CN103901469A - Seismic data recovery method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic data recovery method. The method includes the steps that seismic data of a time space domain are scanned to obtain deficient trace seismic data and valid trace seismic data; a data window is generated, wherein the specific value of the deficient trace seismic data in the data window to the seismic data in the data window is within a set threshold value range; the following steps are carried out on the seismic data of the time space domain in the data window: (a) Fourier transformation is carried out on the seismic data of the time space domain to obtain the seismic data of a frequency space domain; (b) the seismic data of the frequency space domain are recovered to obtain seismic data of the recovered frequency space domain; (c) Fourier inversion is carried out on the seismic data of the recovered frequency space domain to obtain the recovered seismic data of the time space domain. According to the seismic data recovery method, aliasing is restricted in a certain degree, and accordingly the method can be used for deficient trace recovery of the seismic data with aliasing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of image data restoration method, more particularly, relate to a kind of anti-alias high-resolution seismic exploration data reconstruction method.
Background technology
High-definition picture is processed and recovery technology is able to fast development in computer digital image process field between nearly decades.The image of geological data is as the one of digital picture, outside a lot of features that have computer digital image concurrently, and also unique Some features.Geological data is often made up of various lineups.Same area (as common-shot-gather CSP, common midpoint gather CMP, common offset road collection etc.) seismic event does not have different forms, and what have is hyperbolic curve, and what have is nearly straight line.In the earthquake data acquisition process of field, tend to because some factors cause the imperfect of geological data, the fault of for example instrument easily causes the formation of some bad tracks, and the obstruct in river, mountains and rivers causes some regions to arrive, and forms large stretch of disappearance road.The existence in geological data bad track and disappearance road, can impact follow-up multiple flow processs of earthquake data processing, the such as compacting (SRME) of wave equation migration, the relevant multiple reflection of spectrum estimation and surface etc.
The method of current existing reconstruction geological data image, a kind of is method based on wave equation.This method is model-driven, i.e. the realization of the method depends on subsurface model parameter, and in the time that model parameter is difficult to obtain or is inaccurate, the method is just tied greatly.Another kind is the method based on signal processing.This method is data-driven, and its advantage is from the obtaining information of data own, without subsurface model parameter.These class methods mainly contain: based on method, the method based on linear prediction and the method based on bent wave conversion etc. at relevant inclination angle.Its disadvantage of method based on relevant inclination angle is to process to intersect comparatively difficulty of axle in the same way.Method based on linear prediction need first be recovered low frequency signal, then recovers high-frequency signal by low frequency signal, and its problem is to be difficult to utilize full frequency band information, thereby is difficult to ensure the relative authenticity of high-frequency information.Method based on bent wave conversion has its lot of advantages, but its shortcoming is also comparatively obvious, is exactly that counting yield is lower, higher for the production of cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of high-resolution seismic exploration data reconstruction method of the frequency-wavenumber domain weighting processing based on Fourier transform, the disappearance road that can contain simply efficiently alias geological data recovers, thereby realize the high resolving power of geological data, for next step various geological data processing provide condition, there is good effect.
An aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of restoration methods of geological data, described method comprises: the geological data to time and space territory scans, obtain lacking geological data and valid trace geological data, generate a data window, the ratio of the geological data in disappearance road geological data and data window in described data window is within the scope of setting threshold, the geological data in the time and space territory in data window is carried out to following steps: (a) geological data in time and space territory is carried out to Fourier transform, obtain the geological data in territory, frequency space; (b) geological data in territory, frequency space is recovered to the geological data in the territory, frequency space after being restored; (c) geological data in territory, frequency space after recovering is carried out to Fourier inversion, obtain the geological data after the recovery in time and space territory.
