high temperature corrosion resistance and the system of coking |
| CN110585887A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-12-20 | 扬州中康环保设备有限公司 | Water-cooled wall anti-corrosion device for SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration |
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Application publication date: 20140709 |