Alternatively, the step that the geological data in territory, frequency space is recovered comprises: (b1) geological data in territory, frequency space is carried out to Fourier transform, obtain frequency wavenumber spectrum; (b2) ask for the maximum radius of frequency wavenumber spectrum, obtain the range limit of weight function according to the maximum radius of frequency wavenumber spectrum and predetermined variable k; (b3) range limit of exploitation right function is processed frequency wavenumber spectrum, obtains weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment; (b4) ask for the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, from described mould value, find maximum norm value and the minimum modulus value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, according to the maximum norm value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment and minimum modulus value and predetermined variable k, obtain threshold function table; (b5) utilize threshold function table to process weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, obtain threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment; (b6) threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is carried out to Fourier inversion, obtain the threshold function table geological data after treatment in territory, frequency space; (b7) utilize valid trace geological data in the geological data in the territory, frequency space that step (a) obtains to replace the geological data of corresponding road numbering in the threshold function table geological data after treatment in territory, frequency space; (b8) make k=k+1, detect k and whether equal m, m is greater than zero natural number; (b9), in the time of k ≠ m, return to execution step (b1)～step (b8); (b10) in the time of k=m, execution step (c), wherein, the initial value of predetermined variable k is 1.
Alternatively, method of the present invention can also comprise: after the geological data in the time and space territory in a data window performs step (a) and (b), (c), described data window is moved to the distance of a window along a direction of spatial domain, then geological data execution step (a) and (b), (c) to the time and space territory in the data window after movement.
Alternatively, method of the present invention can also comprise: be described data window increases frame, wherein, to having increased geological data execution step (a) and (b), (c) in the time and space territory in the data window of frame.
Alternatively, described frame can be filled null value.
Alternatively, wide 10 roads that can be of the frame of increase.
Alternatively, in step (b2), the formula of the range limit of calculating weight function is as follows:
Wherein, M
kfor the scope boundary line of weight function, R
maxfor the maximum radius of frequency wavenumber spectrum.
Alternatively, step (b3) comprising: the frequency wavenumber spectrum in the range limit of described weight function is retained, frequency wavenumber spectrum outside the range limit of described weight function is removed, using the frequency wavenumber spectrum in the range limit of described weight function as weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
Alternatively, in step (b4), the formula of the described threshold function table of calculating is as follows:
Threshold(k)=A
max·e
bk
Wherein, Threshold (k) is threshold function table, A
maxfor the maximum norm value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, b is coefficient,
a
minfor the minimum modulus value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
Alternatively, step (b5) comprising: obtain threshold value according to maximum norm value and the threshold function table of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, in the time that the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is more than or equal to threshold value, weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is remained unchanged, in the time that the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is less than threshold value, by the real part of frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment weight function and all zero setting of imaginary part, the frequency wavenumber spectrum that the mould value of frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment weight function is more than or equal to threshold value is as threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
Alternatively, the computing formula of described threshold value is as follows:
E
k=A
max·Threshold(k)
Wherein, E
kfor threshold value, A
maxfor the maximum norm value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, Threshold (k) is threshold function table.
Adopt the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention owing in advance frequency wavenumber spectrum having been carried out to weight function processing, make the alias in geological data obtain compacting to a certain degree, thus can be effectively for the recovery in the disappearance road of the geological data with alias.
Brief description of the drawings
By the detailed description of carrying out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage will become apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates the process flow diagram of the restoration methods of geological data according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 a is original 3-D data volume find time at random to obtain behind the some roads section schematic diagram of 3-D data volume;
Fig. 2 b is the 3-D data volume that obtains after adopting the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention to process 3-D data volume in Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 a section schematic diagram in same position;
Fig. 3 a is find time the at random partial enlarged drawing of the stacked section behind some roads of original stacked section;
Fig. 3 b is the stacked profile map that obtains after adopting the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention to process stacked section in Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 a partial enlarged drawing at same position;
There is the original big gun numeric field data figure of a large amount of disappearances road geological data in Fig. 4 a Wei Mouyuanpian road;
Fig. 4 b is the big gun numeric field data figure that adopts the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention to postpone the original big gun numeric field data in Fig. 4 a outward.
Embodiment
Describe with reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention in detail below.
Provide with reference to the following description of accompanying drawing to help the complete understanding to the embodiments of the invention that limited by claim and equivalent thereof.Comprise that various specific detail understand helping, but that these details are only considered to be is exemplary.Therefore, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention, can make various changes and modifications embodiment described herein.In addition, for clarity and brevity, omit the description to known function and structure.
The restoration methods of geological data of the present invention, first scans the geological data in time and space territory, obtains lacking geological data and valid trace geological data.For example, by being scanned, geological data can learn which road exists which road of geological data not have geological data, to exist the geological data in corresponding road of geological data as valid trace geological data, will not exist the geological data in corresponding road of geological data as disappearance road geological data.For example, also the road numbering of disappearance road geological data and corresponding disappearance Dao road numbering and valid trace geological data and corresponding valid trace can be stored.
Obtain lacking after geological data and valid trace geological data by scanning, need to generate a data window, the ratio of the geological data in disappearance road geological data and data window in this data window (for example, the threshold range of setting can be 20%～40%) within the scope of setting threshold.Preferably, also can be data window increases frame, and described frame is filled null value (for example, wide 10 roads that can be of the frame of increase), to prevent coiling.Here, the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention is applicable to the Recovery processing to 3D seismic data and two-dimension earthquake data, in the time that 3D seismic data is carried out to Recovery processing, the data window of generation is three-dimensional data window, and in the time that two-dimension earthquake data are carried out to Recovery processing, the data window of generation is 2-D data window.
The restoration methods of geological data of the present invention aspect the anti-alias of geological data by the mode of windowing, design becomes the data cutout mode of window, by the conversion to window and movement, geological data is searched for, the quantity of the interior valid data of maintenance data window has keeps on top, and weakens geological data alias to reach the object of anti-alias.The present invention is owing to geological data having been carried out to the processing of generated data window, thereby the alias intensity of geological data itself and the nonlinear characteristic of lineups are overcome, make method of the present invention can be used in various data but not be only confined to the data containing linear lineups, greatly improved the applicability of this method.
Introduce in detail the step of the geological data in the time and space territory in a data window being carried out to Recovery processing below.
Fig. 1 illustrates the process flow diagram of the restoration methods of geological data according to an embodiment of the invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, in step 101, the geological data in time and space territory is carried out to Fourier transform, obtain the geological data in territory, frequency space.For example, can first ask for the sampling point number of the Fourier transform on time orientation, then on time orientation, geological data be transformed to territory, frequency space by time and space territory.Here, Fourier transform can be Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), to reduce calculated amount, and the common practise that the method for asking for the sampling point number of the Fourier transform on time orientation is this area, the present invention no longer describes in detail the content of this part.
The restoration methods of geological data of the present invention is applicable to the Recovery processing to 3D seismic data and two-dimension earthquake data.In the time that 3D seismic data is performed step to 101, be that 3D seismic data is carried out to two-dimensional Fourier transform, 3D seismic data is carried out to the common practise that the method for two-dimensional Fourier transform is this area here, the present invention no longer describes in detail the content of this part.
In the time that two-dimension earthquake data are performed step to 101, be that two-dimension earthquake data are carried out to one-dimensional Fourier transform, two-dimension earthquake data are carried out to the common practise that the method for one-dimensional Fourier transform is this area here, the present invention no longer describes in detail the content of this part.
In step 102, the geological data in territory, frequency space is recovered to the geological data in the territory, frequency space after being restored.
Alternatively, the step that the geological data in territory, frequency space is recovered can comprise: can preset predetermined variable k, 1≤k≤m, m is greater than zero natural number, geological data by the territory, frequency space in data window carries out Recovery processing k time, to improve the precision of the Recovery processing to geological data.Alternatively, the step of determining the value of m can be: in advance the plot shake data in geological data are carried out to Recovery processing, find the number of times m of the Recovery processing that can meet realistic accuracy requirement, maximal value using the number of times m of this Recovery processing as the span of predetermined variable k, in the time of predetermined variable k=m, the geological data in territory, frequency space is recovered to finish.
Introduce in detail the step that the geological data in the territory, frequency space in data window is recovered below, wherein, the initial value of predetermined variable k is 1:
(b1) geological data in territory, frequency space is carried out to Fourier transform, obtain frequency wavenumber spectrum.For example, can first ask for the sampling point number of the Fourier transform on direction in space, then on direction in space, geological data is transformed to frequency wavenumber spectrum by territory, frequency space.Here, Fourier transform can be Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), to reduce calculated amount, and the common practise that the method for asking for the sampling point number of the Fourier transform on direction in space is this area, the present invention no longer describes in detail the content of this part.
The restoration methods of geological data of the present invention is applicable to the Recovery processing to 3D seismic data and two-dimension earthquake data.When to 3D seismic data execution step (b1), be that 3D seismic data is carried out to two-dimensional Fourier transform, 3D seismic data is carried out to the common practise that the method for two-dimensional Fourier transform is this area here, the present invention no longer describes in detail the content of this part.
When to two-dimension earthquake data execution steps (b1), be that two-dimension earthquake data are carried out to one-dimensional Fourier transform, two-dimension earthquake data are carried out to the common practise that the method for one-dimensional Fourier transform is this area here, the present invention no longer describes in detail the content of this part.
(b2) ask for the maximum radius of frequency wavenumber spectrum, obtain the range limit of weight function according to the maximum radius of frequency wavenumber spectrum and predetermined variable k.
For example, the formula of the range limit of calculating weight function is as follows:
In formula (1), M
kfor the scope boundary line of weight function, R
maxfor the maximum radius of frequency wavenumber spectrum.Here the maximum radius R of frequency wavenumber spectrum,
maxfor the origin position of frequency wavenumber spectrum is to the distance of point with maximum effective frequency and maximum Effective wave number.
Now utilize formula (1) can calculate the range limit M of the weight function corresponding with k
k.
For example, when to 3D seismic data execution step (b2), the range limit of this weight function is a three-dimensional range limit (for example, this range limit is a cone); When to two-dimension earthquake data execution steps (b2), the range limit of this weight function is a two-dimentional range limit (for example, this range limit is a triangle).
(b3) range limit of exploitation right function is processed frequency wavenumber spectrum, obtains weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
Specifically, the frequency wavenumber spectrum in the range limit of weight function is retained, the frequency wavenumber spectrum outside the range limit of described weight function is removed, using the frequency wavenumber spectrum in the range limit of weight function as weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.Here, the frequency wavenumber spectrum outside the range limit of weight function is in fact all alias, after weight function is processed, can, by the alias filtering in geological data, effectively improve the resolution of geological data.
(b4) ask for the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, from described mould value, find maximum norm value and the minimum modulus value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, obtain threshold function table according to the maximum norm value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment and minimum modulus value and predetermined variable k.
For example, the formula of calculated threshold function is as follows:
Threshold(k)=A
max·e
bk （2）
In formula (2), Threshold (k) is threshold function table, A
maxfor the maximum norm value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, b is coefficient,
a
minfor the minimum modulus value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
Now utilize formula (2) can calculate the threshold function table Threshold (k) corresponding with k.
For example, during to 3D seismic data or two-dimension earthquake data execution steps (b4), what obtain is all the value of a definite Threshold (k).
(b5) utilize threshold function table to process weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, obtain threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
For example, through weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, frequency wavenumber spectrum outside the range limit of weight function is got rid of, now recycle threshold function table the frequency wavenumber spectrum remaining in the range limit of weight function is processed, can effectively improve the recovery precision to geological data.
Specifically, obtain threshold value according to maximum norm value and the threshold function table of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, in the time that the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is more than or equal to threshold value, weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is remained unchanged, in the time that the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is less than threshold value, by the real part of frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment weight function and all zero setting of imaginary part, the frequency wavenumber spectrum that the mould value of frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment weight function is more than or equal to threshold value is as threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
For example, the formula of calculating threshold value is as follows:
E
k=A
max·Threshold(k) （3）
In formula (3), E
kfor threshold value, A
maxfor the maximum norm value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, Threshold (k) is threshold function table.
Now, utilize formula (3) can calculate the threshold value E corresponding with k
k.By the mould value of frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment weight function and threshold value E
kcompare, when the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is more than or equal to threshold value E
ktime, weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is remained unchanged, when the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is less than threshold value E
ktime, by the real part of frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment weight function and all zero setting of imaginary part, so just obtain corresponding with k threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
(b6) threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is carried out to Fourier inversion, obtain the threshold function table geological data after treatment in territory, frequency space.
(b7) utilize valid trace geological data in the geological data in the territory, frequency space obtaining in step 101 to replace the geological data of corresponding road numbering in the threshold function table geological data after treatment in territory, frequency space.Here, because the geological data in the territory, frequency space obtaining in step 101 is original geological data, and original geological data is more as the criterion, therefore utilize valid trace geological data in the geological data in the territory, frequency space obtaining in step 101 to replace the geological data of corresponding road numbering in the threshold function table geological data after treatment in territory, frequency space, original geological data is retained as far as possible, can improve the accuracy that disappearance road geological data is recovered.
(b8) make k=k+1, detect k and whether equal m, m is greater than zero natural number.
(b9), in the time of k ≠ m, return to execution step (b1)～step (b8).Specifically, in the time of k ≠ m, show that the Recovery processing of the geological data to the territory, frequency space in data window does not also finish, need return to execution step (b1)～step (b8).
(b10) in the time of k=m, execution step 103.Specifically, in the time of k=m, show that the Recovery processing of the geological data to the territory, frequency space in data window finishes, need to continue execution step 103.
The restoration methods of geological data of the present invention is due in each rejuvenation, the process of utilizing valid trace geological data in the data in territory, frequency space to replace the geological data of corresponding road numbering in the threshold function table geological data after treatment in territory, frequency space is all to complete in territory, frequency space but not complete in time and space territory, the calculated amount that can effectively reduce like this Fourier transform, has improved treatment effeciency greatly.
In step 103, the geological data in territory, frequency space after recovering is carried out to Fourier inversion, obtain the geological data after the recovery in time and space territory.
The restoration methods of geological data of the present invention is that data window recovers one by one, after the geological data Recovery processing in the time and space territory in a data window completes, this data window (is for example moved along a direction of spatial domain, move or move along the Y-direction of spatial domain along the directions X of spatial domain) distance of a window, then the geological data in the time and space territory in the data window after movement is carried out to Recovery processing, until the disappearance road geological data in the geological data in time and space territory is all completed to recovery.
The restoration methods of geological data of the present invention is applicable to the Recovery processing to 3D seismic data and two-dimension earthquake data.In the time that 3D seismic data is carried out to Recovery processing, in execution step when 101～step 103, the variation that is for example geological data, on the both direction of spatial domain directions X and the Y-direction of spatial domain () and time orientation that needs to consider; In the time that two-dimension earthquake data are carried out to Recovery processing, in execution step when 101～step 103, the variation that is for example geological data, on a direction of spatial domain directions X or the Y-direction of spatial domain () and time orientation that needs to consider.Here, the directions X of spatial domain and Y-direction can be by artificially choosing arbitrarily.The step that method of the present invention is carried out Recovery processing to 3D seismic data and two-dimension earthquake data is all identical, just in the time that two-dimension earthquake data are carried out to Recovery processing, only consider that two-dimension earthquake data in a direction of spatial domain (for example, the directions X of spatial domain) on variation, for example, the variation in another direction (, the Y-direction of spatial domain) of spatial domain of two-dimension earthquake data is not considered.
The restoration methods of geological data of the present invention is from the angle of the anti-alias of geological data, to obtain the restoration methods of high-resolution geological data.
The present invention is because the threshold function table that adopts exponential taper is processed weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, this threshold function table with respect to linear decrease has the advantages that convergence is fast, therefore greatly reduce the number of times of Recovery processing, thereby obviously improved treatment effeciency.
The restoration methods of geological data of the present invention is owing to first frequency wavenumber spectrum has been carried out to the weight function processing relevant to predetermined variable k before using threshold function table to process frequency wavenumber spectrum, make alias obtain compacting to a certain extent, thereby can more effectively recover for the disappearance road of the geological data with alias.
Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b adopt the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention to process the comparison schematic diagram of the recovery effects to 3-D data volume.
Fig. 2 a is original 3-D data volume find time at random for example, to obtain behind some roads (, 30% seismic trace of finding time at random) the section schematic diagram of 3-D data volume, and horizontal ordinate is Taoist monastic name, and ordinate is the time.Wherein, original 3-D data volume is a single big gun 3-D data volume of a set of three-dimensional simulation data of SEG of the U.S. (SEG) issue.Fig. 2 b is the 3-D data volume that obtains after adopting the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention to process 3-D data volume in Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 a section schematic diagram in same position, horizontal ordinate is Taoist monastic name, ordinate is the time, can be found out by Fig. 2 b, adopt the lineups of the restoration methods 3-D data volume after treatment of geological data of the present invention to keep good continuity, the recovery of the disappearance road geological data of the restoration methods that shows geological data of the present invention to 3-D data volume is effective.
The comparison schematic diagram of the recovery effects of the restoration methods that Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b are geological data of the present invention to certain actual stacked section data.
Fig. 3 a is find time the at random partial enlarged drawing of for example, stacked section behind some roads (, 30% seismic trace of finding time at random) of original stacked section, and horizontal ordinate is Taoist monastic name, and ordinate is the time.Fig. 3 b is the stacked profile map that obtains after adopting the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention to process stacked section in Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 a partial enlarged drawing at same position, and horizontal ordinate is Taoist monastic name, and ordinate is the time.Can be found out by Fig. 3 b, after adopting the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention to process, the lineups of stacked section have good continuity, and the recovery of the disappearance road geological data of the restoration methods that shows geological data of the present invention to two-dimentional actual seismic data is effective.
There is the comparison schematic diagram of the extrapolation recovery effects of the big gun territory real data of a large amount of disappearances road geological data for Mou Yuanpian road in the restoration methods that Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b are geological data of the present invention.
There is the original big gun numeric field data figure of a large amount of disappearances road geological data in Fig. 4 a Wei Mouyuanpian road, horizontal ordinate is Taoist monastic name, and ordinate is the time, can be found out by Fig. 4 a, and original big gun numeric field data Yuan Pian road lacks in a large number.Fig. 4 b is the big gun numeric field data figure that adopts the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention to postpone the original big gun numeric field data in Fig. 4 a outward, horizontal ordinate is Taoist monastic name, ordinate is the time, can be found out by Fig. 4 b, restoration methods through geological data of the present invention postpones outward the original big gun numeric field data in Fig. 4 a, effectively recover a lot of disappearances road geological data, and keep good continuity and the naturality of lineups, shown that thus the restoration methods of geological data of the present invention has good recovery effects for the actual big gun numeric field data of two dimension.
The high-resolution seismic exploration data reconstruction method of the frequency-wavenumber domain weighting processing based on Fourier transform that the present invention proposes, the disappearance road that can contain simply efficiently alias geological data recovers, thereby realize the high resolving power of geological data, for next step various geological data processing provide condition, there is good effect.It can be widely used in various oil-gas exploration processes and during some relevant data resume work, have broad application prospects.
Although specifically shown with reference to its exemplary embodiment and described the present invention, but it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, in the case of not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention that claim limits, can carry out the various changes in form and details to it.
Claims (11)
1. the restoration methods of a geological data, described method comprises: the geological data to time and space territory scans, obtain lacking geological data and valid trace geological data, generate a data window, the ratio of the geological data in disappearance road geological data and data window in described data window, within the scope of setting threshold, is carried out following steps to the geological data in the time and space territory in data window:
(a) geological data in time and space territory is carried out to Fourier transform, obtain the geological data in territory, frequency space;
(b) geological data in territory, frequency space is recovered to the geological data in the territory, frequency space after being restored;
(c) geological data in territory, frequency space after recovering is carried out to Fourier inversion, obtain the geological data after the recovery in time and space territory.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the step that the geological data in territory, frequency space is recovered comprises:
(b1) geological data in territory, frequency space is carried out to Fourier transform, obtain frequency wavenumber spectrum;
(b2) ask for the maximum radius of frequency wavenumber spectrum, obtain the range limit of weight function according to the maximum radius of frequency wavenumber spectrum and predetermined variable k;
(b3) range limit of exploitation right function is processed frequency wavenumber spectrum, obtains weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment;
(b4) ask for the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, from described mould value, find maximum norm value and the minimum modulus value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, according to the maximum norm value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment and minimum modulus value and predetermined variable k, obtain threshold function table;
(b5) utilize threshold function table to process weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, obtain threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment;
(b6) threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is carried out to Fourier inversion, obtain the threshold function table geological data after treatment in territory, frequency space;
(b7) utilize valid trace geological data in the geological data in the territory, frequency space that step (a) obtains to replace the geological data of corresponding road numbering in the threshold function table geological data after treatment in territory, frequency space;
(b8) make k=k+1, detect k and whether equal m, m is greater than zero natural number;
(b9), in the time of k ≠ m, return to execution step (b1)～step (b8);
(b10) in the time of k=m, execution step (c),
Wherein, the initial value of predetermined variable k is 1.
3. method according to claim 1, also comprise: after the geological data in the time and space territory in a data window performs step (a) and (b), (c), described data window is moved to the distance of a window along a direction of spatial domain, then geological data execution step (a) and (b), (c) to the time and space territory in the data window after movement.
4. method according to claim 1, also comprises: be described data window increases frame, wherein, to having increased geological data execution step (a) and (b), (c) in the time and space territory in the data window of frame.
5. method according to claim 4, wherein, described frame is filled null value.
6. method according to claim 4, wherein, the width Wei10 road of the frame of increase.
7. method according to claim 2, wherein, in step (b2), the formula of the range limit of calculating weight function is as follows:
Wherein, M
kfor the scope boundary line of weight function, R
maxfor the maximum radius of frequency wavenumber spectrum.
8. method according to claim 2, wherein, step (b3) comprising: the frequency wavenumber spectrum in the range limit of described weight function is retained, frequency wavenumber spectrum outside the range limit of described weight function is removed, using the frequency wavenumber spectrum in the range limit of described weight function as weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
9. method according to claim 2, wherein, the formula that calculates described threshold function table in step (b4) is as follows:
Threshold(k)=A
max·e
bk
Wherein, Threshold (k) is threshold function table, A
maxfor the maximum norm value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, b is coefficient,
A
minfor the minimum modulus value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
10. method according to claim 2, wherein, step (b5) comprising: obtain threshold value according to maximum norm value and the threshold function table of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, in the time that the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is more than or equal to threshold value, weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is remained unchanged, in the time that the mould value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment is less than threshold value, by the real part of frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment weight function and all zero setting of imaginary part, the frequency wavenumber spectrum that the mould value of frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment weight function is more than or equal to threshold value is as threshold function table frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment.
11. methods according to claim 10, wherein, the computing formula of described threshold value is as follows:
E
k=A
max·Threshold(k)
Wherein, E
kfor threshold value, A
maxfor the maximum norm value of weight function frequency wavenumber spectrum after treatment, Threshold (k) is threshold function table.
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